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HowtoPromoteEngagement,Understanding,and
g g
,
g,
IndependenceforAllLearners
RonRitchhart .MarkChurch.KarinMorrison
ProjectZero,HarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation
7,000wordsaccountfor90%ofour
d l
dailyusage
Think asawordranksinthetop125
intermsoffrequencyinprint.
q
y p
Think isthe12
is the 12th mostusedverbinthe
most used verb in the
Englishlanguage.
Whatareweaskingstudentstodo
whenwetellthemtoTHINK?
HarvardGraduateSchoolof
EducationsProjectZero
d
TheMission:
h
Learningtothinkandthinking
g
g
tolearn
FFosteringengagement,
i
uncoveringunderstanding,and
promotingindependencewithin
aclassroomcultureofthinking
TTeachersmodeling
h
d li thinkingand
thi ki
d
beingexplicit aboutthethought
process
ThinkingRoutines
g
RoutinesforIntroducing
and
ExploringIdeas
describing,wondering,
interpreting,uncovering,
questioning,distilling,observing
details building explanations
details,buildingexplanations
RoutinesforSynthesizing
and
OrganizingIdeas
summarizing,capturingtheheart,
g
g,
y g
,
organizing,identifyingconnections,
raisingquestions,analyzing,
reflecting
RoutinesforDiggingDeeper
IntoIdeas
reasoningwithevidence,takinga
perspective,identifyingbias,raising
questions,making
counterarguments identifying
counterarguments,identifying
complexities
Q ti i
Questioning
Listening
Documentingg
Questioning
Askquestionsthat:
Modelyourinterestintheideasbeing
explored Ask authentic questions
explored.Askauthenticquestions.
Constructunderstandingbyconnecting
g y
g
orextendingideas.
FFacilitatetheilluminationofstudents
ili
h ill i i
f d
ownthinkingtothemselves.What
makesyousaythat?
Listening
Modelyourabilitytoreally
listen andaskpowerfulfollow
upquestions.
Successfulgroupinteractions
dependonthegroupsabilityto
li t
listenandtorespondtoone
dt
dt
anothersideas.
Documenting
Captures
Capturestheevents,questions,and
the events questions and
conversationsthatprovokeandadvance
learningovertime.
Supportslearningfromearlychildhood
throughsecondaryschool.
Connectstheactoflisteningandextendsit.
Savingstudentideassignalsthattheideas
havevalue.
Thinking
routines are structures.
Thinkingroutinesarestructures.
Thinkingroutinesoperateasstructures thatsupport
thinking.
The
Thestepsoftheroutineactasscaffolds
steps of the routine act as scaffolds thathelp
that help
studentsthinkatahigherandmoresophisticated
level.
Thesestructures canbeusedforwholeclassorsmall
group discussions
groupdiscussions.
Thinkingroutinesarepatternsor
b h
behaviors.
When
Whenthinkingroutinesareusedregularlythey
thinking routines are used regularly they
becomepartofthepattern oftheclassroom.
Studentsinternalize messagesaboutwhatlearning
isandhowithappens.
pp
Learning
L
arn ng and
an Innovation
nno at on Skills
S s 4Css
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills
Use various types of reasoning appropriate to the situation
Analyze how parts of a whole interact with each other
Assume
m shared responsibility
p
y for
f collaborative work,, and value the
individual contributions made by each team member
ForcesthatBuildandNurtureCultures
ofThinking
f h k
Expectations
For thegroupoutcomeaswellasthetypeofthinkingrequired
Opportunities
Content,interactionwithit,andstudenttask
Time
Modelingg
Provides concreterolerequirements
q
Language
Teachernames,notices,andhighlightsthinkinginaction;students
learntousethelanguage
Environment
Arrangement ofspacecontributestotheculture
of space contributes to the culture
Interactions
Showingrespectbylisteningandquestioning
Routines
Oncethey areestablishedcanbeusedwithverylittledisruption
Think aboutit...
about it . . .
Whenteacherscomplainthattheirstudentsarenotthinking,itis
oftenbecausetheyhavebeentaughtnottothink.
ft b
th h
b
t ht t t thi k
ProjectZeroresearchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwhen
thinking becomes part of the daily practice of the classroom and
thinkingbecomespartofthedailypracticeoftheclassroomand
teachersshowaninterestinandrespectforstudentsthinking,
thenstudentswhohadnotpreviouslybeenseenasacademically
strongbegintoshine.
Whenschoolisnolongeraboutthequickrightanswerbutfocuses
ontheexpressionofonesideas,questions,andobservations,
thenanewplayingfieldiscreatedfor
students.
allll
Childrengrowintotheintellectuallifeofthose
around them. (Vygotsky)
aroundthem.