:1

:
(

( Adnosine Triphosphate

) ATP
:

+ ADP + Pi

ATP

ATP
.

( calvin

. ATP
:
ATP

:
(...
.(

)
)
-

:
:
1

:
:1

1
(10g/L)
5ml
) EXAO

30
(1
:
(

(2
)
0.1 ml

t1
.5 %
.

2
:

.
.
.
.

:
. ( Fermentation lactique ) :

.2

:2
Ph

5.8

.250 ml
)

5.6

EXAO
)

45.

ph

( co2

25.

15

ph
.3

(40C)
EXAO

( s)

150 300 450 600

:
ph

( 40C )

15
.

Acide
.

lactique

Fermentation alcoolique :

.1

:3
4

( 5g/L )
.( 37 C )
:
co2
.
)
.( 5

.
:

(
3

. CO2

C6H12O6

2CH3

CHOH - COOH

(Ethanol)

. CO2
C6H12O6

2CH3

CH2OH + 2CO2
:

:
(

) Arobie

:
C6H12O6 + 6O2
(

o
CO2

.
C6H12O6

(
2CH3

6CO2 + 6H2O +
) Anarobie
)
CHOH COOH +

C6H12O6

2CH3

CH2OH+ 2CO2 +

.
(4
(

):

)
(

H2O CO2
.

1
-

CO2
.

2
.
2

C2H5OH
(

(
(

(Mitochondries)
.

.
(2

O2

3-I

CO2+H2O

(
.

.(glycolyse)

:
.
.

6
(

GLUCOSE

C6H12O6

Glucose 6-phosphate

6C

Fructose 6-phosphate

6C

6C

ATP
ADP

ATP
ADP

6C

Fructose 1, 6-diphosphate

3-phosphoglycraldhyde

2
2

3C

Pi

2
2

ADP

ATP
2

ADP

ATP

3-phosphoglycrate

3C

2-phosphoglycrate

3C

Phosphonolpyruvate

3C

Pyruvate 2CH3COCOOH

+H

3C

1, 3-diphosphoglycrate

NAD+
NADH

3C

: 6

(
:
:
. ATP
:
.(

2)

( NAD =

)
. Nicotinamide adnine dinuclotide )
NADH + H
NAD+
.
+

NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e:

NADH + H+
6

:
ADP
ADP

. ATP

( Acide pyruvique CH3COCOOH )

.(NADH + H+)

.
:
C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+

2CH5COCOOH + 2ATP + 2(NADH+H+)

ATP

.
:
.7
1

:7
ph=7.4
.
.
.(1

culot

EXAO
)
t1
t2
.
:
.

O2
O2

(1
(2
(3
(4

:
(1

t1
.

t1
.

(2
:

(3

(4
.

.
:
:
( glycolyse ) .

.
.
:
8

:
:8

=1
=2
=3

.
.
.

=5 . ADN = 4 .

=3.

=2.

=1:

(
. ( crtes )

matrice )

10
.

= :9

:10
.

.80 %
20 %

.P

.
ADP

.62 %
38 %

.
.
ATP

ATP

:
.
ATP
. ( sphre pdoncule )

(11

):

NADH2
KREBS CO2
FADH2
ATP

(CoAH) A

NAD+
NADH2

CO2
A
A

(C4)

(C6)

NADH2

NAD

NAD
NADH2

(C4)

KREBS

FADH2

FAD

CO2
(C5)

(C4)

NAD+
(C4)

ATP
ADP+P

NADH2

CO2

11 7-I

.
:
.(

)A
.KREBS
KREBS

:
:

.
: KREBS
.(
(FAD

) CO2

NAD )
.(FADH2 NADH2)
:ADP
(P
)
ADP + P

)
ATP

ATP
:

CH3-CO-COOH + 4NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 3H2O ----------> 4NADH2 + ATP + 3CO2 + FADH2

. FADH2
:

10

(NADH+H+)

13
.

12

(
H

:12

O2/H2O
.

NADH+H+/NAD+

. FADH2 (NADH+H+)
.
+
H

FAD+ NAD+

.
. ( la chane respiratoire )

11

NAD+/NADH+H+
.O2/H2O
H

:
:

a
:1

O2
H+

. O2

. 14
: 14
+

O2

:2
. 15

ATP
( ATP

12

: 15

ATP
:

O2

.(

b
:1
H+
) H+
H+

pH )

( PH
(FADH2 ,

(TH2)
:
TH2

O2

---------------------------> T + 2H+
O2
H+

O2

NADH2)
2 e-

:
1/2 O2

2H+

2 e-

----------------------->
:

TH2

1/2 O2

H2O

O2

------------------>

H2O
:2

(ATP

ATP
H

ADP

a
.Synthtase)

.
ATP

b
H

ATP
ATP Synthtase

ADP + Pi +

ADP

ATP
:

.FADH2 NADH2 :
.
.

O2/H2O
.

H+
.
H+

.
:

13

.L ADP
)

12TH2

34ADP

ADP + P
L ATP
FADH2 NADH2

+ 6 O2

------------------>

34Pi

.L ATP

12T

------------------>

.
+ 12H2O

34ATP

H2O

:
NADH2
FADH2

(3)
.ATP (2)

).

(16

IV

2ADP+2Pi 2 ATP

16

2
C6H1206
2CH3- CO- COOH
2CH3-CHOH-COOH
2NAD+ 2NADH2
2NADH2 2NAD+
2

.NAD+

NADH2

ATP
NAD+

.
.

V
:
:

ATP

ATP

ATP

**

2
4

2
2

ATP
NADH2

**

:A

ATP

2x
ATP

30

ATP

36

ATP

ATP
ATP

1
9
2

ATP

NADH2
FADH2

1
3
1

NADH
FADH
.3ATP

10-I
17
:

NADH2

:KREBS

15

14

2 ATP

.L ATP

36
:

.L ATP
:
2840Kj/mole

18
11-I

107Kj

2840Kj/mole

1740Kj

36

ATP

30,5x2=61 Kj

2672Kj

ATP

0Kj
6CO2+6H2O

30,5x36=1098 Kj

:
0Kj/mole: H2O ; CO2
1336Kj/mole:
L'ATP
*
KJ
-1
ATP
r
*
:r
:E
r= E' x100
E
:E'
-2

:30,5KJ
.
:
ATP

:
.
:
r= E' x100
E
= 61 x100
2840
=2,14%

E' x100
E
= 1098 x100
2840
= 38,66%

r=

15

1
2

- 4-

:L'ATP
:

C6H1206

C6H1206

2ADP+2Pi

2ADP+2Pi
2ATP

2ATP
2NAD+
2NADH2

2NAD+
2NADH2

2NADH2
2NAD+
2ADP+2Pi

KREBS

NADH2
FADH2

2ATP
CO2

NAD
FAD

O2
H20
32ADP+2Pi
.

32ATP

:
ATP

.
:

ATP
.
.C02, H2O :

:
.(
ATP

)
ATP

ADP+P
(...

1912-I

L'ATP

16

13-I
.

:
.
1:

(1)C

(1)

(1)

(2) ADP+(2)Pi
2

(2)

11

5
(2)

CoA

(2)

10 (1)
CO2 CoA

(2)
(2) C

(1)

(2)

(2)
(2) C

12

(2) CO2

b
c
d
e

(2)

()

(1) ATP
(1) ADP+P
15
H2O

17
+

(3)

16 (1)

14

(1)FADH2

(3)

:
C
+

21
22

18
H+
H+

23

26
+

27

19
24

28

H+

20
H+

25

ADP+P

:
:

O2

17

13

13-I
.

:
.
(1) C H12O6 1 :

()
(1)

(1) NADH2

(2) ADP+(2)Pi
2

(1) (NAD++H+)

(2) ATP 3

10 (1)
CO2 CoA

(2)(NAD++H+) 4

11

(2) NADH2 5
(2)

(2) CH3 CO COOH

(2)NADH2
(2)(NAD++H+)

CoA

b
c
d
e

(2)
(2) CH3 CHOH COOH

12

(2) CO2

KREBS

(1) ATP
(1) ADP+P

+ +
16 (1) (FAD++H+) (3)(NAD +H )

H2O

14

1/2O2+2H+ (1) FADH2

C H12O6 21
+
6O2
22

(2)
26
27 2CH3 CHOH COOH
28

+
2ATP

(3)NADH2

17

:
C H12O6

13

15

18
(

H+

H+

H+

6CO2 23
+
6H2O 24

19
20

+
36ATP 25

ATP

H+

ADP+P

:
:
O2

O2

+
36ATP

2ATP
:

H2O+CO2 :

18

O2