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they do not require equal inputs. Teachers will need to vary the amounts and
types of instruction provided to students to ensure high rates of success. For
example, the following strategies could be used to support struggling readers
with complex texts:3
Tier the task
Provide students with sections or small chunks of the text
Read aloud to individual or small groups of students
Independent Reading: The CCSS demand that secondary students read
grade-appropriate and complex texts. However, given the context within
which we teach and our students starting points, many students will need
scaffolding in order to engage with and understanding complex texts
independently. One key lever to build students basic reading skills is through
independent reading, in which students read texts on their reading level with
90% or above success. All students, regardless of reading level, need
opportunities early in the year to attempt to read complex, grade-appropriate
texts independently so that they can become accustomed to what is expected
of them. By doing so, students will develop the perseverance and grit
necessary to read and analyze complex texts.
Literacy Fosters Identity, Community, & Awareness of the Broader
World: While the CCSS state that students must read complex texts worth
reading, we have also seen our most successful teachers use their content to
foster childrens identities, sense of community, and awareness of broader
issues. Specifically, teachers often choose fiction or literary nonfiction texts
that feature authors, characters or communities with similar backgrounds to
our students. Informational texts are often grounded in students
communities or discuss issues that are prominent in students lives. Finally,
the questions, themes, and tasks that students grapple with throughout a unit
and/or lesson often given them opportunities to examine their own
perspectives and how those are similar to &/or different from those around
them.
References
1.
achievethecore.org
2.
3.
EdWeek Common Core Professional Development Webinar Series: Common Core Mythbusters: Clearing Up the
Biggest Misconceptions About the ELA Standards
4.
Allington, Richard L. What Really Matters for Struggling Readers: Designing Research-based Programs. New York:
Longman, 2001. Print.
Common Core: Expectations for Students Who are College and Career Ready in Reading, Writing,
Speaking, Listening, & Language A portrait of students who meet the standards set out in this
document.
Common Core Appendix A: Learn about the research behind the importance of text complexity as
well as how to determine the complexity of a text.
Common Core Publishers Criteria: Developed by two of the lead authors of the Common Core State
Standards and revised through conversations with teachers, researchers, and other stakeholders,
these criteria are designed to guide publishers and curriculum developers as they work to ensure
alignment with the standards in English language arts (ELA) and literacy for history/social studies,
science, and technical subjects.
One Day for ELA: A comprehensive website that features a secondary ELA teacher and her students
throughout the year. The site includes her Vision, instructional arc for the year, student & family
interviews, student work across the year, and two weeks of instructional footage to see the way in
which she builds students as readers, writers, and thinkers (username/ password information can be
found here).
Sue Lehmann Artifacts for Chloe Kannan (Delta 10, secondary ELA): Access Chloes Vision, student
work samples, and video from her classroom that show ways in which she builds students as
readers, writers, and thinkers (username/password: tal/talrubric).
Million Words Campaign: Teach For Americas national campaign for increasing students volume
and love of reading. One stop shop for independent reading. Includes day-by-day guide for
implementing independent reading, suggests for acquiring books, motivating students, and tracking
progress.
Achieve the Core: Detailed information about the shifts required by the CCSS, as well as models of
text-dependent questions, professional development webinars, and stories from teachers
implementing the CCSS in their classroom.
America Achieves: Common Core aligned lesson plans with videos of teachers implementing
lessons and discussing key shifts in the common core.