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Europa

Titon
Tritan
Enceladus

Name
Moon

Name
Callisto
Europa
Ganymede
Io

Name
Charon
Nix
Hydra

Year discovered
prehistory

Year discovered
1610
1610
1610
1610

Year discovered
1978
2005
2005

Discoverer
prehistory

Discoverer
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo

Discoverer
J. Christy
H.A. Weaver
H.A. Weaver

Earth's Moons
Distance from Planet (km)
384,400

Diameter (km)
3476

Europa
Iapetus
Ceres
Iapetus
Titan
Ceres
Triton
Enceladus
Orbital Period (days)
27.322

Jupiter's Moons*
Distance from Planet (km)
Diameter (km)
Orbital Period (days)
188300
4800
16.689
There are 63 moons of Jupiter, but only the most famous ones were listed here.
670900
3126
3.551
Saturn's Moons*
5276
7.155 Period (days)
Name Year1070000
discovered Discoverer Distance
from
Planet (km) Diameter (km) Orbital
Mars'
Moons
421600
3629
1.769 0.602
Atlas Year discovered
1980
R. Terrile Distance from
137640
37 (km) Orbital
Name
Discoverer
Planet (km) Diameter
Period (days)
Mimas
1789
Herschel
185520
392
.942
Deimos
1877
A. Hall
23,460
16x12x10
1.263
Enceladus
1789
Herschel
238020
444
1.370
Phobos
1877
A.
Hall
9,270
28x23x2
.319
Tethys
1684
G. Cassini
294660
1060
1.888
Dione
1684
Cassini
377400
1120
2.737
Rhea
1672
G. Cassini
527040
1520
4.518
Titan
1655
C. Huygens
1221850
5150
15.945
Hyperion
1848
Bond
1481100
410x260x220
21.277
Iapetus
1671
Cassini
3561300
1436
79.330
Pluto's Moons
Phoebe
1898
Pickering
12952000
220
550.56
Distance from Planet (km)
Diameter (km)
Orbital Period (days)
*Most Known
19571
1207
6.387
48675
137
42.856
64780
167
38.206

Newton's Laws of Motion and Gravitational Attraction

An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an outside force. An object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an outside force.

F=ma. Force equals mass times acceleration.

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Law of Gravitational Attraction

Every object attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.

Where,

F is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the two point masses,

G is the gravitational constant,

m1 is the mass of the first point mass,

m2 is the mass of the second point mass, and

r is the distance between the two point masses.


Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
1. The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at a focus.
2. A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
3. The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the
semi-major axis of its orbit.
Escape Velocity
Escape Velocity is the velocity something must reach in order to escape the gravitational pull
of a planet. You can calculate the escape velocity using this formula:
Where, Ev is the escape velocity, M is the mass (in km) of the planet, G is the gravitational constant (equal to),
and R is equal to the radius of your planet in meters.
Tidal locking- when one side of an astronomical object always faces another astronomical body. For example, the
Moon takes just as long to rotate one time as it does to revolve around Earth one time. Two objects of a similar size
(like Pluto and Charon) may both become tidally locked to each other.
Shepherding- Where a moon orbits near the edge of a ring, using its gravitational pull to keep the ring's particles in
a tight band and prevent them from spreading out too much.

South Pole of Enceledus

S.P.of Mars

Mars
N.P.

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