BAB I

PERHITUNGAN GAYA-GAYA BATANG

1.1 Data Struktur
Diperhitungkan Untuk Atap Bangunan Bengkel
Bentang Konstruksi
Jarak Antar Kolom
Bahan Atap
Bahan Gording
Kelas Kuat Kayu
Konstruksi Kayu Termasuk
Tekanan Angin yang bekerja
Sifat beban yang bekerja
Konstruksi Joint/Sambungan
Peraturan-peraturan Konstruksi

: Bengkel
: 20 m
:5m
: Seng
: Bahan Balok Kayu
:I
:A
: Terlindung
:
: Paku
:

1.2 Beban yang terpakai / Beban Standar

Beban yang terpakai dalam perhitungan struktur kuda-kuda kayu yaitu :
1. Beban mati
a. Berat sendiri
b. Berat sendiri kuda-kuda
c. Berat sendiri gording
2. Beban hidup
Beban terpusat (orang + alat), diambil 100 kg
3. Beban Angin (tegak lurus bidang atap)
a. Angin kiri
b. Angin kanan

A.

Perhitungan Panjang Batang

Kemiringan atap = = 30
Panjang Batang AC = CD = DE = EB
Panjang Batang AF = BJ

Panjang batang AC = x L = x 10 = 2,5 m

Aa = 1/6*L

Fa = Tan x Aa

= 1/6*10

= Tan 30 x 1,666

= 1,667 m

= 0,9618 m

AF = Aa 2 + Fa2
= 1,6662 + 0.96182
= 1,9232 m

Panjang Batang FG = Batang JI

G

X2 = 2*1/6*L

Gb = Tan *X2

= 2*1/6*10
F

= Tan 30*3,333

= 3,333 m

= 1,924 m

A
X2

Batang FG = Batang JI

Ab = x L + ( x L 1/6 x L )
= 3,3333 m
AG = Ab2 + Gb2

FG = AG - AF

= 3,3332 +1,92542

= 3,848-1,923

= 3,848 m

= 1,925 m

Batang FG = Batang JI
FG = AG AF

H
G
F

Y3

X3 = 2*1/4*L

Y3 = Tan *X3

= 2*1/4*10

= Tan 30*5

=5m

= 2,887 m

X3
AH = X32 + Y32

GH = AH - AG

= 52 +2,8862

= 5,774-3,848

= 5,773 m

= 1,925 m

Bentang AC = CD =DE = EB = 2,5 m

Bentang HD = *L*Tan 30 = 2,887 m

Bentang CF = EJ
X1 = 1,667* Tan 30 = 0,963 m
Y1C = 2,5-1,667 = 0,833 m
CF = EJ = 0,9632 +0,8332
= 1,273 m

Bentang CG = EI
XC = 3,334* Tan 30 = 1,925 m
Y2C = 2,5-1,667 = 0,833 m
CG = EI = 1,9252 +0,8332
= 2,098 m

Bentang DG = DI
X2 = 3,334* Tan 30 = 1,925 m
X2D = 1,667 m
DG = DI = 1,9252 +1,6672
= 2,546 m
Tabel Panjang Batang
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Batang
S1 = S1
S2 = S2
S3 = S3
S4 = S4
S5 = S5
S6 = S6
S7 = S7
S8 = S8
S9

Panjang Batang (m)

1,925
1,925
1,925
2,5
2,5
1,273
2,098
2,546
2,887

Perhitungan Sudut

1.

Segi Tiga AFC Dan BJE

F
1,273 m

0,963 m
A

30

1,667 m

1,667 m

B
c

b2+c2-a2

Cos A =

2*b*c

< ACF = < BEJ

2,52+1,2732-1,9252

Cos C =

2*2,5*1,273

Cos C = 0,654
C = 49,156

< AFC = < BJE

1,9252+1,2732-2,52

Cos F =

2*1,925*1,273

Cos F = -0,189
2.

F = 100,894

Segi Tiga FCG Dan JEI

G
1,925 m
2,098 m
F

< FGC = < JIE

Cos G =

1,9252+2,0982-1,2732

2*1,925*2,098

Cos G = 0,803
G = 36,571

1,273 m
C

< CFG = < EJI

F = 180- < AFC

F = 180-100,894 = 79,106

< FCG = < JEI

C = 180- (36,571+79,106)
C = 64,323

3.

Segi Tiga CGD Dan EID

G
2,098 m

< DCG = < DEI

Cos C =

2,546 m

2,0982+2,52-2,5462

2*2,098*2,5

Cos C = 0,397
C

C = 66,583

2,5m

< CGD = < EID

2,0982+2,5462-2,52

Cos G =

2*2,098*2,546

Cos G = 0,434
G = 64,294

< CDG = < EDI

D = 180 (66,583 + 64,294)
D = 49,123

4.

Segi Tiga GDH Dan IDH

< DGH = < DIH

G = 180- (64,249+ 36,571)

1,925 m

G = I =79,135

2.887 m

< GDH = < IDH

D = 90- 49,123
D = 40,877

2,546 m

< GHD = < IHD

H = 180 (79,135 + 40,877)
H = 59,988

C.

Perhitungan Dimensi Gording

Data Perencanaan

Jarak kuda-kuda

:3m

Jarak gording

: 1,925 m : 2 = 0,963 m

Ukuran gording

: 10/12

Atap seng

: 10 kg/m2

Kelas kuat kayu II (Bengkirai)

: 0,91 gr/cm3

1.

Perhitungan Beban
Notasi

lt (kg/cm)
tk //tr// (kg/cm)
tk (kg/cm)
// (kg/cm)
Dimana :

Kelas

Mutu A

Terlindungi

Muatan Angin

Tegangan

Kuat II
100
85
25
15

f=1
100
85
25
15

f =1
100
85
25
15

+ Angin f =5/4
125
106,25
31,25
15

Perencanaan
125
106,25
31,25
15

lt

: Tegangan lentur yang diijinkan

tk //

: Tegangan tekan sejajar serat yang diijinkan

tr //

: Tegangan tarik sejajar serat yang diijinkan

tk

: Tegangan tekan tegak lurus serat yang diijinkan

//

: Tegangan geser sejajar serat yang diijinkan

Gx
G
a.

Gy

Berat Sendiri
Berat sendiri gording

= b*h*B*D

= 0,10 m*0,12 m*0,91 gr/cm3*1000

= 10,92 kg/m

Berat sendiri seng (atap)

= Berat sendiri seng *Jarak gording

= 10 kg/m2 * 0,963 m
= 9,630 kg/m

Berat total (G)

= Berat sendiri gording + berat sendiri seng (atap)

= 10,92 kg/m + 9,630 kg/m
= 20,55 kg/m

Sehingga Gx = G *sin 30 = 20,55*sin 30 = 10,275 kg/m

Gy = G *cos 30 = 20,55*cos 30 = 17,797 kg/m
b.

Muatan orang dan lain-lain (P = 100 kg) (Peraturan Muatan Indonesia)

Px = P*sin = 100* sin 30 = 50 kg
Py = P*cos = 100* cos 30 = 86,603 kg

c.

Muatan angina (W)

W = 18 kg/m2
Koefisien angin (C) = 0,02 *-0,4 (PMI)
= 0,02*30-0,4 = 0,2
Muatanm angin

= C *Muatan angin*Jarak gording

= 0,2*18*0,963
= 3,467 kg/m

Maka

qx = Gx = 10,275 kg/m
qy = Gy + W = 17,797 + 18 = 35,797 kg/m

2.

Penyelesaian terhadap lentur, lendutan dan geser

a.

Penyelidikan terhadap lentur

Perletakan sendi-rol
Px = 50 kg

Mx = 1/8*qx*L2+ 1/4*Px*L
= 1/8*10,275*32+ 1/4*50*3

qx= 10,275 kg/m

1,5 m

= 49,059 kg.m ~ 4905,9 kg.cm

1,5 m

My = 1/8*qy*L2+ 1/4*Py*L

Py = 86,603 kg

= 1/8*35,797*32+ 1/4*86,603*3
qy= 35,797 kg/m

1,5 m

= 105,224 kg.m ~10522,4 kg.cm

1,5 m

Kontrol Tegangan
y

Ukuran gording 10/12

Wx = 1/6*b*h2 = 1/6*10*122 = 240 cm3
Wy = 1/6*b2*h = 1/6*102*12 = 200 cm3

12 cm

Ix = 1/12*b*h3 = 1/12*10*123 = 1440 cm4

Iy = 1/12*b3*h = 1/12*103*12 = 1000 cm4

10 cm
lt = My/Wx + Mx/Wy = 4905,9/240 + 10522,4/200
= 73,053 kg/cm2 < lt =125 kg/cm2.(Aman)
b.

Penyelidikan terhadap lendutan

Untuk kelas kuat II (Mutu A) ~ E = 100.000 kg/cm2

Fy = 5
348

x qy*L4 +
EI*Ix

1
48

Py*L3
E* Ix

5
348

0,358*3004
100.000*1440

+ 1 x
48

86,603*3003
100.000*1440

= 0,262 + 0,341
= 0,603 m
5

Fx = 348

qx*L4

x EI*Iy

+ 48 x

5
Px*L3
E* Iy = 348

1
0,103*3004
x
+ 48 x
100.000*1000

50*3003
100.000*1000

= 0,108 + 0,284
8

= 0,392 m
Fy = Fy2 + Fx2 = (0,603)2 + (0,392)2 = 0,517 cm
F max = 1/200*L
= 1/200*10
= 1,5 cm
F = 0,517 cm < 1,5 cm..(Aman)
c.

Penyelidikan terhadap geser

Dy = *qy*L +*Py = *35,797*3 + *86,603 = 96,998 kg

Dx = *qx*L +*Px = *10,275*3 + *50 = 40,413 kg
y = 3/2*Dy/b*h = 3/2*98.998/10*12 = 1,212 kg/cm2
x = 3/2*Dx/b*h = 3/2*40,413/10*12 = 0,505 kg/cm2
x total = y + x = 1,212 + 0,505 = 1,717 kg/cm2
total < // ~ 1,717 kg/cm2 < 15 kg/cm2..(Aman)

3.

Perhitungan Muatan Tetap (P)

1,667 m

1,667 m

1,667 m

1,667 m

1,667 m

1,667 m

P2
P2

H
S3

P2

8
6

P2

S1

S3

G
S2

P1

P2

S2
8

J
7

P1
S1

C
P3

P4

P4

1m

P4

P3

10 m

1m

Jarak antar kuda-kuda = 3 m

Bentang kuda-kuda

= 10 m

Berat bentang /konstruksi

= Koefisien batang * Jarak kuda-kuda*Bentang

Koefisien Bentang
C = (L-2) +

L-10
-10

:
* ((L+5)-(L-2))

Dimana : L = Bentang kuda-kuda = 10 m

= Sudut kuda-kuda 30
C = (10-2) +
= 8+0 = 8

10-10 * ((10+5)-(10-2))
30-10

Maka :

Berat konstruksi

= Koefisien bentang *Bentang*Jarak kuda-kuda

= 8*10*3 = 240 kg

Tiap titik buhul menerima

= 240/10 = 24 kg

Cos = x/r ~ r = x/cos = 1/cos 30 = 1,2 m

Muatan P1
1.

Berat konstruksi

= 240

2.

Berat atap(1,2+0,963)*3*10

= 64,89 kg

3.

Berat gording (2*0,10*0,12*0,91*1000*3)

= 65,52 kg

4.

Berat orang dan lain-lain

= 100
Total

kg

kg

752,2 ~ 752 kg

Muatan P2
1.

Berat konstruksi

= 240

2.

Berat atap(0,963+0,963)*3*10

= 57,78 kg

3.

Berat gording (2*0,10*0,12*0,91*1000*3)

= 65,52 kg

4.

Berat orang dan lain-lain

= 100

kg

kg

10

Total

463,3 ~ 463 kg

Muatan P4
1.

Berat hanger

= 11 kg/m2

2.

Berat Flapond

= 7 kg/m2

3.

Berat hanger + Berat Flapond

= 18 kg/m2

4.

Berat hanger + Berat Flapond per titik buhul P4 ada 3

= 18 kg/m2*3*Jarak kuda-kuda
= 18*3*3
=162 kg

Muatan P3
P3 = *P4
= *162
= 81 kg

4.

Perhitungan Muatan Angin

Wt

Wi
H

Wt

S3

S3

G
Wt

8
6

Wi

F
S1

S2

Wt

Wi
S2

7
5

Wi
S1

11

10 m

Koefisien tekanan angin untuk < 65 = 0,02 -0,4

C1 = 0,02-0,4 = 0,2*30-0,4 = 0,2

Koefisien isapan angin untuk semua = 0,4 (PMI 83 PASAL 4.3)

C2 = 0,4

Tekanan angin yang bekerja = 18 kg/m2

Angin Tekan (Wt)

= Jarak gording*2*Jarak kuda-kuda*C1*Muatan angin

= 0,963*2*3*0,2*18
= 20,801 ~ 21 kg

Angin isap (Wi)

= Jarak gording*2*Jarak kuda-kuda*C2*Muatan angin

= 0,963*2*3*0,4*18
= 41,602 ~ 42 kg

5.

Perhitungan gaya batang muatan tetap

1,667 m

1,667 m

1,667 m

1,667 m

1,667 m

1,667 m

463 kg
463 kg

H
S3

463 kg
752 kg

S3

S2

I
9

463 kg
463 kg
S2

752 kg

12

S1

C
81 kg

81 kg
2,5 m

Reaksi Perletakan

S1
4

81 kg

2,5 m

81 kg
2,5 m

81 kg
2,5 m

MB = 0
VA*10-463*10-81*10-463*(8,334+6,667+5+3,333+1,666)-162*(7,5+5+2,5) = 0
VA*10-7520-810-11575-2430 = 0
VA = 2233,5 kg () karena konstruksi simetris maka VB = 2233,5 kg ()
Kontrol

V = 0
VA+VB-752*2-81*2-162*3-463*5 = 0
2233,5+2233,5-1504-162-486-2315 = 0
0 = 0 OK !!!

Kontrol gaya batang muatan tetap dengan metode ritther

Potongan I-I untuk batang S1 dan S4

1,667 m

752 kg

S1

0,963 m

S4
81 kg

2,5 m

13

VA = 2233,5 kg
MC = 0
VA*2,5-752*2,5-81*2,5+ S1*sin *2,5 = 0
5583,75-1880-202,5+ S1*1,25 = 0
S1 = -2801 kg (Tekan)
(2801-2801)
2801

% kesalahan =

* 100% = 0 %
0 % < 3 % OK !!!

MF = 0
VB*1,667-752*1,667-81*1,667- S4*0,963 = 0
3723,2445-1253,584-135,027- S4*0,963 = 0
S4 = 2426,854 kg (Tarik)
(2425,7372-2426,854)
2425,7372

% kesalahan =
6.

* 100% = 0,046 %
0,046 % < 3 % OK !!!

Perhitungan gaya batang akibat muatan angin kiri

Wt cos 30
Wt

Wi cos 30

S3

S3

G
Wt sin 30

S2

F
1,4435 m

S1

Wi

8
6

S2
8

7
5

5
D

Wi sin 30
2,887 m
S1
4

14

2,5 m

2,5 m

2,5 m

2,5 m

Akibat tekanan angin

Wt = 1,4435*Wt = 1,4435*21 = 30,3135 kg
Wt*sin 30 = 30,3135* sin 30 = 15,1568 kg
Wt*cos 30 = 30,3135*cos 30 = 26,2523 kg

Akibat isapan angin

Wi = 1,4435*Wi = 1,4435*42 = 60,627 kg
Wi*sin 30 = 60,627* sin 30 = 30,3135 kg
Wi*cos 30 = 60,627*cos 30 = 52,5045 kg

Reaksi Perletakan

MB = 0
VA*10-(Wt*sin 30)*1,4435+(Wi*sin 30)*1,4435-(Wt*cos 30)*7,5+(Wi*cos 30 )*2,5
=0
VA*10+21,8788+43,7575-196,8923+131,2613 = 0
VA = -0,0005 kg ()
MA = 0
-VB*10-(Wi*cos 30)*7,5+(Wi*sin 30)*1,4435+(Wt*cos 30)*2,5+(Wt*sin 30 )*1,4435
=0
-VB*10-393,7838+43,7575+65,6308+21,8788 = 0
VA = -26,2517 kg ()
Kontrol

V = 0
VA+VB-Wi cos 30-Wt*cos 30 = 0
-0,0005-26,2517+52,5045-26,2523 = 0
0 = 0 OK !!!
H= 0
HA-Wt*sin 30 -Wi sin 30 = 0
HA-15,1568-30,3135 = 0
HA = 45,4703 kg ()

15

Kontrol gaya batang muatan tetap dengan metode ritther

Potongan I-I untuk batang S1 dan S4

1,667 m

Wt cos 30

Wt

S1

HA = 45,4703 kg

0,963 m

S4

2,5 m
VA = -0,0005 kg
MC = 0
VA*2,5- Wt*cos 30*2,5+ S1*sin 30*2,5 = 0
-0,0013-32,8154+ S1*1,25 = 0
S1 = 26,2534 kg (Tekan)
% kesalahan =

(26,2534 -26,2534) * 100% = 0 %

0 % < 3 % OK !!!

26,2534
MF = 0

VA*2,5+HB*0,963-S4*0,963- Wt*cos 30*1,667- Wt*sin 30*0,963 = 0

-0,0008+43,7424-S4*0,963 -21,8813-7,2904= 0
S4 = 15,1454 kg (Tarik)
% kesalahan =

* 100% = 0,0686 %

(15,1558-15,1454)

15,1558
6.

0,0686 % < 3 % OK !!!

Perhitungan gaya batang akibat muatan angin kanan

.
Wi cos 30
Wt

H
S3

S3

G
Wt sin 30

S2

Wt cos 30
Wi
I

S2

Wi sin 30

16

F
1,4435 m

S1

7
5

C
2,5 m

8
6

5
D

2,5 m

2,887 m
S1

E
2,5 m

2,5 m

Akibat tekanan angin

Wt = 1,4435*Wt = 1,4435*21 = 30,3135 kg
Wt*sin 30 = 30,3135* sin 30 = 15,1568 kg
Wt*cos 30 = 30,3135*cos 30 = 26,2523 kg

Akibat isapan angin

Wi = 1,4435*Wi = 1,4435*42 = 60,627 kg
Wi*sin 30 = 60,627* sin 30 = 30,3135 kg
Wi*cos 30 = 60,627*cos 30 = 52,5045 kg

Reaksi Perletakan

MB = 0
VA*10+(Wi*sin 30)*7,5-(Wi*sin 30)*1,4435-(Wt*cos 30)*2,5-(Wt*sin 30 )*1,4435 =
0
VA*10+393,7838+43,7575-65,6303-21,8788 = 0
VA = -26,2517 kg ()
MA = 0
-VB*10+(Wt*cos 30)*7,5-(Wt*sin 30)*1,4435-(Wi*cos 30)*2,5-(Wi*sin 30 )*1,4435
=0
-VB*10+196,8923-21,8788-131,2613-43,7575 = 0
VA = 0,0005 kg ()
Kontrol

V = 0
VA+VB+Wi cos 30-Wt*cos 30 = 0
-26,2517+0,0005+52,5045-26,2523 = 0
0 = 0 OK !!!

17

H= 0
HA-Wt*sin 30 -Wi sin 30 = 0
HA-15,1568-30,3135 = 0
HA = 45,470 kg ()

Kontrol gaya batang muatan tetap dengan metode ritther

Potongan I-I untuk batang S1 dan S4

1,667 m

Wi cos 30

Wi

HA = 45,470 kg

S1

0,963 m

S4

2,5 m
VA = -26,2517 kg
MC = 0
VA*2,5+ S1*sin 30*2,5+WI*cos 30*2,5 = 0
-65,6293+ S1*1,25+65,6303 = 0
S1 = -0,0013 kg (Tekan)
% kesalahan =

(0,0013 -0,0013)

0,0013

* 100% = 0 %
0 % < 3 % OK !!!

MF = 0
VA*1,667-S4*0,963-HA*0,963+ Wi*cos 30*0,963+ Wi*cos 30*1,667 = 0
-43,7616-S4*0,963 -43,7472+14,5808+43,7625 = 0
S4 = -30,3127 kg (Tekan)
% kesalahan =

(30,3125-30,3127)

30,3125

a.

* 100% = 0,0007 %
0,0007 % < 3 % OK !!!

Perhitungan gaya batang akibat muatan tetap dengan metode titik simpul
Titik simpul A
S1 sin

V = 0
18

VA-P1-P3+S1*sin = 0
S1

2233,5-752-81-S1*0,5= 0

P1

S1 = -2801 kg (Tekan)
30

S4

H = 0
S4-S1*cos = 0

P3

VA = 2233,5 kg

S4-2425,7372 =0
S4 = 2425,7372 kg (Tarik)

b.

Titik simpul F
S2 sin

S2

P2

S1 cos

30

S2 cos

S6
S6 sin

0,963 m

S1

0,833
Tan = 0,963/0,933 = = 49,1106

= 49,1106
V = 0
-S1*sin 30-P2+S2*sin -S6*sin = 0
+1400,5-752+S2*0,5-S6* 0,7560 = 0
S2*0,5-S6*0,7560 = -648,5 .(1)
H = 0
-S1*cos 30+S6*cos +S2*cos 30+2425,7372+S1*0,6546+S2*0,866 = 0
S2*0,866+S6*0,6546 = -2425,7372 kg
S2*0,866-S6*0,7560 = -2425,7372 .(2)
Diperoleh

: S2 = -2299,7705 kg (Tekan)

19

S6 = -663,2080 kg (Tekan)

c.
S7
S6

S6 sin

S6 cos

S7 sin

S4

S7 cos
S5

P4
= 66,6016
= 49,1106
V = 0
S6*sin +S7*sin -P4 = 0
-663,2080*sin 49,1106+S7*sin 49,1106-162 = 0
-501,3684+S7*0,7560-162 = 0
S7 = 877,4714 kg (Tarik)
H = 0
S1*cos +S5-S4-S6 cos = 0
574,3936+S5-2425,7372+434,1366 = 0
S5 = 1417,207 kg (Tarik)

20

d.
S3 sin

S3

P2

S2 cos

S7 cos

S8 cos

1,667 m
S3 cos

S8

1,925 m

S8 sin
S7 sin
S2

S2 sin
Tan = 1,925/1,667 = = 49,1083

V = 0
-P2+S3*sin -S7*sin +S8 sin -S2 sin = 0
-463+S3*0,5-805,3132-S8*0,7559+1149,8853 = 0
S3*0,5-S8*0,7559 = 118,4279 ..(1)
H = 0
S3*cos +S8*cos -S7*cos -S2*cos = 0
S3*0,866+S8*0,6546-574,3936+1991,6597 = 0
S3*0,866-S8*0,6546 = -1417,2661 ..(2)
Diperoleh

: S2 = -1012,098 kg (Tekan)
S6 = -826,1369 kg (Tekan)_

21

e.
P4 = 463 kg
S3 cos

S3 cos
30

30
S3sin

S3

S3

S3 sin
S9

V = 0

H = 0

-P2+S3*sin -S3*sin S9 = 0

-S3*cos +S3,*cos = 0

-463-S3*0,5+506,0490-S9 = 0

876,5026+S3*0,866 = 0

-S9-S3-0,5 = -43,0490 .(1)

S3 = -1417,2661 (Tekan)

Subtitusikan ke pers (1)

-S9+1012,1277*0,5 = -43,049
-S9+506,0639+43,049 = 0
S9 = 549,1129 kg (Tarik)
Daftar gaya batang akibat muatan tetap
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Batang
S1=S1
S2=S2
S3=S3
S4=S4
S5=S5

Tarik
2425,7372
1417,207

Tekan
2801
2299,7705
1012,1277
22

6.
7.
8.
9.

S6=S6
S7=S7
S8=S8
S9

877,4714
549,1129

663,2080
826,1369
-

Perhitungan gaya batang akibat muatan angin kiri dengan metode titik simpul

a.

Titik simpul A
S1 sin

V = 0

Wt

S1

VA- Wt cos +S1*sin = 0

Wt cos

-0,0005-13,1262+S1*0,5= 0
S1 = 26,2534 kg (Tarik)

HA

30

S4

Wt sin

S1 cos
VA = -0,0005 kg

H = 0
S4+S1*cos+ Wt sin -HA= 0
S4+22,7361+7,5784-45,4703 =0
S4 = 15,1558 kg (Tarik)

b.

Titik simpul F
S2 sin

S2

Wt cos
Wt
S1 cos

S6 cos

S2 cos

S6
S1 sin
S1
= 49,1106
V = 0

23

S2*sin 30-Wt cos 30 -S6*sin -S1*sin = 0

S2*0,5-26,2523-S6* 0,7560-13,1267 = 0
S2*0,5-S6*0,7560 = -39,3790 ..(1)
H = 0
S2*cos 30+S6*cos +Wt sin -S1*cos = 0
S2*0,866+S6*0,6545+15,1568-22,7361 = 0
S2*0,866+S6*0,6545 = 7,5793 ..(2)
Diperoleh

: S2 = -20,4121 kg (Tekan)
S6 = 38,5886 kg (Tarik)

c.
S6

S6 sin
S7 sin

S4

S7

S6 cos

S5
S7 cos

= 66,6016
= 49,1106
V = 0
S6*sin +S7*sin = 0
29,1719+S7*0,9178 = 0
-501,3684+S7*0,7560-162 = 0
S7 = -29,1708 kg (Tekan)
H = 0
S5+S7*cos -S6 cos S4 = 0

24

S5-11,5844-25,2601-15,1558 = 0
S5 = 52,0003 kg (Tarik)

d.
S3 sin
Wt

S3

Wt cos

Wt cos
S2 cos

S7 cos

S8 cos

S3 cos
S8

S7

S8 sin
S7 sin

S2

S2 sin

= 49,1083
V = 0
S3*sin -Wt cos -S8 sin -S7*sin -S2 sin = 0
S3*0,5-26,2523-S8*0,7559+26,7720+10,2061 = 0
S3*0,5-S8*0,7559 = -10,7258 ..(1)
H = 0
Wt sin -S2*cos -S7*cos +S8*cos +S3*sin = 0
15,1568+20,4121+11,5844+S8*0,6546+S3*0,866 = 0
S3*0,866+S8*0,6546 = -47,1533 .(2)
Diperoleh

: S2 = -43,4503 kg (Tekan)
S6 = -14,5513 kg (Tekan)

25

e.
Wi cos
Wt

Wi

Wt cos

S3 cos

S3 cos

S3sin
S3

Wi sin

S3

S3 sin

S9
V = 0
Wi cos -Wt cos S3*sin - S3*sin = 0
26,2523-13,1262-8,5993-21,7252-S9 = 0
S9 = -17,1984 kg (Tekan)
H = 0
Wi sin + S3*cos +Wt cos S3*cos = 0
15,1568- S3*0,866+7,5784-37,6291 = 0
S3 = 17,1985 kg (Tarik)

26

f.
S9
S8
S8 sin

S8

S8 sin
S5

S8 cos

S5

S8 cos
= 49,1083
= 49,1083
V = 0
S9+S8*sin -S8 sin = 0
-17,1984+S8*0,7559+11 = 0
S8 = 8,2 kg (Tarik)
H = 0
S5+S8*cos S5 = 0
S5+5,3680-9,5257-52,0003 = 0
S5 = 56,1580 kg (Tarik)

27

g.
S3

S3 sin
Wi cos

S3 cos

S8 cos

Wi

Wi sin S7 cos

S2 cos

S8
S8 sin
S2 sin

S7 sin

S2

S7

= 66,6016
= 49,1083
V = 0
S3*sin +Wi cos -S8 sin S2*sin - S7*sin = 0
13,0012+52,5045-6,1988- S2*0,7559-S7*0,9178 = 0
-S2*0,7559-S7*0,9178 = -59,3069..(1)
H = 0
S2*cos +S7*cos + Wi sin - S8 cos S3*cos = 0
S2*0,6546+S7*0,3971+30,3135- 5,380-11,2587 = 0
S2*0,6546+S7*0,3971 = -13,6869 ..(2)
Diperoleh

: S2 = -120,1252 kg (Tekan)
S7 = 163,5536 kg (Tarik)

28

h.
S6 sin

S6

S7 sin
S5

S6 cos

S4

S7 cos
= 66,6016
= 49,116
V = 0
S5*sin -S7*sin = 0
S6*0,7560-150,1039 = 0
S6 = 198,5501 kg (Tarik)
H = 0
S4+S6*cos +S7*cos -S5 = 0
S4+129,9569+64,9508-56,1580 = 0
S4 = -138,7497 kg (Tekan)

29

i.
S1 sin

V = 0

S1

S1*sin +Wi*sin -26,2517 = 0

Wi
Wi cos

S1*0,5+26,2523-26,2517 = 0
S1 = -0,0012 kg (Tekan)

S4

Wi sin
S1 cos
26,2517 kg
Daftar gaya batang akibat muatan angin kiri

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

a.

Batang
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8

Tarik
26,2534
15,1558
52,0003
38,5885
17,1985
56,1580
198,5501
163,5536
8,2

Tekan
20,4121
43,4503
29,1708
14,5513
17,1984
0,0012
120,1252
138,7494
-

Perhitungan gaya batang akibat muatan angin kanan dengan metode titik simpul
Titik simpul A
30

S1 sin

V = 0
S1

Wi

S1*sin + Wi cos + VA = 0

Wi cos

S1*0,5+26,2523-26,2517= 0
S1 = -0,0013 kg (Tekan)

HA

30

S4

Wi sin

S1 cos

H = 0
S4+S1*cos- Wi sin +HA= 0

VA

S4-0,001-15,1568+45,4703 =0
S4 = -30,3125 kg (Tekan)

b.

Titik simpul F
S2 sin

S2

Wi cos
Wi
S1 cos

S6 cos
Wi sin

S2 cos

S6
S6 sin
S1 sin

S1
= 49,1106
V = 0
S2*sin 30+Wi cos 30 -S6*sin -S1*sin = 0
S2*0,5+52,5045-S6* 0,7560+0,0007 = 0
S2*0,5-S6*0,7560 = -52,5052 ..(1)

H = 0
-S1*cos -Wi sin +S6*cos + S2*0,886 = 0

31

0,0011-30,3135+S6*0,6545+S2*0,866= 0
S2*0,866+S6*0,6545 = 30,3124 ..(2)
Diperoleh

: S2 = -11,6590 kg (Tekan)
S6 = 61,7404s kg (Tarik)

c.
S6

S6 sin
S7 sin

S4

S7

S6 cos

S5
S7 cos

= 66,6016
= 49,1106
V = 0
S6*sin +S7*sin = 0
46,6742+S7*0,9178 = 0
-501,3684+S7*0,7560-162 = 0
S7 = -50,8544 kg (Tekan)
H = 0
S5+S7*cos S4-S6 cos = 0
S5-20,1954+30,3125-40,4153 = 0
S5 = 30,2982 kg (Tarik)

d.

32

S3 sin
Wi

S3

Wi cos

Wi cos
S2 cos

S7 cos

30

30

S8 cos
S3 cos
S8

S7

S8 sin
S7 sin

S2

S2 sin

= 66,6016
= 49,1083
V = 0
S3*sin +Wi cos -S8 sin -S7*sin -S2 sin = 0
S3*0,5+52,5045-S8*0,7559+46,6724-8,8136 = 0
S3*0,5-S8*0,7559 = -90,3633 ..(1)
H = 0
S3*cos+ S8*cos -S7*cos -Wi sin -S2*cos = 0
S3*0,0,6546+ S8*0,7314+20,1954-30,3135-7,6323 = 0
S3*0,6546+S8*0,6546 = -47,1533 .(2)
Diperoleh

: S2 = -61,2126503 kg (Tekan)
S6 = -79,0541 kg (Tarik)

e.

33

 Wi

Wi cos
Wt
Wt cos

S3 cos

Wi sin

S3 cos
S3sin

S3

Wt sin

S3

S3 sin

S9
V = 0
Wi cos -Wt cos -S3*sin S3*sin -S9 = 0
26,2523- 13,1262+8,7297+30,6063 = 0
S9 = 52,4621 kg (Tarik)
H = 0
S3*sin - Wt sin -Wi sin S3*sin = 0
S3*0,866-7,5784-30,3135+53,0117 = 0
S3 = -17,4594 kg (Tekan)
f.
S8

S9
S8 sin
S8 sin

S5

S8

S8 cos

S5

S8 cos
= = 49,1083
V = 0

34

S9+S8*sin +S8 sin = 0

52,4621+S9*0,7608+S8*0,7559 = 0
S8 = -148,4626 kg (Tekan)
H = 0
S5+S8*cos -S8 cos S5 = 0
S5-97,1883-51,7513-30,2982 = 0
S5 = 179,2378 kg (Tarik)
g.
S3

S3 sin
Wt cos

S8 cos

S3 cos

Wt

Wt sin

S7 cos

S2 cos

S8 sin
S2 sin

S2

S7 sin
S8

S7

S8 sin

= 66,6016
= 49,1083
V = 0
S3*sin +Wt cos - S7*sin - S2*sin -S8 sin = 0
-13,1984-26,2523-S7*0,9178- S2*0,7559-112,2301 = 0
-S2*0,7559-S7*0,9178 = 151,6808..(1)
H = 0
S2*cos +S7*cos - Wt sin - S3*cos -S8 cos = 0

35

S2*0,6546+S7*0,3971-15,1568+11,4295-97,1883 = 0
S2*0,6546+S7*0,3971 = 100,9156 ..(2)
Diperoleh

: S2 = 508,4517 kg (Tarik)
S7 = -584,0264 kg (Tekan)

h.
S7

S7 sin
S6
S6 sin

S5

S6 cos

S4

S7 cos
= 66,6016
= 49,116
V = 0
S7*sin +S6*sin = 0
-441,5091+S6*0,7560 = 0
S6 = 584,0068 kg (Tarik)
H = 0
S4+S6*cos +S7*cos -S5 = 0
S4+382,2914-382,3042-179,2378 = 0
S4 = 179,2506 kg (Tarik)

i.
S1 sin

V = 0

36

S1

S1*sin -Wt*cos = 0
Wt
Wt cos

S4

S1*0,5-13,1262 = 0
S1 = 26,2523 kg (Tarik)

Wt sin

S1 cos

Daftar gaya batang akibat muatan angin kanan

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Batang
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8

Tarik
30,2982
61,7404
79,0541
52,4621
26,2523
508,4517
179,2506
179,2378
584,0068
-

Tekan
0,0013
11,6590
61,2126
30,3125
50,8544
17,454
584,0264
148,4626

37

No. Batang
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5

Muatan tetap
Muatan angin kiri
Tarik (kg) Tekan (kg) Tarik (kg) Tekan (kg)
2801
26,2334
2299,7750
20,4121
2425,732 1012,1277
43,4503
1417,207
15,1558
52,0003
877,4714 663,2080
38,5885
29,1708
549,1129 826,1369
14,5513
17,1984
2801
0,0012
2299,7750
120,1252
1012,1277 17,1985
2425,732
138,7497
1417,207
56,1580
-

Muatan angin kanan

Tarik (kg) Tekan (kg)
0,0013
11,6590
61,2126
30,3125
30,2982
61,7404
50,8544
79,0541
52,4621
26,2523
508,4517
17,4594
179,2506
179,2378
-

Muatan tetap + angin kanan Muatan angin tetap + angin kiri

Tarik (kg)
Tekan (kg)
Tarik (kg)
Tekan (kg)
2801,001
2774,747
2311,4995
2320,1826
1073,3403
1055,578
2395,427
2440,8930
1447,502
1469,2073
601,4676
624,6195
826,6170
848,3006
747,0828
840,6882
601,5750
531,9145
2774,7477
2801,0012
1791,3188
2419,6957
1029,8571
994,9292
2604,088
2286,9875
1596,448
1473,3650
-

Beban Ekstrim
Tarik (kg)
Tekan (kg)
2801,0012
2320,1826
1073,3403
2440,8930
1469,2073
624,6095
848,3006
840,6882
601,5750
2801,0012
2419,8957
1029,5871
2604,9878
1596,4448
-

S6

663,2080

198,5501

584,0068

79,2012

464,6579

464,6579

S7

877,4714

163,5536

584,0264

293,4450

1041,0250

1041,0250

S8

826,1369

8,2

148,4626

974,5995

817,9369

974,5995

Gaya batang ekstrim yang digunakan untuk desain : S1,S2,S3,S1,S2,S3 = 2801,0012 kg,S4,S5,S4,S5 = 2604,9878 kg ,S6,S7,S8,S6,S7,S8' = 1041,0250 kg,S9 = 601,0250 kg

38

BAB II
DIMENSI BATANG
A.

Batang atas (Batang 1,2,3,3,2,61,)

Gaya maksimum ~ P = PK = 2801,0012 kg (Tekan)

L = LK = 1,925 m ~ 192,5 cm
Misalnya digunakan kayu 10/14
Kontrol terhadap tekuk
Ix = 1/12*b.h = 1/12*10*143 = 2286,67 cm4
Ix = 1/12*b3.h = 1/12*103*14 = 1167
Ix =

Iy =

cm4

= 4,04 cm

= 2,89 cm

Iy < Ix ~ diambil yang terkecil : Iy = I min = 2,89 cm

=

LK
=
I min

192,5 cm = 66,61 ~ 67 cm
2,89 cm

= 67 max = 150 (PKKI 1961).............OK !!!

Untuk = 67 ~ Faktor tekuk () = 1,81 (PKKI 1961)
tk // = P*w/F br = 2801,0012 *1,81/10*14 = 36,21 kg/cm 2
tk // = 36,21 cm 2 < tr // = 106,5 kg/cm 2 (Aman)
Jadi batang atas menggunakan 10/14 memenuhi syarat (Aman)
B.

Batang Bawah (Batang 4,5,4,5)

Gaya maksimum ~ P = PK = 2604,9878 kg (Tarik)

L = LK = 2,5 m ~ 250 cm
tr // = 106,5 kg/cm 2
Misal digunakan kayu 10/14
Syarat agar aman :
F = 10*14= 140 >F bruto
p

tr // = F netto = F netto =

tr //

F bruto = F netto + F perlu

F perlu = 25% F netto ~ F bruto = 1,25*F netto

39

F bruto = 1,25*P/ tr // = 1,25*2604,878/106,25 = 30,647 cm2

F = 140 > F bruto = 30,647 cm2 ..Aman !!!
Jadi kayu 10/14 memenuhi syarat (Aman)
C.

Batang vertikal (Batang 9)

Gaya maksimum ~ P = PK = 601,5750 kg (Tarik)

tr // = 106,5 kg/cm 2
Misal digunakan kayu 10/14
F bruto = 1,25*P/ tr // = 1,25*601,5750/106,25 = 7,007 cm2
F = 140 > F bruto = 7,007 cm2 ..Aman !!!
Jadi kayu 10/14 memenuhi syarat (Aman)
D.

Batan Diagonal (Batang 6,7,8,8,7,6)

Gaya maksimum ~ P = PK = 1041,0250 kg (Tarik)

L = LK = 2,546 m ~ 254,6 cm
tr // = 106,5 kg/cm 2
Kontrol terhadap tekuk
Ix = 1/12*b.h = 1/12*10*143 = 2286,67 cm4
Ix = 1/12*b3.h = 1/12*103*14 = 1167
Ix =

Iy =

cm4

= 4,04 cm

= 2,89 cm

Iy < Ix ~ diambil yang terkecil : Iy = I min = 2,89 cm

= LK/ I min = 254,6/2,89 = 88,10 cm~ 88 cm
= 88 cm ~ Faktor tekuk () = 2,42 (PKKI 1961)
tk // = P*w/F br = 1041,0250 *2,42/10*14 = 17,995 kg/cm 2
tk // = 17,995 cm 2 < tr // = 106,5 kg/cm 2 (Aman)
Jadi kayu 10/14 untuk batang diagonal memenuhi syarat (Aman)

40

BAB III
PERHITUNGAN SAMBUNGAN

Kayu yang digunakan : Kelas II

Sifat beban yang bekerja

Dari buku PKKI 1961 terdapat ketentuan untuk kelas II mutu B

: Beban hidup + angin

ds// = tr// = 106,25 kg/cm2

ds// = 31,25 kg/cm2
// = 15 kg/cm2

Digunakan sambungan paku sebagai berikut :

1.

Plat sambungan ukuran 2 x 3/12

2.

Ukuran paku 4 BWE 8 (42/102) untuk sambungan tampang 2

3.

Kekuatan paku (P) = 94 kg

4.

Kekuatan paku (P) untuk sambungan tampang 2 :

P = 2 x P = 2 x 94 = 188 kg

a.

Sambungan titik buhul A

S1

S1 = 2801,0012 kg (Tekan)
S4 = 2440,8930 kg (Tarik)

S4
A

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S1/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 2801,0012/188*(5/4)
= 2801,0012/235
= 11,9192 ~ 12 paku (Masing-masing sisi 6 paku)

Jarak-jarak paku
5d =5*(0,42 cm) = 2,1 cm ~ 2,1*cos 30 = 1,8187 cm ~ 2 cm
12d = 12*(0,42 cm)* cos 30 = 4,3648 ~ 5 cm
10d = 10*(0,42 cm)* cos 30 = 3,6374 ~ 4 cm
41

b.

Sambungan titik buhul F

F

S2

S1 = 2801,0012 kg (Tekan)

S1

S2 = 2320,1826 kg (Tekan)
S6

S6 = 624,6195 kg (Tekan)

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S6/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 624,6195 /188*(5/4)
= 624,6195 /235
= 2,6580 ~ 4 paku (Masing-masing sisi 2 paku)

c.

Sambungan titik buhul C

S4 = 2440,8930 kg (Tarik)
S6

S7

S5 = 1469,2073 kg (Tarik)
S6 = 624,6195 kg (Tekan)
S7 =

S4 C

848,3006 kg (Tekan)

S5

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S7/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 848,3006/188*(5/4)
= 848,3006 /235
= 3,6098 ~ 4 paku (Masing-masing sisi 2 paku)

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S6/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 624,6195 /188*(5/4)
= 624,6195 /235
= 2,6580 ~ 4 paku (Masing-masing sisi 2 paku)

d.

Sambungan titik buhul G

G

S3

S2 = 2320,1826 kg (Tekan)

42

S2

S3 = 1073,3403 kg (Tekan)
S8

S7 =

848,3006 kg (Tekan)

S8 =

840,6862 kg (Tekan)

S7

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S8/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 840,6862/188*(5/4)
= 840,6862/235
= 3,5774 ~ 4 paku (Masing-masing sisi 2 paku)

Hubungan antara S7 dengan S2 dan S3

n = S7/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 848,3006/188*(5/4)
= 848,3006/235
= 3,6098 ~ 4 paku (Masing-masing sisi 2 paku)

e.

Sambungan titik buhul H

H
S3

S3 = 1073,3403 kg (Tekan)
S3

S9

S3 = 1029,5871 kg (Tekan)
S9 =

601,5750 kg (Tekan)

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S3/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 1029,5871/188*(5/4)
= 1029,5871/235
= 4,3812 ~ 6 paku (Masing-masing sisi 3 paku)

Hubungan antara S9 dengan S3 dan S3

n = S3/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 1073,3403/188*(5/4)
= 1073,3403/235
= 4,5674 ~ 6 paku (Masing-masing sisi 3 paku)

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f.

Sambungan titik buhul D

S5 = 1469,2073 kg (Tarik)
S9

S8 = 840,6862 kg (Tekan)

S8

S8
S5

S5

S9 =

601,5750 kg (Tekan)

S8 =

840,6882 kg (Tekan)

S5 = 1596,4448 kg (Tarik)

Hubungan antara S5 dengan S5

n = S8/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 840,6882/188*(5/4)
= 840,6882/235
= 3,5774 ~ 4 paku (Masing-masing sisi 2 paku)

g.

Sambungan titik buhul B

S1

S4 = 2604,9878 kg (Tarik)
S1 = 2801,0012 kg (Tekan)

S4
B

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S1/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 2801,0012/188*(5/4)
= 2801,0012/235
= 11,9192 ~ 12 paku (Masing-masing sisi 6 paku)

h.

Sambungan titik buhul J

S2
J

S1 = 2801,0012 kg (Tekan)
S1

S6

S2 = 2419,8957 kg (Tekan)
S6 = 464,6579 kg (Tekan)

44

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S6/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 464,6579/188*(5/4)
= 464,6579/235
= 1,9773 ~ 2 paku (Masing-masing sisi 1 paku)

i.

Sambungan titik buhul E

S7
S6

S4 = 2604,9878 kg (Tarik)
S5 = 1596,4448 kg (Tarik)
S6 = 464,6579 kg (Tekan)

S5

S4

S7 = 1041,0250 kg (Tarik)

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S7/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 1041,0205/188*(5/4)
= 1041,0205/235
= 4,429 ~ 6 paku (Masing-masing sisi 3 paku)

j.

Sambungan titik buhul I

S3

S2 = 2419,8957 kg (Tekan)
I

S3 = 1029,5871 kg (Tekan)
S2

S8

S7

S7 = 1041,0250 kg (Tarik)
S8 = 974,5995 kg (Tekan)

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S7/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 1041,0250/188*(5/4)
= 1041,0250/235
= 4,4299 ~ 6 paku (Masing-masing sisi 3 paku)

Jumlah paku yang diperlukan (n)

n = S8/P (Koefisien muatan tetap + angin)
= 974,5995/188*(5/4)
= 974,5995/235
= 4,14729 ~ 6 paku (Masing-masing sisi 3 paku

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