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COD,TOC & TOD

Dr Jaylina Rana
Week 3

Fractions of Wastewater

WW

Fractions of Wastewater (cont.)

WWFraction
OrganicFraction
SolidFraction
Nutrients, N&P
ToxicCompounds
Pathogenic
Compounds

Problem/Effect

Treatment

BOD, COD & TOD

BOD

OrganicMatter

COD

TOD

COD
COD ChemicalOxygenDemand
Thequantityofoxygenneededtochemicallyoxidizetheorganic
compoundinsample,convertedtocarbondioxideandwater
Thismethodofanalysisnormallyusespotassiumdichromate
astheoxidant.
Hence,COD>BOD

COD Test
Screwontop

3.5mlofcatalyst
7.5ml

2.5mlofsample
(Dilutedsample/dilutedstrongwastewater)

1.5mlofdigestion
solution

Catalystisaddedtoallowoxidationoflowmolecularweightfattyacids.
3tubesperdilutionand3blanks

COD Test (cont.)

Case1

Aftershaking,solutionisyellow.
Heatat150oCfor2hoursSolu onisyellow
Titratewithferrousammoniumsulphateusingferroin asindicator.

Case2

A erhea ng,solu onisgreenTestisnotvalid.

Redoheatingandtitration

Case3

A ershaking,solu onisgreenTestisnotvalid.
Dilutesampleandrepeattest

COD Test (cont.)

Dichromateionisdissolvedinsulphuricacid:
Cr2O72 +14H+ +6e 2Cr3++7H20
Thisformspowerfuloxidisingagentandisthenusedtoascertain
CODvalues.
ProblemswiththeCODindex?

TotalCOD

Biodegradable

Inert

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BODandCOD
ForthedesignofWastewaterTreatmentPlant,

COD
=2?
BOD

COD
=34?

BOD

COD
=5 ?
BOD

COD
>5?
BOD

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DomesticWW
WWTP
DomesticInfluentRawWW
BOD5 =300mg/L
COD=600mg/L

EffluentTreatedWW
BOD5 =20mg/L
COD=60mg/L
COD/BOD=60/20=3

Thisisduetothefinest
fractionsthathavenotbeen
treated

Whatcanbedone?

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IndustrialWW
WWTP
IndustrialInfluentRawWW
BOD5 =2000mg/L
COD=4000mg/L

EffluentTreatedWW
BOD5 =20mg/L
COD=800mg/L
COD/BOD=800/20=40

SinceCOD>125,itisreferredtoashardCOD
(MostofthisisinertOM)
Whatcanbedone?

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Theoretical Oxygen Demand - ThOD

DeterminetheThOD ofglycineCH2 (NH2)COOH

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Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

TOCCarboncontentoforganicwaste.
TypicalTOCtestmeasures:TotalCarbonpresent(TC)+TotalInorganic
Carbon(TIC)
TIC?
TOCtesthasthreemainstages?

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Total Oxygen Demand (TOD)

Rapidautomatedtestwhichoxidisesthewasteinthe
presenceofacatalystat9000C inastreamofair.
Duringthetest,allcarboninsampleisoxidisedtocarbon
dioxide
Oxygendemand=?

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Problem

DeterminetheCOD,BOD5 andTOCforthefollowing
compound:C5H7NO2.AssumethevalueofBOD1st
orderreactionconstantis0.23/day(basee).

Note:TOC TotalOrganicCarbon