Temperature controlled DC fan using thermistor

R1 = 4.7K ohm

R2 = 47 Ohm

NTC Thermistor = 4.7K

Potentiometer (Vr) = 500K

OP AMP IC 741

Transistor= BD140

Diode 1N4007

Tblock

Tblock

Working:

The basic working principle of temperature controlled DC fan is based on

the working principle of thermistor. Thermistor is component which changes its
resistance as its temperature changes. There are two types of thermistor
available which are NTC i.e. negative temperature coefficient and other is PTC
which is positive temperature coefficient.
In temperature controlled DC fan we have used a NTC type thermistor. It is called
NTC because its resistance increases when its temperature decreases and vice
verse. Similarly in PTC its resistance increases when temperature increases and
vice verse.
Op amp IC741 is used as a voltage comparator which compares the voltage
between its two inputs i.e. inverting and non inverting terminals. Pin number 2 is
inverting terminal which is connected to the potentiometer and pin number 3 is
non inverting terminal which is connected in between thermistor and R1 which
makes a voltage divider circuit. Thus the output of op amp is responsible for the
speed of fan.
When the temperature of surrounding increases, temperature of thermistor also
increases which causes its resistance to decrease, therefore voltage divider
circuit causes more voltage across pin number 3. Thus the output voltage
increases causing speed of fan to increase.

12 V

D1
1N4007

R1

RV1

6
2

500K

R2
47

OP AMP 741

RT1
+tc

FAN-DC

U1

+88.8

kRPM

4.7k

J2

4.7k

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Q1
BD140

BAT1
1.5V