Tobacco

By: Sammie, Tara, Carmella, Sophie, Gabe, Kyle,

RJ, Andrew, & Tino

Tobacco Related Health Costs

United States

$96 Billion
$2.8 B
Canada

France

UK

$16.6 B
$9.5 B
China
$6.2 B

SOCIETYS COST
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$196 Billion

Addiction

How it works
An average smoker takes in 12 milligrams of nicotine
per cigarette.
Once they have smoked the tobacco,
the nicotine works its way to the
brain.
This gives the feeling of temporary
relaxation and gets rid of stress, it
can also elevate your mood and heart
rate.

Pavlovian Reflexes
Also known as classical conditioning.
Associating smoking with any activity
Once you start smoking or doing any
tobacco usage during an activity, the next
time you come back to that activity it
becomes a habit to use tobacco.

Examples
Video game addiction
Use it as a distraction
Relieve stress

Psychological
Dependence

What is it?
Basically the same as an addiction.
You end up depending on the tobacco from
using it too much.
Use to get rid of stress
Make you happier
Just out of habit

Effect on Nervous System

~Can reach the brain in 7 seconds
~Bypasses all sensory nerves
~Increases neurotransmitter levels
(Dopamine/Epinephrine/Etc.)
~Pleasure & satisfaction increased/Pain & anxiety
decreased

Effect on Nervous System Cont.

~Increases adrenaline levels (Increased
learning ability/memory/alertness)
~Can activate cholinergic receptors (Affect
all nerve impulses/Enhances reflexes)
~Highly Addictive (Becomes a
compulsion/Build up Nicotine Tolerance)

Effect of Nicotine on the Nervous System

Long Term Risks

Sammie Heft

COPD- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

- a disease that gets worse over time making
it hard to breathe
- cigarettes smoking is the leading risk factor
- others include pollution, chemical
fumes, or dust

COPD (cont.)
Less air flows through lungs because
- air sacs and airways lose their their flexibility
- wall between the air sacs are destroyed
- walls of the airways are inflamed
- airways are clogged with mucus

COPD (cont.)
Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchial tubes are inflamed

VS
Emphysema
Damage done to the lungs air sacs

COPD

American Lung Association says 85-90% of COPD deaths are related to

smoking.
Advanced stages may lead to life threatening respiratory problems and
heart failure.
Lifestyle changes that will help:
quit smoking
breathing exercises
exercise
eat healthy
consult physicians regularly
Affects 12 million people in the US today.

Chronic Bronchitis
-

Wheezing
Chest pain
Low fever
Shortness of breath

Emphysema
-

Symptoms

Not mentally alert

lips or fingernails turn blue or gray
Shortness of breath

Causes

COPD

Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

Survival Rate

Costs

Cancer
Lung - Oral - Leukoplakia
Sophie Ross
In the next hour, 50 people will die because of tobacco.

Lung Cancer
Deaths in 2014: 159,260
Tobacco use is a result of at least 30%
of all cancer deaths.
Tobacco is the #1 risk factor for lung
cancer.
The more cigarettes, the higher the risk.

Lung Cancer Continued

You can also get lung cancer from second hand smoke.
Adults who are 18 and older 20% of men and 3% of women have
ever used smokeless tobacco .
Smokeless tobacco products are a major cause of cancer

Oral Cancer
Oral cancer is only found when the cancer has metastasized from
to another area.
Is hard to spot since there are
usually no symptoms produced
Death rate is not high
Over 450,000 new cases of
oral cancer are found each year.

Oral Cancer Continued

Twice as common in men than in women.
90% of people who have oral cancer use a
form of tobacco.
Mouth cancer is becoming an epidemic

Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia is a white or grey patch that is
developed on the inside of the cheek or floor
of the mouth
The exact cause of leukoplakia
is unknown, but tobacco use
seems to be responsible in
most cases.

Leukoplakia Continued
Oral cancer can form from leukoplakia patches.
Even if leukoplakia is removed, there still is a risk of oral
cancer.
It does not cause permanent damage to the tissues in the
mouth.
Drinking alcohol along with smoking can increase the risk
of leukoplakia.

Smokeless and Smoked

Tobacco
With Gabe

Different Types of Smokeless

Tobacco
-

Dipping tobacco: A type of smokeless tobacco place directly in the gums

Chewing tobacco: A type of smokeless tobacco that is chewed like a gum
product
Snuff: A type of smokeless tobacco that is inhaled through the nose

Different Types of Smoked Tobacco

-

Bidis: small thin hand rolled tobacco cigarettes; usually imported from India
or other Southeast Asian countries
Cigarettes: finely ground tobacco in a paper cylinder; most popular type of
smoked tobacco in the U.S.
Cigars: much larger, fatter cigarettes with whole leaves wrapped in usually
brown paper; tobacco goes through a long drying process making these
larger cigars harder to come by today in the U.S., but were very popular in
early to mid 1900s

Dangers of Smoking Tobacco

-

Smoking causes coronary heart disease

Smoking causes lung cancer
Smoking can increase risk of stroke
Smoking can degrade skin tissue, leaving horrible holes in the mouth and
neck

Nicotine
by Tino

What is nicotine?
Nicotine is a potent found in the nightshade
(Solanaceae) family of plants.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine

Tar
Black mixture of hydrocarbons and free carbon
contains a wide variety of organic materials.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar

Arsenic
Butane
Cadmium

Methanol
Paint

Toluene

Ammonia

Carbon Monoxide

One of the 4000

chemicals that are in
cigarettes and one
of the most lethal

Carbon monoxide is
a poisonous gas that
is completely clear
and colorless

Carbon Monoxide stops red blood cells

from transporting oxygen
Smokers have more of this poison
running through their blood

Effects on Respiratory
System

Low Dosage

Overdose

~Increased respiratory ~Paralysis of

rate (Rapid/Shallow)
respiratory system
~Increased production ~Respiratory Failure
of respiratory
~Death
secretions

Effects of Nicotine on the Respiratory System

Effect on Digestive System

~Increases metabolism
~Depressant effect on appetite
~Weight loss
~Anorexia
~Vomiting
~Indigestion
~Constipation/Diarrhea

Effect of Nicotine on the Digestive System

SECONDHAND SMOKE IS

SCARY!!!!

There are 2 types of secondhand

smoke

Mainstream smoke - Smoke exhaled by the

smoker
Sidestream smoke - smoke that comes from
the lighted end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe

Secondhand smoking is just as bad as

smoking
3000 lung cancer deaths are from secondhand
smoke every year and living with a smoker
increases a nonsmokers chances of developing
lung cancer by 30% - 40%

The only real way to prevent

secondhand smoking is
making your surrounding
smoke free.

Mainstream and Sidestream

Smoke
Andrew Braun

Mainstream Smoke:
Smoke that goes directly to the lungs using a
cigarette, cigar, or pipe.
Smoke is also exhaled by the smoker
using the same equipment.

Sidestream Smoke:
Smoke which goes directly into the air through a
cigarette, cigar, or pipe.
Sidestream smoke also accounts
85% of the ETS in a room that
contains more carcinogens.

Continued:
Both types of smoke has causes 3,400 lung
cancer deaths and 42,000 heart disease deaths
to smokers and nonsmokers in the United States
alone.
Around 150,000 to 300,000 lower respiratory
tract infections are caused to infants and children
under 18 months old.

Effect on Cardiovascular System

~Acts as a stimulant
~Decreases blood flow to the heart
~Vasoconstriction
~Hypertension
~Chest pain
~Increased risk of heart attack

Effects of Nicotine on the Cardiovascular System

6th Months
Later...

Withdrawal

Symptoms
Withdrawal tends to vary on the person
Feeling down or sad
Troubles sleeping/ feeling restless
Feeling irritable, grumpy,
and on edge
HUngry, or gaining weight
Slower heart rate
Craving tobacco

Why do you crave it?

Reminders of smoking cause cravings.
Also known as a trigger

Have a plan.
People, places, activities will trigger cravings.

Medications
Medicines are available and help with your
chances of quitting. (NRT)
Nicotine gum
Nicotine patches
Inhalers
Sprays
Lozenge

Medications
Other medications available
Bupropion SR Pills
Does not have nicotine

Varenicline Pills

Does not have nicotine

*Not to be used while pregnant

Dangerous?
Withdrawal might feel bad, but there is no
health danger.
Quitting is for the
better
Watch for
possible
depression

Secondhand smoking is more

dangerous for adults than children.
Adults - they can have a stroke, develop lung
cancer, and even have heart disease.
Children - they can have impaired lung
function, lower respiratory illness, and middle
ear disease.

secondhand smoke occurs when smoking a

cigarette, cigar, and even a pipe
all of these things can are riddled with over
2,000 chemicals and at least 250 of those
chemicals have been known to cause disease
some sort of disease.