)(DGA

parvane.pahlevani@gmail.com, a_salami@iust.ac.ir

) (DGA .

.
. -
.

: - DGA - - -

- - :

-
3
- Dissolved Gas Analysis

.
.

.
:






.
.
.
.
. DGA

DGA .
.

.
.
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) (Corona . ) ( ] .[
.
.

.

.
.
.

- Preventive Electrical Test

.
.
. .
. .

.
.
.
.
.
] .[
.

. ].[
) CH4 :() C2H6 () C2H4 () C2H2 ( ) H2(.
) CO : ( ) CO2 (.
) N2 :( ) O2(.
C3 C4

. ) ( ].[

H2

H2 , CO , CO2

CH4 , C2H6

)C2H4 , H2 (CH4 , C2H6

)CO2 (CO

)CO (CO2

)H2, C2H2 (CH4, C2H6, C2H4

)(DGA

. .

.

].[
) (Halstead .
.

) (H2 ) (CH4 ) (C2H6 ) (C2H4 ) (C2H2 ...
].[
.

. . ) ( -
] .[ .
H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2

.
) ( ].[

)(
. )
( ] .[
.

.
:
- )(Dornenburgs ratio method
.
CECG
DGA .
.
].[
R3 R2 R1 R4 ) (
.

Methane CH 4
=
Hydrogen
H2

R1

Acetylene C 2 H 2
=
Ethylene C 2 H 4

R2

Acetylene C 2 H 2
=
Methane
CH 4

R3

C H
Ethane
= 2 6
Acetylene C 2 H 2

R4

IEEE L1
. ) ( ].[
- L1

)Concentrations L1(ppm

Key Gas
)(H2

120

)(CH4

350

)(CO

35

)(C2H2

50

)(C2H4

65

)(C2H6

100

- Central Electricity Generating Board

) ( .
-

R4

R3

R2

R1

>0.4

<0.3

<0.75

>1.0

>0.4

<0.3

<0.1

) (

<0.4

>0.3

>0.75

>0.1<1.0

) (

) ( ].[

- )(Rogers ratio method

.
.
IEC 599 .
].[
Ethylene C 2 H 4
=
Ethane
C2 H 6

= R5

) ( .
-
].[
-

C2H4/C2H6 C2H2/C2H4

C2H6/CH4

CH4/H2

CH4/H2 0.1

Sparking

) ( ) ( .
].[
-

0.1

0.1 1.0

1.0 3.0

3.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 3.0

3.0

0.5

0.5 3.0

3.0

CH4/H2
)(R1

C2H6/CH4
)(R4
C2H4/C2H6
)(R5

C2H2/C2H4
)(R2

R4

R3

R2

R1

1 or 2

1 or 2

1 or 2

1 or 2

Tracking CO

1 or 2

IEC599 . ) (
].[
- IEC 60599
IEC 60599 :
:PD
:D1
:D2
:T1 T <300C
300C< T <700C :T2
T >700C :T3
.
IEC 599 ].[

-
R2

R1

R5

C2H2/C2H4

CH4/H2

C2H4/C2H6

)(PD

< 0.2

< 0.2

)(D1

>1

0.1 0.5

>1

)(D2

0.6 2.5

0.1 - 1

>2

)T1 <300C-(T1

< 0.2

<1

)300C< T2<700C-(T2

< 0.1

>1

1-4

)Thermal >700C-(T3

< 0.2

>1

>4

- )(Key Gas Method

Doble
] .[
. DGA .

H2 .
H2 ].[
) ( ].[
-- :
. .
-- : .
) (CO.

-- ) ( :
.
. .

-- ) ( :

. .
.

H2: 60%

C2H2: 30%

H2: 85%

CH4: 13%

C2H4: 63%

)(C2H2

)(H2

)(C2H4

)(PD

C2H6: 20%
CO: 92%

) (CO

- )(DCG
DGA DCG .

.

- Dissolved Combustible Gas

IEEE
].[
.
IEEE
) (TDCG .

. ) (
] [IEEE C57-104 .
:
( : ) (TDCG )(-
. ) (-
.

( : TDCG
. .
.

( : TDCG
.
.

( : TDCG -

.
) ( IEEE .

) (30 ppm/day
. ) (
IEEE ].[

- )(ppm

H2

CH4

C2H2

C2H4

C2H6

CO

CO2

TDCG

100

120

35

50

65

350

2500

720

101-700

121-400

36-50

51-100

66-100

351-570

2500-4000

721-1920

401-1000 701-1800

51-80

101-200

1921-4630 40001-10000 571-1400 101-150

>80

>200

>1800

>1000

>150

>1400

>10000

>4630

- Total Dissolved Combustible Gas

ppm/day
.

].[

TDCG
)(ppm

>4630

19214630

7211920

<=720

>30

10-30

<10

.
.

>30
10-30
<10
>30
10-30
<10

>30

10-30

<10

TDCG

.
.
.
. .
.
. .
.

- )(Duval Triangle
) (Michel Duval Hydroquebec
. B IEC 60599:1999 .
) (%CH4 ) (%C2H4 ) (%C2H2 .
. ) (
. ) ( .
ppm].[

T = CH4 + C2H4 + C2H2

%CH4=100*CH4/T
%C2H4=100*C2H4/T
%C2H2=100*C2H2/T

PD

) (

T1

) (

T2

) (

T3

D1

D2

DT

) (AI
DGA . (EPS)
.
1

- Artifical Inteligent
- Expert System
3
- Fuzzy Logic
2

.
DGA
. ...
. .

]:[
" - " .DGA
" - " .
" - " .

.
.
.
.

DGA .

. .

DGA
].[
) (
.

.
.
.

.
1

- Evolutionary Algorithm
- Artifical neural network
3
- central diagnostic engine
4
- expertise handler
5
- maintenance adviser
2

- genetic algorithm
- adaptive pruning

6
7

.
:

.

. DGA
.
. .

.
.

.

[1] IEEE Std C57.104-1991 IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed
Transformers.
[2] FIST 3-30 Transformer Maintenance Facilities Instruction, Standards, and Teqniques October 2000.
[3] Joseph B. DiGiorgio, Ph.D. DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS OF MINERAL OIL INSULATING FLUIDS
Dr. DiGiorgio conducts seminars on request. 1996-2005 NTT Copyrighted material.
[4] Zhenyuan Wang, Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Diagnosis of Power Transformer Incipient
Faults August 8, 2000 Blacksburg, Virginia.
[5] Lance Lewand, Doble Engineering Techniques for Interpretation of Data for DGA From Transformers,
2006 IEEE Conference