Answers to worksheet – particulate model of matter

MCQ

1) B They are further apart than those in a solid.

2) D Mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature
3) A When water evaporates, the surface molecules are being
hit out of the liquid by the moving air molecules. Very much like
a spray of water removing dirt from a car. When the air
molecules collide with the molecules of water on the surface, it
transfers energy to the molecules in the water. Some water
molecules attain enough energy to break the forces of attraction
between water molecules and escapes as gas. Hence,
evaporation only occurs to the surface of a liquid. When this
happens, some energy from the surrounding molecules also
transfers energy to the escaping molecules. This causes the
water becomes cooler and it will absorb energy from the
surroundings. (note: heat flows from hot to cold) This could be
observed when sweat evaporates to cool our body. (In humid
areas like in the middle of forests or when it is about to rain. You
can feel very warm as there is a lot of moisture in the air. Hence
our sweat cannot evaporate thus we feel very sticky and hot.)
4) B (NOTE: When something is being heated, the particles DO
NOT expand. The whole thing expands because they
vibrate/moves more.)
5) D all matter is made up of particles does not need to be
individual eg. H2O is a group of particles.
6) C In contact but still able to move freely– liquid state. Widely
spaced able to move freely – gaseous state. Liquid to gas –
evaporation or boiling.
7) A Liquid to gas below boiling point – evaporation. (eg. water
evaporates at room temperature when its boiling point is 100 oC)
8) B gas to liquid – condensation
9) C gas has more energy than liquid. So when it forms a liquid,
heat have to be given out to the surroundings.
10) A
11) a) look for the horizontal line. The lower temperature
horizontal line is always the melting point and the higher one
boiling point. Hence the answer is 55 OC.
b) 95 OC
c) Which is the melting point 55 OC
d)
55oC Liquid
Solid 95oC Gas

Whenever you have to determine the states of a substance at

a particular temperature, always draw a number line. Then
place in the value eg i) 40OC which will be before 55oC hence it
is a solid. At 70oC it is a liquid and 90oC it will also be a liquid.

12) On the table provided, just put Solid before the melting point
Liquid between melting point and boiling point and Gas after
boiling point.
a) room temperature is 25OC hence B & C
b) A , D and E
c) The particles gains energy and break the forces of attraction
between each other and turns into a gaseous state. The
particles no longer slide over one another but moves at a
distance away from each other.
d) Substance B will turn into a gas as the boiling point of water
is 100oC which is higher than the boiling point of B
e) Water
13) a) i) draw solid particles ii) gas particles
b) Phosphorus turns from a solid to a gas at 590oC
c) The ethanoic acid will turn from a liquid to a gas.
d) The movement of the particles will slow down and will end up
closer to one another.