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Content
Ralph Tyler
Theorist
Curriculum is:
Consist of
Focus
Emphasize -
Learners
expectanci
es
Evaluation
Outcome/
Product
Process
Praxis
-Ralph Tyler,
Nicholls and
-Lester Frank
-Franklin Bobbit
Nicholls
In a linear fashion - Based on
- Interrelated and
- Is considered
and following a
assumption that
interactive.
a
fixed sequence
knowledge is
development
negotiable, and that
of the process
the study of certain
curriculum
bodies of knowledge
as the main focus of
education
State objectives
- Formulating
- Situation analysis,
- Aims goals
,select relevant
objectives, selecting
selection of
and objectives
objectives
content ,specifying
objectives, selection
,content
,organise learning
teaching and
and organisation of
,learning
experiences and
learning strategies
content , selection
activities,
evaluation.
and specifying
and organisation of
instructional
learning assessment
teaching methods
evaluation,
strategies
and evaluation.
situation
analysis
Curriculum
- The acquisition of
- Meaningfulness of
- Dynamic of
organisation.
skills and
the learning
learning
Objectives driven
understanding that
experience.
through
are required for
learning
modern ways of life
discovery
should be the focal
,dialogue and
point of learning and
critical
teaching.
reflection
Content to be
- Product.
- Interaction of a
- Human
transmitted.
teacher student
emancipation
and knowledge.
Social
Stated hierarchy
- Subjects and
- Involving the
process and
of objectives
disciplines.
structure of the
learning
curriculum and that
the social context of climate
characterized
a curriculum has
been acknowledged. by dialogue.
- Intellectua
Planned to ensure - Interdependant
- interdependent
l responses
that step by step
to the
procedures are
actions.
followed to effect
- Dialog and
learning.
negotiation
Demonstrate
competencies
-Reciprocally
Open to
- Continuous
- Continuous
related and
measurement so
evaluation and use
assessment
Purpose
Known as
Dangers
intergrated
into process
-To contribute
the
emancipation
of learners
and the
development
of their
abilities to
shape their
own destinies
Emancipatory
curriculum
-No emphasis
is put upon
context.