Ch-5: Ly mu (Sampling)

Lecture-9
5.1. L thuyt ly mu
5.2. Bin i Fourier ri rc (DFT)
5.3. Bin i Fourier nhanh (FFT)

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.1. L thuyt ly mu
5.1.1. Ly mu trong min thi gian
5.1.2. Ly mu trong min tn s

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.1.1. Ly mu trong min thi gian

C v s tn hiu c th khi phc t cc mu bit trc.

Nu tn hiu c bng tn gii hn th c th khi phc li duy nht

t cc mu bit trc nu c ly mu tun theo L ly mu

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.1.1. Ly mu trong min thi gian

a) Ly mu bng chui xung n v - nh l ly mu
b) Ly mu bng b gi mu bc khng
c) Kh khn trong vic khi phc tn hiu thc t

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

a) Ly mu bng chui xung n v - nh l ly mu

Xt tn hiu cn ly mu f(t) vi bng tn hu hn l B Hz

Tn hiu f(t) c ly mu bng cch nhn vi chui xung n v

f (t)=f(t)p(t)

(t nTs )

f (t)=f(t)

f(nTs )(t nTs )

f (t)

f0(t)

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

a) Ly mu bng chui xung n v - nh l ly mu

Ph ca tn hiu c ly mu

f(t)

F()

p(t)

P()

2
Ts n

f (t)

F()=

1
[F() P()]
2

( ns ); Fs =1/Ts , s =2Fs
1
Ts

F( ns )
n

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

a) Ly mu bng chui xung n v - nh l ly mu

Khi phc tn hiu - nh l ly mu: L Nyquist, L Shannon

Low-pass Filter

4B

Fs

2B; Fs =2B Nyquist rate

Tn hiu c ph gii hn l B Hz c th khi phc chnh

xc t cc mu ca n c c khi ly mu u n vi
tc Fs 2B mu/s. Ni cch khc tn s ly mu nh
nht l Fs=2B Hz
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

b) Ly mu vi b gi mu bc khng
Ly mu vi b gi mu bc khng

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

b) Ly mu vi b gi mu bc khng
B khi phc tn hiu cho b gi mu bc khng

Hr ()=Ts H1 ()H2 ()

Khng thc hin c!!!

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

b) Ly mu vi b gi mu bc khng
Khi phc gn ng cho b gi mu bc 0

Low-pass Filter

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

d) Kh khn trong vic khi phc tn hiu thc t

Gi s tn hiu c bng tn hu hn

Ideal Filter

Practical Filter

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

d) Kh khn trong vic khi phc tn hiu thc t

Bng tn tn hiu v hn hin tng alias

Gii php: Anti-aliasing Filter

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

d) Kh khn trong vic khi phc tn hiu thc t

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.1.2. Ly mu trong min tn s

Xt tn hiu f(t) c thi gian hu hn v ph nh hnh v

Ly mu F( ) trn thang tn s vi chu k ly mu l

( n0 )

FT0 ()=F()
n=

F(n0 )( n0 )
n=

(t nT0 );T0 =2/0

f T0 (t)=T0f(t)

f T0 (t)=T0

f(t nT0 )
n=

n=

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.1.2. Ly mu trong min tn s

iu kin khi phc li tn hiu gc khi ly mu ph ca tn hiu

T0

2/

Ly mu ph tn hiu c ly mu

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.2. Bin i Fourier ri rc DFT

Mc ch: thit lp mi quan h gia cc mu trong min thi gian

vi cc mu trong min tn s
f(t)=

1
2

F()e jt d

F()=

f(t)e

jt

dt

N0 mu

N0 mu

N0 =T0 / Ts s / 0
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.2. Bin i Fourier ri rc DFT

Bin i DFT thun:
Do f(t) ch tn ti t 0 n T0 (tng ng vi N0 mu):
N0 1

f (t)=

f(kTs )(t kTs )

F()=

k=0

F()
t

f(kTs )e

jkTs

k=0

Mt khc trong on - s/2 n

_

N0 1

F()
Ts

s/2

(tng ng vi N0 mu):

F(r0 )=Ts F(r0 )=Ts

N0 1

f(kTs )e

jr0kTs

k=0

/N0; Fr=F(r 0): mu th r ca F( ); fk=Tsf(kTs):

mu th k ca f(t); ta c:
0= 0Ts=2

N0 1

Fr =

f k e jr0k

(Bin i DFT thun)

k=0
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.2. Bin i Fourier ri rc DFT

Bin i DFT ngc: nhn DFT thun vi e
N0 1

Fr e jm 0r =

N0 1 N0 1

r=0

r=0

N0 1

N0 1

Fr e jm 0r =

fk

N0 1

N0 1

Fr e

f k e jr0k e jm 0r

N0 1

k=0

r=0

sau ly tng:

k=0

r=0
jm

jm 0 r

e j(m k)0r

r=0

Fr e

jm

r=0

0; k
N 0f k

m
N0f m ;k

N 1

1 0
fk =
Fr e jr0k
N 0 r=0

(Bin i DFT ngc)

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.3. Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT

a ra bi Turkey and Cooley nm 1965, N0 phi l ly tha ca 2
Gim khi lng tnh ton: N 02
N0 1

fk

N 0 log N 0

N0 1

1
Fr e jr 0k Fr
N0 r 0

f k e jr 0k

k 0

Nhn: N0
Cng: N0-1

Tng cng cho cc h s: N0N0 php nhn v N0(N0-1) php cng

t: WN 0

j 2 / N0

Cc biu thc DFT c vit li:

N0 1

Fr
k 0

f kWNkr0

N0 1

fk

1
FrWN 0kr
N0 r 0

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.3. Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT

Chia fk thnh 2 chui: chn v l theo s th t:

f 0 , f 4 , f 6 ,..., f N 0

2 f1, f 3 , f5 ,..., f N 0 1

sequence g k

sequence h k

Biu thc DFT c vit li:

N0
2

Fr

f 2kWN20kr

k 0

N0
2

f 2k 1WN(2k

1) r

k 0

WN20

Ta c: WN0
2

N0
2

Fr

f 2kW Nkr0 WNr 0

N0
2

k 0

f 2k 1W Nkr0
2

k 0

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

Gr WNr 0 H r

5.3. Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT

N0
2

Fr

f 2kW Nkr0 WNr 0

N0
2

k 0

f 2k 1W Nkr0

Fr

Gr WNr 0 H r

k 0

(0 r N0 1)
Do Gr v Hr l DFT N0/2 im nn n c tnh tun hon:
Gr N0 Gr & H r N0 H r
2

Mt khc: W r
N
Fr
Fr
Fr

N0
2

Gr
N0
2

Gr

N0
2
0

N0
2

WN WNr 0

N0
2

WNr 0 H r ;

WNr
0
0 r

N0
2

Hr
N0
2

Gr WNr 0 H r ; 0 r

WNr 0

Fr

N0
2

WNr 0
N0
2

1
N0
2

p dng tnh DFT N0=8 im:

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

Gr WNr 0 H r

5.3. Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.3. Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.3. Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

5.3. Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT

Fr
Fr

Gr WNr 0 H r ; 0 r
N0
2

N0
2

Gr WNr 0 H r ; 0 r

1
N0
2

S php ton nhn v cng dng tnh DFT dng gii thut FFT:
S php ton nhn:

N0
log 2 N 0
2

S php ton cng: N 0 log2 N 0

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT