Hands, Feet, Shoulder Anatomy and

Injuries
Class 603

Anatomy of the Hands and Wrist

Bones:
- Radius (thumb side): forearm bone
- Ulna (pinky side): forearm bone
- Carpal bones (8)- scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform,
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
- Metacarpals (5)
- Phalanges: finger bones (14)
Hand Injuries
1. Fractured Finger
- can be cause by jamming, being stepped on, or punching the
finger
- treatment: x-ray, splint
2. Dislocation/Jammed Finger
- usually happens to the phalanges
- joint is knocked out of alignment of some sort of impact
- treatment: pull back into place (this should not be attempted),
take for an x-ray because it is probably fractured
Wrist Injuries
1. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- numbness in the hand when you flex the fingers
- pain when flexing the wrist
- common in people who type a lot
- the pain/numbness is on the palms side of the wrist
- there is no cure, only treatment
- medication for pain and swelling
- wrist brace
- surgery
2. Fracture
- most commonly fractured bone is the scaphoid
- peanut-shaped bone that breaks in one mistake
- cast for 6-8 months
- still may not heal and requires surgery
Anatomy of the Shoulder

Bones:
- Clavicle (collarbone)
- Scapula
- Sternum
- Humerus
The shoulder is a tall ball and socket joint
The rotator cuff is where the humerus attaches to the scapula.
Muscles:
Supraspinatus (supra- above)
Infraspinatus (infra- between)
Teres Minor
Subscapularis (sub- below)
(These are your SITS muscles)
Shoulder Injuries
1. Sprain
1st Degree
- pain, swelling, tenderness
- x-rays taken with person holding a weight
- 1-2 week recovery
2nd Degree
- pain, swelling, tenderness, inability to lift arm
- visible deformity
- at least one month to recover
3rd Degree
- severe pain, complete disability
- deformity with a huge bump (clavicle separates from the
scapula)
- several months to recover, possible surgery
1a. Frozen Shoulder Syndrome
This is a condition where the muscles shrink and then would not be able to
work anymore. This is because there is very minimal movement to the arm,
which causes this
2. Shoulder Separation
- similar to a 3rd Degree sprain
- clavicle separates from the scapula
- can be put back by moving the arm posteriorly, which brings the
clavicle back into place.
3. Fractured Clavicle
- clavicle is easily fractured because of the size and location

- Doctor will push the clavicle into place and give the person a
sling
- have to move shoulder a little throughout the day to avoid frozen
shoulder syndrome
4. Dislocated Shoulder
- head of the humerus slips out of the scapula (glenoid fossa)
- inferior: head of the humerus slips out downward (not common)
- posterior: head of the humerus slips out of the scapula toward
the back
- force on the lower end of the humerus is forward flexion
- anterior (most common): abduction and external rotation on an
outstretched arm
- the arm falls to the side, but not against it