Alshakhs 1

Ismaeel alshakhs
Dr. Frances
ENG 212
8 Feb 2015
Maps between Past and Present

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Whats your reaction when you see two maps, one of them from 1876 and the
other one in 2015? Do you think borders changed a little bit or a lot? This is what the
paper talk about. The State of Michigan is part of the United States. At the beginning of
the twentieth century, the industrial revaluation in the area attracted many people to move
in and facilitated the expansion developed this area. However, during these years, the

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maps and borders were the base of lot of problems among cities. Gerrymandering is one
of the problems that happened among cities as a result of fraud and swindle. Regarding
the idea of gerrymandering, people were divided into two groups: supporter and
oppositionist. Supporter believed the author who created the maps. However, the
oppositionists dont believe the author who created it. Therefore and according to
Algazali, the rise of geographical maps arose in the evolution of geographical thought
all this appeals to ethos, pathos and logos (Algazali).

Ethos politics is a key element in the manufacture of maps between people in the
States. There are a lot of countries that rely on certain sources to create maps. Maps
created by different countries vary a little bit. That difference may be welcomed be a
group of people and unwelcomed by another group. Therefore, its hard to determine
which map is right. Although many people used maps for guidance and defining borders.
Such uses may ease peoples life and helped them making better decisions. For example,
some people used a map when they want to go to somewhere; they thinking graphics
color maps indicate the quality of the consumer and the road distance spend access to the
area. Because there many authors who contributed in creating maps, some authors are
thrust worthies while other are not. The Author Harley is one of the trust worthies. He has
an accepted opinion among public because he belongs to the Democratic Party. Harley
double-checks any foreign maps before publishing in order to be reliable and accepted by
the public. Harley contributed in a lot of events to correct maps that draw some border
between the areas. Also, he supports to reform a lot of political problems (Harley).

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Sometimes we cannot trust people who make maps pathos because we dont know
who they are. For example, the lack of clarity in the property lines may abound conflicts
between people. The people should know property boarders, real estate, and the right
direction in the maps accredited to reduce conflicts and control of the property correctly.
Another example, most of people in the Middle East, steal smallholding from their
neighborhood, because they dont know where is the end for ownership. This is due to
the malfunctioning of authorized parties who are responsible of the maps in the Middle
East. To solve this issue should refer to the person who made these maps to make sure the
documents. Also, Does this person is a certified and reliable person in the State or
otherwise? This view is one of reasons to produce a wrong processes for architectural
drawing with development of the country. Another reason when the owners of two
neighboring properties may disagree in defining their boarders line. On the other hand,
there are some countries that have their way in the process description that completely
differs from other countries (Reynolds).

Furthermore, logos countries may differ in their maps policies. For example, The
United States believe that Israel as a lawful country and should be admitted on the
worlds map because its been a country for over fifty years while the Middle Eastern
countries believe that Israel in unlawful entity and Palestine suppose to be admitted on
the worlds map. The conflict started during the Second World War when Hitler attacked
Europe and committed many genocides against Jews. With the support of the British
government, Jews were encouraged to invade Palestinians and takeover their country. As
a result, the political conflict may influence maps drawings. Another difference in the

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maps industry is in defining addresses. For example, the Japanese people use block
numbers to name addresses while in the United States people use streets to name
addresses. On the other hand, especially in Japanese they used b lock one or block two
instead to street. Thats mean when anyone want to ask about direction you have to ask
which block should he used to get up there, but in the United State he will ask about
street to get there (TED).

In conclusion, maps science is a wide knowledge that was made hundreds of years
ago and people still disagree in some of its aspects. Today, drawing maps is considered as
a science. However, there is still map manipulating in the industry and drawers may be
unreliable sources. A lot of companies who works with democracies they used
gerrymandering to their personal advantage to steal anything they want. Politicians may
influence the conflict in maps drawings. In my opinion, we should form of a committee
consisting from all the countries to support developing maps and use reliable sources.

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Works Cited
Algazali, Jassem. Geography in the Middle East. My.Arabgeraphevs.net:
Geographical forum, 11 Dec 2014. Web. 30 Jan 2015.
Harley, J. B. Maps, knowledge, and power. THE ICONOGRAPHY
OF LANDSCAPE. 1988. Web. 1 Feb 2015.
Reynolds, Nedra. Geographies of Writing: Inhabiting Places and Encountering
Difference. EBook via SVSU library. Sep 2007. Web. 1 Feb 2015
Sivers, Derek. Weird, or just different: TED Ideas worth spreading.
Nov 2009. Web. 1 Feb2015