DE CUONG On Thi THPT Quoc Gia - Nam 2015 - HOA HOC

PHN MT : CNG N THI THPT QUC GIA
LP 10
CHNG 1: NGUYN T
A. KIN THC C BN
1. Thnh phn cu to nguyn t.
m (e)
V nguyn t: gm cc ht electron mang in
Ht proton mang in d ng (p)

- Nguyn t gm 2 b phn
n
Ht nh
in (n)
Ht ntron khng mang
Vy nguyn t gm 3 loi ht c bn: p, n , e.

- V nguyn t lun trung ha in, nn trong nguyn t: s ht p = s ht e.
2. Kch thc, khi lng ca nguyn t.
Nguyn t c xem nh mt khi cu c ng knh d = 10-10m = 1 A0
Ht nhn nguyn t cng c xem nh l mt khi cu c ng knh d = 10-4
Khi lng nguyn t: mnt = mp + mn + me
V khi lng me << mp, mn mnt = mp + mn = mhn (bng khi lng ht nhn).
mnt = Z.mp + N.mn = Z + N = A (u) v mp mn 1u. (Z, N ln lt l tng s proton,
s ntron)
Khi nguyn t cho hoc nhn electron bin thnh ion th khi lng ion cng c
xem l khi lng nguyn t.
3. ng v, khi lng nguyn t trung bnh.
a) nh ngha: ng v l nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t ha hc, ngha l c
cng s proton nhng s khi khc nhau ( Z ging nhau, A khc nhau dn n N khc nhau).
b) Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ( A ) ca cc nguyn t ha hc.
ng v=A .x +A .x +... +A .x
A =Khi l ng hn h p cc
1 1
2 2
i i
Tng s nguyn t
ng v
Trong : A1, A2, , Ai l s khi ca ng v th 1, 2, i.
x 1, x2, , xi l % s lng ng v th i (hoc l s nguyn t ca ng v
th i), ly theo thp phn (x1 + x2 + + xi = 100% = 1).
VD: Trong thin nhin clo c hai ng v l
35
17
Cl chim 75% v
37
17
Cl chim 25% v s lng.
Tnh khi lng ca nguyn t Clo ?

75
25
37.
= 35,5 (u)
100
100
4. S sp xp electron trong nguyn t
a) Nguyn tc sp xp:
- Nguyn l vng bn: Cc electron ln lt chim cc mc nng lng t thp n cao
Th t tng dn mc nng lng: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 5p 4d 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s
- Nguyn l Pauli: Trong mt obitan cha ti a 2e v 2e ny c chiu t quay ngc nhau.
- Qui tc Hund: Trong mt phn lp cha s electron, cc electron c khuynh hng phn
b vo cc obitan sao cho s electron c thn trong mt phn lp nhiu nht.
b) Cu hnh electronca nguyn t biu din s phn b electron trn cc phn lp thuc cc
lp khc nhau.
Cu hnh electron cn c vit di dng lng t
Khi lng nguyn t Clo = 35.
Mi lng t biu din bng mt vung thay cho mt obitan; mi electron biu
din bng mt mi tn. Mt c 2 electron, ngi ta ni rng mt cp electron ghp
i. Nu mt ch c 1 electron th l electron c thn.
bitan trng
electron
c th
n
2
C
p electron ghp i
hoc [Ne] 3s23p3
P: Cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
13
1s2 2s2
2p6
3s2
3p3
Fe:
- S phn b e theo mc nng lng: 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s2 3d6
- Cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
hoc [Ar] 3d64s2
26
1s2 2s2
2p6
3s2
3p6
3d6
4s2
Lu : Mt s trng hp c bit , nu nguyn t c cu hnh electron lp ngoi (n-1)dansb
(n: s th t lp ngoi cng).
+ Nu a + b = 6 a = 5; b = 1.
+ Nu a + b = 11 a = 10; b = 1.
2
2
6
2
6
5
1
5
1
V d:
24Cr : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s hay [Ar] 3d 4s
2
2
6
2
6
10
1
10
1
29Cr : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s hay [Ar] 3d 4s
5. c im ca lp electron ngoi cng
i vi nguyn t ca tt c cc nguyn t, lp ngoi cng c ti a l 8 electron .
Cc nguyn t c 8 electron lp ngoi cng u rt bn vng, chng hu nh khng
tham gia vo phn ng ha hc. l cc nguyn t kh him (hay kh tr), hoc He c 2
electron lp ngoi cng cng rt bn vng.
Cc nguyn t c 1, 2, 3 electron lp ngoi cng u l nhng kim loi(tr B)
Cc nguyn t c 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng thng l nhng phi kim.
Cc nguyn t c 4 electron lp ngoi cng c th l phi kim (nu thuc chu k nh )
hoc kim loi (nu thuc chu k ln).
Cc electron lp ngoi cng quyt nh hu ht cc tnh cht ha hc ca mt nguyn
t. Do c th d on tnh cht ha hc c ban ca mt nguyn t nu bit c s phn
b electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t .
B. Bi tp minh ha
B1. Cp bit (5 cu)
Cu 1: Trong nguyn t, ht mang in l
A. electron.
B. electron v ntron C. proton v ntron D. proton v electron.
Cu 2: S khi ca nguyn t bng tng
A. s proton v ntron.
B. s proton v electron
C. s ntron, electron v proton.
D. s in tch ht nhn.
Cu 3: Nguyn t ha hc l tp hp nhng nguyn t c cng
A. s khi.
B. in tch ht nhn
C. s ntron
D. tng s proton v ntron
Cu 4: Chn cu hnh electron ng trng thi c bn?
A. D. 1s22s22p63p2.
B. 1s22s22p63s2.
C. 1s22s22p53s3 D. 1s22s22p63s13p1.
Cu 5: Phn lp s, p, d ln lt y in t (bo ha) khi c s electron l

A. 1, 3, 5.
B. 2, 4, 6.
C. 1, 2, 3.
D. 2, 8, 18.
B2. Cp hiu (5 cu)
Cu 6: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t c s hiu bng 17 l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p44s1.
B. 1s22s22p63s23d5. C. 1s22s22p63s23p5 D. 1s22s22p63s23p34s2.
2
2
3
Cu 7: Cc ion sau: 8O , 12 Mg , 13 Al bng nhau v
A. S khi
B. S ntron
C. S proton
D. S electron
2+
6
Cu 8: Cation M c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p , cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t M l
A. 1s22s22p6.
B. 1s22s22p63s1.
C. 1s22s22p63s2
D. 1s22s22p4.
Cu 9: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 56 electron v 81 ntron. K hiu nguyn t no sau
y l ca nguyn t R?
A.
137
56
137
81
B.
C.
81
56
D.
56
81
Cu 10: trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na( Z = 11) l

A. 1s22s22p53s2
B. 1s22s22p43s1
C. 1s22s22p63s2
D. 1s22s22p63s1
B3. Cp vn dng thp (5 cu)
Cu 11: Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 28, trong s
ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 8, nguyn t X l
A. O (Z=8)
B. F (Z=9)
C. Ar (Z=18)
D. K (Z=19)
Cu 12: Nguyn t nguyn t B c tng s ht c bn l 34. S ht mang in gp 1,8333 ln
s ht khng mang in. Nguyn t B l
A. Na (Z=11)
B. Mg (Z=12)
C. Al (Z=13)
D. Cl (Z=17)
Cu 13: Hp cht MX3 c tng s ht mang in l 128. Trong hp cht, s proton ca
nguyn t X nhiu hn s proton ca M l 38. CT ca hp cht trn l
A. FeCl3
B. AlCl3
C. FeF3
D. AlBr3
63
65
Cu 14: ng c hai ng v l 29Cu (chim 73%) v 29Cu (chim 27%). Nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca Cu l
A. 63,45
B. 63,54
C. 64,46
D. 64,64
Cu 15: Nguyn t X c hai ng v, ng v th nht c s khi 35 chim 75%. Nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca X l 35,5. ng v th hai c s khi l
A. 36
B. 37
C. 38
D. 39
B4. Cp vn dng cao (5 cu)
Cu 16: Mg c 3 ng v
24
12
Mg,
25
12
26
Mg, 12
Mg v Clo c hai ng v
35
17
Cl v
37
17
Cl . C bao
nhiu loi phn t khc nhau to nn t cc ng v ca hai nguyn t ?

A. 6
B. 9
C. 12
D. 10
Cu 17: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p.
Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp
ngoi cng. Nguyn t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l
A. phi kim v kim loi. B. kh him v kim loi. C. kim loi v kh him. D. kim loi v
kim loi.
Cu 18: S nguyn t c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng 4s1 l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 19: Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s
electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt
mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l

A. AlN.
B. MgO.
C. LiF.
Cu 20: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn:

l
35
17
Cl . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca
A. 8,92%
P N:
1 2 3
D A B
37
17
5
B
6
C
7
D
8
C
D. NaF.
Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li
Cl trong HClO4 l:
B. 8,43%
4
B
37
17
C. 8,56%
9
A
D. 8,79%
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D B A B B B B A C D A
CHNG 2: BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC

V NH LUT TUN HON
A. KIN THC C BN
I. Bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
1. nguyn t: mi nguyn t c xp vo mt ca bng gi l nguyn t.
Stt ca = s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t = s p = s e.
2. Chu k: Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron,
c xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn.
- Bng HTTH gm 7 chu k c nh s th t t 1 n 7 (chu k nh: 1, 2, 3; chu k ln: 4,
5, 6, 7).
Chu k
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1-2
1-2
1-6
1-2
1-6
1-2
1-10
1-6
1-2
1-10
1Cu hnh e 1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 3d 4p
5s 4d 5p
6
Z=87
Z = 110
Cha
hon
thnh
- Stt chu k = s lp electron ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong chu k = s th t lp
ngoi cng.
3. Nhm nguyn t: Nhm nguyn t l tp hp cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cu hnh
electron tng t nhau, do c tnh cht ha hc gn ging nhau v c xp thnh mt ct.
- S th t nhm = s electron ha tr ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong nhm = ha tr ca
nguyn t trong oxit cao nht. (tr 1 s trng hp ngoi l) = S electron lp ngoi cng ca
nguyn t nhm A.
- Bng h thng tun hon gm 8 nhm A (nhm chnh) v 8 nhm B (nhm ph)
+) Nhm A gm cc nguyn t m electron c mc nng lng cao nht thuc phn
lp s (nguyn t h s) hoc p (nguyn t h p). Gm IA, IIA, , VIIIIA.
+) Nhm B gm cc nguyn t m electron c mc nng lng cao nht thuc phn
lp d (nguyn t h d) hoc f (nguyn t h f). Gm IB, IIB, , VIIIB.
Lu :
- electron ha tr l nhng electron lp ngoi cu hnh bo ha (ns 2np6) hoc gi bo ha (n1)d10.
- Nu hai nguyn t X, Y thuc cng nhm A, thuc hai chu k lin tin nhau trong bng
HTTH, ta c:
S nguyn 2
t
18
18
32
ZY = ZX + 8 (chu k 2,3 hoc 3,4)

hoc ZY = ZX + 18 (chu k 4, 5 hoc 5, 6)
hoc ZY = ZX + 32 (chu k 5, 6 hoc 6, 7)
- Nguyn t cc nguyn t c s electron ha tr l 8, 9, 10 u thuc nhm VIIIB
II. Cc tnh cht bin i tun hon
1. Mt s tnh cht bin i tun hon:
a) Nng lng ion ha th nht (I 1) ca nguyn t: L nng lng ti thiu cn tch
electron th nht ra khi nguyn t trng thi c bn.
Vd:
H H+ + 1e ; H = 1312 kj/mol.
b) m in (: Khapa): m in ca nguyn t c trng cho kh nng ht electron
ca nguyn t khi hnh thnh lin kt ha hc.
c) Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim:
- Tnh kim loi: L tnh cht ca nguyn t m nguyn t ca n d nhng electron tr
thnh ion dng.
- Tnh phi kim: L tnh cht ca nguyn t m nguyn t ca n d nhn thm electron tr
thnh ion m.
2. Cc tnh cht bin i tun hon.
a) Trong mt chu k:
Chiu Z tng.
- Nng lng ion ha th nht
- Bn knh nguyn t
- m in
- Tnh phi kim
- Tnh axit ca oxit, hiroxit
- Tnh kim loi
- Tnh baz ca oxit, hiroxit
b) Theo nhm A.
- Nng lng ion ha th nht
- Bn knh nguyn t
- m in
- Tnh phi kim
- Tnh axit ca oxit, hiroxit
- Tnh kim loi
- Tnh baz ca oxit, hiroxit
Chiu Z tng
Lu :
- m in c trng cho kh nng thu electron v pha mnh khi hnh thnh lin kt ha
hc. Nguyn t nguyn t cng ht electron mnh th m in ln.
- V so snh bn knh nguyn t, ion:
+ Nguyn t, ion c cng s e: khi Z tng bn knh nguyn t gim.
+ Nguyn t, ion c cng in tch ht nhn (cng Z): s e tng bn knh nguyn t
tng.
+ Khi s lp electron tng bn knh nguyn t tng.
III. CNG THC OXIT CAO NHT, HP CHT KH VI HIRO, HIROXIT

CA CC NGUYN T TRONG BNG HTTH.
Nhm
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Hp cht vi MH
MH2
MH3
MH4
MH3
H2M
HM
hiro
rn
rn
rn
Kh
kh
kh
kh
Oxit cao nht
M2O
MO
M2O3
MO2
M2O5
MO3
M2O7
B. BI TP MINH HA
B1. Cp bit (5 cu)
Cu 1: Chu k l dy cc nguyn t c cng
A. s lp electron.
B. s electron ha tr
C. s proton.
D. s in tch ht nhn.
Cu 2: Cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon do Mendeleev cng b c sp xp theo tng
dn
A. Khi lng nguyn t.
B. bn knh nguyn t
C. s hiu nguyn t
D. m in ca nguyn t.
Cu 3: Cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon hin nay c sp xp theo tng dn
A. Khi lng nguyn t.
B. bn knh nguyn t
C. s hiu nguyn t.
D. m in ca nguyn t.
Cu 4: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm
VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
Cu 5: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca i n tch ht nhn th
A. Bn knh nguyn t v m i n u tng B. Bn knh nguyn t tng, m i n
gim
C. Bn knh nguyn t gim, m i n tng D. Bn knh nguyn t v m i n u
gim
B2. Cp hiu (5 cu)
Cu 6: S s nguyn t thuc chu k 2, 4, 6 ln lt l
A. 8, 18, 32.
B. 2, 8, 18.
C. 8, 18, 18.
D. 8, 10, 18.
Cu 7: Chn pht biu khng ng
A. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng chu k u c s lp electron bng nhau.
B. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng chu k nhn chung tng t nhau.
C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm c s electron lp ngoi cng nhn chung
bng nhau.
D. Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm l tng t nhau.
Cu 8: trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 1s 22s22p63s23p4.
V tr ca nguyn t X trong bng tun hon l
A. s 16, chu k 3, nhm IVA.
B. s 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA.
C. s 16, chu k 3, nhm IVB.
D. s 16, chu k 3, nhm VIB.
2
2
Cu 9: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X: 1s 2s 2p63s23p5. Hp cht vi hidro v oxi cao
nht c dng
A. HX, X2O7.
B. H2X, XO3
C. XH4, XO2
D. H3X, X2O5
2+
2 6
Cu 10: Anion X v cation Y u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s 3p . V tr ca
cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:
A. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20,
chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20,
chu k 3, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
Cu 11: Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l:
A. N, P, O, F.
B. P, N, F, O.
C. N, P, F, O.
D. P, N, O, F.
Cu 12: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng
dn t tri sang phi l
A. Li, Na, O, F.
B. F, O, Li, Na.
C. F, Li, O, Na.
D. F, Na, O, Li.
Cu 13: Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca
cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t
A. M < X < Y < R.
B. R < M < X < Y.
C. Y < M < X < R. D. M < X < R < Y.
Cu 14: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm
cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. N, Si, Mg, K.
B. K, Mg, Si, N.
C. K, Mg, N, Si.
D. Mg, K, Si, N.
Cu 15: Cc kim loi X, Y, Z c cu hnh electron nguyn t ln lt l: 1s22s22p63s1;
1s22s22p63s2; 1s22s22p63s23p1 . Dy gm cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri
sang phi l:
A. Z, X, Y.
B. Y, Z, X.
C. Z, Y, X.
D. X, Y, Z.
Cu 16: Cng thc phn t hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH 3. Trong oxit m
R c ha tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. S.
B. As.
C. N.
D. P.
2 4
Cu 17: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns np . Trong
hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng
ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%.
B. 27,27%.
C. 60,00%.
D. 40,00%.
Cu 18: Nguyn t Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3, c cng thc oxit cao nht l YO 3. Nguyn
tt Y to vi kim loi M hp cht c cng thc MY, trong M chim 63,64% v khi
lng. Kim loi M l
A. Zn
B. Cu
C. Mg
D. Fe
Cu 19: Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R c s
oxi ha thp nht) v trong oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht biu
no sau y l ng?
A. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.
B. Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s.
C. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn.
D. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.

Cu 20: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip. S proton ca
nguyn t Y nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X
v Y l 33. Nhn xt no sau y v X, Y l ng?
A. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y.
B. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng.
C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron.
D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron.
P N:
1 2 3
A A C
4
A
5
C
6
A
7
B
8
B
9
A
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C D B B B C C D D A D
CHNG 3: LIN KT HO HC
A. KIN THC C BN
I. TNG QUAN V LIN KT HA HC
1. Phn t v lin kt ha hc
- Trong t nhin cc kh him tn ti trng thi phn t n nguyn t. Nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t khc rt t khi tn ti mt cch c lp m c xu hng kt hp vi nhau to ra
phn t hay tinh th c hai hay nhiu nguyn t. S kt hp ny nhm t n cu trc mi
bn vng hn, c nng lng thp hn. Ngi ta gi s kt hp gia cc nguyn t l lin kt
ha hc.
2. Cc khuynh hng hnh thnh lin kt ha hc
a) Electron ha tr
Electron ha tr l electron c kh nng tham gia to lin kt ha hc.
Cc nguyn t nhm A c s electron ha tr bng s electron lp ngoi cng, cc nguyn t
nhm B c s electron ha tr bng s electron c trong cc phn lp (n-1)d v ns.
b) Cng thc Lewis
Cng thc Lewis l loi cng thc cho bit s electron ha tr ca nguyn t, trong
ht nhn v electron lp trong c biu din bng k hiu ha hc ca nguyn t, cn
electron ha tr tng trng bng cc du chm (.) t xung quanh k hiu ca nguyn t (c
phn bit electron ghp i v c thn). Mi cp electron tham gia lin kt hoc t do cn c
th biu din bng mt on gch ngang (-)
b) Cc khuynh hng hnh thnh lin kt - Qui tc bt t (Octet)

Nh trn ni, s hnh thnh lin kt l nhm t cu trc bn vng hn. Thc t
cho thy ch cc nguyn t kh him l tn ti c lp m khng lin kt vi cc nguyn t
khc. S d nh vy v chng c lp electron ngoi cng c cu hnh ns 2np6 (8 electron) bn
vng, c trng thi nng lng thp. Trn c s ny, ngi ta cho rng khi tham gia lin kt
t cu trc bn cc nguyn t phi lm cho lp v ca chng ging lp v ca kh him
gn k. C hai gii php t n cu trc ny l dng chung hoc trao i cc electron ha tr.
Nhng iu ni trn l ni dung ca qui tc bt t: Khi tham gia vo lin kt ha hc

cc nguyn t c khuynh hng dng chung electron hoc trao i t n cu trc bn
ca kh him bn cnh vi 8 hoc 2 electron lp ngoi cng.
V d:
..
H . +. Cl :
..
..
Na . + . Cl :
..
(2/8/1)
(2/8/7)
..
H : Cl
.. :
H-Cl
Na+ Cl(2/8) (2/8/8)
NaCl
II. LIN KT ION

1. Khi nim v ion.
Ion l nhng nguyn t hay nhm nguyn t mang in tch.
2
VD: Na+; Ca2+; Al3+; NH 4 ; NO3 ; SO 4 .
- S to thnh cation: cc nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln v c s electron ho

tr t (thng c t 1 n 3 electron) nn c nng lng ion ho nh, cc nguyn t ny d mt
electron ho tr tr thnh ion dng (cation).
M Mn+ + ne
- S to thnh anion: cc nguyn t phi kim c bn knh nh, in tch ht nhn ln, s
electron ho tr tng i nhiu (thng c t 5 n 7 electron ho tr), nn chng c i lc
electron ln, c khuynh hng nhn thm electron t c v electron bo ho ging kh
him ng sau, c nng lng thp v bn vng. Khi chng to ra ion m (anion).
X + me XmLu : - Tng s ht p hoc n ca ion = tng s ht p hoc n ca cc nguyn t to nn ion.
- Tng s ht e ca ion
i vi cation Mn+:
Tng s ht e = tng s e ca cc nguyn t to nn cation Mn+ - n
i vi anion Xm- :
Tng s ht e = tng s e ca cc nguyn t to nn anion Xm- + m
VD: Tnh s e, p, n ca cc ion sau: Al3+, Fe2+, NO3 , SO 4 , NH 4 , CO32-, S2- bit s khi ca
Al, Fe, N, O, H, C, S ln lt l 27, 56, 14, 16, 1, 12, 32.

2. S to thnh lin kt ion.
Khi c tng tc gia cc nguyn t kim loi in hnh v cc nguyn t phi kim in hnh,
th c s cho electron ca cc kim loi v s nhn electron ca cc phi kim, hnh thnh cc
ion mang in tch tri du, chng ht nhau bng lc ht tnh in to ra hp cht ion.
VD
Na
Cl
Na
Cl
Na
Cl
nh ngha lin kt ion: lin kt ion l lin kt ho hc c to thnh do lc ht tnh in

gia cc ion mang in ngc du.
Bn cht ca lc lin kt ion: l lc ht tnh in.
c im chung ca lin kt ion.
- Lin kt ion l lin kt ho hc bn, do lc ht tnh in gia cc ion tri du l ln.
- Lin kt ion khng c tnh nh hng trong khng gian do trng lc ion to ra c dng
cu.
- Lin kt ion khng c tnh bo ho, s lng nguyn t hay ion l khng hu hn, cc ion
tri du sp xp xen k, lun phin nhau theo mt trt t xc nh, tun hon to ra mng tinh
th ion.
Tnh cht chung ca cc hp cht ion.

- Lun l cht rn tinh th ion.
- C nhit nng chy cao v khng bay hi khi c cn dung dch.
- Thng d tan trong nc v khng tan trong cc dung mi hu c km phn cc.
- Dung dch trong nc ca hp cht ion dn in tt.
III. LIN KT CNG HA TR
1. S to thnh lin kt trong phn t H2, Cl2, N2, HCl, CO2, NH3, CH4
- S hnh thnh lin kt cng ha tr
- Cng thc electron
- Cng thc cu to
2. Lin kt xichma () v lin kt pi ().
Ty theo cch xen ph cc obitan nguyn t m lin kt cng ha tr to thnh c bn khc
nhau. Trn c s nu ngi ta phn bit lin kt cng ha tr thnh hai loi chnh l lin kt
xichma () v lin kt pi ().
a) Lin kt xichma ( ) : l loi lin kt cng ha tr c hnh thnh bng phng php xen
ph ng trc cc obitan nguyn t, vng xen ph nm trn trc lin kt.
Lin kt c cc loi s-s , s-p , p-p ,
p
s s
Lin kt thng bn, do c vng xen ph ln v cc nguyn t c th quay t do

xung quanh trc lin kt m khng ph v lin kt ny.
b) Lin kt : L loi lin kt cng ha tr c hnh thnh bng phng php xen ph song
song trc cc obitan nguyn t, vng xen ph nm hai pha so vi trc lin kt.
Lin kt c cc loi p-p , p-d ,
Lin kt km bn do c vng xen ph nh v cc nguyn t khng th quay t do
xung quanh trc lin kt m khng ph v lin kt ny.
z
y
x
p-p
p-d
Lin kt n lun l lin kt , lin kt i gm 1 v 1 v lin kt ba gm 1 v 2.

3. Lin kt cng ha tr phn cc v khng phn cc.
a) Lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc l loi lin kt cng ha tr trong electron chung
chnh gia ht nhn hai nguyn t. Lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc hnh thnh gia
cc nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t nh trong cc n cht H2, N2. O2, Cl2,
b) Lin kt cng ha tr phn cc l loi lin kt cng ha tr trong electron chung lch
mt phn v pha nguyn t c m in ln hn, nguyn t ny s mang mt phn in
tch m v ngc li.
Lin kt cng ha tr phn cc hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t ca hai nguyn t khc nhau
( hiu m in gia hai nguyn t c gi tr trong khong t 0 n 1,7), nh lin kt
trong cc phn t HCl, H2O, SO2, Ngi ta biu din s phn cc bng mi tn trn gch
ngang lin kt theo chiu t nguyn t c m in nh n nguyn t c m in ln.
A+
B(A <B )
3. Lin kt cng ho tr cho-nhn (lin kt phi tr).
a) nh ngha: Lin kt cng ho tr cho-nhn l lin kt cng ho tr c bit trong cp
electron dng chung ch do mt nguyn t cung cp - gi l nguyn t cho, nguyn t cn li
l nguyn t nhn. VD:
H
H
H
+
H+
N
H
hay
H
O
O
hay
N
O
b) iu kin to ra lin kt cho nhn:

- Nguyn t cho phi c lp v electron bo ho v cn t nht mt cp electron t do
(cha tham gia lin kt) c bn knh nh, m in tng i ln.
- Nguyn t nhn phi c obitan trng.
4. c im chung ca lin kt cng ho tr v tnh cht chung ca cc hp cht cng
ho tr.
a) c im chung ca lin kt cng ho tr:
- L lin kt ho hc bn.
- S xen ph obitan c tnh nh hng r rt trong khng gian m bo nguyn l xen ph
cc i.
- Lin kt cng ho tr c tnh bo ha nn phn t cng ho tr thng c s nguyn t xc
nh.
b) Tnh cht chung ca cc hp cht cng ho tr.
- C th tn ti trng thi kh, lng hoc rn iu kin thng tu thuc vo khi lng
phn t v lc tng tc gia cc phn t.
- C hnh dng xc nh trong khng gian do tnh nh hng ca lin kt cng ho tr.
- Thng kh tan trong nc v d tan trong cc dung mi hu c km phn cc.
IV. M IN V LIN KT HA HC
Xt lin kt to gia A B (Gi s A > B ).
t = A - B
+ Nu 0 < 0,4 Lin kt gia A v B l lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc
+ Nu 0,4 < 1,7 Lin kt gia A v B l lin kt cng ha tr phn cc
+ Nu 1,7 Lin kt gia A v B l lin kt ion (Tr HF).
- Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t bng cc cp e
chung.
Vd:
CT electron:
H:H ;
H : Cl ;
N:::N;
O : : C : :O
CTCT:
HH ;
H Cl ;
NN ;
O= C =O
- Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh bng lc ht tnh in gia ion dng v ion
m.
Vd: NaCl (Na+ v Cl-) ; Al2(SO4)3 (Al3+ v SO42-) ; NH4NO3 (NH4+ v NO3-)
Lu : - Trong mt hp cht c th c nhiu loi lin kt.

+ Trong phn t H2O2 ( H O O H ), lin kt gia H vi O l lin kt cng ha tr phn
cc cn lit kt gia O vi O l lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc.
+ Trong phn t NH4Cl: lin kt gia H vi N l lin kt cng ha tr phn cc, cn lin kt
gia NH4+ vi Cl- l lin kt ion.
- Nu cng ln th lin kt gia A v B cng phn cc.
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. Cp bit (5 cu)
Cu 1: Lin kt ion c to thnh gia 2 nguyn t
A. kim loi in hnh.
B. phi kim in hnh.
C. kim loi v phi kim.
D. kim loi v phi kim u in hnh.
Cu 2: Chn nh ngha ng nht v lin kt cng ha tr: Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt
gia hai nguyn t ...
A. phi kim, c to thnh do s gp chung electron.
B. khc nhau, c to thnh do s gp chung electron.
C. c to thnh do s gp chung mt hay nhiu electron.
D. c to thnh do s cho nhn electron gia chng.
Cu 3: Loi lin kt trong phn t kh hiro clorua l lin kt
A. cho - nhn.
B. cng ha tr khng cc.
C. cng ha tr c cc.
D. ion.
Cu 4: iu kin to thnh lin kt cho nhn l
A. Nguyn t cho cn d cp electron cha tham gia lin kt, nguyn t nhn c obitan trng.
B. Hai nguyn t cho v nhn phi c m in khc nhau.
C. Hai nguyn t cho v nhn phi c m in gn bng nhau.
D. Hai nguyn t cho v nhn u l nhng phi kim mnh.
Cu 5: Lin kt ho hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t H2O l lin kt
A. cng ho tr khng phn cc. B. cng ho tr phn cc. C. ion.
D. hiro.
B2. Cp hiu (5 cu)
Cu 6: Chn cu ng
A. Trong lin kt cng ha tr, cp electron b lch v nguyn t c m in nh hn.
B. Lin kt cng ha tr c cc c to thnh gia hai nguyn t c hiu m in t 0,4
n nh hn 1,7.
C. Lin kt cng ha tr c cc c to nn t cc nguyn t khc hn nhau v tnh cht ha
hc.
D. Hiu m in gia hai nguyn t ln th phn t phn cc yu.
Cu 7: Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t HCl thuc loi lin kt
A. cng ha tr khng cc
B. ion
C. cng ha tr c cc
D. hiro
Cu 8: Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l
A. HCl.
B. NH3.
C. H2O.
D. NH4Cl.
Cu 9: Lin kt ha hc trong NaCl c hnh thnh do
A. Hai ht nhn nguyn t ht electron rt mnh.
B. Mi nguyn t Na v Cl gp chung 1 electron.
C. Mi nguyn t nhng hoc thu electron tr thnh cc ion tri du ht nhau.
D. Na Na+ + 1e; Cl + 1e Cl-; Na+ + Cl- NaCl
Cu 10: Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l:
A. HCl, O3, H2S.
B. O2, H2O, NH3.
C. H2O, HF, H2S.
D. HF, Cl2, H2O.

Cu 11: Lin kt ha hc trong phn t no sau y c hnh thnh t s xen ph trc p
p?
A. HCl
B. H2
C. Cl2
D. NH3.
2
2
6
2
6
Cu 12: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s1, nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron 1s 22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t
Y thuc loi lin kt
A. kim loi
B. ion
C. cng ha tr
D. cho nhn
Cu 13: Nhm cc phn t u cha lin kt pi () l
A. C2H4, CO2, N2.
B. O2, H2S, H2O
C. Br2, C2H2, NH3
D. CH4, N2, Cl2
Cu 14: Nhng trng hp sau cc phn t ch c lin kt sigma () l
A. Cl2, N2, H2O.
B. H2S, Br2, CH4
C. N2, CO2, NH3
D. PH3, CCl4, SiO2.
Cu 15: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l:
A. HBr, CO2, CH4.
B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2.
C. NH3, Br2, C2H4. D. HCl, C2H2, Br2.
Cu 16: Cht no sau y c lin kt hidro gia cc phn t?
A. H2O, CH4.
B. H2O, HCl
C. SiH4, CH4.
D. PH3, NH3.
Cu 17: Hnh dng phn t CH4, BF3, H2O, BeH2 tng ng l
A. T din, tam gic, gp khc, thng.
B. Tam gic, t din, gp khc, thng.
C. Gp khc, tam gic, t din, thng.
D. Thng, tam gic, t din, gp khc.
Cu 18: Bit rng cc nguyn t cacbon v oxi trong phn t CO u tha mn quy tc bt
t, phn t hp cht ny c to bi
A. Mt lin kt phi tr v hai lin kt cng ha tr bnh thng.
B. Hai lin kt phi tr v mt lin kt cng ha tr bnh thng.
C. Hai lin kt phi tr.
D. Hai lin kt cng ha tr bnh thng.
Cu 19: Phn t nc c gc lin kt 104o5 l do nguyn t oxi trng thi lai ha
A. sp
B. sp2
C. sp3
D. Khng xc nh c.
0
Cu 20: Trong phn t H2S c gc lin kt l 92 . Vy khi hnh thnh lin kt nguyn t hidro
v nguyn t S
A. Lai ha sp
B. Lai ha sp2
C. Lai ha sp3
D. Khng lai ha.
P N:
1 2 3
D C C
4
A
5
B
6
B
7
C
8
D
9
D
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C C B A B B B A A C D
CHNG 4: PHN NG OXI HO - KH

A. KIN THC C BN
I. S OXI HA
1) V d:
Phn t S chuyn dch in tch
NaCl
Na Na 1+ + 1e
HCl
Cl + 1e Cl1H :Cl cp e chung b lnh v pha Cl, xc nh

SOH ngi ta gi s cp e chung lch hn v Cl
S oxi ha
Na = +1
Cl = -1
H H1+ + 1e
H2
H = +1
C = -1
Cl + 1e Cl1- + 1e
H : H cp e chung khng lch v nguyn t no H = 0
(khn c s chuyn dch electron)
2) nh ngha: S oxi ha l in tch ca nguyn t trong phn t nu gi nh rng cp

electron dng chung b lch v nguyn t c m in ln hn (tc c lin kt ion)
3) Cc qui tc xc nh s oxi ha:
SOH(n cht) = 0
SOH (hp cht) = tng s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht = 0
SOH (ion) = in tch ion
Trong hp cht:
+ ) SOH (H) = +1 tr hirua kim loi NaH, BaH2, ..
+ ) SOH (O) = -2 tr H2O2, Na2O2, F2O,
+) SOH (KL nhm IA, IIA, IIIA) = +1, +2, +3
Lu : - Cch vit SOH: Du trc, tr s sau
- SOH l s dng (+), m (-) hoc bng 0; SOH c th nguyn hoc khng nguyn.
II. PHN NG OXI HA KH
1) Cc khi nim c bn v phn ng oxi ha kh
VD1: Cho phn ng CuO + H2
t0
Cu + H2O (1)
Trong phn ng trn c s thay i SOH: Cu+2 Cu0 ; H0 H+1

Cu+2 l cht oxi ha; H0 l cht kh. Phng trnh biu din s thay i SOH trn nh sau:
Cu+2 + 2e Cu0 : qu trnh kh ;
H0 H+ + 1e : qu trnh oxi ha
Phn ng (1) l phn ng oxi ha kh.
- Cht kh (cht b oxi ha): l cht nhng electron (cht c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng)
- Cht oxi ha (cht b kh) : l cht nhn electron (cht c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng).
- Qu trnh oxi ha (s oxi ha): l qu trnh cht kh nhng electron (lm tng SOH ca
cht kh)
- Qu trnh kh (s kh): l qu trnh cht oxi ha nhn electron (lm gim SOH ca cht oxi
ha)
- Phn ng oxi ha kh: l phn ng trong c s thay i s oxi ha ca mt hoc mt s
nguyn t
Qui tc nh: Kh cho o nhn. Kh tin o li
Hoc: Kh - cho, cho tng. O - nhn, nhn gim ; Hay s n - cht kia
Lu : - Trong p oxi ha kh lun xy ra ng thi qtr oxi ha v qtr kh; cht oxi ha v
cht kh
- S electron cht kh nhng hay cht oxi ha nhn gi l s electron trao i
S electron trao i = SOH ln SOH nh
2) Cc bc cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh bng phng php thng bng electron.
a) Nguyn tc: Tng s electron cht kh nhng = tng s electron cht oxi ha nhn
b) Cc bc cn bng
- B1: Xc nh SOH ca cc nguyn t trc v sau phn ng. T tm cht oxi ha, cht
kh.
- B2: Vit qu trnh oxi ha, qu trnh kh xc nh s e trao i = SOH ln SOH nh
Tm BSCNN (s e nhng, s e nhn).
H s qu trnh oxi ha = BSCNN/ s e nhng ; H s qu trnh kh = BSCNN/ s e

nhn
- B3: Nhn h s vo qu trnh oxi ha, qu trnh kh ri cng v vi v ca hai qua trnh ny
lm mt s e trao i ta c phng trnh n gin.
- B4: in cc h s ca ptp n gin vo ptp ban u ri cn bng s nguyn t hai v
theo th t
1) cation kim loi
2) anion gc axit
3) hiro ca axit v nc
Ch : H s ca PTHH n gin l c nh; nu nguyn t trong cht oxi ha hoc cht kh
ng vai tr l mi trng (to gc mui) th phi cng thm s nguyn t ng vai tr l mi
trng.
- B5: Kim tra xem phn ng cn bng cha theo nguyn tc phn ng cn bng khi s
nguyn t ca mi nguyn t hai v ca phn ng phi bng nhau (thng kim tra oxi).
3) Phn loi phn ng oxi ha kh: 3 loi
a) Phn ng oxi ha kh thng thng: Cht oxi ha v cht kh thuc hai cht khc nhau
Vd1: 3H2SO4 + H2S 4SO2 + 4H2O
Cht oxh
cht kh
Vd2: 16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
Cht kh
cht oxh
b) Phn ng oxi ha kh ni phn t: cht oxi ha v cht kh thuc mt phn t.
Vd1:
NH4NO3
t0
N2O + 2H2O
N-3 : cht kh ; N+5 : Cht oxi ha u thuc phn t NH4NO3

Vd2:
2 KMnO4
t0
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Mn+7: Cht oxi ha; O-2: Cht kh u thuc mt phn t KMnO4.

c) Phn ng t oxi ha t kh: Cht oxi ha, cht kh u do mt nguyn t to nn cng
mc s oxi ha.
0
+ 6KOH
5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
t
Cl0: va l cht oxi ha va l cht kh cng mc oxi ha v do nguyn t clo to nn.
Vd1: 3Cl2
Vd2: 2NO2 + 2NaOH

NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O
t
N+4: va l cht oxi ha va l cht kh cng mc oxi ha +4 v do nguyn t N to
nn.
4) Tnh cht oxi ha kh ca cht, ion:
a) Cht, ion cha nguyn t c s oxi ha cao nht thng ng vai tr l cht oxi ha:
Vd: Fe3+, N+5 (HNO3), S+6, Mn+7, .
b) Cht, ion cha nguyn t c s oxi ha thp nht thng ng vai tr l cht kh:
Vd: H-1, O-2, Cl-1, N-3, S-2, tt c cc kim loi,
c) Cht, ion cha nguyn t c s oxi ha trung gian hoc cht cha mt nguyn t c s oxi
ha thp nht v mt nguyn t c s oxi ha cao nht ng vai tr l cht oxi ha hoc cht
kh:
Vd: SO2, NO2, S, Fe2+, NH3, FeCl3, Fe(NO3)3 ,
5) Chiu hng xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh
Phn ng oxi ha kh ch xy ra theo chiu:
Cht oxi ha mnh + cht kh mnh cht oxi ha yu hn + cht kh yu hn
V d:
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
Fe2+ + Cu khng phn ng
Cl2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br2

2KCl + Br2 khng phn ng
Vi mt s cht, ty vo mnh yu ca cht oxi ha, cht kh v vo mi trng phn ng
m c th to thnh cc sn phm oxi ha kh khc nhau.
6) nh lut bo ton electron:
Tng s mol e cc cht kh nhng = tng s mol e cc cht oxi ha nhn
B. CU HI V BI TP TNKQ
B1. Cp bit (5 cu)
Cu 1: S oxi ha ca lu hunh (S) trong H2S, SO2, SO32-, SO42- ln lt l
A. -2, +4, +4, +6
B. -2, +4, +6, +8 C. +2, +4, +8, +10 D. 0, +4, +3, +8
Cu 2: phn ng no sau y NH3 ng vai tr cht kh ?
A. 2NH3 + 3CuO
N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O B. NH3 + HCl
t0
C. 2NH3 + H2SO
4
NH4Cl
(NH4)2SO4
D. 3NH3 + AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
t0
Cu 3: Trong phn ng sau Cl2 + KOH

KClO3 + KCl + H2O. Clo ng vai tr l
A. va l cht oxi ha, va l cht kh
B. mt trng
C. cht kh
D. cht oxi ha
Cu 4: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu.
Trong phn ng trn xy ra
2+
A. s kh Fe v s oxi ha Cu.
2+
2+
B. s kh Fe v s kh Cu .
2+
C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu.
D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu .
Cu 5: Bc tip xc vi khng kh c H2S b bin i thnh Ag2S mu en:
4Ag + 2H2S + O
2Ag2S + 2H2O.
2
Cu no din t ng tnh cht ca cc cht phn ng ?
A. H2S l cht kh, O2 l cht oxi ha B. Ag l cht kh, O2 l cht oxi ha
C. H2S va l cht oxi ha, va l cht kh, cn Ag l cht kh.
D. Ag l cht oxi ha, H2S l cht kh
B2. Cp hiu (5 cu)
Cu 6: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra nh sau
2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3 (1) ;
2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2 (2)
Pht biu ng l
A. Tnh oxi ha ca clo mnh hn ca Fe3+. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br2 mnh hn ca Cl2.
C. Tnh kh ca Br- mnh hn ca Fe2+.
D. Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br-.
Cu 7: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1) KCl + AgNO

3
(2) 2KNO3
AgCl + KNO3
(3) CaO + 3C
2KNO2 + O2
t
CaC2 + CO
0
(4) 2H2S + SO2

3S + 2H2O
Nhm gm cc phn ng oxi ha kh l
t
(5) CaO + H2O
Ca(OH)2
(6) 2FeCl2 + Cl2

(7) CaCO3
t0
(8) CuO + H2
t0
2FeCl3
CaO + CO2
t0
Cu + H2O
A. (2), (3), (4), (6), (8)

B. (2), (3), (4), (5), (6)
C. (2), (4), (6), (7), (8)
D. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5)
Cu 8: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt phn
t CuFeS2 s
A. nhn 13 electron.
B. nhn 12 electron.
C. nhng 13 electron.
D. nhng 12 electron.
Cu 9: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3,
FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi
phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 8.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
2+
Cu 10: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu , Cl . S cht v ion c c
tnh oxi ha v tnh kh l
A. 7.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 6.
Cu 11: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng
gia Cu vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A. 10.
B. 11.
C. 8.
D. 9.
Cu 12: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O
S phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng.
Gi tr ca k l
A. 4/7.
B. 1/7.
C. 3/14.
D. 3/7.
Cu 13: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O
Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin
th h s ca HNO3 l
A. 13x - 9y.
B. 46x - 18y.
C. 45x - 18y.
D. 23x - 9y.
Cu 14: Cho phng trnh phn ng Al + HNO

Al(NO3)3 + N2O + N2 + H2O. Nu t
3
l s mol N2O v N2 l 2:3 th sau cn bng ta c t l mol Al : N2O : N2 l
A. 23 : 4 : 6
B. 46 : 2 : 3
C. 20 : 2 : 3
D. 46 : 6 : 9
Cu 15: Ha tan hon ton mt lng bt st vo dung dch HNO 3 long thu c hn hp
kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol NO. Lng st ha tan l
A. 2,8g
B. 1,4g
C. 0,84g
D. 0,56g
Cu 16: Cho phn ng:
Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O.
Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A. 47.
B. 27.
C. 31.
D. 23.
Cu 17: Ha tan hon ton 19,2g Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long, tt c kh NO thu c em
oxi ha thnh NO2 ri sc vo dng nc c kh O2 chuyn ht NO2 thnh HNO3. Th tch
kh O2 (ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn l:
A. 4,48 lt
B. 3,36 lt
C. 2,24 lt
D. 6,72 lt
Cu 18: Ha tan hn hp gm 0,05 mol Ag v 0,03 mol Cu vo dung dch HNO 3 thu c
hn hp kh A gm NO v NO2 c t l mol tng ng l 2:3 . Th tch hn hp kh A ktc
l
A. 3,3737 lt
B. 1,369 lt
C. 2,737 lt
D. 2,224 lt
Cu 19: Nung nng tng c p cht trong bnh kn: (1) Fe + S (r), (2) Fe2O3 + CO (k), (3) Au +
O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r), (5) Cu + KNO3 (r) , (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy ra
phn ng oxi ho kim loi l :
A. (1), (3), (6)
B. (2), (3), (4)
C. (1), (4), (5)
D. (2), (5), (6)
Cu 20: Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung
dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh
Y so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,34.
P N:
1 2 3
A A A
B. 34,08.
4
D
5
B
6
A
7
A
8
C
C. 106,38.
9
C
D. 97,98.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B A D B D A B B B C C
CHNG 5: NHM HALOGEN

A. KIN THC C BN V TRNG TM
I - V tr v cu to phn t ca cc nguyn t nhm Halogen trong bng h thng tun
hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
- Nhm VIIA trong Bng HTTH gm 5 nguyn t: Flo (Z = 9), Clo (Z = 15), Brom (Z = 35),
Iot (Z = 52), Atatin* ( Z = 85) nguyn t phng x
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng: - ns2np5 ;
ns2
np5
c 7e lp ngoi cng v trng thi c bn c 1e c thn. Nn chng lin kt vi nhau
to phn t 2 nguyn t X2.
CT electron: X : X
CTCT: X X
II- Khi qut v tnh cht ca cc Halogen
1) Tnh cht vt l:
Bng mt s c im ca cc nguyn t nhm halogen
Nguyn t
F
Cl
Br
I
S hiu nguyn t
9
17
35
53
Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng
-2s22p5
-3s23p5
-4s24p5
-5s25p5
Trng thi tp hp (200c)
kh
kh
lng
rn
Mu sc
lc nht vng lc nu
tm en
Nhit nng chy (0c)
-219,6
-101,0
-7,3
113,6
0
Nhit si ( c)
-188,1
-34,1
59,2
185,5
Bn knh nguyn t (nm)
0,064
0,099
0,114
0,133
Bn knh ion X (nm)
0,136
0,181
0,196
0,220
Nng lng lin kt X-X (250c, 1atm) (kJ/mol)
159
243
192
151
i lc electron (eV)
3,45
3,61
3,37
3,08
m in
4,0
3,0
2,8
2,5
Flo khng tan trong nc v n phn hy nc rt mnh. Cc halogen khc tan tng
i t trong nc v tan nhiu trong mt s dung mi hu c.
Nhn vo bng tnh cht vt l ca nhm halogen ta thy: Cc tnh cht vt l, ha hc
bin i c qui lut: Theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn(t flo n iot):
- Trng thi tp hp: T th kh chuyn sang th lng v th rn.
- Mu sc: m dn
- Nhit nng chy, nhit si: tng dn

- m in tng i ln v gim dn.
- Tnh oxi ha gim dn: Tnh oxi ha F2>Cl2 > Br2 > I2.
2) Tnh cht ha hc:.
Cc halogen c 7e lp ngoi cng, bn knh nguyn t nh, i lc electron ln nn
d dng thu thm 1 electron to ion X - c cu hnh ca kh him lin k trong bng tun
hon.
X + 1e
Xns2np5
ns2np6
Cc halogen c m in ln. Bn knh nguyn t tng dn v m in gim dn
t flo n clo, brom, iot.
Halogen l nhng phi kim in hnh, chng l nhng cht oxi ha mnh, kh nng oxi ha
ca cc halogen gim dn t flo n iot.
Trong hp cht, flo lun c s oxi ha -1, cc halogen khc ngoi s oxihoa -1 cn c
cc s oxi ha +1, +3, +5, +7.
a) Tc dng vi kim loi: 2M + nX2
V d: 2Na + Cl2
Lu : Fe + I2
t0
t0
2MXn (n: Ha tr cao nht ca M)
2NaCl ; 2Fe + 3Cl2
t0
2FeCl3; 2Al + 3Br

2
t0
2AlBr3
FeI2
b) Tc dng vi phi kim
* Vi H2:
t0
H2 + X2
2HX (kh hiro halogenua)
( Flo p mnh lit ngay c trong bng ti, Clo p ngoi nh sng, Br, Iot cn nhit v p
thun nghch)
Ha tan kh HX vo nc c dung dch axit halogen-hiric.
H2 + Cl2 as 2HCl; HCl H 2O dung dch axit clohiric HCl
* Cl2, Br2, I2 khng phn ng trc tip vi O2, N2, C
t0
* Vi P, S: 2P + 3Cl2
2S + Cl2
2PCl3 ; 2P + 5Cl2
t0
2PCl5
; S + 3Cl2 + 4H2O
S2Cl2
2P + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
t0
t0
H2SO4 + 6HCl
2H3PO4 + 10HCl
4HF + O2
c) Tc dng vi H2O: 2F2 + 2H2O
2Cl2 + 2H2O
2HClO
2HCl + 2HClO (axit hipoclorit)

2HCl + 2O
2O
O2
2Cl2 + 2H2O
4HCl + O2
Nc Clo cha (Cl2, HCl, HClO) c tnh tnh xi ha mnh nn c dng ty
mu, ty u, st trng.
d) Tc dng vi dung dch kim:
0
Cl2 + 2MOH t thuong
MCl + MClO + H2O

Nc gia - ven
Cl2 + 6MOH
100 c
5MCl + MClO3 + H2O
Vd:
0
Cl2 + 2NaOH t thuong
NaCl
NaClO
+ H2O (nc Javen)
Natri hipoclorit
3Cl2 + 6NaOH
1000 c
3Cl2 + 6KOHm c
Cl2
5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O

t0
Ca(OH)2
5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O

0
30 C
CaOCl2 + H2O
Dng bt hoc sa
clorua vi
-1
Cl
Ca
+1
O
Cl (mui hn tp ca Ca vi hai gc axit Cl- v ClO-)
CTCT:
Trong cc phn ng trn, nguyn t clo va l cht oxi ha, va l cht kh. l nhng
phn ng t oxi ha - kh.
2F2 + 2NaOH
2NaF + H2O + OF2
Lu :
- Nc Gia ven, clorua vi c cha ClO- (hipoclorit) l cht oxi ha mnh nn c dng
st trng v ty trng vi si. Clorua vi c s dng nhiu hn nc Gia-Ven do r tin, c
hm lng hipoclorit cao hn, d bo qun v d chuyn tr hn.
- Nc Gia Ven v clorua vi khng bn trong khng kh m c CO2.
NaClO + CO2 + H2O
NaHCO3 + HClO
2CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O

CaCO3 + CaCl2 + 2HClO
e) Tc dng vi dung dch mui:
Clo khng oxi ha c ion F - trong cc mui florua, nhng oxi ha d dng ion Br - trong
dung dch mui brmua, ion I- trong dung dch mui iotua.
Cl2 + 2NaBr
2NaBr + Cl2
Cl2 + 2KI
2KCl + I2
Br2 + 2KI
2KBr + I2
Chng t trong nhm halogen, tnh oxi ha gim dn t flo n clo qua brom v iot.
f) Tc dng vi cc cht kh khc:
3Cl2 + 2NH3
N2 + 6HCl
Br2 + 2HI
I2 + 2HBr
I2 + H2S
2HI + S
SO2 + X2 (Cl,Br)+ 2H2O

2FeCl2 + Cl2
2HX + H2SO4
t
2FeCl3
3) iu ch Halogen X2:
a) iu ch F2: in phn nng chy hn hp (KF v HF)
b) iu ch Cl2:
Trong PTN: Axit HX + Cht oxi ha
t0
dpnc
F2
Halogen X2 (trong PTN)
Cht oxi ha thng dng l: MnO2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, CaOCl2, KClO3, NaClO,
V d:
MnO2 + 4HCl
16HCl + 2KMnO
4
14HCl + K2Cr2O
7
t0
MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O
2KCl + 3Cl2 + 2CrCl3 + 7H2O
2KClO3 + 12HCl
2KCl + 5Cl2 + 6H2O
Trong cng nghip: in phn dung dch NaCl bo ha c mng ngn xp.
2NaCl + 2H2O
dpdd
m.n.x
2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
catot
anot
c) iu ch Br2: T nc bin, tch ra c mui NaBr
Cl2 + 2NaBr
2NaCl + Br2 (trong cng nghip)
d) iu ch I2: (Trong cng nghip)
Rong to bin c sy kh, t chy. Tro x l bng nc, tch ra c dung dch NaI . Sau
cho axit H2SO4 c tc dng vi dung dch NaI.
2H2SO4 c + 2NaI
I2 + SO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Hoc dung dch NaI c axit ha bng axit H2SO4 long ri thm vo dd NaNO2.
2NaI + 2NaNO2 + 2H2SO
I2 + 2NO + 2Na2SO4 + 2H2O
4
III) Cc hp cht ca Halogen
1) Cc hiro halogenua HX
a) Tnh cht ha hc: Cc hiro halogenua rt d ha tan trong nc thnh dung dch axit,
in li hon ton trong dung dch th hin tnh axit mnh (tr HF).
HX + H2O
H3O+ + X-
HX c hai tnh cht ha hc ch yu l tnh axit ca dung dch v tnh kh

( Mc tnh axit v tnh kh: HF< HCl < HBr < HI )
* Tnh axit: lm qu tm chuyn sang mu , phn ng vi kim loi, baz, oxit baz,
mui:
Fe + 2HCl
FeCl2 + H2
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
CuO + 2HCl
CuCl2 + H2O
HCl + AgNO
AgCl + HNO3
3
c bit: 4HF + SiO
SiF4 + 2H2O
2
Thy tinh (SiO2) b tan trong axit HF nn khng th cha axit HF trong bnh bng
thy tinh, ngi ta ng dung dch HF trong bnh bng bch kim, cao su, nha PE
*Tnh kh: tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha MnO 2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, CaOCl2, KClO3,
H2SO4 c, PbO2 . . .
PbO2 + 4HCl
PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
2HBr + H2SO
4
SO2 + 2H2O + Br2
8HI + H2SO
4
4I2 + H2S + 4H2O
2HI + 2FeCl
3
2FeCl2 + I2 + 2HCl
b) iu ch
* Tng hp t H2 v X2 : H2 + X
2
2HX
* Dng H2SO4 c : Mui halogenua + H2SO4 c

NaCl + H2SO4 c
250
2NaCl + H2SO4 c
400
CaF2 + H2SO4 dc
250 c
t0
HX (X: F, Cl)
NaHSO4 + HCl
Na2SO4 + 2HCl
CaSO4 + 2HF
( Lu : Chng ta khng dng phng php ny iu ch HBr, HI, v H 2SO4 c nng l cht
xi ha mnh, cn HBr, HI l hai cht kh: 2HBr + H2SO4 SO2 + 2H2O + Br2 )
* Dng tnh xi ha: Cl2 + 2HBr 2HCl + Br2 ; Cl2 + H2S 2HCl + S
* Phng php thy phn halogenua photpho: PX3 + 3H2O 3HX + H3PO3
( Phng php ny thch hp iu ch HBr, HI )
2) Cc oxiaxit ca halogen (Axit v mui):
Flo khng cho mt oxiaxit no.
Clo, Brom, Iot cho mt s oxiaxit sp xp c thnh 4 nhm:
+1
HXO
+3
+5
+7
HXO2
HXO3
HXO4
Chiu tng tnh axit v tnh bn
V d:
HClO
HClO2
HClO3
HClO4
Axit hipoclor Axit clor
Axit cloric Axit pecloric
Chiu tng tnh oxi ha
a) Axit hipoclor:
- Axit hipoclor l axit rt yu c Ka = 2,5.10-8, khng bn, c iu ch:
CO2 + H2O + KClO KHCO3 + HClO
HClO HCl + O
- Axit HClO c tnh oxiha mnh (nh nc clo):
4HClO + PbS 4HCl + PbSO4
- Mui hipoclorit MClO bn hn axit HClO, li c kh nng oxi ha tng t Cl 2 , d
b nhit phn v d tc dng vi CO2 ca khng kh to ra HClO:
NaClO + 2HCl
NaCl + H2O + Cl2
0
3NaClO 70 c NaClO3 + 2NaCl

( Phn ng quan trng iu ch mui clorat )
NaClO + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + HClO
- Nc Javen : Cl2 + 2NaOH NaClO + NaCl + H2O
ng dng:
+ Do tnh cht oxi ha mnh, axit HClO c tc dng st trng, ty trng vi, si, giy.
+ Nc Javen c tnh oxi ha mnh c dng ty trng si, vi, giy. N cng
c dng st trng v kh mi khi ty u nh v sinh hoc nhng khu vc b nhim
khc.
b) Axit clor HClO2
- Axit HClO2 l axit mnh hn axit HClO, c Ka = 5.10-3, v l axit c tnh oxi ha
mnh.
- Mui clorit ca axit HClO2 cng c tnh oxi ha v b nhit phn:
t0
3NaClO2
2NaClO3 + NaCl
- iu ch axit HClO2 : Ba(ClO2)2 + H2SO4 long BaSO4 + 2HClO2

c) Axit cloric HClO3
- Axit cloric l axit mnh gn bng cc axit HCl, HNO3 c tnh oxi ha.
4HClO3
t0
4ClO2 + 2H2O + O2
- Mui clorat bn hn axit cloric, c tnh oxi ha, khng b thy phn
4MClO3
t0
3MClO4 + MCl
- Mui clorat (KClO3) dng lm thuc n, dim, iu ch O2, cht oxi ha, cht dit
c. . .
6P + 5KClO3 3P2O5 + 5KCl
2KClO
3
MnO2 ,t 0
- iu ch HClO3 : 3HClO
t0
2KCl + 3O2
HClO3 + 2HCl
- iu ch KClO3 : 3Cl2 + 6KOH m c
1000 c
KClO3 + 5KCl + 3H2O
6Cl2 + 6Ca(OH)2 5CaCl2 + Ca(ClO3)2 + 6H2O

Ca(ClO3)2+2KCl
lam lanh
CaCl2 + 2KClO3
Hoc in phn dung dch KCl 25% nhit 70-750c

p, xc tc
KClO3 + 3H2
KCl + 3H2O
d) HClO4 (axit pecloric)
L axit rt mnh, tan nhiu trong nc. Phn ng loi nc t HClO 4 vi xc tc P2O5 gip
to thnh Cl2O7
iu ch t kali peclorat: KClO4 + H2SO4
,
t0
HClO4 + KHSO4
3) Nhn bit gc halogen (Cl Br , I ) .

Thuc th
NaF
NaCl
NaBr
Dd AgNO3
Khng phn ng
trng
vng
+
Phng trnh phn ng:
Ag + X AgX
NaI
vng m
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. Cp bit (5 cu)
Cu 1: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l.
A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3.
B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
C. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS.
D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
Cu 2: Cht dng lm kh kh Cl2 m l
A. CaO. B. dung dch H2SO4 m c. C. Na2SO3 khan.
D. dung dch NaOH c.
Cu 3 : Hy cho bit dy cht no sau y tc dng vi dung dch HF ?
A. NaClO, NaOH, SiO2
B. NaCl, SiO2 , NaAlO2
C. NaNO3, Na2S. NaClO
D. NaOH, Na2SO4, CO2.
Cu 4: c im no di y khng phi l c im chung cho cc nguyn t Halogen (F,
Cl, Br, I).
A. Lp electron ngoi cng u c 7 electron
B. Nguyn t u c kh nng nhn thm 1 electron
C. Ch c s oxi ha -1 trong cc hp cht.
D. Cc hp cht vi hydro u l hp cht cng ha tr
Cu 5: Nc Gia-ven c iu ch bng cch.
A. Cho Clo tc dng vi nc
B. Cho Clo tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2
C. Cho Clo sc vo dung dch NaOH long.
D. Cho Clo vo dd KOH long ri un nng 1000C
B2. Cp hiu (5 cu)
Cu 6: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht. CaOCl2 , KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi
lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A. KMnO4.
B. MnO2.
C. CaOCl2.
D. K2Cr2O7.
Cu 7: Cho s sau. NaX + H2SO4 c, t NaHSO4 + HX. Hy cho bit NaX c th

l cht no sau y.
A. NaCl, NaI B. NaF, NaClC. NaF, NaCl, NaBr
D. NaF, NaCl, NaBr,
Cu 8: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch
A. in phn nng chy NaCl.
B. cho dung dch HCl c tc dng vi MnO2, un nng.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn. D. cho F2 y Cl2 ra khi dung dch NaCl.
0
Cu 9: Cho kalipemanganat tc dng vi axit clohiric c thu c mt cht kh mu vng

lc. Dn kh thu c vo dd KOH c un nng 100 0C thu c dd cha 2 cht tan.
Cht tan trong dung dch thu c l
A. KCl v KOH B. KCl v KClO
C. KCl v KClO3
D. KCl v KClO4
Cu 10: C 4 l mt nhn X, Y, Z, T mi l cha mt trong cc dung dch sau :
KI, HI, AgNO3, Na2CO3
Bit rng :
- Nu cho X phn ng vi cc cht cn li th thu c mt kt ta.
- Y to c kt ta vi c 3 cht cn li.
- Z to c mt kt ta trng v 1 cht kh vi cc cht cn li.
T to c mt cht kh v mt kt ta vng vi cc cht cn li.
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T ln lt l :
A. KI, Na2CO3, HI, AgNO3
B. KI, AgNO3, Na2CO3, HI
C. HI, AgNO3, Na2CO3, KI
D. HI, Na2CO3, KI, AgNO3
Cu 11: Sc ht mt lng kh clo vo dung dch NaBr v NaI v un nng, ta thu c
1,17g NaCl. Khi lng kh clo sc vo l.
A. 7,1 gam
B. 14,2 gam
C. 1,42 gam
D. 0,71 gam
Cu 12 : Ha tan hon ton 12,1g hn hp ba kim loi Mg, Fe, Zn bng dung dch HCl th
thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt H 2.C cn dung dich A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 26,7 gam
B. 19 gam
C. 26,3 gam
D. 2,63 gam
o
Cu 13 : Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100 C. Sau khi phn A
p gam kim loi R tc dng ht vi Cl2 thu c 4,944p gam mui clorua. R l kim loi
A. Mg
B. Al
C. Fe
D. Zn
Cu 15 : Cho 50 gam CaCO3 tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 20% (d=1,2g/ml). Khi
lng dung dch HCl dng l.
A. 55,0 gam
B. 182,5 gam
C. 180,0 gam
D. 100,0 gam
Cu 16: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai
nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY)
vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong
hn hp ban u l
A. 58,2%.
B. 41,8%.
C. 52,8%.
D. 47,2%.
Cu 17 : Cho 0,4 mol H2 tc dng vi 0,3 mol Cl2 (xc tc), ri ly sn phm ha tan vo
192,7 gam nc c dung dch X. Ly 50 gam dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 thy to thnh 7,175 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng gia H2 v Cl2 bng
A. 62,5%
B. 50%
C. 44,8%
D. 33,3%
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng
l 1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo
dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 28,7.
B. 68,2.
C. 57,4.
D. 10,8.
Cu 19: Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml dd
HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi
trong X l
A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Mg v Sr
D. Be v Ca
Cu 20: Hn hp X c khi lng 82,3 gam gm KClO3, Ca(ClO3)2, CaCl2 v KCl. Nhit
phn hon ton X thu c 13,44 lt O2 (ktc), cht rn Y gm CaCl2 v KCl. Ton b Y
tc dng va vi 0,3 lt dung dch K2CO3 1M thu c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z
nhiu gp 5 ln lng KCl trong X. Phn trm khi lng KCl trong X l
A. 18,10%.
B. 12,67%.
C. 29,77%.
D. 25,62%.
P N:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D B A C C D B B C B D C A B B B D B D A
CHNG 6: OXI LU HUNH
A. KIN THC C BN
2
2
4
8O (z = 8) : 1s 2s 2p
th 8, chu k 2, nhm VIA, nguyn t h p
S (z = 16): 1s22s22p63s23p4 th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA, nguyn t h p

A. OXI OZON
I - OXI
1) Tnh cht vt l: L cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v, nng hn khng kh (gp
1,1 ln), ts = -1830C, rt t tan trong nc.
2) Tnh cht ha hc
16
a- Tc dng vi kim loi

2Mg + O2
t0
oxit: 2xM + yO2 t0
2MgO ; 2Cu + O2
Lu : Fe + O2 khng kh
b- Tc dng vi phi kim
2MxOy
t0
2CuO ; 3Fe + 2O2
hn hp oxit: FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4
- Tc dng vi hidro: 2H2 + O2
t0
Fe3O4
2H2O
t0
- Tc dng vi cacbon: C + O2
t0
CO2 ; 2C + O2
t0
2CO
- Tc dng vi lu hunh, pht pho:

S + O2
t0
SO2
; 4P + 5O2
t0
2P2O5
c- Tc dng vi hp cht:
2H2S + 3O2
t0
4FeS2 + 11O2
2SO2 + 2H2O;
t0
2CO + O2
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2;
t0
4FeCO3 + O2
2CO2
t0
2Fe2O3 + 4CO2
3) iu ch:
a) Trong PTN: Nhit phn cc hp cht giu oxi v km bn vi nhit (KClO 3, KMnO4,
K2Cr2O7, H2O2, ) :
KClO3
MnO2, t0
2KCl + 3O2;
2KMnO4
t0
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
xt: MnO2
2H2O2
b) Trong cng nghip:
- Chng ct phn on khng kh lng
2H2O + O2
O2
- in phn dung dch H2SO4 hoc NaOH.

2H2O
in ph
n
2H2
Cc m
O2
cc dng
II- OZON (l dng th hnh ca oxi):

Th hnh l hin tng cc n cht khc nhau c to nn t mt nguyn t ha hc
Vd: Oxi v ozon; P trng v P ; S n t v S t phng; C grafit, kim cng, Than ch.
1. Tnh cht vt l: L cht kh, mi c trng, mu xanh nht. nhit -1120C, kh ozon
ha lng c mu xanh m. Ozon tan trong nc nhiu hn oxi gn 16 ln (100ml nc 0 0C
ha tan c 49 ml kh ozon).
2. Tnh cht ha hc: O3 c tnh oxi ha mnh hn O2
- Tc dng vi dung dch KI:
O3 + 2KI + H2O
O2 + 2KOH + I2
I2 to thnh lm xanh h tinh bt, phn ng trn dng nhn bit O3.
- Tc dng vi Ag:
O3 + 2Ag
3. iu ch:
Ag2O + O2
3O2
tia la
in
2O3
B. LU HUNH V HP CHT
-2
H2S
axit yu
+4
+6
SO2 (SO32-)
oxit axit
SO3
oxit axit
H2SO4 (axit mnh)
Cht oxiha
Cht kh, cht oxiha
Cht kh
I. LU HUNH
1) Tc dng vi kim loi:
Fe + S
t0
FeS;
Zn + S
t0
ZnS;
2Al + 3S
t0
Al2S3
2) Tc dng vi phi kim

- Tc dng vi hidro: H2 + S
t0
- Tc dng vi oxi:
t0
S + O2
H2S
SO2
II. HIRO SUNFUA

1) Tnh cht vt l: L cht kh khng mu, mi trng thi, nng hn khng kh (gp 1,17
ln), rt c. Ha lng -600C, ha rn -860C.
2) Tnh cht ha hc:
a) Tnh axit yu:
- Tc dng vi dung dch kim:
H2S + 2NaOH
Na2S + 2H2O ;
H2S + NaOH
NaHS + H2O
- Tc dng vi dung dch mui (phn ng nhn bit kh H2S)

H2S + Pb(NO3)2
PbS en + 2HNO3 ;
H2S + Cu(NO3)2
CuS en + 2HNO3
b) Tnh kh mnh
- Tc dng vi oxi:
2H2S + 3O2
t0
2SO2 + 2H2O;
2H2S + O2 oxi ho chm 2S + 2H2O
- Tc dng dung dch nc Cl2: H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O H2SO4 + 8HCl

- Tc dng vi hp cht: H2S + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S
3) iu ch :
FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S

ZnS + H2SO4 long ZnSO4 + H2S
III. LU HUNH IOXIT

1) Tnh cht vt l: L cht kh khng mu, mi hc, nng hn hai ln khng kh (gp 2,2
ln), ha lng -100C, tan nhiu trong nc, l kh c.
2) Tnh cht ha hc
a) Tnh cht ca oxit axit
- Tc dng vi nc axit sunfur: SO2 + H2O H2SO3
- Tc dng vi dung dch baz Mui + H2O:
SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 (1)
; SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O (2)
xc nh sn phm thu c ta lm nh sau:
: Ch xy ra p (1), sau (1) NaOH ht SO2 d;
a 1
mui thu c l NaHSO3
n NaOH
1 a 2: Xy ra p (1) v (2), sau (1, 2) NaOH ht SO2 ht;
t
n SO2
mui thu c l NaHSO3 v Na2SO3
a 2: Ch xy ra p (2), sau (2) NaOH d SO2 ht;

mui thu c l Na2SO3
SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O

(SO2 lm vn c nc vi trong)
- Tc dng vi oxit baz tan mui sunfit
Na2O + SO2 Na2SO3 ;
CaO + SO2 CaSO3
b) Tnh kh
0
VO ,t
2SO2 + O2
2SO3
2 5
- Tc dng vi dung dch nc clo, brom v cht oxi ha mnh:

SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HCl
- Tc dng vi oxi:
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr
(phn ng lm mt mu dung dch brom).
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4

c) Tnh oxi ha
- Tc dng vi H2S; Mg:
SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O ;
SO2 + 2Mg
t0
S + 2MgO
3) iu ch
- t qung sunfua:
2FeS2 + 11O2
t0
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 ;
2ZnS + 3O2
t0
2ZnO + 3SO2
- Cho mui sunfit, hirosunfit tc dng vi dung dch axit mnh:

Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
- t chy lu hunh: S + O2 SO2
- Cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c:
Cu + 2H2SO4 c CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
IV. LU HUNH TRIOXIT
1) Tnh cht vt l: L cht lng khng mu (nng chy 170C, si 450C). SO3 tan v hn
trong nc v trong axit sunfuric (to lum: H2SO4.nSO3).
2) Tnh cht ha hc: SO3 l oxit axit v l cht oxi ha.
- Tc dng vi nc axit sunfuric:
SO2 + H2O H2SO4
- Tc dng vi dung dch baz Mui + H2O:

SO3 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O ;
SO3 + NaOH NaHSO4
- Tc dng vi oxit baz tan mui sunfat
Na2O + SO3 Na2SO4 ;
BaO + SO3 BaSO4
3) iu ch:
VO ,t
2SO2 + O2
2 5
2SO3
V- AXIT SUNFURIC
1) Tnh cht vt l: Axit sunfuric l cht lng snh nh du, khng mu, khng bay hi, nng
gn gp hai ln nc (H2SO4 98% c D = 1,84 g/cm3). H2SO4 c rt d ht m.
2) Tnh cht ha hc
a) Tnh cht ca dung dch H2SO4 long (tnh axit mnh)
Lm qu tm chuyn sang mu
Tc dng vi kim loi (ng trc H) Mui + H2:
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4+ H2 ; 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Tc dng vi hiroxit (tan v khng tan) Mui + H2O
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O; H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 MgSO4 + 2H2O
Tc dng vi oxit baz Mui + H2O
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O; CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O
Tc dng vi mui (to kt ta hoc cht bay hi)
MgCO3 + H2SO4 MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O; Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
FeS + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2S ;
K2SO3 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl

b) Tnh cht ca dung dch H2SO4 c
Tnh axit mnh
- Tc dng vi hiroxit (tan v khng tan) Mui + H2O
H2SO4 c + NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O; H2SO4 c + Mg(OH)2 MgSO4 + H2O
- Tc dng vi oxit baz Mui + H2O
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 c Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O; CuO + H2SO4 c CuSO4 + H2O
- y cc axit d bay hi ra khi mui
H2SO4 c + NaCl tinh th
t0
NaHSO4 + HCl
H2SO4 c + CaF2 tinh th
t0
CaSO4 + 2HF
H2SO4 c + NaNO3 tinh th
t0
NaHSO4 + HNO3
Tnh oxi ho mnh

Tc dng vi nhiu kim loi, k c mt s kim loi ng sau H nh Cu, Ag:
t0
2Fe + 6H2SO4 c
Cu + 2H2SO4 c
t0
2Ag + 2H2SO4 c
t0
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O

CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O
Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Mt s kim loi mnh nh Mg, Zn c th kh H2SO4 c n S hoc H2S:

3Zn + 4H2SO4 c
t0
4Zn + 5H2SO4 c
t0
3ZnSO4 + S + 4H2O
4ZnSO4 + H2S + 4H2O
Lu : Cc kim loi Al, Fe khng tan trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui!
- Tc dng vi phi kim:

C + 2H2SO4 c
t0
S + 2H2SO4 c
t0
CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O

3SO2 + 2H2O
- Tc dng vi hp cht c tnh kh ( trng thi oxi ho thp)

2FeO + 4H2SO4 c
t0
Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
2FeCO3 + 4H2SO4 c
t0
2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 c
t0
3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O
2FeSO4 + 2H2SO4 c
t0
Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 2H2O
Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O
Tnh ho nc:
CuSO4.5H2O
H2SO4 dac
(mu xanh)
Cn(H2O)m
CuSO4
+ 5H2O
(mu trng)
H2SO4 dac
(cacbonhirat)
nC
+ mH2O
en
3) iu ch H2SO4
S iu ch:
Qung pirit st FeS2 hoc S
0
SO2 SO3 H2SO4.
Cc phn ng xy ra: 4FeS2 + 11O2
2Fe2O3 + 11SO2 (1)
hoc S + O2
t0
SO2 (2)
2SO2 + O2
V2O5, t0
2SO3 (3)
SO3 + H2O
H2SO4 (4)
VI. MUI SUNFAT V NHN BIT MUI SUNFAT
1) Mui sunfat: Mui sunfat l mui ca axit sunfuric. C hai loi:
- Mui trung ha (mui sunfat) cha ion sunfat (SO42-). Phn ln mui sunfat u tan, tr
BaSO4, CaSO4, PbSO4, khng tan.
- Mui axit (HSO4-).
2) Nhn bit ion sunfat (SO42-):
- Thuc th : ion Ba2+ (Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, ).
- Hin tng: Kt ta trng xut hin khng tan trong dung dch HCl.
- Phng trnh phn ng: Ba2+ + SO42-
BaSO4
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. Cp bit (5 cu)
Cu 1: thu kh oxi trong phng th nghim ngi ta dng cch no ?
A. Ri ch nc
B. Ri ch khng kh v nga bnh
C. Ri ch nc, ri ch khng kh v p bnh D. Ri ch khng kh v p bnh
Cu 2: Khng c rt nc vo H2SO4 c v:
A. H2SO4 c khi tan trong nc ta ra mt lng nhit ln gy ra hin tng nc si bn
ra ngoi, rt nguy him.
B. H2SO4 c rt kh tan trong nc.
C. H2SO4 tan trong nc v phn ng vi nc.
D. H2SO4 c c tnh oxi ha mnh s oxi ha nc to ra oxi.
Cu 3: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch

A. nhit phn KClO3 c xc tc MnO2.
B. nhit phn Cu(NO3)2.
C. in phn nc.
D. chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
Cu 4: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon ?
A. Ty trng cc loi tinh bt, du n.
B. Kh trng nc ung, kh mi.
C. Cha su rng, bo qun hoa qu.
D. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.
Cu 5: Tnh cht vt l no sau y khng ph hp vi SO2 ?
A. SO2 l cht kh khng mu, c mi hc. B. SO2 nng hn khng kh.
C. SO2 tan nhiu trong nc hn HCl.
D. SO2 ho lng 10 oC.
B2. Cp hiu (5 cu)
Cu 6: phn bit O2 v O3, ngi ta thng dng :
A. dung dch KI v h tinh bt B. dung dch H2SO4
C. dung dch CuSO4 D. nc
Cu 7: Lu hunh va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ha trong phn ng no sau y ?
A. S + O2 SO2
B. S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
C. S + Mg MgS
Cu 8: Cho cc phn ng sau :
(1)
SO2 + H2O H2SO3
D. S + 6NaOH 2Na2S + Na2SO3 + 3H2O

(2)
SO2 + CaO CaSO3
(3)
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr (4)
SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O
Trn c s cc phn ng trn, kt lun no sau y l ng vi tnh cht c bn ca SO2 ?
A. Trong cc phn ng (1,2) SO2 l cht oxi ho.
B. Trong phn ng (3), SO2 ng vai tr cht kh.
C. Phn ng (4) chng t tnh kh ca SO2 > H2S.
D. Trong phn ng (1), SO2 ng vai tr cht kh.
Cu 9: Trong iu kin thch hp, xy ra cc phn ng sau
(a) 2H2SO4 + C 2SO2 + CO2 + 2H2O
(b) H2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 FeSO4 + 2H2O
(c) 4H2SO4 + 2FeO Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
(d) 6H2SO4 + 2Fe Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Trong cc phn ng trn, phn ng xy ra vi dung dch H2SO4 long l
A. (a)
B. (c)
C. (b)
D. (d)
Cu 10: thu c cng mt th tch O2 nh nhau bng cch nhit phn hon ton KMnO4,
KClO3, KNO3, CaOCl2 (hiu sut bng nhau). Cht c khi lng cn dng t nht l :
A. KMnO4
B. KClO3
C. KNO3
D. CaOCl2
Cu 11: Mt hn hp gm O2, O3 iu kin tiu chun c t khi i vi hiro l 20. Thnh
phn % v th tch ca O3 trong hn hp l
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 75%
Cu 12: Cho hn hp gm 11,2 gam Fe v 8,8 gam FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Kh
sinh ra sc qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 d thy xut hin a gam kt ta mu en. Kt qu no sau
y ng ?
A. a =11,95 gam
B. a = 23,90 gam
C. a = 57,8 gam
D. a = 71,7 gam
Cu 13 : Cho s sau: cht X + H2SO4 c, nng + SO2 + ....
Vi k = nSO2/nX . Hy cho bit vi X l Fe, FeS v FeS 2 th X, Y tng ng vi cc gi tr
no sau y?
A. 1 ; 4 ; 7
B. 1 ; 3 ; 7,5
C. 1,5 ; 4 ; 7,5
D. 1,5 ; 4,5 ; 7,5
Cu 14 : t 14 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Cu trong khng kh thu c 20,4 gam hn hp Y

gm 3 oxit kim loi. Xc nh th tch dung dch H 2SO4 1M cn dng ha tan va ht 20,4
gam hn hp Y.
A. 200 ml
B. 400 ml
C. 300 ml
D. 500 ml
Cu 15: Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh SO2 ( ktc) bng 120 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M. Sau
phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 21,70.
B. 19,53.
C. 32,55.
D. 26,04
Cu 16: Nhit phn 4,385 gam hn hp X gm KClO3 v KMnO4, thu c O2 v m gam
cht rn gm K2MnO4, MnO2 v KCl . Ton b lng O2 tc dng ht vi cacbon nng , thu
c 0,896 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2 l 16. Thnh phn % theo khi lng
ca KMnO4 trong X l:
A. 62,76%
B. 74,92%
C. 72,06%
D. 27,94%
Cu 17: Cho 0,015 mol mt loi hp cht oleum vo nc thu c 200 ml dung dch X.
trung ho 100 ml dung dch X cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M. Phn
trm v khi lng ca nguyn t lu hunh trong oleum trn l
A. 35,95%.
B. 37,86%.
C. 32,65%.
D. 23,97%.
Cu 18: Hn hp A gm O2 v O3 c t khi so vi hiro l 19,2. Hn hp B gm H2 v
CO c t khiso vi hiro l 3,6. Th tch kh A (ktc) cn d ng t chy hon ton 3
mol kh B l
A. 9,3 lt.
B. 28,0 lt.
C. 22,4 lt.
D. 16,8 lt.
Cu 19: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 49,6 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Cu,
CuO v Cu2O. Ho tan hon ton X trong H2SO4 c nng thot ra 8,96 lt SO2 duy nht
(ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,2.
B. 29,44.
C. 42,24.
D. 44,8.
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm FexOy v Cu bng dung dch
H2SO4 c nng (d). Sau ph n ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc) v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn h p mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu
trong X l :
A. 39,34%.
B. 65,57%.
C. 26,23%.
D. 13,11%.
P N:
1 2 3
A A A
4
D
5
C
6
A
7
D
8
B
9
C
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B C A D B B C A B D C
CHNG 7: TC PHN NG V CN BNG HO HC

A. KIN THC C BN
I. Tc phn ng ha hc
1) nh ngha, biu thc tnh.
a) nh ngha :Tc phn ng l bin thin nng ca mt trong cc cht phn ng
hoc sn phm trong mt n v thi gian.
n v : mol/l.s hoc mol/l.ph ; mol/l.h
b) Biu thc tnh:
Gi s ta c phn ng tng qut :

a.A + b.B + ...
c. C + d.D + ...
Ti thi im t1
C1A
C1B
C1C
C1D (mol/l)
Ti thi im t2
C2A
C2B
C2C
C2D (mol/l)
Tc trung bnh ca phn ng tnh theo cc cht nh sau :
Cht tham gia phn ng : Nng cc cht gim theo thi gian.
C1A C A2
C A2 C 1A
C A
vA
;
t2 t1
t2 t1
t
CB1 CB2
CB2 CB1
CB
vB
t2 t1
t2 t1
t
Cht sn phm : Nng cc cht tng theo thi gian

CC2 CC1
C
vC
C
t2 t1
t
CD2 CD1
CD
; vD
t2 t1
t
Tc trung bnh ca phn ng :

1
1
1
1
1 C
1 C
1 C
1 C
v .vA .vB .vC .vD ; v . A . B . C . D
a
b
c
d
a t
b t
c t
d t
2) Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng.
- Nng : Khi tng nng cht phn ng, tc phn ng tng.
- p sut : i vi phn ng c cht kh, khi tng p sut, tc phn ng tng
- Nhit : Khi tng nhit , tc phn ng tng.
- Din tch b mt : Khi tng din tch b mt (p nh cht rn) cht phn ng, tc phn
ng tng.
- Cht xc tc : Cht xc tc l cht lm tng tc phn ng, nhng cn li sau khi phn ng
kt thc. Cht lm gim tc phn ng c gi l cht c ch phn ng.
3) ngha thc tin ca tc phn ng :
Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng c vn dng nhiu trong i sng v trong sn
xut.
- Nhit ca ngn la axetilen chy trong oxi cao hn nhiu so vi chy trong khng kh,
to nhit hn cao.
- Nu thc phm trong ni p sut chng chn hn so vi khi nu chng p sut thng.
- Cc cht t rn nh than, ci c kch thc nh hn s chy nhanh hn.
- tng tc tng hp NH 3 t N2, H2 ngi ta phi dng cht xc tc, tng nhit v
thc hin p sut cao.
II. Cn bng ha hc
Phn ng thun nghch
n bng ng)
vt vn (trng thi c
1) Cn bng ha hc :
c trng : Kc (hng s cn bng) Nhit , bn cht phn ng

2) Cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ha hc.
Nguyn l L Satli (Nguyn l cn bng ng). Nu thay i t bn ngoi ln mt
h phn ng ang trng thi cn bng mt iu kin no (nhit , p sut, nng th
cn bng s chuyn dch v pha lm gim s thay i . C th :
* Nhit :
- Nu tng nhit th cn bng chuyn dch v pha phn ng thu nhit (H >0), lm gim
nhit .
- Nu gim nhit th cn bng chuyn dch v pha phn ng ta nhit (H < 0), lm tng
nhit .
* p sut : p sut ch nh hng n cn bng ha hc c cht kh tham gia v tng s mol

cc cht kh trc phn ng v sau phn ng khc nhau.
- Nu tng p sut cn bng ca h th cn bng s chuyn dch v pha gim s mol kh tc
lm gim p sut.
- Nu gim p sut th cn bng chuyn dch v pha tng s mol kh tc l lm tng p sut.
* Nng :
- Nu gim nng mt cht trong h phn ng th cn bng s chuyn dch v pha lm tng
nng cht ny (chiu to ra cht ny).
- Nu tng nng mt cht trong h phn ng th cn bng s chuyn dch v pha lm gim
nng cht ny (chiu cht ny phn ng).
Lu : Cht xc tc khng lm cn bng chuyn dch, nu phn ng thun nghch cha
trng thi cn bng th cht xc tc c tc dng l cho cn bng c thit lp nhanh chng
hn.
3) ngha ca tc phn ng v cn bng ha hc trong sn xut.
Vd1 : Trong qu trnh sn xut axit sunfuric phi thc hin phn ng sau :
2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)

2SO3 (k) ; H = -198 kJ
cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng thun, ngi ta dng mt lng d
khng kh, ngha l tng nng oxi.
Vd2 : Trong cng nghip, amoniac c tng hp theo phn ng sau :
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
2NH3 (k) ; H = -92 kJ
tng hiu sut tng hp NH3, ngi ta tin hnh phn ng p sut cao v nhit
thch hp.
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. Cp bit (5 cu)
Cu 1: Hy cho bit ngi ta s dng yu t no trong s cc yu t sau tng tc phn
ng trong trng hp rc men vo tinh bt c nu chn (cm, ng, khoai, sn)
ru?
A. Nhit .
B. Xc tc.
C. Nng .
D. p sut.
Cu 2: Hnh v no sau y biu din trng thi cn bng ho hc?
A. A
B. C
Cu 3: Cho cn bng ha hc: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
C. D
D. B
2NH3 (k); phn ng thun l phn ng
ta nhit. Cn bng ha hc khng b dch chuyn khi

A. thay i nng N2.
B. thm cht xc tc Fe.
C. thay i p sut ca h.
D. thay i nhit .
Cu 4: Hng s cn bng ca phn ng xc nh ch ph thuc vo
A. nhit .
B. p sut.
C. cht xc tc.
Cu 5: Cho cn bng (trong bnh kn) sau:
CO (k) + H2O (k)
CO 2 (k) + H2 (k)
D. nng .
;H < 0
Trong cc yu t: (1) tng nhit ; (2) thm mt lng hi nc; (3) thm mt lng H2; (4)
tng p sut chung ca h; (5) dng cht xc tc.
Dy gm cc yu t u lm thay i cn bng ca h l:
A. (1), (2), (3).
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D. (1), (4), (5).
B2. Cp hiu (5 cu)
Cu 6: Cho cc cn bng ho hc:
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
2NH3 (k)
(1) H2 (k) + I2 (k)
(2) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
(3)2NO2 (k)
2SO3 (k)
2HI (k)
N2O4 (k) (4)
Khi thay i p sut nhng cn bng ha hc b chuyn dch l:

A. (1), (2), (3).
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (3), (4).
Cu 7: Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn:
2NO2(k)
D. (1), (2), (4).
N2O4(k)
(mu nu )
(khng mu)
Bit khi h nhit ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c
A. H > 0, phn ng ta nhit.
B. H < 0, phn ng ta nhit.
C. H > 0, phn ng thu nhit.
D. H < 0, phn ng thu nhit.
Cu 8: Cho cn bng ha hc: H2 (k) + I2 (k)
2HI (k); H
Cn bng khng b chuyn dch khi:

A. gim nng HI.
C. tng nhit ca h.
B. tng nng H2.

D. gim p sut chung ca h.
o
Cu 9: Xt phn ng phn hy N2O5 trong dung mi CCl4 45 C:
1
O2
2
Ban u nng ca N2O5 l 2,33M, sau 184 giy nng ca N2O5 l 2,08M. Tc
trung bnh ca phn ng tnh theo N2O5 l
N2O5
t0
N2O4
A. 6,80.10-4 mol/(l.s). B. 2,72.10-3 mol/(l.s). C. 1,36.10-3 mol/(l.s). D. 6,80.10-3 mol/(l.s).

Cu 10: Trong phn ng iu ch kh oxi trong phng th nghim bng cch nhit phn mui
kali clorat, ngi ta dng cc bin php sau y:
(1) Dng cht xc tc mangan ioxit (MnO2).
(2) Nung hn hp kali clorat v mangan ioxit nhit cao.
(3) Dng phng php di nc thu kh oxi.
(4) Dng kali clorat v mangan ioxit khan.
Nhm gm cc bin php c s dng nhm mc ch tng tc phn ng l
A. (1), (2), (4).
B. (1), (2), (3). C. (2), (3), (4)
D. (1), (2), (3), (4).
Cu 11: Cho cn bng ho hc: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
t0 ,xt
2SO3 (k); phn ng thun l
phn ng to nhit. Pht biu ng l:

A. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
B. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi gim p sut h phn ng.
C. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng O2.
D. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng SO3.
Cu 12: Cho cht xc tc MnO2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2O2, sau 60 giy thu c
33,6 ml kh O2 ( ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H 2O2) trong 60 giy
trn l
A. 5, 0.10 4 mol/(l.s). B. 5, 0.10 5 mol/(l.s).
C. 1, 0.103 mol/(l.s).
D. 2, 5.10 4
mol/(l.s).
Cu 13: Cho phn ng: Br2 + HCOOH 2HBr + CO2.
Nng ban u ca Br2 l a mol/lt, sau 50 giy nng Br2 cn li l 0,01 mol/lt. Tc
trung bnh ca phn ng trn tnh theo Br2 l 4.10-5 mol/(l.s). Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,018.
B. 0,016.
C. 0,014.
D. 0,012.
0
Cu 14: Khi nhit tng ln 10 C, tc ca mt phn ng ho hc tng ln 3 ln. Ngi
ta ni rng tc phn ng ho hc trn c h s nhit bng 3. iu khng nh no sau
y l ng?
A. Tc phn ng tng ln 243 ln khi nhit tng t 200C ln 500C.
B. Tc phn ng tng ln 27 ln khi nhit tng t 200C ln 500C.
C. Tc phn ng tng ln 256 ln khi nhit tng t 200C ln 500C.
D. Tc phn ng tng ln 81 ln khi nhit tng t 200C ln 500C.
Cu 15: H s nhit ca tc phn ng l gi tr no sau y? Bit rng khi tng nhit
ln thm 500C th tc phn ng tng ln 1024 ln.
A. 2,0
B. 3,0
C. 4,0
D. 2,5
Cu 16: Cho cn bng 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)

2SO3 (k). Khi tng nhi t th t khi ca
hn hp kh so vi H2 gim i. Pht biu ng khi ni v cn bng ny l :
A. Phn ng nghch to nhi t, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thu n khi tng nhi t .
B. Phn ng thu n to nhi t , cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng nhi t .
C. Phn ng nghch thu nhi t, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thu n khi tng nhi t .
D. Phn ng thu n thu nhi t, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng nhi t .
Cu 17: Xt cn bng: N2O4 (k)
2NO2 (k) 250C. Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi
cn bng mi nu nng ca N2O4 tng ln 9 ln th nng ca NO2

A. tng 9 ln.
B. tng 3 ln.
C. tng 4,5 ln.
D. gim 3 ln.
Cu 18: Cho cc cn bng sau:
1
1
H2(k) I 2(k
)
HI (k)
(1) H2 (k) + I2 (k)
2HI (k)
(2)
2
2
1
1
)
H2(k) I 2(k)
(3) HI (k
(4) 2HI (k
)
H2(k) I 2(k)
2
2
(5) H2 (k) + I2 (r)
2HI (k)
nhit xc nh, nu KC ca cn bng (1) bng 64 th KC bng 0,125 l ca cn bng

A. (2).
B. (4).
C. (3).
D. (5).
Cu 19: Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N2 v H2 vi nng
tng ng l 0,3M v 0,7M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH3 t trng thi cn bng t
o
o
C, H2 chim 50% th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn bng K C t C ca phn ng c
gi tr l
A. 2,500.
B. 3,125.
C. 0,609.
D. 0,500.
Cu 20: Ho tan hon 1 ming Zn trong dung dch HCl. Nu thc hin phn ng 20 oc th
ht 27 pht. Nu thc hin phn ng 40oc th ht 3 pht. Nu thc hin phn ng 55oc th
ht thi gian l :
A. 134,64 giy.
B. 314 giy.
C. 34,64 giy.
D. 54,64 giy.
P N:
1 2 3
B B B
4
A
5
A
6
C
7
B
8
D
9
C
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A C A D B C B B C B C
LP 11
CHNG I: S IN LI
A. KIN THC C BN
I. S IN LI:
1. S in li: l qu trnh phn li cc cht trong nc ra ion.
2. Cht in li: l nhng cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra ion. (axit, baz, mui).
II. PHN LOI CC CHT IN LI:
1. in li: ( )
a. nh ngha: in li ca cht in li l t s gia s phn t phn li ra ion (n) v tng
s phn t ha tan (no)
b. Biu thc
n

= C/Co
Vi K: 0 < 1.
n0
n: s phn t ho tan;
n0: s phn t ban u.
2. Cht in li mnh v cht in li yu:
a. Cht in li mnh: L nhng cht khi tan trong nc, cc phn t ho tan u phn li ra
ion ( 1 , phng trnh biu din bng mi tn mt chiu: ).
* Lu : Cht in li mnh gm
- Axit mnh: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HXO4 v HX ( Vi X: Cl, Br, I)
- Baz mnh: MOH ( M:Kim loi kim) v M(OH) 2 (Vi M:kim loi kim th tr Mg,
Be)
- Mui: Hu ht cc mui (tr HgCl2, Hg(CN)2 ).
b. Cht in li yu: L nhng cht khi tan trong nc, ch c mt phn s phn t ho tan
phn li ra ion. (0 < < 1, phng trnh biu din bng mi tn hai chiu: ).
* Lu : Cht in li yu gm
- Axit trung bnh v yu: Hay gp nh cc axit hu c, HClO, HF, H2SO3, H2CO3, H2S.
- Baz trung bnh yu: Hay gp nh Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, NH3.
- Mui: Mt s mui
c. Cn bng in li: lu :
Ch xy ra i vi cc cht in li yu v cn bng in li l cn bng ng
d. nh hng ca s pha trn n in li : Khi pha long tng.
III. AXIT, BAZ V MUI:
1. Axit v baz theo thuyt A-r-ni-ut:
a. nh ngha:
- Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation H+
- Baz l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra anion OHb. Axit nhiu nc, baz nhiu nc:
- Nhng axit khi tan trong nc m phn t phn li nhiu nc ra cation H + l cc axit nhiu
nc. Vd: H3PO4
- Nhng baz khi tan trong nc m phn t phn li nhiu nc ra anion OH - l cc baz
nhiu nc.
c. Hiroxit lng tnh:
- nh ngha: l nhng hiroxit khi tan trong nc va c kh nng phn li nh mt axit, va
c kh nng phn li nh mt baz.
- Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3;Pb(OH)2, Sn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, , Cr(OH)3.
2. Axit, baz theo Bronstet:
a. nh ngha: - Axit l cht (hoc ion) nhng proton H+.
- Baz l cht (hoc ion) nhn proton.
*Ch :
Anion gc axit cn H ca axit yu (H 2CO3, H2SO3, H2S, H3PO4, ) u l cht lng tnh,
cn anion khng cn H ca axit yu u l baz.
b. Hng s phn li axit (Ka) v baz (Kb):
Vd:
CH3COOH CH3COO + H
[H + ].[CH 3COO - ]
Ka =
[CH3COOH]
CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO + H
[H3O + ].[CH 3COO- ]

Ka =
[CH 3COOH]
NH3 + H2O NH4 + OH
[NH +4 ].[OH - ]
Kb =
[NH 3 ]
K CO2-
CO32- + H2O HCO3- + OH-
[OH - ].[HCO3- ]
[CO32- ]
c. Quan h gia Ka v Kb:

TQ:
Axit Baz + H+
Hng s phn li axit Ka, hng s phn li baz Kb th K a
K w 1014
Kb
Kb
d. Mui axit, mui trung ho:

- Mui axit: L mui m gc axit cn H c kh nng cho proton.
- Mui trung ho: L mui m gc axit khng cn H c kh nng cho proton.
Lu : Nu gc axit cn H, nhng H ny khng c kh nng cho proton th cng l
mui trung ho
Vd: Na2HPO3, NaH2PO2 d l gc axit cn H nhng vn l mui trung ho, v H ny khng
c kh nng cho proton.
H3PO3 axit photphor (iaxit), H3PO2 axit hipophotphor (monoaxit).
O
O
H
P
H O
H O
Axit hipophotphor
P H
O
H
Axit photphor
IV. pH CA DUNG DCH:

CNG THC
+
pH = - lg[H ]
pOH = - lg[OH-]
[H+].[OH-] = 10-14
pH + pOH = 14
pH = a [H+] = 10-a
pOH = b [OH-] = 10-b
MI TRNG
pH < 7 Mi trng axt
pH > 7 Mi trng baz
pH = 7 Mi trng trung tnh
[H+] cng ln Gi tr pH cng b
[OH-] cng ln Gi tr pH cng ln
V. PHN NG TRAO I ION:

1. Phn ng trao i ion:
a. Dng thng gp:
MUI + AXIT MUI MI + AXIT MI
K: - Axit mi l axit yu hn axit phn ng hoc mui mi khng tan.
MUI + BAZ MUI MI + BAZ MI
K: Mui phn ng v baz phn ng phi tan, ng thi sn phm phi c t nht mt cht
khng tan.
MUI + MUI MUI MI + MUI MI
K: Hai mui phn ng phi tan, ng thi sn phm to thnh phi c t nht mt cht kt
ta.
b. Cch vit phn ng ho hc dng ion:
- Bc 1: Vit phng trnh phn t c cn bng.

- Bc 2: Vit phng trnh ion y theo nguyn tc sau:
+ Cht in li mnh phn li hon ton ton thnh ion.
+ Cht in li yu nh H2O, cht kt ta hoc bay hi th nguyn dng phn t.
+ Trit tiu nhng ion ging nhau ca hai v phng trnh ion y ta c phng
trnh ion rt gn.
* Lu : nh lut bo ton in tch: Trong mt dung dch nu tn ti ng thi cc ion
dng v ion m th: Tng s in tch dng bng tng s in tch m.
2. Phn ng thu phn mui:
Dng mui
Mui trung ha to bi
cation ca axit mnh vi
anion ca baz mnh
Mui trung ha to bi
cation ca axit mnh vi
anion ca baz yu
Mui trung ha to bi
cation ca axit yu vi anion
ca baz mnh
Mui trung ha to bi
cation ca axit yu vi anion
ca baz yu
Phn ng thu phn

Khng thu phn
pH ca dung dch
pH = 7
C thu phn (Cation kim pH < 7

loi b thu phn, to mt axit)
C thu phn ( Anion gc axit pH > 7
b thu phn, to mt baz)
C thu phn (C cation kim Tu vo Ka, Kb qu trnh
loi v anion gc axit u b thu phn no chim u th,
thu phn)
s cho mi trng axit hoc
baz.
B. CU HI V BI TP:
B1. CP BIT (5 cu) :
Cu 1: Phng trnh in li no di y vit khng ng ?
A. HCl H+ + Cl-.
B. CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ .
C. H3PO4 3H+ + 3PO43- .
D. Na3PO4 3Na+ + PO43- .
Cu 2: Dy cht no sau y, trong nc u l cht in li yu ?
A. H2S, H2SO3, H2SO4, NH3.
B. H2CO3, H3PO4, CH3COOH, Ba(OH)2.
C. H2S, CH3COOH, HClO, NH3.
D. H2CO3, H2SO3, HClO, Al2(SO4)3.
Cu 3: Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no sai:
A. NaHSO4 + BaCl2 BaCl2 + NaCl + HCl
B. 2NaHSO4 + BaCl2 Ba(HSO4)2 + 2NaCl
C. NaHSO4 + NaHCO3 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 D. Ba(HCO3)2+NaHSO4BaSO4+NaHCO3
Cu 4: Mt dd c cha cc ion: Mg2+ (0,05 mol), K+ (0,15 mol), NO3- (0,1 mol), v SO42- (x
mol). Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,05.
B. 0,075.
C. 0,1.
D. 0,15.
Cu 5. Pha long dung dch HCl c pH = 3 bao nhiu ln c dung dch mi c pH = 4 ?
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 9.
D. 10.
B2. CP HIU (5 cu) :
Cu 6: Nhng giy qu tm vo dung dch NaHCO3 th
A. giy qu tm b mt mu.
B. giy qu chuyn t mu tm thnh mu xanh.
C. giy qu khng i mu.
D. giy qu chuyn t mu tm thnh mu
2+
Cu 7: Dung dch A cha cc ion: Fe (0,1 mol), Al3+ (0,2 mol), Cl- (x mol), SO42- (y mol).
C cn dung dch A thu c 46,9g mui rn. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l
A. 0,1 v 0,35.
B. 0,3 v 0,2.
C. 0,2 v 0,3.
D. 0,4 v 0,2.
Cu 8: Ha tan a gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O vo 150g dung dch CuSO4 10% thu c dung
dch mi c nng 43,75%. Gi tr ca a l
A. 150.
B. 250.
C. 200.
D. 240.
Cu 9: Trn 200 ml dung dch gm HCl 0,1M v H 2SO4 0,05M vi 300 ml dung dch
Ba(OH)2 nng x M thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 13. Gi tr ca x
v m ln lt l
A. x = 0,015; m = 2,33.
B. x = 0,150; m = 2,33.
C. x = 0,200; m = 3,23.
D. x = 0,020; m = 3,23.
Cu 10: Cu 34. Dung dch A gm HCl 0,2M; HNO 3 0,3M; H2SO4 0,1M; HClO4 0,3M, dung
dch B gm KOH 0,3M; NaOH 0,4M v Ba(OH)2 0,15M. Cn trn A v B theo t l th tch l
bao nhiu c dung dch c pH = 13
A. 11: 9.
B. 9 : 11.
C. 101 : 99.
D. 99 : 101.
B2. CP VN DNG THP (5 cu) :
Cu 11: Dy sp xp cc dung dch long c nng mol/l nh nhau theo th t pH tng dn
l:
A. KHSO4, HF, H2SO4, Na2CO3.
B. HF, H2SO4, Na2CO3, KHSO4.
C. H2SO4, KHSO4, HF, Na2CO3.
D. HF, KHSO4, H2SO4, Na2CO3.
Cu 12: 100ml dd A cha NaOH 0,1M v NaAlO2 0,3M. Thm t t dd HCl 0,1M vo dd A cho
n khi kt ta tan tr li mt phn. em nung kt ta n khi lng khng i th c 1,02g cht
rn. Th tch dd HCl 0,1M d dng l:
A. 0,7 lt.
B. 0,5 lt.
C. 0,6 lt.
D. 0,55 lt.
Cu 13: Hp th hon ton 1,568 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 500ml dung dch NaOH 0,16M thu c
dung dch X. Thm 250 ml dung dich Y gm BaCl 2 0,16M v Ba(OH)2 a mol/l vo dung dch
X thu c 3,94 gam kt ta v dung dch Z. Tnh a?
A. 0,02M.
B. 0,04M.
C. 0,03M.
D. 0,015M.
2+
2+
Cu 14: Dung dch E cha cc ion Mg , SO4 , NH4 , Cl . Chia dung dch E ra 2 phn bng
nhau: Cho phn I tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, c 0,58 gam kt ta v
0,672 lit kh (ktc). Phn II tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d, c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng
khi lng cc cht tan trong dung dch E bng
A. 6,11g.
B. 3,055g.
C. 5,35g.
D. 9,165g.
Cu 15:Ho tan 10,6 gam Na2CO3 v 6,9 gam K2CO3 vo nc thu c dung dch X. Thm
t t m gam dung dch HCl 5% vo X thy thot ra 0,12 mol kh. Gi tr ca m l:
A.87,6.
B. 175,2.
C. 39,4.
D. 197,1.
B2. CP VN DNG CAO (5 cu) :
Cu 16: Cho dung dch cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NaOH, (NH4)2CO3, KHSO4, BaCl2. S phn
ng xy ra khi trn dung dch cc cht vi nhau tng i mt l
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 8.
D. 9.
Cu 17: Xt pH ca bn dung dch c nng mol/lt bng nhau l dung dch HCl c pH = a;
dung dch H2SO4 c pH = b; dung dch NH4Cl c pH = c v dung dch NaOH c pH = d.
Nhn nh no di y l ng ?
A. d<c<a<b.
B. c<a<d<b.
C. a<b<c<d.
D. b<a<c<d.
+
2Cu 18. Dung dch X cha cc ion: 0,06 mol K , x mol Cl , y mol CO3 , 0,08 mol Na+, 0,06
mol NH4+ c cn dung dch thu c 11,48 gam mui khan, cho dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d vo X
thu c m gam kt ta v V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca m v V l
A. 15,76 g v 1,344 lt
B. 15,76 g v 1,792 lt
C. 11,82 g v 1,344 lt
D. 11,82 g v 1,792 lt
Cu 19: Hp th hon ton 13,44 lt CO2 ( ktc) bng 500 ml dung dch NaOH aM thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo X c 1,12 lt kh ( ktc) thot ra. Gi
tr ca a l:
A. 1,5M.
B. 1,2M.
C. 2,0M.
D. 1,0M.
Cu 20: Cho 250 gam dung dch FeCl3 6,5% vo 150 gam dung dch Na2CO3 10,6% thu c kh
A, kt ta B v dung dch X. Thm m gam dung dch AgNO 3 21,25% vo dung dch X thu c
dung dch Y c nng % cu NaCl l 1,138%. Gi tr ca m l ?
A. 140 gam.
B. 113,2 gam.
C. 176,0gam.
D. 160 gam.
C. P N
1
C
2
C
3
B
4
B
5
D
6
B
7
C
8
B
9
B
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B C D A A D C D A A D
CHNG 2: NIT PHOTPHO

A. KIN THC C BN V TRNG TM
I. NIT V HP CHT
1. Nit
a) Cu to phn t
- Cu hnh electron : 1s22s22p3
- CTCT : N N v CTPT : N2
b) Tnh cht vt l
- L cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v, hi nh hn khng kh ( d = 28/29), ha
lng -196oC. Nit t tan trong nc, ho lng v ho rn nhit rt thp. Khng duy tr
s chy v s h hp .
c)Tnh cht ha hc
Tnh oxi ho : Phn t nit c lin kt ba rt bn, nn nit kh tr v mt ha hc
nhit thng.
Tc dng vi hidr : nhit cao, p sut cao v c xc tc ,nit phn ng vi hidr
to amoniac. y l phn ng thun nghch v to nhit :
0
to,p,xt
N2 + 3H2
2NH3 H = -92KJ
Tc dng vi kim loi
3
0
- nhit thng, nit ch tc dng vi liti to liti nitrua : 6Li + N2 2Li3N
- nhit cao , nit tc dng vi nhiu kim loi :
3Mg + N 2 Mg3N2 (magie
nitrua)
Nit th hin tnh oxi ho khi tc dng vi nguyn t c m in nh hn .
Tnh kh:
- nhit cao (30000C) Nit phn ng vi oxi to nit monoxit
+2
0
N2 + O2 2NO (khng mu )
- iu kin thng, nit monoxit tc dng vi oxi khng kh to nit dioxit mu nu
+2
+4
2NO + O2 2NO2
Nit th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi nguyn t c m in ln hn.

- Cc oxit khc ca nit : N2O , N2O3, N2O5 khng iu ch c trc tip t ni v oxi
d) iu ch :
Trong cng nghip: Nit c sn xut bng cch chng ct phn on khng kh lng
Trong phng th nghim : Nhit phn mui nitrit
NH4NO2
t0
N2 + 2H2O
0
t
NH4Cl + NaNO2
N2 + NaCl +2H2O
2. Amoniac v mui amoni

2.1 Amoniac : NH3
Trong phn t NH3, N lin kt vi ba nguyn t hidro bng ba lin kt cng ha tr c cc.
NH3 c cu to hnh chp vi nguyn t Nit nh. Nit cn mt cp electron ha tr l
nguyn nhn tnh baz ca NH3.
a) Tnh cht vt l.
b) Tnh cht ha hc
Tnh baz yu
Tc dng vi nc: NH3 + H2O
NH4+ + OHThnh phn dung dch gm: NH3, NH4+, OH-.
dung dch NH3 l dung dch baz yu.
Tc dng vi dung dch mui to kt ta hidroxit ca cc kim loi :
AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl ;
Al3+ + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4+
Tc dng vi axit to mui amoni:
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl (amoni clorua)
2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 (amoni sunfat)
Tnh kh
Tc dng vi oxi: 4NH3 + 3O2 t 2N2 + 6H2O
Nu c Pt l xc tc , ta thu c kh NO.
4NH3 + 5O2
4 NO + 6H2O
Pt
Tc dng vi clo : 2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl
NH3 kt hp ngay vi HCl va sinh ra to khi trng NH4Cl
c) iu ch
Trong phng th nghim : Bng cch un nng mui amoni vi Ca(OH)2
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 t CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Trong cng nghip : Tng hp t nit v hiro N2(k) + 3H2(k)
2NH3(k)H < O
0
Nhit : 450 500 C; p sut : t 200 300 atm v xc tc : st kim loi c trn thm
Al2O3, K2O,...
Lm lnh hn hp kh bay ra, NH3 ha lng c tch ring .
2.2 MUI AMONI : l tinh th ion gm cation NH4+ v anion gc axit
a) Tnh cht vt l: Tan nhiu trong nc, in li hon ton thnh cc ion, ion NH 4+ khng
mu.
b) Tnh cht ha hc :
Tc dng vi dung dch kim: ( nhn bit ion amoni, iu ch amoniac trong phng th
nghim).
(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH t 2NH3 + 2H2O + Na2SO4 ;
o
NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O

Phn ng nhit phn :
- Mui amoni cha gc ca axit khng c tnh oxi ha khi un nng b phn hy thnh NH3
Th d : NH4Cl(r) t NH3(k) + HCl(k)
NH4HCO3 t NH3 + CO2 + H2O ; NH4HCO3 c dng lm xp bnh
- Mui amoni cha gc ca axit c tnh oxi ha nh axit nitro , axit nitric khi b nhit phn
cho ra N2 , N2O (inito oxit)
Th d : NH4NO2 t N2 + 2H2O
NH4NO3 t N2O + 2H2O
3. AXIT NITRIC V MUI NITRIAC
3.1. AXIT NITRIC
a) Cu to phn t
CTPT: HNO3
O
CTCT: H - O N
O
Nit c s oxi ha cao nht l + 5
b) Tnh cht vt l
c) Tnh cht ha hc
Tnh axit
L mt trong s cc axit mnh nht, trong dung dch HNO3 in li : HNO3 H + + NO3
- Dung dch axit HNO 3 c y tnh cht ca mt dung dch axit : lm qu tm , tc
dng vi oxit baz, baz, mui ca axit yu hn.
CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O ;
Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
Tnh oxi ha : Ty vo nng ca axit v bn cht ca cht kh m HNO 3 c th b kh
n NO2, NO, N2O, N2, NH4NO3
Vi kim loi : HNO3 oxi ha hu ht cc kim loi (tr vng v platin) khng gii phng kh
H2
- Do ion NO3- c kh nng oxi ha mnh hn H+. Khi kim loi b oxi ha n mc oxi
ha cao nht
- Vi nhng kim loi c tnh kh yu nh : Cu, Agth HNO3 c b kh n NO2 : HNO3
long b kh n NO
Vd:
Cu + 4HNO3 c Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H 2O.
3Cu + 8HNO3 long 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
- Khi tc dng vi nhng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn nh : Mg, Zn , Al ....
+ HNO3 c b kh n NO2
+ HNO3 long c th b kh n N2O, N2 hoc NH4NO3.
+ Fe, Al b th ng ha trong dung dch HNO3 c ngui
Vi phi kim: Khi ung nng HNO3 c c th tc dng c vi S, P , S ....
Th d S + 6HNO3(c) H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
Vi hp cht : cc hp cht cha nguyn t cha c s oxi ha cao nht VD: H2S, Hl, SO2,
FeO, mui st (II): c th tc dng vi HNO3 nguyn t b oxi ha trong hp cht chuyn
ln mc oxi ha cao hn .
3FeO + 10HNO3() 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
o
3H2S + 2HNO3() 3S + 2NO + 4H2O

- Nhiu hp cht hu c nh giy , vi , du thng .... bc chy khi tip xc vi HNO3 c .
d) iu ch
Trong phng th nghim: NaNO3 (r) + H2SO4c t HNO3 + NaHSO4
Trong cng nghip: c sn xut t amoniac : NH3 NO NO2 HNO3
- Nhit t0 = 850-900oC, xt : Pt : 4NH3 +5O2 4NO +6H2O ; H = 907kJ
o
2NO + O2 2NO2
- Oxi ha NO thnh NO2 :
- Chuyn ha NO2 thnh HNO3: 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4HNO3 .

Dung dch HNO3 thu c c nng 60 - 62% . Chng ct vi H 2SO4 m c thu c
dung dch HNO3 96 - 98%
3.2. Mui nitrat
a) Tnh cht vt l : D tan trong nc , l cht in li mnh trong dung dch, chng phn li
hon ton thnh cc ion. Th d : Ca(NO3)2 Ca2+ + 2NO3Ion NO3 - khng c mu, mu ca mt s mui nitrat l do mu ca cation kim loi. Mt s
mui nitrat d b chy ra nh NaNO3, NH4NO3.
b) Tnh cht ha hc : Cc mui nitrat d b phn hy khi un nng
t 0 Nitrit + O
- Mui nitrat ca cc kim loi hot ng ( trc Mg) Nitrat
2
2KNO3
2KNO2 + O2
t0
- Mui nitrat ca cc kim loi t Mg Cu : Nitrat Oxit kim loi + NO2 + O2
2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
t0
-Mui nitrat ca kim loi km hot ng (sau Cu) Nitrat kim loi + NO2 + O2
2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
c) Nhn bit ion nitrat (NO3 )

Trong mi trng axit , ion NO3 th hin tinh oxi ha ging nh HNO3. Do thuc th
dng nhn bit ion NO3 l hn hp vn ng v dung dch H2SO4 long, un nng.
Hin tng : dung dch c mu xanh, kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh.
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2 NO + 4H2O
(dd mu xanh)
2NO + O2 ( khng kh) 2NO2 (mu nu )
II. PHOTPHO V HP CHT
1. Photpho
a) Tnh cht ha hc :
Do lin kt trong phn t photpho km bn hn phn t nit nn iu kin thng photpho
hot ng ho hc mnh hn nit.
Tnh oxi ho: Photpho ch th hin r rt tnh oxi ho khi tc dng vi mt s kim loi hot
ng, to ra photphua kim loi.
0
Vd: 2 P 3Ca
to
Ca3 P2
canxi photphua
Tnh kh: Photpho th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi cc phi kim hot ng nh oxi,
halogen, lu hunh cng nh vi cc cht oxi ha mnh khc.
Tc dng vi oxi: Khi t nng, photpho chy trong khng kh to ra cc oxit ca photpho :
0
Thiu oxi : 4 P 3O2 2 P2 O3
diphotpho trioxit
D Oxi : 4 P 5O2
2 P2O5
diphotpho pentaoxit
Tc dng vi clo: Khi cho clo i qua P nng chy, s thu c cc hp cht photpho clorua:
Thiu clo : 2 P 3Cl2 2 P Cl3
photpho triclorua
5
D clo
: 2 P 5Cl2
2 P Cl5
photpho pentaclorua
b) iu ch : Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung

photphorit,
ct
v
than
cc
khong
1200oC
trong
l
in:
Ca3 PO4 2 3SiO2 5C
to
3CaSiO
3 2 P 5CO
Hi photpho thot ra c ngng t khi lm lnh, thu c photpho trng dng rn.
2. A xit photphoric :
Cng thc cu to :
HO
HO
P=O
Hay
HO
a) Tnh cht vt l:
b) Tnh cht ha hc
Tnh oxi ha kh:
Axt photphoric kh b kh (do P mc oxi ha +5 bn hn so vi N trong axit nitric), khng
c tnh oxi ha.
Tnh axit: Axt photphoric l axit c 3 ln axit, c mnh trung bnh. Trong dung dch n
phn li ra 3 nc:
H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4- k1 = 7, 6.10-3
H2PO4- H+ + HPO42- k2 = 6,2.10-8
nc 1 > nc 2 > nc 3
2+
3-13
HPO4 H + PO4
k3 = 4,4.10
Dung dch axt photphoric c nhng tnh cht chung ca axit nh lm qu tm ha , tc
dng vi oxit baz, baz, mui, kim loi.
Khi tc dng vi oxit baz, baz ty theo lng cht tc dng m axt photphoric to ra mui
trung ha, mui axit hoc hn hp mui:
H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O
H3PO4 + 2NaOH Na2HPO4 + 2H2O
H3PO4 + 3NaOH Na3PO4 + 3H2O
c) iu ch :
Trong phng th nghim: P + 5HNO3 H3PO4 + H2O + 5NO2
Trong cng nghip:
+ Cho H2SO4 c tc dng vi qung photphorit hoc qung apatit:
Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4
iu ch bng phng php ny khng tinh khit v lng cht thp .
+ iu ch H3PO4 c tinh khit v nng cao hn ngi ta t chy P c P 2O5
ri cho P2O5 tc dng vi nc :
4P + 5O2 2P2O5
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
3. Mui photphat: Axt photphoric to ra 3 loi mui:
- Mui photphat trung ha: Na3PO4, Ca3(PO4)2,
- Mui ihidrophotphat: NaH2PO4, Ca(H2PO4)2,

- Mui hidrophotphat: Na2HPO4, CaHPO4
a)Tnh tan: Tt c cc mui ihidrophotphat u tan trong nc.Cc mui hidrophotphat v
photphat trung ha u khng tan hoc t tan trong nc (tr mui natri, kali, amoni).
b) Nhn bit ion photphat: Thuc th l bc nitrat.
3Ag+ + PO43- Ag3PO4 (mu vng)
III. Phn bn ho hc
1. Phn bn ho hc l nhng ho cht c cha nguyn t dinh dng, dng bn cho
cy trng nhm nng cao nng sut.
C ba loi phn bn ho hc c bn: phn m, phn ln v phn kali.
a) Phn m l phn cha nguyn t nit. Cy ch hp th m di dng ion NO3- v
ion NH4+. Cc loi phn m quan trng:
Mui amoni: NH4Cl (25% N), (NH4)2SO4 (21% N), NH4NO3 (35% N, thng c gi l
"m hai l")
Ure: CO(NH2)2 (46% N) giu nit nht. Trong t ure b bin i dn thnh amoni
cacbonat. Cc mui amoni v ure b kim phn hu, do khng nn bo qun phn m
gn vi, khng bn cho cc loi t kim.
Mui nitrat: NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2,thng bn cho cc vng t chua mn.
b) Phn ln l phn cha nguyn t photpho. Cy hp th ln di dng ion PO43-. Cc
loi phn ln chnh.
Phn ln t nhin: Qung photphat Ca3(PO4)2 thch hp vi t chua; phn nung chy
(nung qung photphat vi olomit).
Supephotphat n: Hn hp canxi ihiro photphat v thch cao,
Supephotphat kp: l mui canxi ihiro photphat,
Amophot: cha c m v ln, 1c iu ch bng cch cho NH 3 tc dng vi axit
photphoric thu c hn hp trong mono v iamophot NH4H2PO4 v (NH4)2HPO4
c) Phn kali: cha nguyn t kali, cy hp th kali di dng ion K +. Phn kali ch yu l
KCl ly t qung mui cacnalit (KCl.MgCl2.6H2O), sinvinit (KCl.NaCl). Ngoi ra ngi ta
cng dng KNO3.K2SO4.
2. Phn vi lng: l loi phn cha mt s lng rt nh cc nguyn t nh ng, km,
molipen, mangan, coban, bo, iot Ch cn bn mt lng rt nh cc nguyn t ny cng
lm cho cy pht trin tt.
nc ta c mt s nh my ln sn xut supephotphat (Lm Thao - Ph Th), sn xut
phn m (H Bc) v c mt s a phng sn xut phn ln nung chy
IV. Mt s ch khi gii ton chng Nit photpho
1. N2 v cc oxit ca nit
- Tnh cht ca cht kh:
+ Cc kh trong cng iu kin nhit p sut c s mol bng nhau th th tch bng
nhau .
+ Trong iu kin: cng nhit v th tch th s mol kh trc v sau phn ng t l
thun vi p sut trc v sau phn ng.
- Bi ton hiu sut khi iu ch NH3.
2. Amoniac v mui amoni
- Tnh cht ha hc ca amoniac v mui amoni.
- Vit phng trnh ion rt gn.
- nh lut bo ton in tch.

3. Axit nitric v mui nitrat
- Trong bi ton v axit nitric vn dng linh hot cc nh lut bo ton :
+ nh lut bo ton electron : Tng electron cho bng tng electron nhn .
+ nh lut bo ton nguyn t : Tng khi lng nguyn t trc phn ng bng tng
khi lng nguyn t sau phn ng .
+ nh lut bo ton khi lng : Tng khi lng cc cht trc phn ng bng cc
cht sau phn ng .
+ nh lut bo ton in tch : Trong dung dch cc cht in li tng in tch dng
bng tng in tch m.
- Nhit phn mui nitrat thu c hn hp rn v hn hp kh.
+ nh lut bo ton khi lng : mkh = mrn trc phn ng - mrn sau phn ng
+ Kh sau phn ng hp th vo nc c phn ng :
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3(1)
T s mol kh thu c sau phn ng v phng trnh (1) bin lun kh thot ra.
4. Photpho v hp cht
- Bi ton H3PO4 tc dng vi dung dch baz OHH3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O
(1)
H3PO4 + 2NaOH Na2HPO4 + 2H2O
(2)
H3PO4 + 3NaOH Na3PO4
+ 3H2O
(3)
nNaOH
b
=
nH 3 PO4
a
1-Nu 0 <
b
<1th ch xy ra phn ng s 1 to NaH2PO4 v H3PO4 d
a
b
= 1 th ch xy ra phn ng s 1 to NaH2PO4
a
b
3- Nu 1 <
< th xy ra c 2 phn ng s (1) v (2) to 2 mui NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4
a
b
4 Nu
= 2 ch xy ra phn ng s (2) ch to ra Na2HPO4
a
b
5 - Nu 2 <
<3 xy ra 2 phn ng s (2) v (3) to ra Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4
a
b
6 Nu
= 3 ch ra phn ng (3) v to ra Na3PO4
a
b
7 Nu
> 3 ch ra phn ng (3) to ra Na3PO4 v NaOH d.
a
2- Nu
5. Phn bn : Tnh dinh dng trong cc loi phn bn

+ Phn m : % Nit
+ Phn ln : % P2O5
+ Phn kali : % K2O
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Trong cc pht biu sau
1. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm VA l ns2 np3.
2. Tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t nhm VA tng dn t N Bi.
3. Nit ch c s oxi ho m trong nhng hp cht vi hai nguyn t: O v F .
4. Lin kt ba trong phn t N2 bn v N2 nh hn khng kh .

5. NH3 c tnh baz do trong phn t cn cp electron cha tham gia lin kt
6. Tt c cc mui amoni u l cht tan, cht in li mnh v km bn vi nhit
7. HNO3 c ngui th ng kim loi Al, Fe, Cu
8. Photpho hot ng ho hc mnh hn photpho trng .
S pht biu sai l:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 2: Dy no sau y s oxi ho ca nit c sp xp theo th t tng dn :
A. NO < N2O <NH3 <NO3B. NH3 < N2 <NO2-<NO <NO3C. NH4+ < N2 <N2O<NO <NO2-<NO3D. NH3 < NO <N2O<NO2<N2O5
Cu 3: Phn ng ho hc no sau y khng ng?
A. 2KNO3
to
o
2KNO2 + O2
B. 2Cu(NO3)
2
to
o
2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
t
C. 4AgNO3 t
2Ag2O + 4NO2 + O2 D. 4Fe(NO3)
2Fe2O3 + 12NO2 + 3O2
3
Cu 4: Cc nhn xt sau :
1. Phn m amoni khng nn bn cho loi t chua
2. dinh dng ca phn ln c nh gi bng hm lng %P
3. Thnh phn chnh ca supephotphat kp Ca(H2PO4)2.CaSO4
4. Mun tng cng sc chng bnh, chng rt v chu hn cho cy ngi ta dng loi
phn bn cha K
5. Tro thc vt cng l mt loi phn kali v c cha: K2CO3
6. Cng thc ho hc ca amophot, mt loi phn bn phc hp l:(NH 4)2HPO4 v
NH4H2PO4
S nhn xt ng
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 5: Khi cho Cu vo ng nghim ng dd HCl v NaNO3 long th c hin tng g ?
A. Xut hin dd mu xanh, c kh khng mu bay ra .
B. Xut hin dd mu xanh v c kh khng mu bay ra ngay trn mt thong ca dung
dch ha nu trong khng kh .
C. Xut hin dd mu xanh, c kh mu nu bay ra trn ming ng nghim .
D. Dd khng mu, kh mu nu xut hin trn ming ng nghim .
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: nhn nh no sau y ng i vi phn ng :
Fe2+ + 2H+ + NO3- Fe3+ + NO2 + H2O
A. Fe2+ b oxi ho v H+ b kh .
B. Fe2+ b oxi ho v N+5 trong NO3- b kh .
C. Fe2+ v H+ b oxi ho, NO3- b kh .
D. Fe2+ b kh v N+5 trong NO3- b oxi ho .
Cu 7: Nu thm NH3 vo h cn bng ca p:
N2 + 3H2 2NH3+ Q
th cn bng s thay i th no ?
A. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
B. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch
C. Khng thay i trng thi cn bng .
D. Khng d on c .
Cu 8: Cho hn hp FeS v Cu2S phn ng vi dd HNO3 d, ta thu c dd cha cc ion sau
A. Cu2+, S2-, Fe2+, H+, NO3B. Cu2+, Fe3+, H+, NO3C. Cu2+, SO42-, Fe2+, H+, NO3D. Cu2+, SO42-, Fe3+, H+, NO3Cu 9: Ho tan hon ton 0,9 g kim loi X vo dd HNO3 ta thu c 0,28 lt kh N2O (ktc).
Vy X c th l :
A. Cu
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Al
Cu 10: em nung mt khi lng Cu(NO3)2 sau mt thi gian dng li, lm ngui, ri cn
thy khi lng gim 0,54g. Vy khi lng mui Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn l:
A. 0,5g.
B. 0,94g
C. 9,4g
D. 0,49g.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: Axit HCl v HNO3 u phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no di y ?
A. CaO, Cu, Fe(OH)3, AgNO3
B. CuO, Mg, Ca(OH)2, Ag2O
C. Ag2O, Al, Cu(OH)2, SO2
D. S, Fe, CuO, Mg(OH)2
Cu 12: Khi th tch bnh phn ng tng ln 2 ln th tc phn ng :
2NO + O2 2NO2
thay i ra sao ?
A. Gim i 4 ln
B. Gim i 8 ln
C. Tng ln 4 ln
D. Tng ln 8 ln
Cu 13: C 3 dd ng trong 3 l b mt nhn l: MgCl 2, NH4Cl, NaCl . Dng cch no di
y c th nhn c mi l ng dd g ?
A. Na2CO3
B. Giy qu
C. NaOH
D. Dd NH3
Cu 14: Khi lm th nghim vi photpho trng, cn c ch no sau y?
A. Cm P trng bng tay c eo gng.
B. Dng cp gp nhanh mu P trng ra khi l v ngm ngay vo chu ng y nc khi
cha dng n.
C. Trnh cho P trng tip xc vi nc.
D. C th P trng ngoi khng kh.
Cu 15: Xt hai trng hp :
a, Cho 6,4 g Cu tc dng vi 120 ml dd HNO3 1M (long) .
b, Cho 6,4 g Cu tc dng vi 120 ml dd hn hp HNO 3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M(long). Cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o cng t 0, p. T l s mol kh NO sinh ra trong
hai trng hp a v b l :
A. 1 : 2
B. 1 : 1
C. 2 : 1
D. 2 : 3
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: So snh hai hp cht NO2 v SO2. V sao cht th nht c th ime ho to thnh
N2O4 trong khi cht th hai khng c tnh cht ?
A. V nit c m in cao hn lu hunh.
B. V nguyn t N trong NO2 cn mt electron c thn.
C. V nguyn t N trong NO2 cn mt cp electron cha lin kt.
D. Mt nguyn nhn khc.
Cu 17: Trn 1,5 lt NO vi 5 lt khng kh . Th tch NO 2 v th tch hn hp kh thu c
sau phn ng ln lt l : (Bit : O2 chim 1/5 th tch khng kh; phn ng xy ra hon ton;
th tch cc kh o trong cng iu kin)
A. 1,5 lt; 5,75 lt
B. 2 lt; 5,5 lt
C. 1,5 lt; 5,5 lt
D. 2lt; 7,5 lt
Cu 18: Cho m gam P2O5 tc dng vi 253,5 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c 3m gam cht rn khan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 21,30
B. 8,52
C. 12,78
D. 7,81
Cu 19: Mt loi phn kali c thnh phn chnh l KCl (cn li l cc tp cht khng cha
kali) c sn xut t qung xinvinit c dinh dng 55%. Phn trm khi lng ca KCl
trong loi phn kali l:
A. 95,51%
B. 65,75%
C. 87,18%
D. 88,52%
Cu 20: Ha tan ht 10,24 gam Cu bng 200 ml dung dch HNO 3 3M c dung dch A.
Thm 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch A. Lc b kt ta, c cn dung dch ri
nung cht rn n khi lng khng i thu c 26,44 gam cht rn. S mol HNO 3 phn
ng vi Cu l:
A. 0,48 mol
B. 0,58 mol
C. 0,56 mol
D. 0,4 mol
C. P N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D C C C B B B D D D B
D C B A B A B C C
CHNG 3: CACBON - SILIC V HP CHT
A. KIN THC C BN.
I. NHM CACBON
Gm C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb.
Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np2.
T C n Pb tnh phi kim gim dn v tnh kim loi tng dn.
II. CACBON
1. V tr v cu hnh electron nguyn t
V tr : s 6, nhm IVA, chu k 2
Cu hnh : 1s22s22p2
S oxi ha : -4; 0; +2 v +4.

2. Tnh cht vt l
C cc dng th hnh : kim cng, than ch, fuleren, cacbon v nh hnh.
Kim cng : tinh th trong sut, khng mu, khng dn in, dn nhit km v rt cng
(l cht cng nht trong tt c cc cht).
Than ch : tinh th mu xm en, mm.
Fuleren : c nhiu tnh cht c bit.
Cacbon v nh hnh : thng c cu to xp, c kh nng hp ph mnh.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
- Trong cc dng tn ti ca cacbon, cacbon v nh hnh hot ng hn c v mt ha hc.
- Trong cc phn ng ha hc cacbon th hin hai tnh cht: Tnh oxi ha v tnh kh. Tuy
nhin tnh kh vn l ch yu ca cacbon.
a. Tnh kh
* Tc dng vi oxi
0
C + O2
+4
t0
C O2 .
nhit cao C li kh CO2 theo phn ng

0
+4
C + C O 2
t0
* Tc dng vi hp cht
+2
2C O
+4
t0
C +4HNO3
CO2 + 4NO2 +2H2O
3 C + Fe2O3
tC
2Fe + 3 C O2
b. Tnh oxi ha
* Tc dng vi hidro
0
-4
t0 , xt
C+2H
2
C H4
* Tc dng vi kim loi

0
3C+ 4Al
-4
Al 4 C 3 (nhm cacbua)
t0
III. HP CHT CA CACBON

1. Cacbon monooxit
a. Tnh cht ha hc
- Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca CO l tnh kh
+2
2C O + O 2
t0
+2
3C O + Fe 2O3
+4
2 C O2
t0
+4
3C O 2 + 2Fe
b. iu ch
* Trong phng th nghim
0
HCOOH
CO
+
H2O
H2SO4 (c), t
* Trong cng nghip: Kh CO c iu ch theo hai phng php
- Kh than t
C
H2O
1050
O2
t0
CO2
t0
2CO
CO
H2
- Kh l gas
C
CO2 +
2. Cacbon ioxit
a. Tnh cht
* Tnh cht vt l
- L cht kh khng mu, nng gp 1,5 ln khng kh.
- CO2 (rn) l mt khi mu trng, gi l nc kh. Nc kh khng nng chy m
thng hoa, c dng to mi trng lnh khng c hi m.
* Tnh cht ha hc
- Kh CO2 khng chy, khng duy tr s chy ca nhiu cht.
- CO2 l oxit axit, khi tan trong nc cho axit cacbonic
CO2 (k) + H2O (l)

H2CO3 (dd)
- Tc dng vi dung dch kim
CO2 +
NaOH
NaHCO3
CO2 + 2NaOH
Na2CO3
+
H2O
Ty vo t l phn ng m c th cho ra cc sn phm mui khc nhau.
b. iu ch
* Trong phng th nghim
CaCO3
+
2HCl
CaCl2
+
CO2
+
H2O
* Trong cng nghip
- Kh CO2 c thu hi t qu trnh t chy hon ton than.

3. Axit cacbonic - mui cacbonat
a. Axit cacbonic
- L axit km bn, ch tn ti trong dung dch long, d b phn hy thnh CO2 v H2O.
- L axit hai nc, trong dung dch phn li hai nc.
H2CO
H+ +HCO33
-
HCO
H+ +CO323
a. Mui cacbonat
- Mui cacbonat ca cc kim loi kim, amoni v a s mui hirocacbonat u tan. Mui
cacbonat ca kim loi khc th khng tan.
- Tc dng vi dung dch axit
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O
HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O

Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
CO32- + 2H+
CO2 + H2O
- Tc dng vi dung dch kim

NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
HCO-3 + OH - CO32- + H2O
- Phn ng nhit phn
MgCO3(r)
t0
2NaHCO3(r)
MgO(r) + CO2(k)
t
Na2CO3(r) + CO2(k) + H2O(k)
IV. SILIC
1. Tnh cht vt l
- Silic c hai dng th hnh: silic tinh th v silic v nh hnh.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
- Silic c cc s oxi ha: -4, 0, +2 v +4 (s oxi ha +2 t c trng hn).
- Trong cc phn ng ha hc, silic va th hin tnh oxi ha va th hin tnh kh.
a. Tnh kh
0
+4
Si+2F
2
0
Si+ O 2
Si F4
+4
t0
Si O 2
+4
Si+ 2NaOH + H 2O
Na 2 Si O 3 + 2H 2
b. Tnh oxi ha
0
2Mg + Si
t0
-4
Mg 2 Si
3. iu ch
- Kh SiO2 nhit cao
SiO2 + 2Mg
t0
Si + 2MgO
V. HP CHT CA SILIC
1. Silic ioxit
- SiO2 l cht dng tinh th.
- Tan chm trong dung dch kim c nng, tan d trong kim nng chy.
SiO2
2NaOH
t0
Na2SiO3
H2O
- Tan c trong axit HF

SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O
- Da vo tnh cht ny, ngi ta dng dung dch HF khc ch ln thy tinh.
2. Axit silixic
- H2SiO3 l cht dng keo, khng tan trong nc. Khi mt mt phn nc to thnh vt liu
xp l silicagen. Dng ht hi m trong cc thng ng hng ha.
- Axit silixic l axit yu, yu hn c axit cacbonic nn b axit ny y ra khi dung dch mui.
Na2SiO3 + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + H2SiO3
3. Mui silicat
- Dung dch m c ca Na2SiO3 v K2SiO3 c gi l thy tinh lng.
- Vi tm thy tinh lng s kh chy, ngoi ra thy tinh lng cn c dng ch to keo
dn thy tinh v s.
B. CU HI V BI TP.
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: phng b nhim c ngi ta s dng mt n phng c cha nhng ha cht no :
A. CuO v MnO2
B. CuO v MgO
C. CuO v CaO
D. Than hot
tnh
Cu 2: Silic ioxit tc dng c vi dung dch axit no sau y?
A. HF
B. HCl
C. HBr
D. HI
Cu 3: Nc kh khng nng chy m thng hoa nn c dng to mi trng lnh v kh
rt tin cho vic bo qun thc phm. Nc kh l
A. CO rn.
B. SO2 rn.
C. H2O rn.
D. CO2 rn.
Cu 4: Xt cc mui cacbonat, nhn nh no di y l ng ?
A. Tt c cc mui cacbonat u tan tt trong nc.
B. Tt c cc mui cacbonat u b nhit phn to ra oxit kim loi v cacbon ioxit.
C. Tt c cc mui cacbonat u b nhit phn, tr mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim.
D. Tt c cc mui cacbonat u khng tan trong nc.
Cu 5: Hiu ng nh knh l hin tng tri t ang m dn ln, do cc bc x c bc sng
di trong vng hng ngoi b gi li, m khng bc x ra ngoi v tr. Kh no di y l
nguyn nhn chnh gy ra hiu ng nh knh ?
A. H2.
B. N2.
C. CO2.
D. O2.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: Cc bon v silic u c tnh cht no sau y ging nhau :
A. u phn ng c vi NaOH
B. C tnh kh v tnh oxi ha
C. C tnh kh mnh
D. C tnh oxi ha mnh
Cu 7: Cacbon phn ng vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y ?
A. Na2O, NaOH, HCl
B. Al, HNO3 c, KClO3
C. Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3, CaCO3.
D. NH4Cl, KOH, AgNO3
Cu 8: Tnh kh ca cacbon th hin phn ng no trong cc phn ng sau :
A. 2C + Ca
t0
0
CaC2
B. C + 2H
2
xt ,t 0
0
CH4
t
t
C. C + CO2
2CO
D. 3C + 4Al
Al4C3
Cu 9: Nh t t dung dch axit clohiric vo dung dch xa th phn ng xy ra l:
Na2CO3 + HCl NaHCO3 + NaCl (1)

NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O (2)
Na2CO3 + 2 HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O (3)
A. (1) trc; (2) sau
B. (2) trc ; (1) sau
C. Ch (3) xy ra
D. Tt c u
ng
Cu 10: Kim cng v than ch l cc dng th hnh ca nguyn t cacbon, nhng li c
nhiu tnh cht khc nhau nh cng, kh nng dn in, chng c tnh cht khc nhau l
do:
A. Chng c thnh phn nguyn t cu to khc nhau.
B. Kim cng l kim loi cn than ch l phi kim.
C. Chng c cu to khc nhau.
D. Kim cng cng cn than ch th mm.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: phn bit kh SO2 v kh CO2 th thuc th nn dng l:
A. Nc Brom
B. Dung dch Ca(OH)2
C. Dung dch Ba(OH)2
D. Dung dch BaCl2
Cu 12: Chn phng trnh ha hc vit ng trong cc phng trnh di y.
A. CO + Na2O 2Na + CO2
B. CO + MgO Mg + CO2
C. 3CO + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO2
D. 3CO + Al2O3 2Al +3CO2
Cu 13: CO2 khng chy v khng duy tr s chy ca nhiu cht nn c dng dp
tt cc m chy. Tuy nhin, CO 2 khng dng dp tt m chy no di y ?
A. m chy do xng, du.
B. m chy nh ca, qun o.
C. m chy do magie hoc nhm.
D. m chy do kh ga.
Cu 14: Khi cho d kh CO2 vo ng nghim cha nc v kt ta canxi cacbonat, th kt ta
s tan. Tng cc h s t lng trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng l:
A. 5
B. 4
C. 6
D. 7
Cu 15: Cht X c mt s tnh cht sau:
- Tan trong nc to thnh dung dch c kh nng lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh.
- To kt ta vi dung dch Ba(OH)2. Vy X l:
A. Na2SO4
B. NaHSO4
C. Na2CO3
D. NaOH
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch kh CO 2 t CaCO3 v dung dch HCl
bng bnh kp. thu c CO2 tinh khit, ngi ta cho sn phm kh thu c ln lt i
qua cc bnh no sau y?
A. NaOH v H2SO4 c.
B. NaHCO3 v H2SO4 c.
C. H2SO4 c v NaHCO3.
D. H2SO4 c v NaOH.
Cu 17: Ch dng thm cp cht no di y phn bit c 4 cht rn trng, ng
trong bn l mt nhn l : NaCl, Na2CO3, CaCO3, BaSO4
A. H2O v CO2.
B. H2O v NaOH.
C. H2O v Cu(NO3)2. D. H2O v
BaCl2.
Cu 18: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na 2CO3 ng thi
khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung
dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l
A. V = 11,2(a - b).
B. V = 22,4(a + b).
C. V = 11,2(a + b).
D. V = 22,4(a b).
Cu 19: Sc 3,136 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,32 M thu c dung dch
X. Rt 250 ml dung dch Y gm BaCl2 0,32 M v Ba(OH)2 a M vo dung dch X thu c
7,88 gam kt ta v dung dch Z. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,03M.
B. 0,04M.
C. 0,05M.
D. 0,06M.
Cu 20: Kh hon ton m gam oxit M xOy cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a gam
kim loi M. Ho tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H 2SO4 c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt kh
SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit MxOy l
A. FeO.
B. CrO.
C. Fe3O4.
D. Cr2O3.
C. P N
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
1
D
6
B
11
A
16
B
2
A
7
B
12
C
17
B
3
D
8
C
13
C
18
D
4
C
9
A
14
B
19
B
5
C
10
C
15
C
20
C
CHNG 4: I CNG HU C
A. KIN THC C BN
I. Khi nim v phn loi hp cht hu c.
- Hp cht hu c l hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO, CO2, mui cacbonat, xianua, cacbua).
- Hp cht hu c c chia thnh hidrocacbon v dn xut ca hirocacbon.
II. Cc loi cng thc biu din phn t hp cht hu c.
1. Cng thc phn t hp cht hu c.
a. Cng thc n gin nht.
- Gi CTPT ca X l CxHyOz
mC
m
m
: H : O
+) x : y : z = n C : n H : n O =
12,0 1,0 16,0
+) x : y : z=
%C %H %O
:
:
12,0 1,0 16,0
- Sau bin i h thc trn v t l gia cc s nguyn ti gin

x : y : z= p : q : r ( p, q, r l cc s nguyn ti gin)
CTGN: CpHqOr CTPT X: CxHyOz = (CpHqOr)n , n c th l 1 hoc 2, 3,
b. Cng thc phn t.
Cch thit lp cng thc phn t hp cht hu c.
* Da vo thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t.
Xt s :
CxHyOz xC +
yH +
zO
Khi lng:
M (g)
12,0.x (g) 1,0.y (g) 16,0.z (g)
Thnh phn phn trm khi lng: 100%
%C
%H
%O
* Thng qua cng thc n gin nht.
- Xc nh khi lng mol phn t (MX)

- CTGN: CpHqOr CTPT: (CpHqOr)n (12.p +1.q+16.r).n = MX Tnh n
CTPT
* Tnh trc tip theo khi lng sn phm chy.
- t cng thc phn t ca cht hu c X l: CxHyOz
- Phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng chy:
CxHyOz + ( x + y/4 z/2) O2
t0
xCO2 + y/2H2O
1
x
y/2
mol
nX
nCO2
nH2O
mol
x = nCO2/nX; y = 2nH2O/nX;
z = [MX (12x + y)]/16
MX = 12x + y + 16z
2. Cng thc cu to.
- Cng thc cu to biu din th t lin kt v cch thc lin kt (lin kt n, lin kt bi)
ca cc nguyn t trong phn t.
- Gm: CTCT khai trin; CTCT thu gn; CTCT thu gn nht.
- Thuyt cu to ha hc:
+) Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo ng ha tr
v theo mt trt t nht nh. Th t lin kt gi l cu to ha hc. S thay i th t lin
kt , tc l thay i cu to ha hc, s to ra hp cht khc.
+) Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cacbon c ha tr bn. Nguyn t cacbon khng
nhng c th lin kt vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc m cn lin kt vi nhau to
thnh mch cacbon (mch vng, mch khng vng, mch nhnh, mch khng nhnh).
+) Tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t (bn cht v s lng cc
nguyn t) v cu to ha hc (th t lin kt cc nguyn t).
Thuyt cu to ha hc gip gii thch hin tng ng ng, ng phn.
III. ng ng, ng phn.
1. ng ng.
- Nhng hp cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH 2 nhng c
tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau l nhng cht ng ng, chng hp thnh dy ng ng.
2. ng phn.
- Nhng hp cht khc nhau nhng c cng cng thc phn t c gi l nhng cht ng
phn ca nhau.
- Gm:
+) ng phn cu to (ng phn mch cacbon, ng phn nhm chc, ng phn v tr lin
kt bi hoc nhm chc,)
+) ng phn lp th (ng phn khc nhau v v tr khng gian ca cc nhm nguyn t).
IV. Phn ng hu c.
1. Phn ng th:
- L phn ng trong mt nguyn t hoc mt nhm nguyn t trong phn t hp cht
hu c b thay th bi mt nguyn t hoc mt nhm nguyn t khc.
2. Phn ng cng:
- L phn ng trong phn t hp cht hu c kt hp vi phn t khc to thnh phn t
hp cht mi.
3. Phn ng tch:
- L phn ng trong hai hay nhiu nguyn t b tch ra khi phn t hp cht hu c.
Ngoi ra, cn c cc loi phn ng khc nh phn ng phn hy, phn ng ng phn ha,
phn ng oxi ha,
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT.
Cu 1: Trong phn t hp cht hu c nht thit phi c nguyn t ha hc no?
A. O
B. P
C. C
D. N
Cu 2: Cht no sau y l hirocacbon.
A. CH2O
B. CH3COOH
C. C2H5Br
D. C6H6
Cu 3: Phn ng no sau y thuc loi phn ng cng
A. C2H6 + Br2 as C2H5Br + HBr
B. C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
C. C2H5OH + HBr
D. C6H14
t , xt
t 0 , xt
C2H5Br + H2O
C3H6 + C3H8
Cu 4: Cht no sau y l ng phn ca CH3CH2OH.

A. CH3-O-CH3 B. CH3-CH2-CH3
C. CH3-CHO
Cu 5: Cht no sau y trong phn t ch c lin kt n.
A. CH4
B. C2H4
C. C2H 2
D. CH3-COOH
D. CH3COOH
B2. CP HIU.
Cu 6: Cht no sau y khng phi l hp cht hu c.
A. CH4
B. C2H5OH
C. HCN
D. C12H22O11
Cu 7: Cht X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Cng thc no sau y l cng thc n gin
nht ca X?
A. C3H5O2
B. C6H10O4
C. C3H10O2
D. C12H20O8
Cu 8: Ancol metylic c cng thc CH3OH. Ancol etylic l cht ng ng k tip ca ancol
metylic. Cng thc ca ancol etylic l.
A. C2H6
B. C2H5OH
C. C2H6OH
D. CH5OH
Cu 9: Cp cht no sau y l ng phn ca nhau.
A. CH3-CH2-OH v CH3-O-CH3
B. CH2=CH-CH3 v CH3-CH2-CH3
C. CH3-CHO v CH3-COOH
D. CH3CH2CH2NH2 v CH3CH2NH2
Cu 10: Hp cht Z c cng thc n gin nht l CH3O v c t khi hi so vi hidro bng
31,0. Cng thc phn t no sau y ng vi hp cht Z?
A. CH3O
B. C2H6O2
C. C2H6O
D. C3H9O3
B1. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: S lng ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C3H8O l
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 0,3 gam cht X (cha cc nguyn t C, H, O) thu c 224 ml
kh CO2 (ktc) v 0,18 gam H2O. T khi hi ca X so vi hidro l 30. Cng thc phn t ca
X l.
A. CH3O
B. C2H6O2
C. CH2O
D. C2H4O2
Cu 13: S lng ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10 l
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 14: Cho cc cht: C6H5OH (X); C6H5CH2OH (Y); HOC6H4OH (Z); C6H5CH2CH2OH (T).
Cc cht ng ng ca nhau l.
A. Y, T.
B. X, T.
C. X, Y.
D. Y, Z.
Cu 15: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c X thu c sn phm gm: 4,62 gam
CO2; 1,215 gam H2O v 168 ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca X so vi khng kh khng vt qu
4. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C5H5N.
B. C6H9N.
C. C7H9N.
D. C6H7N.
B1. CP BIT VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong phn t khi ca
Z gp i phn t khi ca X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo
dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l.
A. 30.
B. 20.
C. 10.
D. 40.
Cu 17: Cc cht hu c n chc, mch h Z 1, Z2, Z3 c CTPT tng ng l CH2O, CH2O2,
C2H4O2. Chng thuc cc dy ng ng khc nhau. Cng thc cu to ca Z3 l
A. CH3COOCH3.
B. HOCH2CHO.
C. CH3COOH.D. HCOOCH3.
Cu 18: Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng m C : mH : mO = 21:2:4.
Hp cht X c cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to
(cha vng benzen) ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 3.
Cu 19: Ngi ta t chy 4,55 gam cht hu c X bng 6,44 lt O 2 (d). Sau phn ng thu
c 4,05 gam nc v 5,6 lt hn hp kh gm: CO 2, N2 v O2 cn d. Cc th tch o
ktc. Dn hn hp kh ny i qua dung dch NaOH (d) th cn li hn hp kh c t khi i
vi hiro l 15,5. X c CTPT vi CTGN. CTPT ca X l.
A. C2H7O2N
B. C3H7O2N
C. C3H9O2N
D. C2H5O2N
Cu 20: Hn hp kh X cha C3H8 v CxHyN. Ly 6 lt X trn vi 30 lt oxi (d) ri t. Sau
phn ng thu c 43 lt hn hp gm hi nc, kh cacbonic, nit v oxi cn d. Dn hn
hp ny qua H2SO4 c th th tch kh cn li 21 lt, sau cho qua dung dch NaOH d th
cn li 7 lt. Cc th tch o cng iu kin. S lng CTCT ng vi CxHyN l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
C. P N
1
C
2
D
3
B
4
A
5
A
6
C
7
A
8
B
9
A
10 11 12 13
B C D B
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A C A D A C B
CHNG 6 : HIROCACBON KHNG NO

A. KIN THC C BN
I. ANKEN
1. Khi nim ng phn Danh php
Anken l hidrocacbon khng no mch h c mt ni i trong phn t. Anken c cng

thc tng qut l CnH2n (n 2).
Cc cht C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, ... hp thnh dy ng ng ca anken.
C hai loi ng phn: ng phn cu to v ng phn hnh hc (cis trans). iu
kin xut hin ng phn hnh hc l mi cacbon hai bn ni i c hai nhm th khc
nhau.
Th d: CH3CH=CHCH3 c ng phn hnh hc.
Danh php thng: Tn ankan nhng thay ui an = ilen.
Danh php quc t: S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh + s ch v tr
lin kt i + en.
V d: CH2=C(CH3)CH3 c tn l 2 metylprop1en.
2. Tnh cht vt l
iu kin thng th t C2H4 C4H8 l cht kh. T C5H10 tr i l cht lng hoc cht rn.
3. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng cng (c trng)
* Cng hidro: CH2=CH2 + H2
Ni,t o
CH3CH3.
* Cng Halogen: CnH2n + X2 CnH2nX2.

* Cng HX (X: Cl, Br, OH . . .)
Th d: CH2=CH2 + HOH CH3CH2OH
Cc anken c cu to phn t khng i xng khi cng HX c th cho hn hp hai sn phm.
Quy tc Maccopnhicop: Trong phn ng cng HX vo lin kt i, nguyn t H (phn mang
in dng) ch yu cng vo nguyn t C bc thp hn (c nhiu H hn), cn nguyn hay
nhm nguyn t X (phn mang in m) cng vo nguyn t C bc cao hn (t H hn).
b. Phn ng trng hp:
o
V d: nCH2=CH2 p,xt,t
(CH2CH2)n.
c. Phn ng oxi ha: Anken chy c to ra CO2 v H2O.
Oxi ha khng hon ton: Anken c th lm mt mu dung dch Br 2 v dung dch thuc
tm. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit anken v hp cht khng no cha lin kt .
4. iu ch
H 2SO 4 ( )
170o C
a. Phng th nghim: CnH2n+1OH
CnH2n + H2O
b. iu ch t ankan: CnH2n+2 p,xt,t

CnH2n + H2.
II. ANKAIEN
1. nh ngha Phn loi Danh php
a. nh ngha: Ankadien l hidrocacbon khng no mch h, trong phn t cha hai lin kt
C=C.
Cng thc tng qut CnH2n2 (n 3)
b. Phn loi: C ba loi
Ankadien c hai lin kt i lin tip
Ankadien c hai lin kt i cch nhau bi mt lin kt n (ankaien lin hp)
Ankadien c hai lin kt i cch nhau t hai lin kt n tr ln.
c. Danh php:
S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn anka ca mch C chnh + s ch v tr lin kt i
+ ien.
2. Tnh cht ha hc: ankaien c th cng hidro, nc, brom, axit c gc halogenua.
Phn ng trng hp: nCH2=CHCH=CH2 p,xt,t

(CH2CH=CHCH2)n.
Phn ng oxi ha: ankaien b oxi ha hon ton bi oxi to ra CO2 v nc.
Tng t nh anken th ankaien c th lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm.
3. iu ch: c iu ch t ankan tng ng bng phn ng tch H2.
III. ANKIN
1. Khi nim ng phn Danh php
Ankin l hidrocacbon khng no mch h trong phn t c mt lin kt ba CC, c cng thc
tng qut l CnH2n2 (n 2).
Ankin ch c ng phn cu to. Ankin khng c ng phn hnh hc.
Danh php: S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh + s ch v tr ni 3 + in.
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
Ankin c phn ng cng tng t anken (cng H 2, X2, HX). Ring axetilen c phn ng ime
ha v trime ha.
Pd/PbCO3 ,t
CHCH + H2
2CHCH
xt,t o
C
3CHCH
600o C
CH2=CH2.
CH2=CHCCH (vinyl axetilen)

C6H6 (benzen)
Phn ng th bng ion kim loi: ankin c lin kt 3 u mch mi phn ng c.

RCCH + AgNO3 + NH3 RCCAg (kt ta vng) + NH4NO3.
Ring axetilen c th phn ng c hai u.
Ankin c th chy to kh cacbonic v nc. Oxi ha khng hon ton: Tng t nh
anken v ankaien, ankin cng c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm.
3. iu ch:
a. Trong phng th nghim: CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2.
b. Trong cng nghip: 2CH
4
1500o C
C2H2 + 3H2.
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Anken X c cng thc cu to: CH3CH2C(CH3)=CHCH3. Tn ca X l
A. isohexan. B. 3-metylpent-3-en.
C. 3-metylpent-2-en. D. 2-etylbut-2-en.
Cu 2: 1 mol buta-1,3-ien c th phn ng ti a vi bao nhiu mol brom ?
A. 1 mol.
B. 1,5 mol.
C. 2 mol.
D. 0,5 mol.
Cu 3: p dng quy tc Maccopnhicop trong trng hp no sau y ?
A. Phn ng cng ca Br2 vi anken i xng.
C. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken i xng.
B. Phn ng trng hp ca anken.
D. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken bt i xng.
Cu 4: Cng thc phn t ca buta-1,3-ien (ivinyl) v isopren (2-metylbuta-1,3-ien) ln lt
l
A. C4H6 v C5H10.
B. C4H4 v C5H8.
C. C4H6 v C5H8.
D. C4H8 v C5H10.
Cu 5: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 9 lin kt xch ma v 2 lin kt ?
A. Buta-1,3-ien.
B. Penta-1,3- ien. C. Stiren.
D. Vinyl axetilen.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: Hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc ?
A. 2-metylbut-2-en.
B. 2-clo-but-1-en.
C. 2,3- iclobut-2-en.
D. 2,3- imetylpent-2-en.
Cu 7: Khi cho but-1-en tc dng vi dung dch HBr, theo qui tc Maccopnhicop sn phm
no sau y l sn phm chnh ?
A. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH2Br.
C. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH3.
B. CH2Br-CH2-CH2-CH2Br .
D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br.
Cu 8: C5H8 c bao nhiu ng phn ankaien lin hp ?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 9: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch Br 2 theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu
sn phm?
A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Cu 10: Ankin C4H6 c bao nhiu ng phn c phn ng vi dung dch cha AgNO3/NH3
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 3.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: Dn t t 8,4 gam hn hp X gm but-1-en v but-2-en li chm qua bnh ng
dung dch Br2, khi kt thc phn ng thy c m gam brom phn ng. m c gi tr l:
A. 12 gam.
B. 24 gam.
C. 36 gam.
D. 48 gam.
Cu 12: Sn phm chnh ca s ehirat ha 2-metylbutan-2-ol l cht no ?
A. 3-Metylbut-1-en. B. 2-Metylbut-1en. C. 3-Metylbut-2-en. D. 2-Metylbut-2-en.
Cu 13: X l mt hirocacbon kh ( ktc), mch h. Hiro ho hon ton X thu c
hirocacbon no Y c khi lng phn t gp 1,074 ln khi lng phn t X. Cng thc phn t
X l
A. C2H2.
B. C3H4.
C. C4H6.
D.
C3H6.
Cu 14: 4 gam mt ankaien X c th lm mt mu ti a 100 ml dung dch Br2 2M. CTPT X
l
A. C5H8.
B. C2H2.
C. C3H4.
D. C4H6.
Cu 15: t chy hon ton mt ankin X th kh thu c H2O v CO2 c tng khi lng
l 23 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dung dich Ca(OH) 2 d, c 40 gam kt ta. Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H4.
B. C2H2.
C. C4H6.
D.
C5H8.
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Cho hn hp X gm etilen v H2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,25. Dn X qua bt niken
nung nng (hiu sut phn ng 75%) thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca Y so vi H 2 (cc th
tch o cng iu kin) l:
A. 5,23.
B. 3,25.
C. 5,35.
D.
10,46.
Cu 17: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c
duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H 2
bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l:
A. CH3CH=CHCH3. B. CH2=CHCH2CH3.
C. CH2=C(CH3)2.
D.
CH2=CH2.
Cu 18: t chy hon ton mt ankaien X th kh thu c H2O v CO2 c tng khi
lng l 23 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dung dich Ca(OH) 2 d, c 40 gam kt ta.
Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H4.
B. C2H2.
C. C4H6.
D.
C5H8.
Cu 19: Trong bnh kn cha hirocacbon X v hiro. Nung nng bnh n khi phn ng
hon ton thu c kh Y duy nht. cng nhit , p sut trong bnh trc khi nung nng
gp 3 ln p sut trong bnh sau khi nung. t chy mt lng Y thu c 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4
gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H2.
B. C2H4.
C. C4H6.
D.
C3H4.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 ly cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho i qua
cht xc tc thch hp, un nng c hn hp Y gm 4 cht. Dn Y qua bnh ng nc
brom thy khi lung bnh tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt kh Z (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2
l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt.
B. 22,4 lt.
C. 16,8 lt.
D. 44,8 lt.
C. P N
1
C
2
C
3
D
4
C
5
A
6
C
7
C
8
B
9
A
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C B D C C C A A C A A
CHNG 7: HIROCACBON THM. NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN.

H THNG HA V HIROCACBON
A. KIN THC C BN
I. ng ng ng phn Danh php:
Dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc tng qut l CnH2n6.
ng phn v v tr tng i ca cc nhm ankyl xung quanh vng benzen (o, m, p).
Danh php h thng: S ch v tr nhm ankyl + tn ankyl + benzen.
Th d: C6H5CH3: metyl benzen, C6H5CH2CH3: etyl benzen
II. Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Phn ng th:
Quy tc th vng benzen: nu vng benzen c sn nhm ankyl (hoc cc nhm
OH, NH2, OCH3, ...), phn ng th vo vng s d dng hn v u tin xy ra v tr ortho
v para. Ngc li, nu vng benzen c sn nhm NO2 (hoc cc nhm COOH,
SO3H, ...) phn ng th vo vng s kh hn v u tin xy ra v tr meta.
* Th nguyn t H vng benzen
Cho ankyl benzen phn ng vi brom c bt st th thu c hn hp sn phm th
brom ch yu vo v tr ortho v para.
Benzen tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 m c to thnh nitrobenzen.
Nitrobenzen tc dng vi hn hp axit HNO3 bc khi v H2SO4 m c ng thi un nng
th to thnh minitro benzen.
* Th nguyn t H mch nhnh: ankyl benzen c th th H mch nhnh bi halogen khi
c nh sng.
2. Phn ng cng: Benzen v ng ng ca n c th cng H2 (Ni, t) v cng Cl2.
3. Phn ng oxi ha: Toluen c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm cn benzen th

khng. Ngoi ra tt c cc cht trong dy ng ng benzen chy c.
III. STIREN
1. Cng thc: C6H5CH=CH2.
2. Tnh cht ha hc: Do c ni i trn nhnh, stiren c tnh cht nh anken.
IV. NAPTALEN
1. Cng thc phn t : C10H8.
2. Tnh cht ha hc: Tham gia phn ng th v tham gia phn ng cng.
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Trong phn t benzen:
A. 6 nguyn t H v 6 C u nm trn 1 mt phng.
B. 6 nguyn t H nm trn cng 1 mt phng khc vi mt phng ca 6 C.
C. Ch c 6 C nm trong cng 1 mt phng.
D. Ch c 6 H mm trong cng 1 mt phng.
Cu 2: Dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc chung l:
A. CnH2n+6 ; n 6.
B. CnH2n-6 ; n 3.
C. CnH2n-6 ; n 6.
D. CnH2n-6 ; n 6.
Cu 3: Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon CnH2n+2-2a. i vi stiren, gi tr ca n v a ln lt
l:
A. 8 v 5.
B. 5 v 8.
C. 8 v 4.
D. 4 v 8.
Cu 4: Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon CnH2n+2-2a. i vi naptalen, gi tr ca n v a ln
lt l:
A. 10 v 5.
B. 10 v 6.
C. 10 v 7.
D.10 v 8.
Cu 5: iso-propyl benzen cn gi l:
A.Toluen.
B. Stiren.
C. Cumen.
D. Xilen.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: C7H8 c s ng phn thm l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 7: ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 c bao nhiu cu to cha vng benzen ?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 8: Cho cc cht: (1) benzen ; (2) toluen; (3) xiclohexan; (4) hex-5-trien; (5) xilen; (6)
cumen. Trong s c bao nhiu cht l hirocacbon thm l:
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 9: Benzen A o-brom-nitrobenzen. Cng thc ca A l:
A. nitrobenzen.
B. brombenzen.
C. aminobenzen.
D. o-ibrombenzen.
Cu 10: A c cng thc phn t l C8H8, tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 nhit thng
to ra ancol 2 chc. 1 mol A tc dng ti a vi:
A. 4 mol H2; 1 mol brom.
B. 3 mol H2; 1 mol brom.
C. 3 mol H2; 3 mol brom.
D. 4 mol H2; 4 mol brom.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: A l hirocacbon c %C (theo khi lng) l 92,3%. A tc dng vi dung dch brom d
cho sn phm c %C (theo khi lng) l 36,36%. Bit M A < 120. V y A c cng thc phn t
l
A. C2H2.
B. C4H4.
C. C6H6.
D. C8H8.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 6 gam cht hu c A, ng ng ca benzen thu c 10,08 lt

CO2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C9H12.
B. C8H10.
C. C7H8.
D. C10H14.
Cu 13: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol CxHy thu c 20,16 lt CO2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H2O
(lng). Cng thc ca CxHy l:
A. C7H8.
B. C8H10.
C. C10H14.
D. C9H12.
Cu 14: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon A, thu c m gam H 2O. Cng thc phn t
ca A (150 < MA < 170) l:
A. C4H6.
B. C8H12.
C. C16H24.
D. C12H18.
Cu 15: t chy hon ton 6 gam cht hu c A, ng ng ca benzen thu c 10,08 lt
CO2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C9H12.
B. C8H10.
C. C7H8.
D. C10H14.
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: t 0,13 gam mi cht A v B u cng thu c 0,01 mol CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. T
khi hi ca A so vi B l 3; t khi hi ca B so vi H 2 l 13. Cng thc ca A v B ln lt
l:
A. C2H2 v C6H6.
B. C6H6 v C2H2.
C. C2H2 v C4H4.
D. C6H6 v C8H8.
Cu 17: A, B, C l ba cht hu c c %C, %H (theo khi lng) ln lt l 92,3% v 7,7%, t
l khi lng mol tng ng l 1: 2 : 3. T A c th iu ch B ho c C bng m t phn ng.
C khng lm mt mu nc brom. t 0,1 mol B ri dn ton b sn phm chy qua bnh
ng dung dch nc vi trong d. Khi lng bnh tng ho c gim bao nhiu gam ?
A. Tng 21,2 gam.
B. Tng 40 gam.
C. Gim 18,8 gam. D. Gim 21,2 gam.
Cu 18: 1,3 gam cht hu c A chy hon ton thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 0,9 gam H2O. T
khi hi ca A i vi oxi l d tha mn iu kin 3<d<3,5. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C2H2.
B. C8H8.
C. C4H4.
D. C6H6.
Cu 19: t chy hon ton m t th tch hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tch oxi (o cng
iu kin nhit v p sut), sn phm thu c ch gm CO 2 v H2O vi mCO2 : mH2O =
44 : 9. Bit MA < 150. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C4H6O.
B. C8H8O.
C. C8H8.
D. C2H2.
Cu 20: t chy ht 9,18 gam 2 ng ng k tip thuc dy ca benzen A, B thu c H 2O
v 30,36 gam CO2. Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l:
A. C6H6 ; C7H8.
B. C8H10 ; C9H12.
C. C7H8 ; C9H12.
D. C9H12 ; C10H14.
C. P N
1
A
2
D
3
A
4
C
5
C
6
A
7
C
8
B
9
B
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A D A D D A B A B C B
CHNG 8 : DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL PHENOL

A. KIN THC C BN
I. DN XUT HALOGEN
1. Khi nim
Khi thay th nguyn t hidro ca phn t hidrocacbon bng nguyn t halogen th thu
c dn xut halogen.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng nhm OH
CH3CH2Cl + NaOH
to
CH3CH2OH + NaCl.
b. Phn ng tch HX
etanol, t
CH3CH2Cl + KOH
CH2=CH2 + KCl + H2O.
Quy tc Zaixep: Nguyn t X u tin tch vi nguyn t H C bc cao hn.

II. ANCOL
1. nh ngha Phn loi
a. nh ngha: Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm -OH lin kt trc tip
vi nguyn t C no.
b. Bc ancol l bc ca nguyn t C lin kt trc tip vi nhm -OH.
c. Phn loi theo bc: ancol bc I, ancol bc II, ancol bc III.
Ancol no, n chc, mch h: CnH2n+1OH (n 1)
Ancol thm n chc: C6H5CH2OH
Ancol a chc: CH2OHCH2OH (etilen glicol), HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (glixerol)
2. ng phn Danh php
Ancol no n chc ch c ng phn cu to.
Danh php thng: Ancol + tn gc ankyl + ic.
Danh php thay th: S ch mch nhnh + tn mch nhnh + tn mch chnh + s ch v tr
nhm OH + ol.
3. Tnh cht vt l
Tan nhiu trong nc do to c lin kt H vi nc. tan trong nc gim dn khi s
nguyn t C tng ln. Ancol in li yu hn c nc.
4. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th H ca nhm -OH
* Tc dng Na kim loi to kh hidro: 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2.
Mui ca ancol b thy phn hon ton trong nc.
* Tnh cht c trng ca ancol a chc c hai nhm OH lin k: ha tan c Cu(OH)2
iu kin thng to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit ancol
a chc c hai nhm -OH lin k.
b. Phn ng th nhm OH
* Phn ng vi axit v c
C2H5OH + HBr
to
C2H5Br + H2O.
* Phn ng vi ancol to ete:

2C2H5OH
H 2SO 4 ,140o C
C2H5OC2H5 + H2O.
c. Phn ng tch nc
C2H5OH
H 2SO4 ,170o C
C2H4 + H2O.
d. Phn ng oxi ha
Ancol bc I khi b oxi ha bi CuO/t cho ra sn phm l anehit
RCH2OH + CuO
to
RCHO + Cu + H2O
Ancol bc hai khi b oxi ha bi CuO/to cho ra sn phm l xeton.

Ancol bc III kh b oxi ha.
Ancol c th chy to thnh CO2 v nc.
5. iu ch
a. Phng php tng hp
iu ch t anken tng ng cng nc to ancol n chc. iu ch Glixerol i

t anken tng ng l CH2=CHCH3.
b. Phng php sinh ha: iu ch C2H5OH t tinh bt thng qua qu trnh thy phn tinh
bt v qu trnh ln men ru.
enzim
C6H12O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2.
II. PHENOL
1. nh ngha Phn loi Danh php
Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm hidroxi (OH) lin kt trc
tip vi nguyn t C vng benzen.
Phenol n chc: Phn t c mt nhm OH phenol.
Phenol a chc: Phn t cha hai hay nhiu nhm OH phenol.
Danh php: S ch v tr nhm th + phenol
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH
Tc dng vi kim loi kim: 2C6H5OH + 2Na 2C6H5ONa + H2.
Tc dng vi dung dch baz: C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O.
Phenol th hin tnh axit rt yu, yu hn c axit cacbonic.
b. Phn ng th H ca vng benzen: Tc dng vi dung dch Brom to kt ta trng.
C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OH (2, 4, 6 tribrom phenol) + 3HBr.
3. iu ch: C6H6 C6H5Br C6H5ONa C6H5OH.
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Dn xut halogen khng c ng phn cis-trans l
A. CHCl=CHCl.
B. CH2=CH-CH2F.
C. CH3CH=CBrCH3.
D. CH3CH2CH=CHCHClCH3.
Cu 2: Danh php IUPAC ca dn xut halogen c cng thc cu to: ClCH2CH(CH3)CHClCH3 l
A. 1,3-iclo-2-metylbutan.
B. 2,4-iclo-3-metylbutan.
C. 1,3-iclopentan.
D. 2,4-iclo-2-metylbutan.
Cu 3: Cho cc cht sau: C6H5CH2Cl ; CH3CHClCH3 ; Br2CHCH3 ; CH2=CHCH2Cl. Tn gi
ca cc cht trn ln lt l
A. benzyl clorua ; isopropyl clorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; anlyl clorua.
B. benzyl clorua ; 2-clopropan ; 1,2-ibrometan ;1-cloprop-2-en.
C. phenyl clorua ; isopropylclorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; 1-cloprop-2-en.
D. benzyl clorua ; n-propyl clorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; 1-cloprop-2-en.
Cu 4: Cng thc no di y l cng thc ca ancol no, mch h chnh xc nht ?
A. R(OH)n.
B. CnH2n + 2O.
C. CnH2n + 2Ox.
D. CnH2n + 2 x (OH)x.
Cu 5: Ancol no, n chc c 10 nguyn t H trong phn t c s ng phn l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 2.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: Cho hp cht thm : ClC6H4CH2Cl + dung dch KOH (long, d, to) ta thu c cht no?
A. HOC6H4CH2OH.
B. ClC6H4CH2OH.
C. HOC6H4CH2Cl. D.
KOC6H4CH2OH.
Cu 7: Thy phn dn xut halogen no sau y s thu c ancol ?
(1) CH3CH2Cl.
(2) CH3CH=CHCl. (3) C6H5CH2Cl.
(4) C6H5Cl.
A. (1), (3).
B. (1), (2), (3).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D.(1), (2),
(3), (4).
Cu 8: Cho s phn ng sau : CH4 X Y Z T C6H5OH. (X, Y, Z l cc cht
hu c khc nhau). Z l
A. C6H5Cl.
B. C6H5NH2.
C. C6H5NO2.
D.
C6H5ONa.
Cu 9: C bao nhiu ancol b c III, c cng thc phn t C6H14O ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 10: C bao nhiu ancol thm, cng thc C8H10O ?
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 8.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: Ancol X n chc, no, mch h c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 37. Cho X tc dng
vi H2SO4 c un nng n 180oC thy to thnh mt anken c nhnh duy nht. X l
A. propan-2-ol.
B. butan-2-ol.
C. butan-1-ol.
D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Cu 12: Mt ancol n chc X mch h tc dng vi HBr c dn xut Y cha 58,4% brom
v khi lng. un X vi H2SO4 c 170oC c 3 anken. Tn X l
A. pentan-2-ol.
B. butan-1-ol.
C. butan-2-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Cu 12: Pha a gam ancol etylic (d = 0,8 g/ml) vo nc c 80 ml ancol 25o. Gi tr a l
A. 16.
B. 25,6.
C. 32.
D. 40.
Cu 14: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc).
B. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.
C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
D. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CHCO)2O.
Cu 15: Cho cc hp cht sau :
(a) HOCH2CH2OH.
(b) HOCH2CH2CH2OH.
(c)
HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH.
(d) CH3CH(OH)CH2OH.
(e) CH3CH2OH.
(f) CH3OCH2CH3.
S cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4.
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Cho 12,8 gam dung dch ancol A (trong nc) c nng 71,875% tc dng vi
lng Na d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Cng thc ca ancol A l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H4 (OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D.
C4H7OH.
Cu 17: Ancol A tc dng vi Na d cho s mol H 2 bng s mol A dng. t chy hon
ton A c mCO2 = 1,833mH2O. A c cu to thu gn l
A. C2H4(OH)2.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C4H8(OH)2.
Cu 18: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn
ng t ti trng thi cn bng thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 55%.
B. 50%.
C. 62,5%.
D.
75%.
Cu 19: Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH 3COOH v 1 mol C2H5OH, lng este ln
nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este
ho 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng
nhit )
A. 0,342.
B. 2,925.
C. 2,412.
D. 0,456.
Cu 20: Dn hi C2H5OH qua ng ng CuO nung nng c hn hp X gm anehit, ancol
d v nc. Cho X tc dng vi Na d c 4,48 lt H 2 ktc. Khi lng hn hp X l (bit
ch c 80% ancol b oxi ha)
A. 13,8 gam
B. 27,6 gam.
C. 18,4 gam.
D. 23,52 gam.
C. P N
1
B
2
A
3
A
4
D
5
C
6
B
7
A
8
A
9
C
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A D C A A C C B C B D
CHNG 9 : ANEHIT XETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A. KIN THC C BN
I. ANEHIT
1. nh ngha Danh php
Anehit l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm CH=O lin kt trc tip vi
nguyn t C hoc nguyn t H.
Tn thay th ca cc anehit no n chc mch h: Tn hidrocacbon no tng ng
mch chnh + al.
Tn thng thng: Anehit + tn axit tng ng.
V d: HCHO (anehit fomic), CH3CHO (anehit axetic).
2. Tnh cht ha hc: Va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh.
a. Phn ng cng H2 to thnh ancol bc I.
b. Tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha nh dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, Cu(OH)2/OHRCHO + 2AgNO3 + H2O + 3NH3 RCOONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3.
RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH
to
RCOONa + Cu2O ( gch) + 3H2O.
Cc phn ng trn dng nhn bit anehit.

3. iu ch
iu ch anehit ta i t ancol bng phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton vi CuO
un nng. i t anken bng phn ng oxi ha hu hn vi O2.
II. XETON
1. nh ngha: l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm C=O lin kt trc tip vi hai
nguyn t C hai bn.
V d: CH3COCH3 (imetyl xeton).
2. Tnh cht ha hc: Cng H2 to thnh ancol bc II. Xeton khng tham gia phn ng trng
gng.
3. iu ch: Oxi ha khng hon ton ancol bc II.
III. AXIT CACBOXYLIC
1. nh ngha Danh php
Axit cacboxylic l nhng phn t hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm COOH lin

kt trc tip vi nguyn t C hoc nguyn t H.
Tn thay th ca cc axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h: Axit + tn hidrocacbon
no tng ng vi mch chnh + oic.
2. Tnh cht vt l
Axit tan nhiu trong nc do to c lin kt H vi nc v tan gim dn khi s
nguyn t C tng ln.
Nhit si cao hn ancol tng ng do lin kt H gia cc nguyn t bn hn lin
kt H gia cc phn t ancol.
3. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Tnh axit: C y tnh cht ca mt axit, tc dng vi kim loi gii phng kh hidro, tc
dng vi oxit baz, baz to mui v nc; tc dng vi mui ca axit yu hn.
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O.
2CH3COOH + ZnO (CH3COO)2Zn + H2O.
2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O.
2CH3COOH + Zn (CH3COO)2Zn + H2.
Trong dy ng ng ca axit no, n chc, mch h, tnh axit gim dn nu s C
tng.
b. Phn ng th nhm OH (phn ng este ha):

RCOOH + ROH
H 2SO4 ()
RCOOR + H2O.
4. iu ch axit axetic
a. Ln men gim
enzim
C2H5OH + O2
CH3COOH + H2O.
b. Oxi ha anehit axetic

2CH3CHO + O2
xt
2CH3COOH + H2O.
c. T metanol: CH3OH + CO
xt, t o
CH3COOH.
y l phng php hin i sn xut axit axetic.

B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Mt anehit c cng thc tng qut l CnH2n + 2 2a m (CHO)m. Cc gi tr n, a, m ln
lt c xc nh l
A. n > 0, a 0, m 1.
B. n 0, a 0, m 1.
C. n > 0, a > 0, m > 1.
D. n 0, a > 0, m 1.
Cu 2: Axit khng no, n chc c mt lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon c cng thc ph
hp l
A. CnH2n+1-2kCOOH ( n 2).
B. RCOOH.
C. CnH2n-1COOH ( n 2).
D. CnH2n+1COOH ( n 1).
Cu 3: Hp cht CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(C2H5)COOH c tn quc t l
A. axit 2-etyl-5-metyl hexanoic.
B. axit 2-etyl-5-metyl nonanoic.
C. axit 5-etyl-2-metyl hexanoic.
D. tn gi khc.
Cu 4: Gim n l dung dch axit axetic c nng l
A. 2% 5%.
B. 59%.
C. 912%.
D.
1215%.
Cu 5: Cht c nhit si cao nht l

A. CH3CHO.
B. C2H5OH.
C. CH3COOH.
D. C2H6.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to C5H10O c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 7: C bao nhiu xeton c cng thc phn t l C5H10O ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 8: Cho cc cht CH3CH2COOH (X) ; CH3COOH ( Y) ; C2H5OH ( Z) ; CH3OCH3 (T).
Dy gm cc cht c sp xp tng dn theo nhi t si l
A. T, X, Y, Z.
B. T, Z, Y, X.
C. Z, T, Y, X.
D. Y, T, Z, X.
Cu 9: Cho dy cc cht : HCHO, CH3COOH, HCOONa, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S
cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 10: Oxi ha 17,4 gam m t anehit n chc c 16,65 gam axit tng ng (H = 75%).
Anehit c cng thc phn t l
A. CH2O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H4O.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: t chy hon ton m t anehit n chc no, mch h A cn 17,92 lt O2 (ktc).
Hp th ht sn phm chy vo nc vi trong c 40 gam kt ta v dung dch X. un
nng dung dch X li c 10 gam kt ta na. Cng thc phn t A l
A. CH2O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C4H8O.
Cu 12: X, Y, Z, T l 4 anehit no h n chc ng ng lin tip, trong M T = 2,4MX.
t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Z ri hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng dung dch tng hay gim bao nhiu gam?
A. tng 18,6 gam.
B. tng 13,2 gam.
C. Gim 11,4 gam. D. Gim 30 gam.
Cu 13: Cho m gam ancol n chc no (h) X qua ng ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton thy khi lng cht rn trong ng gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c
(gm hi anehit v hi nc) c t khi so vi H2 l 19. Gi tr m l
A. 1,2 gam.
B. 1,16 gam.
C. 0,92 gam.
D.0,64 gam.
Cu 14: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag 2O
(hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi
lng Ag to thnh l
A. 43,2 gam.
B. 10,8 gam.
C. 64,8 gam.
D. 21,6 gam.
Cu 15: trung ha 40 ml gim n cn 25 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit khi lng ring
ca gim l 1 g/ml. V y mu gim n ny c nng l
A. 3,5%.
B. 3,75%.
C. 4%.
D. 5%.
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung
dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht
rn khan.
Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H5COOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. HCOOH.
D. C3H7COOH.
Cu 17: A v B l 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. Trn 1,2 gam A vi 5,18 gam B c hn hp
X. trung ha ht X cn 90 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. A, B ln lt l
A. Axit propionic, axit axetic.
B. axit axetic, axit propionic.
C. Axit acrylic, axit propionic.

D. Axit axetic, axit acrylic.
Cu 18: Cho 2,46 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH 3COOH, C6H5OH tc dng va vi 400
ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l
A. 3,54 gam.
B. 4,46 gam.
C. 5,32 gam.
D. 11,26 gam.
Cu 19: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag 2O (hoc
AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag
bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc
ca X l
A. C3H7CHO.
B. C4H9CHO.
C. HCHO.
D. C2H5CHO
Cu 20: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h
v c cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol
ca X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O. Mt
khc, nu un nng M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l 80%) th s
gam este thu c l
A. 18,24.
B. 34,20.
C. 22,80.
D. 27,36.
C. P N
1
B
2
C
3
A
4 5
A C
6
C
7
C
8
B
9
C
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C C C A C B B B D A A
LP 12
CHNG 1: ESTE LIPIT
A. KIN THC C BN
I. ESTE
- c im cu to phn t: RCOOR
- Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn este:
Este no, n chc (CnH2nO2): s ng phn: 2n-2
(1<n<5)
- Danh php (gc chc): tn gc R + tn gc axit RCOO + at
- L cht lng hoc rn, nh hn nc, c mi thm , rt t tan trong nc v c nhit
si thp ( do khng to lin kt hiro).
- Phn ng thy phn este:
to , H2SO4
c
trong axit: C2H5OH + CH3COOH

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
etyl axetat
t
trong kim: CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH
CH3COONa + C2H5OH
- iu ch: un si hn hp gm ancol v axit cacboxylic, c axit H 2SO4 c lm xc

tc (phn ng este ho).
RCOOH + ROH
t 0 , H 2SO 4
RCOOR + H2O
II. LIPIT
- Cng thc cu to chung ca cht bo :
R1COO C H2
|
R2COO C H
|
R3COO CH2
(trong R1, R2, R3 l gc hirocacbon, c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau)
Th d :
(C17H35COO)3C3H5 : tristearoylglixerol (tristearin) ;
(C17H33COO)3C3H5 : trioleoylglixerol (triolein) ;
(C15H31COO)3C3H5 : tripanmitoylglixerol (tripanmitin).
- Axit bo l axit n chc c mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh, c tng s nguyn
t cacbon l s chn ( thng t 12C .n 24C).
- Thu phn:
CH 3[CH 2 ]16COO 3 C3H5 3H 2O
t o, H
tristearin
3CH 3[CH 2 ]16COOH C3H 5(OH)3
axit stearic
0
CH3[CH2]16COO 3 C3H5 3NaOH
3CH3[CH2]16COONa
glixerol
C3H5(OH)3
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Khng nh no sau y l ng?
A. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng kim gi l phn ng este ha.
B. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng mt chiu.
C. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng kim l phn ng mt chiu.
D. Este ch b thy phn trong mi trng axit.
Cu 2: Cho vo 2 ng nghim , mi ng khong 2 ml etylaxetat, sau thm vo ng th
nht 1 ml dung dch H2SO4 20%, thm vo ng th hai 2 ml NaOH 30%. Lc u c 2 ng
nghim.Lp ng sinh hn ng thi un si nh trong 5 pht. Hin tng thu c s l:
A. ng nghim 1 , cht lng phn thnh 2 lp; ng nghim 2 cht lng thnh ng nht.
B. c 2 ng nghim cht lng u phn thnh 2 lp.
C. c 2 ng nghim cht lng u tr thnh ng nht.
D. ng nghim 1 cht lng thnh ng nht; ng nghim 2 cht lng phn thnh 2 lp.
Cu 3:Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to sau y:
(1) CH3CH2COOCH3; (2) CH3OOCCH3; (3) HCOOC2H5; (4) CH3COC2H5;
(5) CH3CH(COOCH3)2; (6) HOOCCH2CH2OH; (7) CH3OOC COOC2H5.
Nhng cht thuc loi este l
A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6)
B. (1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (7)
C. (1), (2), (3), (5), (7)
D. (1), (2), (3), (6), (7)
Cu 4: Ch ra cu nhn xt ng :
A. Este ca axit cacboxylic thng l nhng cht lng kh bay hi.
B .Este si nhit thp hn so vi cc axit cacboxylic c cng s cac bon.
C. Cc este u nng hn nc, kh tan trong nc.
D. Cc este tan tt trong nc, kh tan trong dung mi hu c.
Cu 5:Hp cht X n chc c cng thc n gin nht l CH2O. X tc dng c vi dung
dch NaOH nhng khng tc dng c vi Na. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HOCH2CH2COOH
B. HOOC-CH3
C. HCOOCH3
D.OHC-CH2OH
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: Khi thy phn vinyl axetat trong mi trng a xit thu c
A. axit axetic v ancol vinylic.
B. axit axetic v anehit axetic.
B. axit axetic v ancol etylic.
D. axit axetat v ancol vinylic.
Cu 7: Khi thy phn mt triglyxerit thu c Glixerol v mui ca cc axit stearic , oleic,
panmitic.
S
CTCT c th c ca triglyxerit l:
A. 6.
B. 15.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 8: t chy hon ton mt lng este no n chc th th tch kh CO 2 sinh ra lun bng
th tch kh O2 cn cho phn ng cng iu kin nhit v p sut . Tn gi ca este em
t l
A. etyl axetat
B. metyl fomat
C. metyl axetat
D. propyl fomat
Cu 9: X phng ha hon ton mt hp cht c cng thc C10H14O6 trong lng d dung
dch NaOH, thu c hn hp gm 3 mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc) v glixerol. Cng
thc ca 3 mui ln lt l:
A. CH2=CH-COONa, HCOONa, CH C-COONa.
B. CH3-COONa, HCOONa, CH3-CH=CH-COONa.
C. HCOONa, CH C-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa.
D. CH2=CH-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa, HCOONa
Cu 10: X l este to t ancol no n chc mch h v axit hu c no mch h. X khng tc
dng vi Na. Trong phn t X c cha 2 lin kt . Hy cho bit cng thc chung no ng
nht vi X ?
A. CnH2n-4O4
B. CnH2n-2O4
C. R(COOR)2
D.CnH2n(COOCmH2m+1)2
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 12: Cho 4,4g este n chc no E tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH ta thu c 4,8g
mui natri. Cng thc cu to ca E c th l
A. CH3COOCH3
B. C2H5COOCH3
C. CH3COOC2H5
D. HCOOC2H5
Cu 13: Hiro ho hon ton m(gam) triolein (glixerol trioleat) th thu c 89gam tristearin
(glixerol tristearat). Gi tr m l
A. 84,8gam
B. 88,4gam
C. 48,8gam
D. 88,9gam
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm 2 este n chc A v B hn km nhau mt nhm -CH 2- Cho 6,6g
hn hp X tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 7,4g hn hp 2 mui.
Cng thc cu to chnh xc ca A v B l
A. CH3-COOC2H5 v H-COOC2H5
B. CH3-COO-CH=CH2 v H-COOCH=CH2
C. CH3-COOC2H5 v CH3-COOCH3
D. H-COOCH3 v CH3-COOCH3
Cu 15: Cn bao nhiu tn cht bo cha 85% tristearin sn xut c 1,5 tn x phng
cha 85% natri stearat (v khi lng). Bit hiu sut thu phn l 85%
A. 1,500 tn
B. 1,454 tn
C. 1,710 tn
D. 2,012 tn
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16 : Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin.
S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Cu 17: X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC 2H5 v CH3COOCH3
bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H 2SO4
c 140oC, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,05.
B. 8,10.
C. 18,00.
D. 16,20.
Cu 18: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn
3), thu c th tch kh CO 2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O 2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng
iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung
dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l

A. 8,88.
B. 10,56.
C. 6,66.
D. 7,20.
Cu 19: Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va vi mt lng
NaOH, thu c 207,55 gam hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn ng l
A. 32,36 gam.
B. 31,45 gam.
C. 30 gam.
D. 31 gam
Cu 20: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C10H`10O2. un nng X trong dd NaOH thu c 2
mui u c phn t khi > 100. Hy cho bit c tt c bao nhiu ng phn tha mn cho X.
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
C. P N
1
C
2
A
3
C
4
B
5
C
6
B
7
C
8
B
9
D
10 11 12 13
D C B B
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D C C B A D B
CHNG 2: CACBOHIRAT
A. KIN THC C BN
I. GLUCOZ
- Cu to phn t ca Glucoz:
6
5
4
3
2
1
CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CH=O
- Tnh cht hh:
+ Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh lam,
+ Phn ng trng bc nhit cao, H2
HOCH2[CHOH]4CHO +2AgNO3 +3NH3 +H2O
to
HOCH2[CHOH]4COONH4 +2Ag +2NH4NO3

CH2OH CHOH 4 CHO +H2

Ni, to
CH2OH CHOH 4 CH2OH
sobitol
- Phn ng ln men:
C6H12O6
enzim
30 35oC
2C2H5
OH +2CO2
- Cu to phn t ca Frutoz: Tnh cht tng t nh glucoz

6
5
4
3
2 1
CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CO-CH2OH
OH
Lu : Fructoz
Glucoz
II. SACCAROZ- TINH BT V XEN LULOZ

1. SACCAROZ:
- Tnh cht ca ancol a chc Cu (OH )2 hp cht mu xanh lam
- Thu phn: C12H22O11 + H2O
H
2C6H12O6
2. TINH BT:
+ o
- Thu phn: (C H O ) +nH O H , t
6 10 5 n
2
- Tinh bt
I2
mu xanh tm
nC6H12O6
3. XENLULOZ:
- Tnh cht ca ancol a chc
Cu ( OH )2
hp cht mu xanh lam
+ o
- Thu phn: (C H O ) +nH O H , t
6 10 5 n
2
nC6H12O6
- Tc dng vi HNO3:
H2SO4
, to
[C6H7O2(OH)3]n +3nHNO3
[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n +3nH 2O
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: D kin thc nghim no sau y khng ng ?
A. Kh hon ton glucoz cho n-hexan, chng t glucoz c 6 nguyn t cacbon to thnh
mt mch di khng phn nhnh.
B.Glucoz c phn ng trng bc, do phn t glucoz c nhm CHO
C. Glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh lam chng t phn t glucoz c
5 nhm -OH v tr k nhau.
D. Trong phn t glucoz c nhm -OH c th phn ng vi nhm -CHO cho cc dng cu
to vng.
Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Fructoz tn ti dng rn, vng 5 cnh trng thi tinh th.
B. Oxi ha glucoz bng AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c amoni gluconat.
C. Metyl glucozit c th chuyn c t dng mch vng sang dng mch h.
D. Kh glucoz bng H2 thu c sobitol.
Cu 3: Bnh nhn phi tip ng (tim hoc truyn dung dch ng vo tnh mch), l
loi ng no?
A. Glucoz
B. Mantoz
C. Saccaroz
D. Fructoz
Cu 4: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng v tinh bt?
A. L cht rn mu trng, v nh hnh.
B. C phn ng trng bc.
C. L hn hp ca hai polisaccarit: amiloz v amilopectin.
D. Thy phn hon ton cho glucoz.
Cu 5: Cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca xenluloz ln lt l
A. (C6H12O6)n, [C6H7O2(OH)3]n.
B.(C6H10O5)n, [C6H7O2(OH)3]n.
C. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n, (C6H10O5)n.
D.(C6H10O5)n, [C6H7O2(OH)2]n.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: Cho mt s tnh cht : c dng si (1) ; tan trong nc (2) ; tan trong nc Svayde
(3) ; phn ng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4) ; tham gia phn ng trng bc
(5) ; b thu phn trong dung dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l
A. (2), (3), (4) v (5)
B. (1), (3), (4) v (6)
C. (3), (4), (5) v (6)
D. (1), (2), (3) v (4).
Cu 7: Tinh bt v xenluloz khc nhau v
A. Sn phm ca phn ng thu phn.
B. tan trong nc.
C. Thnh phn phn t.
D. Cu trc mch phn t.
Cu 8: Gia Saccaroz v glucoz c c im ging nhau l:
A. u c ly t c ci ng.
B. u c trong bit dc huyt thanh ngt
C. u b oxi ha bi dd Ag2O/NH3.
D. u ha tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cho dd mu xanh lam.
Cu 9: Cho mt s tnh cht:
(1) l polisaccarit.
(2) l cht kt tinh, khng mu.
(3) khi thu phn to thnh glucoz v fructoz.
(4) tham gia phn ng trng gng.
(5) phn ng vi Cu(OH)2.
Cc tnh cht ca saccaroz l
A. (3), (4), (5).
B. (1), (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (3), (5).
D. (2), (3), (5).
Cu 10: Dy cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn trong dung dch H 2SO4
un nng l:
A. fructoz, saccaroz v tinh bt, mantoz
B. saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz,mantoz
C. glucoz, saccaroz v fructoz,tinh bt
D. glucoz, tinh bt v xenluloz, mantoz
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: phn bit c dung dch ca cc cht: glucoz, glixerol, etanol, formanehit, ch
cn dng mt thuc th l
A. Cu(OH)2/ OHB. [Ag(NH3)2]OH
C. Nc brom
D. Kim loi Na
Cu 12: Cho 360 gam glucoz ln men to thnh ancol etylic, kh sinh ra c dn vo nc
vi trong d thu c m gam kt tA. Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men t 80% . gi tr
ca m l
A. 400
B. 320
C. 200
D. 160
Cu 13: Cho Xenluloz phn ng vi anhirit axetic (H 2SO4 l xc tc) thu c 11,10 gam
hn hp X gm xenluloz triaxetat v xenluloz iaxetat v 6,60 gam axit axetic. Thnh phn
phn % theo khi lng ca xenluloz triaxetat v xenluloz iaxetat trong X ln lt l
A. 76,84%; 23,16%.
B. 70,00%; 30,00%.
C. 77,84%; 22,16%.
D. 77,00%; 23,00%.
Cu 14: Khi lng glucoz cn dng d to ra 1,82 gam sobitol vi hiu sut 80% l:
A. 2,25 gam.
B. 1,44 gam.
C.22,5 gam.
D. 14,4 gam.
Cu 15: Khi lng ng (II) hiroxit phn ng va vi dung dch cha 9 gam glucoz
l:
A.1,225 gam.
B. 4,9gam.
C.10,80 gam
D. 21,6 gam.
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 v u lm mt mu
nc brom l
A. glucoz, etilen, anehit axetic, fructoz.
B. axetilen, glucoz, etilen, anehit axetic.
C. axetilen, glucoz, etilen, but-2-in.
D.
propin,
glucoz,
mantoz,
vinylaxetilen.
Cu 17: Cho s phn ng:
Tinh bt
H 2O
H
A
men
ZnO ; MgO
500o C
D
t
, p , xt
Cht E trong s phn ng trn l:

A. Cao su Buna
B. Buta-1,3-ien
C. axit axetic
D. polietilen
Cu 18: Xenluloz trinitrat l cht d chy v n mnh, c iu ch t xenluloz v axit
nitric. Th tch axit nitric 63% c d = 1,52g/ml cn sn xut 594 g xenluloz trinitrat nu
hiu sut t 60% l
A. 324,0 ml
B. 657,9 ml
C. 1520,0 ml
D. 219,3 ml
Cu 19: Thu phn m gam tinh bt, sn phm thu c em ln men sn xut ancol etylic,
ton b kh CO2 sinh ra cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 750 gam kt ta. Nu hiu
sut mi giai on l 80% th gi tr m l
A. 949,2
B. 607,6
C. 1054,7
D. 759,4
Cu 20: Thy phn dung dch cha 34,2 gam mantoz mt thi gian. Ly ton b sn phm
thu c sau phn ng thy phn cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, sau
phn ng hon ton thu c 31,32 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng thy phn mantoz l
A. 50%
B. 72,5%
C. 55,5%
D.
45%
C. P N
1
C
2
C
3
A
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
D
8
D
9
D
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B A B C A B D A D A B
CHNG 3: AMIN, AMINOAXIT V PROTEIN

A. KIN THC C BN
I. AMIN
- Bc ca amin: amin bc mt, bc hai, bc ba. Th d :
CH3CH2CH2NH2
CH3CH2NHCH3
Amin bc mt
Amin bc hai
Danh php: tn gc hirocacbon + amin
Bng 3.1. Tn gi ca mt s amin

Hp cht
Tn gc chc
CH3NH2
Metylamin
C2H5NH2
Etylamin
CH3CH2CH2NH2
Propylamin
CH3CH(NH2)CH3
Isopropylamin
H2N[CH2]6NH2
C6H5NH2
Phenylamin
C6H5NHCH3
Metylphenylamin
C2H5NHCH3
Etylmetylamin
(CH3)3N
Amin bc ba
Tn thay th
Metanamin
Etanamin
Propan 1amin
Propan 2amin
Hexan-1,6-iamin
Benzenamin
N-Metylbenzenamin
N-Metyletan-1-amin
Tn thng
Hexametyleniamin
Anilin
N-Metylanilin
N-Metyletanamin
- Tnh cht ho hc:

Tnh baz:
amin thm < NH3 < ankyl amin
CH3NH2 + HCl [CH3NH3]+Cl
Phn ng vi a xit nitr C 2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2
+H2O
Th nhn thm:
II. AMINOAXIT
- CTPT: (H2N)xR(COOH)y ; ( x, y 1 )
- Tn thay th: axit + v tr nhm NH2 + amino + tn axit tng ng.
- Tn h thng: axit + ch ci ( , ,... ) ch v tr nhm NH2 + amino + tn axit

tng ng.
Tn bn
Tn
Cng thc
Tn thay th
K hiu
h thng
thng
CH2 COOH
Axit aminoetanoic
Axit aminoaxetic Glyxin
Gly
CH3 CH COOH
NH2
Axit
2-aminopropanoic
Axit
Alanin
-aminopropionic
Ala
CH3 CH CH COOH
CH3 NH2
Axit 2-amino-3-metylbutanoic
Axit
Valin
-aminoisovaleric
Val
Axit 2-amino-3(4-hirophenyl)
propanoic
Axit
amino- (pTyrosin
-hiroxiphenyl)
propionic
Tyr
Axit
2-aminopentan-1,5-ioic
Axit
Axit
-aminoglutaric glutamic
Glu
Axit-2,6-iamino
hexanoic
,
Axit
Lysin
iaminocaproic
Lys
Thm cng thc
HOOC CH2 2 CH COOH
NH2
H2N CH2 4 CH COOH
|
NH2
- Tnh cht ha hc:

Tnh lng tnh: H2N CH2 COOH + HCl ClH3NCH2COOH
H2N CH2 COOH + NaOH H2N CH2 COONa + H2O
khHCl
Este ho: H2NCH2COOH + C2H5OH

vi HNO2 : H2NCH2COOH + HNO2

H
trng ngng: nH2NCH2COOH
t0
Tnh axit- baz: (H2N)xR(COOH)y ;
NH2CH2COOC2H5 + H2O
HOCH2COOH + N2 + H2O
HNCH2CO
)n
+ nH2O
x > y : qu tm xanh
x = y : qu tm khng chuyn mu
x < y : qu tm
III. PEPTIT V PROTEIN

- Lin kt peptit: -CO-NH- Loi peptit = s amino axit to nn n.
- S lin kt peptit = s amino axit to nn n - 1.
VD: tripeptit
to nn t 3 amino axit
S lk peptit = 3 1 = 2
- Cch gi tn:
H2NCH2CO NH CHCO NH CH COOH
|
|
CH3
CH(CH3)2
Glyxyl alanylleuxin (Gly-Ala-Val)
- Tnh cht:
B ng t ( t0, baz, axit, mui)
Thu phn
H
pepit ngn hn
H
Phn ng mu biure
Cu (OH )2 ,OH
amino axit
hp cht mu tm.
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Pht biu no di y v tnh cht vt l ca amin khng ng ?
A. Metyl - ,etyl - ,imetyl- ,trimeltyl l cht kh, d tan trong nc.
B. Cc amin kh c mi tng t amoniac, c.
C. Anilin l cht lng, kh tan trong nc, mu en.
D. tan ca amin gim dn khi s nguyn t cacbon tng.
Cu 2: Khi thy phn polipeptit sau:
H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CHCO-NH-CH CO-NH- CH- COOH
CH2COOH CH2-C6H5
CH3
S amino axit khc nhau thu c l
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 3: Thu phn khng hon ton tetrapeptit (X), ngoi cc a-amino axit cn thu
c cc ipetit: Gly-Ala ; Phe-Val ; Ala-Phe. Cu to no sau y l ng ca X ?
A. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala.
B. Ala-Val-Phe-Gly.
C. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe.
D. Gly-Ala-PheVal.
Cu 4: Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2.
B. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c gi l lin kt peptit.
C. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc -amino axit.
D. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo.
Cu 5: iu no sau y SAI?
A. Dung dch amino axit khng lm giy qu tm i mu.
B. Cc amino axit u tan c trong nc.
C. Khi lng phn t ca amino axit gm mt nhm NH 2 v mt nhm COOH
lun l s l.
D. Hp cht amino axit c tnh lng tnh.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: Cc cht sau c sp xp theo th t tnh baz tng dn:
A. C6H5NH2, NH3, CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, CH3NHCH3
B. CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C2H5NH2
C. NH3, C6H5NH2, CH3NH2, CH3NHCH3
D. NH3, C2H5NH2, CH3NHC2H5, CH3NHCH3
Cu 7: Cho cc dung dch ca cc hp cht sau: NH 2-CH2-COOH (1) ; ClH3N-CH2-COOH
(2) ; NH2-CH2-COONa (3); NH2-(CH2)2CH(NH2)-COOH (4) ; HOOC-(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH (5).
Cc dung dch lm qu tm ho l
A. (1), (3)
B. (3), (4)
C. (2), (5)
D. (1), (4).
Cu 8: C4H11N c s ng phn amin bc 1 l
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 9: T glyxin (Gly) v alanin (Ala) c th to ra my cht ipeptit ?
A. 1 cht.
B. 2 cht.
C. 3 cht.
D. 4 cht.
Cu 10: Dung dch metylamin c th tc dng vi cht no sau y: Na 2CO3, FeCl3, H2SO4
long, CH3COOH, qu tm.
A. FeCl3, H2SO4 long, CH3COOH, Na2CO3.
B. Na2CO3, FeCl3, H2SO4 long.

C. FeCl3, qu tm, H2SO4 long, CH3COOH
D. Na2CO3, H2SO4 long, qu tm
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic, ancol etylic v lng
trng trng ta dng:
A. NaOH
B. AgNO3/NH3
C. Cu(OH)2/OHD. HNO3
Cu 12: C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th
phn bit 3 cht lng trn l
A. Dung dch NaOH
B. Giy qu tm C. Dung dch phenolphtalein
D. Nc brom
Cu 13: trung ha 25 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn dng
100ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H5N
B. C3H7N
C. CH5N
D. C2H7N
Cu 14: Cho 0,01 mol amino axit X tc dng vi HCl th dng ht 80 ml dung dch HCl
0,125M v thu c 1,835 gam mui khan. Cn khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH th cn dng 25 gam dung dch NaOH 3,2%. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2N-C3H6-COOH.
B. H2N-C2H4-COOH.
C. H2NC3H5(COOH)2.
D. (NH2)2C3H5COOH.
Cu 15: Cho 13,35 g hn hp X gm CH2NH2CH2COOH v CH3CHNH2COOH tc dng vi
V ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch Y. Bit dung dch Y tc dng va vi 250
ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 100 ml
B. 150 ml
C. 200 ml
D. 250 ml
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Cho m gam hn hp X gm NH 3, CH5N, C2H7N bit s mol NH3 bng s mol C2H7N em
t chy hon ton thu c 20,16 lit CO2(ktc) v x mol H2O. Vy gi tr ca m v x l
A. 13,95g v 16,20g
B. 16,20g v 13,95g
C. 40,50g v 27,90g
D. 27,90g v 40,50g
Cu 17: Hp cht hu c X l este to bi axit glutamic (axit - amino glutaric) v mt ancol
bc nht. phn ng ht vi 37,8 gam X cn 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Cng thc cu
to thu gn ca X l
A. C2H3(NH2)(COOCH2- CH3)2
B. C3H5(NH2)(COOCH2- CH2- CH3)2
C. C3H5(NH2)(COOH)(COOCH2- CH2- CH3) D. C3H5NH2(COOH)COOCH(CH3)2
Cu 18: Mt cht hu c X c CTPT C3H9O2N. Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nh,
thu c mui Y v kh lm xanh giy qu tm t. Nung Y vi vi ti xt thu c kh
metan. CTCT ph hp ca X l
A. CH3COOCH2NH2
B. C2H5COONH4
C. CH3COONH3CH3
D. C A, B, C
Cu 19: Cho 0,15 mol H 2 NC 3 H 5 (COOH) 2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M,
thu c dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l
A. 0,50.
B. 0,65.
C. 0,70.
D. 0,55.
Cu 20: un nng m gam hn hp gm a mol tetrapeptit mch h X v 2a mol tripeptit mch
h Y vi 600 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va ). Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c cn dung
dch thu c 72,48 gam mui khan ca cc amino axit u c mt nhm -COOH v mt
nhm -NH2 trong phn t. Gi tr ca M l
A. 51,72
C. P N
1
C
2
D
3
D
4 5
D A
B. 54,30
6
A
7
C
8
C
C. 66,00
9
D
D. 44,48
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C C D C C A D C C B A
CHNG 4: POLIME V VT LIU POLIME

A. KIN THC C BN
I. POLIME:
- Polime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu n v nh (gi l mt
xch) lin kt vi nhau to nn.
- Gi tn: poli+ tn monome
VD: ( CH2 CH2 ) n
poli etilen
-CH2-CH2- : mt xch
n: h s polime ho
polime trng ngng

- Phn loi:
polime tng hp
polime trng hp
polime bn tng hp: xenluloz trinitrat, t visco,...
polime thin nhin: cao su, xenluloz,...
- Cu trc:
Mch c nhnh: amiloz
Mch khng nhnh: amilopectin, glicogen
Mch khng gian: cao su lu ho, nha bakelit
Phng php iu ch:
Trng ngng: nH2N[CH2]5COOH

Trng hp: nCH2 CH
|
Cl
xt, to, p
to
( NH[CH2]5CO ) n nH2O
( CH2 CH ) n
|
Cl
II. VT LIU POLIME:

1. Cht do:
- Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do.
- Mt s polime dng lm cht do:
* Polietilen (PE)
nCH2 CH2
to, p
xt
( CH2 CH2 ) n
PE dng lm mng mng, bnh cha, ti ng,

* Poli(vinyl clorua), (PVC)
nCH2 CH
|
Cl
to, xt, p
CH2
CH
|
Cl
PVC l cht v nh hnh, cch in tt, bn vi axit, c dng lm vt liu in, ng

dn nc, vi che ma, da gi,..
* Poli(metyl metacrylat)
- T bng phn ng trng hp :
nCH2 C COOCH3
|
CH3
xt,to
CH3
|
( CH2 C ) n
|
COOCH3
(metyl metacrylat)
Poli(metyl metacrylat)
- Dng ch to thu tinh hu c plexiglas (xem t liu).
* Poli(phenol-fomanehit) (PPF)
PPF c 3 dng : nha novolac, nha rezol, nha rezit.
2. T : 2 loi
t thin nhin
T ho hc
t tng hp
T bn tng hp hay t nhn to.
3. Cao su : 2 loi
cao su thin nhin
cao su tng hp
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1 : Khi nim ng v polime l
A. Polime l hp cht c to thnh t cc phn t ln
B. Polime l hp cht c to thnh t cc phn t c phn t khi nh hn
C. Polime l sn phm duy nht ca phn trng hp hoc trng ngng
D. Polime l hp cht cao phn t gm n mt xch to thnh
Cu 2 : Trong cc cht sau y cht no khng phi l polime
A. Tri stearat glixerol
B. Nha bakelit
C. Cao su
D. Tinh bt
Cu 3 : Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon-6,6, t axetat, t capron, t enang.
Nhng loi t no thuc loi t nhn to l:
A. T nilon 6,6 v t capron.
B. T tm v t enang.
C. T visco v t nilon-6,6.
D. T visco v t axetat.
Cu 4: Cht c cng thc cu to sau c to thnh t phn ng
( CH2 - CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH )n
H5
A. CH3-CH=CH-CH3 v C
CH
B. CH2=CH2 v CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-C6H5
6H5
6 2=CH-C
C. CH2=CH-CH3 v CH2=CH-CH2-C6H5 D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2 v CH2=CH-C6H5
Cu 5 : T nilon 6,6 l:
A. Hexaclo xiclohexan
B. Poliamit ca axit aipic v
hexametylendiamin
C. Poliamit ca - aminocaproic
D. Polieste ca axit aipic v etylenglycol
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: Polime no di y c cng cu trc mch polime vi nha bakelit ?
A. amiloz
B. glicogen
C. cao su lu ha
D. xenluloz
Cu 7: Khi t chy polime X ch thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc vi t l s mol tng ng l 1 :
1. X l polime no di y ?
A. Polipropilen
B. Tinh bt
C. Polivinyl clorua (PVC)
D. Polistiren (PS)
Cu 8: git o len (lng cu) cn dng loi x phng c tnh cht no di y ?
A. X phng c tnh baz
B. X phng c tnh axit
C. X phng trung tnh

D. Loi no cng c
Cu 9: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. PVA bn trong mi trng kim khi un nng
B. T olon c sn xut t polome trng ngng.
C. T nilon -6 c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng ngng hexametylen iamin vi
axit aipic.
D. ng trng hp buta-1,3-ien vi acrylonitrin c cao su buna-N.
Cu 10: Nhm cc vt liu polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp
A. Cao su buna-S, t lapsan, t axetat
B. T enang, thu tinh hu c, PE
C. Poli(vinyl clorua), nha rezol, PVA
D. Polipropilen, t olon, cao su buna
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: Xenluloz iaxetat (X) c dng sn xut phim nh hoc t axetat. Cng thc
n gin nht (cng thc thc nghim) ca X l
A. C3H4O2
B. C10H14O7
C. C12H14O7
D. C12H14O5
Cu 12: Cho cc polime: polietilen (1), poli(metylmetacrilat) (2), polibutaien (3),
polisitiren(4), poli(vinylaxetat) (5); t nilon-6,6 (6).Trong cc polime trn cc polime b thy
phn trong dung dch axit v trong dung dch kim l:
A. (1),(4),(5),(3)
B. (1),(2),(5);(4)
C. (2),(5),(6),
D. (2),(3),(6);
Cu 13: Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 u v ca mt on mch t
capron l 17176 u. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln lt
l
A. 113 v 152
B. 113 v 114
C. 121 v 152
D. 121 v 114
Cu 14: Khi trng ngng a gam axit aminoaxetic vi hiu sut 80%, ngoi aminoaxit d
ngi ta cn thu c m gam polime v 2,88 gam nc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,296 gam
B. 11,40 gam
C. 11,12 gam
D. 9,120 gam
Cu 15: T 15kg metyl metacrylat c th iu ch c bao nhiu gam thu tinh hu c c
hiu sut 90%?
A. 13500n (kg)
B. 13500 g
C. 150n (kg)
D. 13,5 (kg)
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16 : Phn ng no sau y mch polime b thay i?
A. Cao su Isopren + HCl
B. PVC + Cl2 as
o
C. PVA + NaOH t
D. Nha Rezol t
Cu 17: Mt loi cao su thin nhin c lu ha c cha 2,05% lu hunh v khi lng.
Hi c bao nhiu mt xch isopren c mt cu ni isunfua -S-S-, gi thit rng S thay th
nguyn t H nhm metylen trong mch cao su?
A. 46.
B. 47.
C. 45.
D. 23.
Cu 18: em trng hp 10,8 gam buta-1,3-ien thu c sn phm gm caosu buna v buta1,3-ien d. Ly 1/2 sn phm tc dng hon ton vi dung dch Br 2 d thy 10,2 g Br2 phn
ng.Vy hiu sut phn ng l
A. 40%
B. 80%
C. 60%
D.79%
Cu 19: PVC c iu ch t kh thin nhin theo s sau:
CH4 C2H2 CH2 = CHCl PVC.
Nu hiu sut ton b qu trnh iu ch l 20% th th tch kh thin nhin (ktc) cn ly
iu ch 1 tn PVC l (xem kh thin nhin cha 100% metan v th tch):
A. 1792 m3.
B. 2915 m3.
C. 3584 m3.
D. 896 m3.
Cu 20: Tin hnh phn ng ng trng hp gia stiren v buta 1,3 ien (butaien), thu
c polime X. C 2,834 gam X phn ng va ht vi 1,731 gam Br 2. T l s mt xch
(butaien : stiren) trong loi polime trn l
A. 1 : 1.
B. 1 : 2.
C. 2 : 3.
D. 1 : 3.
C. P N
1
D
2
A
3
D
4
D
5
B
6
C
7
A
8
C
9
D
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D B C C D B C A B C B
CHNG 5 I CNG V KIM LOI

A. KIN THC C BN
I. V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG HTTH. CU TO CA KIM LOI
1. V tr ca kim loi:
- Nhm IA (tr H); nhm IIA; nhm IIIA (tr B); 1 phn ca nhm IVA n VIA.
- Nhm IB n VIIIB.
- H Lantan v Actini.
2. Cu to ca kim loi:
- Cu to nguyn t:
+ Nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi iu c t electron lp ngoi cng
(1,2 hoc 3).
V d: Na[Ne]3s1,Mg[Ne]3s2, Al[Ne] 3s23p1.
+ Trong cng chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln
hn v in tch ht nhn nh hn so vi nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim.
V d:
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
Bn knh: 0,157 0,136 0,125 0,117 0,11 0,104 0,099
- Cu to tinh th:
+ Mng tinh th lc phng: Nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 74% v th tch cn li
26% l khng gian trng. V d: Be, Mg, Zn,
+ Mng tinh th lp phng tm din: Nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 74% v th
tch cn li 26% l khng gian trng. V d: Cu, Ag, Al,
+ Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi: Nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 68% v th
tch cn li 32% l khng gian trng. V d: Li, Na, K,
Kiu mng lp phng tm khi km c kht nht
3. Lin kt kim loi: L lin kt c hnh thnh do lc ht tnh in gia cc ion dng kim
loi v cc electron t do.
II. TNH CHT CA KIM LOI. DY IN HO CA KIM LOI
1. TNH CHT VT L CHUNG: iu kin thng cc kim loi trng thi rn (tr Hg)
c tnh do, dn in, dn nhit v c nh kim.
Tm li tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc e t do
trong mng tinh th kim loi .
2. TNH CHT VT L RING:
Kim loi khc nhau c khi lng ring, nhit nng chy v tnh cng khc nhau.
VD: - Kim loi c khi lng ring ln nht l: Os
- Kim loi c khi lng ring nh nht l: Li
- Kim loi c nhit nng chy cao nht l: W
- Kim loi c nhit nng chy thp nht l: Hg
- Kim loi c tnh cng ln nht l: Cr

- Kim loi c tnh cng nh nht l: Cs
3. TNH CHT HO HC: Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh.:
M Mn+ + ne
VD: 2Fe + 3Cl2 t 2FeCl3 ;
3Fe + 2O2 t Fe3O4 ;
4Al + 3O2 t 2Al2O3.
Fe + S t FeS;
Hg + S HgS ;
2Mg + O2 t 2MgO.
Kim loi l cht kh (b oxi ha).
Phi kim l cht oxi ha (b kh)
- Tc dng vi dung dch axit:
+ Vi dd HCl, H2SO4 long. Tr cc kim loi ng sau hidro trong dy in ha.
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 (l) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
+ Vi dd HNO3, H2SO4 c
VD: 3Cu + 8HNO3 long 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
Cu + 2H2SO4 c CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Axit l cht oxi ha (b kh)
* Ch : - Al, Fe, Cr, b HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui lm th ng ha.
- Kim loi c nhiu s oxi ha b dung dch HNO 3, H2SO4 c oxi ha n s oxi ha cao
nht.
- Tc dng vi nc:
Ch c cc kim loi nhm IAv IIA, tr Be,Mg) kh H 2O nhit thng, cc kim loi cn
li kh c H2O nhit cao hoc khng kh c.
VD: 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
Nc l cht oxi ha (b kh)
- Tc dng vi dung dch mui:
VD:
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Fe cht kh (b oxi ha), Cu2+ cht oxh (b kh)
4. DY IN HO KIM LOI
- Cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi
VD: Ag+ + 1e
Ag;
Cu+ + 2e
Cu;
Fe2+ + 2e
Fe
0
+ Nguyn t kim loi ng vai tr cht kh, cc ion kim loi ng vai tr cht oxi ha.
+ Dng oxi ha v dng kh ca cng mt nguyn t kim loi to nn cp oxi ha - kh ca
kim loi
VD: Ag+ /Ag , Cu2+/Cu, Fe2+/Fe, . . .
- Dy in ha ca kim loi:
Li+ K+ Ba2+ Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+Al3+ Mn2+Zn2+ Cr2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Hg2+ Ag+ Pt2+
Au3+
Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Fe2+ Hg Ag Pt Au
Tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi tng, tnh kh ca kim loi gim
- So snh tnh cht cp oxi ha kh
So snh tnh cht gia cc cp oxi ha kh: Ag+ /Ag v Cu2+/Cu, Zn2+/Zn, nhn thy:
Tnh oxh cc ion: Ag+> Cu2+> Zn2+
Tnh kh: Zn>Cu>Ag
- ngha dy in ha
Cho php d on chiu phn ng gia 2 cp oxh kh theo qui tc
Zn2+
Cu2+
Zn
Cu
Hg22+ Ag+
2+
2+
Hg
Ag
Zn + Cu Zn + Cu
Hg + 2Ag+ Hg2++ 2Ag
cht oxh mnh + cht kh mnh cht oxh yu + cht kh yu .
VD: phn ng gia 2 cp Cu2+/Cu v Fe2+/Fe l:
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
5. Hp kim:
- KHI NIM: Hp kim l vt liu gm mt kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim
khc.
VD: Thp, gang, inox, hp kim uyra, . ..
- TNH CHT: Hp kim c nhiu tnh cht ha hc tng t tnh cht ca cc n cht tham
gia to thnh hp kim, nhng tnh cht vt l v tnh cht c hc ca hp kim li khc nhiu
tnh cht cc n cht.
+ Hp kim c nhit nng chy v nhit si thp hn.
+ Hp kim cng v gin hn.
6. S N MN KIM LOI
a) S n mn kim loi
Khi nim chung: n mn kim loi l s ph hy kim loi hay hp kim do tc dng ca
cc cht trong mi trng.
Bn cht ca s n mn kim loi l s oxi ha kim loi thnh ion kim loi:
M Mn+ +ne
b) Phn loi: n mn ha hc v n mn in ha.
- n mn ha hc: n mn ha hc l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong cc electron ca kim
loi c chuyn trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng.
c im :
+ Khng pht sinh dng in.
+ Nhit cng cao th tc n mn cng nhanh.
- n mn in ha: n mn in ha l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong kim loi b n mn
do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng in.
+ C ch
* Kim loi hot ng mnh hn ng vai tr l cc m (anot). y xy ra qu trnh oxi ha
M Mn+ + ne
* Kim loi hot ng yu hn hoc phi kim ng vai tr l cc dng (catot). y xy ra
qu trnh kh:
2H+ + 2e H2 hoc O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH* Dng in chuyn di t cc m sang dng.
+ iu kin c n mn in ha:
* Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht.
* Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau.
* Cc in cc phi cng tip xc vi dd cht in li.
c) Cch chng n mn kim loi:
Nguyn tc chung: Hn ch hay trit tiu nh hng ca mi trng i vi kim loi.
Phng php:
* Phng php bo v b mt: Dng cc cht bn vi mi trng ph ln b mt kim loi
* Dng phng php in ho

Nguyn tc: Gn kim loi c tnh kh mnh vi kim loi cn c bo v (c tnh kh yu
hn).
7. iu ch kim loi:
- NGUYN TC: Kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t: Mn+ + ne M
- PHNG PHP:
+ Phng php nhit luyn: Dng cc cht kh nh CO, H2, C, NH3, Al, kh cc ion
kim loi trong oxit nhit cao.
t0
VD: Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi c hot ng trung bnh (sau Al)
+ Phng php thy luyn: Dng kim loi t do c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion kim loi
trong dung dch mui. VD: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi hot ng yu (sau H)
+ Phng php in phn:
* in phn hp cht nng chy: Dng dng in kh ion kim loi trong hp cht nng
chy (oxit, hidroxit, mui halogen)
Vd 1: 2Al2O
3
Vd 2: 4NaOH
dpnc
dpnc
4Al + 3O2
4Na + O2 + 2H2O
Phng php ny dng iu ch kim loi c hot ng mnh (t u n Al)

* in phn dung dch: Dng dng in kh ion trong dung dch mui.
dpdd
Vd1: CuCl
Cu + Cl2
2
Vd2: CuSO4 + H2O dpdd Cu + 1/2O2+ H2SO4
Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi trung bnh, yu (sau Al).
* Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc: m = A.I.t/(n.F)
m: Khi lng cht thot ra in cc (gam)
A: Khi lng mol ca cht
n: S electron trao i.
V d: Cu2+ + 2e Cu, th n = 2 v A = 64
2OH- O2 + 2H+ + 4e, th n = 4 v A = 32.
t: Thi gian in phn (giy, s)
I: Cng dng in (ampe, A)
F: S Faraday (F = 96500).
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Cu no sau y khng ng:
A. S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi thng c t (1 n 3e).
B. S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t phi kim thng c t 4 n 7.
C. Trong cng chu k, nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nh hn nguyn t phi kim.
D. Trong cng nhm, s electron ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t thng bng nhau.
Cu 2: Cho cc cu hnh electron nguyn t sau:
1) 1s22s22p63s1
2) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
3) 1s22s1
4) 1s22s22p63s23p1
Cc cu hnh ln lt l ca nhng nguyn t :
A. Ca (Z=20), Na(Z=11), Li(Z=3), Al(Z=13)
B. Na(Z=11), Ca(Z=20), Li(Z=3), Al(Z=13
C. Na(Z=11), Li(Z=3), Al(Z=13), Ca(Z=20)

D. Li(Z=3), Na(Z=11), Al(Z=13), Ca(Z=20)
Cu 3: Cho 4 cp oxi ha - kh: Fe2+/Fe; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag;Cu2+/Cu. Dy xp cc cp theo
chiu tng dn v tnh oxi ha v gim dn v tnh kh l dy cht no?
A. Fe2+/Fe; ;Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag
B. Fe3+/Fe2+; Fe2+/Fe; Ag+/Ag; Cu2+/Cu
C. Ag+/Ag; Fe3+/Fe2+; Cu2+/Cu; Fe2+/Fe
D. Cu2+/Cu; Fe2+/Fe; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag
Cu 4: C cc kim loi Cu, Ag, Fe, Al, Au. dn in ca chng gim dn theo th t:
A. Ag, Cu, Au, Al, Fe
B. Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, Au
C. Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al
D. Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au
Cu 5: Kim loi c nhng tnh cht vt l chung no sau y?
A. Tnh do, tnh dn nhit, nhit nng chy cao
B. Tnh do, tnh dn in v nhit, c nh kim
C. Tnh dn in v nhit, c khi lng ring ln, c nh kim
D. Tnh do, c nh kim, rt cng.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: T dung dch MgCl2 ta c th iu ch Mg bng cch
A. in phn dung dch MgCl2.
B. Chuyn MgCl2 thnh Mg(OH)2 ri chuyn thnh MgO ri kh MgO bng CO
C. C cn dung dch ri in phn MgCl2 nng chy.
D. Dng Na kim loi kh ion Mg2+ trong dung dch.
Cu 7: Kt lun no sau y khng ng?
A. Cc thit b my mc bng kim loi tip xc vi hi nc nhit cao c kh nng b
n mn ha hc.
B. Ni thanh Zn vi v tu thu bng thp th v tu thy s c bo v.
C. vt bng thp ngoi khng kh m th vt s b n mn in ha.
D. Mt ming v hp lm bng st ty (st trng thic) b xy xt tn bn trong,
trong khng kh m th Sn s b n mn trc.
Cu 8: Kim loi no sau y khi tc dng vi dd HCl v tc dng vi Cl 2 cho cng loi mui
clorua:
A. Fe
B. Ag
C. Cu
D. Zn
Cu 9: Trong cc trng hp sau, trng hp no kim loi b n mn in ha ?
A. Cho kim loi Zn vo dung dch HCl
B. Thp cacbon trong khng kh m
C. t dy Fe trong kh O2
D. Cho kim loi Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long
Cu 10: Tnh cht c trng ca kim loi l tnh kh v:
A. Nguyn t kim loi thng c 5,6,7 electron lp ngoi cng
B. Nguyn t kim loi c nng lng ion ha nh
C. Kim loi c xu hng nhn thm electron t n cu trc bn
D. Nguyn t kim loi c m in ln.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: tch ring tng kim loi ra khi dung dch cha ng thi mui AgNO 3 v
Pb(NO3)2, ngi ta dng ln lt cc kim loi:
A. Cu, Fe
B. Pb, Fe
C. Ag, Pb
D. Zn, Cu
Cu 12: Nhng mt l st vo dung dch CuSO 4, sau mt thi gian ly l st ra cn nng hn

so vi ban u 0,2 g, khi lng ng bm vo l st l:
A. 0,2gam
B. 1,6gam
C. 3,2gam
D. 6,4gam
Cu 13: Ho tan hon ton 2,17 gam hn hp 3 kim loi A, B, C trong dung dch HCl d thu
c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,27.
B. 5,72.
C. 6,85.
D. 6,48.
Cu 14: Cho 7,8 gam K vo 192,4 gam nc thu c m gam dd v mt lng kh thot ra.
Gi tr m l
A. 198g
B. 200,2g
C. 200g
D.
203,6g
Cu 15: Ngm mt l Zn trong dd c ha tan 4,16 gam CdSO 4. Phn ng xong khi lng l
Zn tng 2,35%. Khi lng l Zn trc phn ng l
A. 40g
B. 60g
C. 80g
D. 100g
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung
dch cha 0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim
loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,40.
B. 16,53.
C. 12,00.
D. 12,80.
Cu 17: Cho 5,6 gam Fe tan ht trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c 21,1 gam mui v V lt NO 2
(ktc). Tnh V.
A. 3,36 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 5,6 lt
D. 6,72 lt
Cu 18: Khi ho tan hon ton m gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c V lt
NO duy nht. Mt khc, ho tan hon ton m gam M trong dung dch HCl d cng thu c
V lt kh, khi lng mui Clorua thu c bng 52,48% khi lng mui Nitrat thu c
trn. Cc kh o cng iu kin, xc nh M.
A. Mn
B. Cr
C. Fe
D. Al
Cu 19: Trn 84 gam bt Fe vi 32 gam bt S ri un nng (khng c khng kh). Ho tan
cht rn A sau khi nung bng dung dch HCl d c d/dch B v kh C. t chy kh C cn V
lt oxi (ktc). Cc p/ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh V.
A. 16,8 lt
B. 39,2 lt
C. 11,2 lt
D. 33,6 lt
Cu 20: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu 2+v 1 mol
Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi.
Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A. 1,8.
B. 1,5.
C. 1,2.
D. 2,0.
C. P N
1
C
2
B
3
C
4
A
5
B
6
C
7
D
8
D
9
B
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B B B A C A A C C B C
CHNG 6: KIM LOI KIM - KIM LOI KIM TH - NHM

A. KIN THC C BN
I. KIM LOI KIM (KLK)
1. V tr trong bng tun hon, cu to nguyn t:
- Kim loi kim thuc nhm IA gm Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. ng u mi chu k (tr chu k 1).
- Cu hnh e ngoi cng tng qut: ns1 C 1e lp ngoi cng, s oxiha +1 trong hp cht.
2. Tnh cht vt l: Mu trng bc, mm, mm nht l Cs. Kiu mng tinh th lp phng
tm khi.
3. Tnh cht ha hc: Kim loi kim c kh mnh (d b oxiha) (nhng 1e).
M M++ e
- Tc dng vi phi kim: Kim loi kim kh phi kim thnh ion m
2M + Cl2 2MCl
VD: 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
c bit Na + O2 (kh) Na2O2 (natri peoxit)
- Tc dng vi axit: Vi axt HCl, H2SO4 long
2M + 2HCl 2MCl + H2
- Tc dng vi nc: (tan trong nc). 2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2
- Tc dng vi dung dch mui:VD: Na +d2 CuSO4 hin tng si bt kh v kt ta mu
xanh.
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 si bt
2NaOH + CuSO4 Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2xanh
4. ng dng ca kim loi kim
- Hp kim Na, K dng lm cht trao i nhit trong l phn ng ht nhn
- Cs dng ch to t bo quang in
- Kim loi kim ch to cht chng n cho xng.
5. iu ch kim loi kim
* Nguyn tc : Kh ion kim loi kim trong hp cht: M+ + 1e M
* Phng php : pnc mui halogenua hoc hiroxit
MCl pnc 2M + Cl2;
4MOH pnc 4M + O2 + 2H2O
Kim loi kim thu c cc m (catot); Cl2, O2 thu c cc dng (anot).
II. KIM LOI KIM TH (KLKT):
1. V tr v cu to:
- Thuc nhm IIA gm: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba.
- L nguyn t s c cu hnh e ngoi cng tng qut l ns2. Xu hng nhng 2e to ion M2+.
VD:
Mg
Mg 2+ + 2e
[Ne]3s2
[Ne]
2. Tnh cht vt l:
- tonc v tos tng i thp
- Kim loi thuc nhm IIA c cng cao hn KLK nhng mm hn nhm v nhng kim
loi nh.
- Kiu mng tinh th: khng ging nhau.
3. Tnh cht ho hc: KLKT c tnh kh mnh, nhng yu hn KLK. Tnh kh tng dn t
Be Ba.
VD: 2Mg + O2 2MgO.
TQ: 2M + O2 2MO
VD: Ca + Cl2 CaCl2.
TQ: M + Cl2 MCl2
- Tc dng vi axit:
VD: Ca + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2
TQ: M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2
p dng:
1) Ha tan hon ton 6gam Ca trong bnh ng dung dch HCl c d thu c V lt kh hiro
( ktc). Vc gi tr?
2) Ha tan hon ton 1,2 gam mt kim loi kim th A trong bnh ng dung dch HCl c d
thu c 1,12 lt kh hiro( ktc). A l?
- Tc dng vi nc:
+ Be khng phn ng (Be khng tan trong nc)
+ Mg: phn ng chm nhit thng. Mg + H 2O MgO + H2(Mg khng tan
trong nc)
+ Ca, Sr, Ba phn ng nhit thng. (Ca, Sr, Ba tan trong nc)
VD: Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
4. ng dng v iu ch:
- Kim loi Be to ra nhng hp kim bn, c tnh n hi cao. Mg to ra hp kim nh ,bn.
- pnc mui halogenua.
Vd: MgCl2 pnc
Mg + Cl2
TQ: MX2 pnc M + X2
Kim loi kim th thu c cc m (catot); halogen thu c cc dng (anot).
III. HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM TH:
1.Canxi oxit: CaO (cn gi l vi sng)
- L cht rn mu trng, tan trong nc.
- L oxit baz: H2O + CaO Ca(OH)2
CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O
CO2 + CaO CaCO3
- iu ch t vi (CaCO3).
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
2.Canxi hidroxit: (cn gi l vi ti):
- L cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc
- Dung dch Ca(OH)2 (nc vi trong) l mt baz mnh.
Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH- Dung dch Ca(OH)2 c nhng tnh cht ca mt dung dch kim.
VD: Ca(OH)2 + 2 HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + 2 H2O
Ca(OH)2 + CuSO4 CaSO4 + Cu(OH)2
3. Canxicacbonat: (cn gi l vi):
- L cht rn mu trng khng tan trong nc.
- L mui ca axit yu nn phn ng vi nhng axit mnh hn.
VD: CaCO3 + HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2
(1)
- Phn ng vi CO2 v H2O: CaCO3 +CO2 +H2O
Ca(HCO3)2
(2)
Phn ng (1) gii thch s xm thc vi v to thch nh trong cc hang ng.
Phn ng (2) gii thch s to cn trong m un nc.
4. Canxi sunfat: CaSO4
- L cht rn, mu trng , t tan trong nc.
- Tu theo lng nc kt tinh m ta c 3 loi:
- CaSO4.2H2O: thch cao sng
- CaSO4. H2O (hoc CaSO4.0,5H2O): thch cao nung
- CaSO4 : thch cao khan.
5. Nc cng:
- Khi nim: + Nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+ gi l nc cng.
VD: Nc sng, sui, ao, h, ging,
+ Nc c cha t hoc khng cha cc ion trn gi l nc mm.
VD; Nc ma, nc ct.
- Phn loi nc cng:

+ Nc cng tm thi: l nc cng c cha anion HCO3-.
V d: Nc c cha mui Ca(HCO3)2 , Mg(HCO3)2 .
+ Nc cng vnh cu: l nc cng c cha cc ion Cl-, SO42- hoc c 2.
V d: Nc c cha mui CaCl2, CaSO4,...
+ Nc cng ton phn: L nc cng cha c tnh cng tm thi v vnh cu.
- Cch lm mm nc cng:
* Nguyn tc: lm gim nng ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong nc cng bng cch chuyn 2 ion t
do ny vo hp cht khng tan hoc thay th chng bng nhng cation khc.
c 2 phng php:
+ Phng php kt ta:
a) i vi nc cng tm thi:
- un si trc khi dng: M(HCO3)2 t MCO3 + CO2 + H2O
0
lc b kt ta c nc mm.
- Dng nc vi trong va :
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + 2H2O
Mg(HCO3)2 +2Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2 + 2H2O
Hay Mg2+ +Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2 + 2Na+
b) i vi nc cng vnh cu v ton phn: dng cc dung dch Na 2CO3, Na3PO4 lm
mm M2+ + CO32- MCO3 .
3M2+ + 2PO43- M3(PO4)2
+ Phng php trao i ion: cho nc cng i qua cht trao i ion (ionit), cht ny hp th
Ca2+, Mg2+, gii phng Na+, H+ nc mm.
IV. NHM
1. V tr v cu to: Nhm th 13, chu k 3, nhm IIIA
Cu hnh electron. 13 Al : 1s22s22p63s23p1
-
L nguyn t p, c 3e ho tr. Xu hng nhng 3e to ion Al3+

Al
Al3+ + 3e
[Ne]3s23p1
[Ne]
Trong hp cht nhm c s oxi ho +3. (v d: Al2O3, AlCl3... )
1. Tnh cht vt l ca nhm: Mu trng bc, mm, nh
2. Tnh cht ho hc: Al l kim loi c tnh kh mnh. (yu hn KLK, KLK th)
a) Tc dng vi phi kim: tc dng trc tip v mnh lit vi nhiu phi kim.
V d: 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3;
2 Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3
b) Tc dng vi axit:
- Vi cc dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long:
V d: 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2;
2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Pt ion: 2Al + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2
- Vi dung dch HNO3, H2SO4 c:
+ Al khng phn ng vi HNO3 c ngui, H2SO4 c ngui.
5
+ Vi cc axit HNO3 c nng, HNO3 long, H2SO4 c nng: Al kh c N v S xung

nhng mc oxi ho thp hn.
Al + 6HNO3 t Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O

c) Tc dng vi H2O: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2
(Do to Al(OH)3 khng tan nn coi nh Nhm khng tan trong nc)
phn ng dng li nhanh do c lp Al(OH) 3 khng tan trong H2O bo v lp nhm bn
trong.
d) Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: (phn ng nhit nhm)
nhit cao, Al kh c nhiu ion kim loi km hot dng hn trong oxit (FeO, CuO, ...)
thnh kim loi t do.
V d: Fe2O3 + 2Al t Al2O3 + 2Fe
e) Tc dng vi baz: nhm tc dng vi dung dch baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2....
VD: 2Al +2NaOH +6H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] +3H2 (Nhm tan trong dung dch kim)
natri aluminat
0
Ch : Al + HCl hoc H2SO4 long hoc ddNaOH.
Al
3
H2.
2
V d 1: Ha tan 5,4gam Al trong dd HCl d thu c V( lit) Hiro ktc. V c gi tr?

V d 2: Ha tan m(gam) Al trong dd HCl d thu c 3,36 (lit) Hiro ktc. m c gi tr?
3. Sn xut : ptp: Al2O3 pnc 2Al + 3/2 O2.
V. HP CHT CA NHM:
1. Nhm oxit: Al2O3
- L cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong nc.
- Trong v qu t, Al2O3 tn ti cc dng sau:
+ Tinh th Al2O3 khan l qu rt cng: corindon trong sut, khng mu.
+ Rubi (hng ngc): mu
+ Saphia: mu xanh. (C ln TiO2 v Fe3O4)
+ Emeri (dng khan) cng cao lm mi
* Tnh cht ho hc:
- Al2O3 l hp cht rt bn: Al2O3 l hp cht ion, dng tinh th n rt bn v mt ho hc.
- Al2O3 l cht lng tnh:
+ Tc dng vi axit mnh: HCl, HNO3,
V d: Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
+ Tc dng vi cc dung dch baz mnh: NaOH, KOH....
VD: Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
2. Nhm hidroxit: Al(OH)3.
a) Km bnto vi nhit: 2Al(OH)3 t Al2O3 + 3 H2O
b) L hp cht lng tnh
- Tc dng vi axit mnh: HCl, HNO3,
VD: 3HCl + Al(OH)3 AlCl3 + 3H2O
- Tc dng vi cc dung dch baz mnh :
VD: Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
3. Nhm sunfat: Al2(SO4)3.
- Quan trng l phn chua:
Cng thc ho hc: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
- Phn chua c dng trong cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu, lm
trong nc ...
- dd Al2(SO4)3 c pH< 7, mi trng axit.
0
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
Cu 1: Kim loi kim c nhit nng chy thp v mm l do yu t no sau y?
A. Khi lng ring nh
B. Th tch nguyn t ln v khi lng nguyn t nh
C. in tch ca ion nh (+1), mt electron thp, lin kt kim loi km bn
D. Tnh kh mnh hn cc kim loi khc
Cu 2: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl, cc m xy ra qu trnh g?
A. S kh ion Na+
B. S oxi ho ion Na+
C. S kh phn t nc
D. S oxi ho phn t nc
Cu 3: Trong nhm kim loi kim th:
A. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng khi bn knh nguyn t tng
B. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng khi bn knh nguyn t gim
C. Tnh kh ca kim loi gim khi bn knh nguyn t tng
D. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng khi bn knh nguyn t gim
Cu 4: M t no di y khng ph hp vi nhm?
A. th 12, chu k 2, nhm IIIA
B. Cu hnh electron [Ne] 3s23p1
C. Tinh th cu to lp phng tm din
D. Mc oxi ho c trng l +3
Cu 5: M t ng dng no ca nhm di y l cha chnh xc?
A. Lm vt liu ch to t, my bay, tn la, tu v tr.
B. Lm khung ca, trang tr ni tht v m trang sc.
C. Lm dy dn in, thit b trao i nhit, cng c un nu trong gia nh.
D. Ch to hn hp tecmit, c dng hn gn ng ray.
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: C cc cht sau: NaCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, HCl. Cht c th lm mm nc cng tm
thi l;
A. NaCl
B. NaOH
C. Na2CO3
D. HCl
+
2+
2+
2+
+
Cu 7: Mt dung dch cha cc ion Na , Ca , Mg , Ba , H , Cl . Phi dng dung dch cht
no sau y loi b ht cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, H+ ra khi dung dch ban u ?
A. K2CO3
B. NaOH
C. Na2SO4
D. AgNO3
Cu 8: Trng hp no di y to ra kt ta sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ?
A. Thm d NaOH vo dd AlCl3
B. Thm d AlCl3 vo dd NaOH
C. Thm d HCl vo dd NaAlO2
D. Thm d CO2 vo dd NaOH
Cu 9: Nhng mt thanh nhm kim loi vo dung dch cha 0,03mol CuSO 4. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, ly thanh Al ra khi dung dch. Nhn xt sau th nghim khng ng l: (Cho
Al=27; Cu=54)
A. Thanh Al c mu
B. Khi lng thanh Al tng 1,38gam
C. Dung dch thu c khng mu.
D. Khi lng dung dch tng 1,38gam
Cu 10: Nhn xt no di y ng?
A. Nhm kim loi khng tc dng vi nc do th kh ca nhm ln hn th kh ca
nc.
B. Trong phn ng ca nhm vi dung dch NaOH th NaOH ng vai tr cht oxi ho.
C. Cc vt dng bng nhm khng b oxi ho tip v khng tan trong nc do c bo v
bi lp mng Al2O3.
D. Do c tnh kh mnh nn nhm phn ng vi cc axit HCl, HNO 3, H2SO4 trong mi iu

kin.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: Ho tan 4,6 gam Na kim loi vo nc c d thu c V lt kh ( ktc ) . Gi tr V
l
A. 2,24 lit.
B. 1,12 lit.
C. 4,48 lit.
D. 22,4 lit.
Cu 12: Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thot ra 5,6 kh (ktc).
Kim loi kim th l :
A. Ba
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Sr
Cu 13: Ho tan m gam Nhm kim loi vo dung dch HCl c d thu c 3,36 lt kh (
ktc). Gi tr m l:
A. 7,2gam
B. 2,7gam
C. 4,05 gam
D. 3,6gam
Cu 14: Cho 6,08 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra
8,30gam hn hp mui clorua. S gam hiroxit trong hn hp ln lt l bao nhiu?
A. 2,4gam v 3,68gam.
B. 1,6gam v 4,48gam.
C. 3,2gam v 2,88gam.
D. 0,8gam v 5,28 gam.
Cu 15: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol Mg v 0,2 mol Al tc dng vi dung dch CuCl 2 d ri ly
cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c. S mol kh NO2 thot ra
l
A. 0,8 mol.
B. 0,3 mol.
C. 0,6 mol.
D. 0,2 mol.
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 16: Dng m gam Al kh ht 1,6 gam Fe2O3 (phn ng nhit nhm). Sn phm sau
phn ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH to 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Tnh m.
A. 0,540gam.
B. 0,810gam.
C. 1,080 gam.
D. 1,755 gam.
Cu 17: Ho tan hon ton 8,2 gam hn hp Na2O, Al2O3 vo nc thu c dung dch A ch
cha mt cht tan duy nht. Tnh th tch CO2 (ktc) cn phn ng ht vi dung dch A.
A. 1,12 lt
B. 2,24 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 3,36 lt
Cu 18: Ha tan mt mu hp kim Ba-Na (t l 1:1) vo nc c dd X v 6,72 lt kh
(ktc). Trung ha 1/10 dd X th th tch HCl 0.1M cn dng l
A. 0,6 lit.
B. 0,3 lit.
C. 0,06lit.
D. 0,8lit.
Cu 19: Cho 3,87gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al vo 250ml dung dch X gm HCl 1M v
H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung dch B v 4,368 lt H 2(ktc). Phn trm khi lng Mg v Al
trong X tng ng l
A. 37,21% Mg v 62,79% Al.
B. 62,79% Mg v 37,21% Al.
C. 45,24% Mg v 54,76% Al.
D. 54,76% Mg v 45,24% Al.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm Mg v MgO c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 3,136 lt kh (ktc); c cn dung dch v lm kh th thu
c 14,25g cht rn khan A. Cho phn 2 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c 0,448
lt kh Y (ktc), c cn dung dch v lm kh th thu c 23 gam cht rn khan B.
a) Phn trm khi lng ca Mg trong hn hp X l
A. 10,64%.
B. 89,36%.
C. 44,68%.
D. 55,32%.
b) Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. NO2.
B. NO.
C. N2O.
D. N2.
C. P N
1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20a 20b
CHNG 7: ST V MT S KIM LOI KHC

A. KIN THC C BN
I. St (Fe):
1. V tr v cu to Fe.
- Fe c s hiu nguyn t 26, Chu k 4, Nhm VIIIB.
- Cu hnh e: [Ar] 3d64s2 hay 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 Fe l nguyn t d, c th nhng 2 e hoc
3 e phn lp 4s v phn lp 3d to ra ion Fe2+, Fe3+.
- Trong hp cht, st c s oxi ho l +2, +3. Vd: FeO, Fe2O3
2. Tnh cht vt l.
L kim loi mu trng hi xm, d rn. St c tnh nhim t nn c dng lm li ca ng
c in.
3. Tnh cht ho hc.
- St l mt kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh. Fe c th b oxi ho thnh Fe +2 hoc Fe+3 tu
thuc vo cht oxi ho tc dng vi Fe.
A. Tc dng vi phi kim.
- Tc dng vi O2 : St chy sng trong khng kh:
3Fe + 2O2 = Fe3O4
- Fe tc dng vi phi kim khc
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
Fe + S FeS
b.Tc dng vi axit.
* Vi axit HCl, H2SO4 long: Fe0 b oxi ha ln Fe+2
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
* Vi HNO3,H2SO4 c:
- HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui lm cho Fe b th ng (khng tan).
- HNO3 long oxi ho Fe0 ln Fe+3.
- HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng u oxi ho Fe0 ln Fe+3.
V d: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO+ 2H2O
2Fe + 6H2SO4 , nng Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
c. Tc dng vi mui:
V d: Fe + CuCl2 FeCl2 + Cu
4. Trng thi t nhin phng php iu ch v ng dng.
a.Trng thi t nhin.
- L kim loi ph bin nht sau Al. Tn ti ch yu dng hp cht.
- Nhng thin thch t khong khng gian ca v tr ri v qu t ch yu l Fe dng t
do.
- Nhng qung quan trng nht ca Fe l:
+ Manhetit. Fe3O4 (Oxit st t)
+ Hematit Fe2O3
+ Hematit nu Fe2O3.nH2O.
+ Xierit FeCO3.
+ Khong vt pirit FeS2 .
b.iu ch.
iu ch Fe tinh khit:
3H2 + Fe2O3 t 2Fe + 3H2O
2Al + Fe2O3 t Al2O3 + 3Fe
St k thut c iu ch bng cch kh st oxit nhit cao.
II. Hp cht st (II): gm mui, hiroxit, oxit ca Fe2+ .
Vd: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeCl2
1. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st (II):
- Hp cht st (II) tc dng vi cht oxi ho s b oxi ho thnh hp cht st (III). Trong
phn ng ho hc ion Fe2+ c kh nng cho 1 electron: Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e
Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh.
V d 1: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 Fe (OH)3
kh
oxh
V d 2: 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3
Oxit v hidroxit st(II) c tnh baz:
V d 1: Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl FeCl2 + 2H2O
V d 2: FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O
2. iu ch mt s hp cht st (II):
+ Fe(OH)2 : Dng phn ng trao i ion gia dd mui st (II) vi dung dch baz.
V d:
FeCl2 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
Fe2+ + 2 OH- Fe(OH)2
+ FeO :
*Phn hu Fe(OH)2 nhit cao trong mi trng khng c khng kh .
Fe(OH)2 FeO + H2O
*Hoc kh oxit st nhit cao.
0
Fe2O3 + CO t
2 FeO + CO2
+ Mui st (II): Cho Fe hoc FeO, Fe(OH)2 tc dng vi cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long.
III. Hp cht st (III):
1. Tnh cht ho hc ca hp cht st (III): Hp cht st (III) c tnh oxi ho: khi tc dng
vi cht kh, hp cht st (III) b kh thnh hp cht st (II) hoc kim loi st t do.
Trong p ho hc : Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
Fe3+ + 3e Fe
tnh cht chung ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho.
V d 1: Nung hn hp gm Al v Fe2O3 nhit cao:
Fe2O3 + 2Al t Al2O3 +2 Fe
Oxi ha
kh
V d 2: Ngm mt inh st sch trong dung dch mui st (III) clorua.
2 FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2
V d 3: cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3.
Cu + 2FeCl3 CuCl2 + 2FeCl2
2. iu ch mt s hp cht st (III):
a. Fe(OH)3: Cht rn, mu nu .
- iu ch: phn ng trao i ion gia dung dch mui st (III) vi dung dch kim.
V d :Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3
Pt ion: Fe3+ + 3 OH- Fe(OH)3
0
b. St (III) oxit: Fe2O3. Phn hu Fe(OH)3 nhit cao.

2 Fe(OH)3 t Fe2O3 + 3H2O.
c. Mui st (III): iu ch bng phn ng gia Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3 vi dung dch axit.
V d: Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O.
Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O.
IV. GANG:
1. Khi nim: Gang l hp kim ca st cacbon v mt s nguyn t khc, trong hm
lng cacbon bin ng trong gii hn 2% 5%
2. Phn loi: C 2 loi gang: gang trng v gang xm.
Gang trng cha t C hn ch yu dng xementit, cng, gin, c dng luyn thp.
Gang xm cha C dng than ch, t cng v t gin hn, c dng c cc vt dng
3. Sn xut gang:
- Nguyn liu luyn gang l qung st, than cc v cht chy CaCO3
- Nguyn tc luyn gang l dng cht kh CO kh cc oxit st thnh st
- Cc phn ng kh st xy ra trong qu trnh luyn qung thnh gang (trong l cao):
+ Giai on to cht kh
+ Giai on kh oxit Fe thnh Fe
+ Giai on to x
V. THP:
1. Khi nim: Thp l hp kim ca st vi cacbon v mt lng rt t nguyn t Si, Mn . . .
Hm lng cacbon trong thp chim 0,01 2%.
2. Phn loi: C 2 loi thp: da trn hm lng ca cc nguyn t c trong tng loi thp
- Thp thng hay thp cacbon cha t cacbon, silic, mangan v rt t S,P.
- Thp c bit l thp c cha thm cc nguyn t khc nh Si, Mn, Ni, W, Vd
3. Sn xut thp:
- Nguyn tc sn xut thp l loi bt tp cht c trong gang
- Nguyn liu sn xut thp l:
*Gang trng hoc gang xm, st thp ph liu.
*Cht chy l CaO
*Cht oxiho l oxi nguyn cht hoc khng kh giu oxi.
*Nhin liu l du mazt, kh t hoc dng nng lng in.
- Cc phng php:
+ Phng php l thi oxi (PP Bet-x-me), thi gian luyn thp ngn, ch yu dng
luyn thp thng.
+ Phng php Mac-tanh (l bng): thng dng luyn thp c cht lng cao.
+ Phng php l in: dng luyn thp c bit, thnh phn c nhng kim loi
kh chy nh W
VI. Crom v hp cht ca crom
1. Crom:
a. V tr ca crm trong BTH: Crm l kim loi chuyn tip, v tr: STT: 24, Chu k: 4,
Nhm: VIB
b. Cu to ca crm: 24 Cr 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
-Trong hp cht, crm c s oxi ho bin i t +1 n +6. S oxi ho ph bin l +2,+3,+6.
(crm c e ho tr nm phn lp 3d v 4s).
c. Tnh cht vt l:
0
- Crm c mu trng bc, rt cng ( cng thua kim cng)

- Kh nng chy, l kimloi nng, d = 7,2 g/cm3.
d, Tnh cht ho hc:
* Tc dng vi phi kim:
4Cr + 3 O2 2 Cr2O3
2Cr + 3Cl2 2 CrCl3
nhit thng trong khng kh, kim loi crm to ra mng mng crm (III) oxit c cu
to mn, bn vng bo v. nhit cao kh c nhiu phi kim.
*Tc dng vi nc: khng tc dng vi nc do c mng oxit bo v.
*Tc dng vi axit:
Vi dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long nng, mng axit b ph hu Cr kh c H+ trong
dung dch axit.Vd: Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2
Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2
Cr + 2H+ Cr2+ + H2
Ch : Crm th ng trong axit H2SO4 v HNO3 c ,ngui.
VII. HP CHT CA CROM
1. Mt s hp cht ca crm (II)
a. Crm (II) oxit: CrO (mu en). CrO l oxit baz, c tnh kh mnh, tan trong axit.
Vd: CrO + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2O.
(1)
4CrO + O2 2Cr2O3
(2)
b. Crm (II) hidroxit: Cr(OH)2 l cht rn mu vng.
- iu ch: CrCl2 +2NaOH Cr(OH)2 + 2NaCl
- Cr(OH)2 l baz, c tnh kh:
Vd:
Cr(OH)2 + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2O.
4Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Cr(OH)3
c. Mui crm (II): c tnh kh mnh
2CrCl2 + Cl2 2CrCl2
2. Mt s hp cht ca crm (III)
a. Crm (III) oxit: Cr2O3 ( mu lc thm). Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh, tan trong axit v kim
c.
Vd: Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2O.
(1)
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaCrO2+ H2O.(2)
Phn ng (1), (2) chng minh Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh.
b. Crm (III) hidroxit: Cr(OH)3 l cht rn mu lc xm.
- iu ch: CrCl3 +3NaOH Cr(OH)3 + 3NaCl
- Cr(OH)3 l hidroxit lng tnh:
Vd:
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2+ 2H2O. (1)
Natri crmit
Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl
CrCl3 + 3H2O. (2)
Phn ng (1), (2) chng minh Cr(OH)3 l oxit lng tnh.
c. Mui crm (III): va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho.
- Trong mi trng axit Cr+3 c tnh oxi ha
2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+
- Trong mi trng kim Cr+3 c tnh kh: khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh Cr +3 b oxi ha
thnh CrO422Cr3+ + 3Br2 + 16 OH- 2CrO42- + 6Br- + 8H2O
2CrO2- + 3Br2 + 8 OH- 2CrO42- + 6Br- + 4H2O
Mui quan trng l phn crom-kali: KCr(SO4)2.12H2O c mu xanh tm, dng trong thuc da,
cht cm mu trong nhm vi.
3. Hp cht Crm (VI):
a. Crm (VI) oxit: CrO3
- L cht rn mu thm.
- CrO3 l cht oxi ho rt mnh. mt s hp cht v c v hu c bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
VD:
2CrO3 + 2 NH3
t0
Cr2O3 +N2+3 H2O
- CrO3 l mt oxit axit, tc dng vi H2O to ra hn hp 2 axit.

CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 : axit crmic
2 CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 : axit icrmic
2 axit trn ch tn ti trong dung dch, nu tch ra khi dung dch chng b phn hu to thnh CrO3
b. Mui cromat v icromat:
- L nhng hp cht bn
- Mui cromat: Na2CrO4,...l nhng hp cht c mu vng ca ion CrO42-.
- Mui icromat: K2Cr2O7... l mui c mu da cam ca ion Cr2O72-.
- Gia ion CrO42- v ion Cr2O72- c s chuyn ho ln nhau theo cn bng.
Cr2O72- + H2O 2 CrO42- + 2H+
(da
cam)
(vng)
Cr2O72- + 2OH- 2 CrO42- + H2O
(da
cam)
(vng)
2 CrO42- + 2 H+ Cr2O72- + H2O
(vng)
(da cam)
* Tnh cht ca mui cromat v icromat l tnh oxi ho mnh. c bit trong MT axit.
Vd: K2Cr2O7 + 3SO2 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + 6KI + 7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + 4K2SO4 + 3I2 + 7H2O
VIII. NG V HP CHT CA NG
1. NG
I. V tr v cu to:
a. Cu to nguyn t
Kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm IB, Chu k 4, S hiu NT l 29, K hiu Cu
64
29
Cu .
Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1. hoc: Ar 3d104s1.

Trong cc hp cht ng c soh ph bin l: +1; +2.
Cu hnh e ca: Ion Cu+: Ar 3d10 Ion Cu2+: Ar 3d9
b. Cu to ca n cht:
- ng c BKNT nh hn kim loi nhm IA
- Ion ng c in tch ln hn kim loi nhm IA
- Kim loi ng c cu to kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din l tinh th c chc
lin kt trong n cht ng bn vng hn.
c. Mt s tnh cht khc ca ng:

- BKNT: 0,128 (nm).
- BK cc ion Cu2+: 0,076(nm); Cu+: 0,095 (nm)
- m in: 1,9
- Nng ln ion ha I1, I2: 744; 1956 (KJ/mol)
- Th in cc chun: E0Cu2+/Cu: +0,34(V).
* Tnh cht vt l:
L kim loi mu , do, d ko si v trng mng.
Dn in v nhit rt cao (ch km hn bc). D = 8,98g/cm3; t0nc = 10830C
* Ha tnh: Cu l KL km hot ng; c tnh kh yu.
+ P vi phi kim:
- Khi t nng 2Cu + O2 2CuO (ng II oxit)
- Cu td Vi Cl2, Br2, S nhit thng hoc un nng.
PT: Cu + Cl2 CuCl2 (ng clorua)
Cu + S CuS (ng sunfua).
+ Tc dng vi axit:
- Vi HCl, H2SO4(l):
Khng phn ng nhng nu c mt O2 ca khng kh th Cu b oh Cu2+ (H 7.11)
PT:
2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O.
2Cu + 2H2SO4 (l) + O2 2CuSO4 + 2H2O

- Vi HNO3, H2SO4 c nng:
0
+5
+2
3Cu +8H NO3 (l) 3Cu (NO 3 ) 2 +2 N O+4H 2O

0
+5
Cu +4H NO3 ()
0
+2
t0
+4
Cu (NO3 )2 +2 NO 2 +2H 2 O
+6
Cu +2H 2 SO 4 ()
t0
+2
+4
Cu (SO3 ) 2 +2 S O 2 +4H 2 O
+ Tc dng vi dung dch mui:

- ng kh c ion ca nhng kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha trong dd mui
KL t do
- VD : Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag
2. Mt s hp cht ca ng:
a. ng (II) Oxit: CuO l cht rn, mu en
2
t0
*Tnh oxi ha: TD: Cu O CO Cu CO2
t0
Cu O 2 N H 3 3 Cu N 2 3H 2O
*Tnh oxit baz : CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O

b. ng (II) hiroxit: Cu(OH)2 Cht rn, mu xanh
*Tnh baz: - Phn ng vi axit Mui + H2O
TD: Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O
- Phn ng to phc : Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
*Cu(OH)2 d b nhit phn: Cu(OH)2 t CuO + H2O
c. Mui ng(II) : CuS04 (khan) mu trng, cht rn. CuSO4 hp th nc to thnh
CuSO4.5H2O mu xanh dng CuSO4 khan dng pht hin du vt ca nc trong cc
cht lng.
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT
0
Cu 1: Bit cu hnh e ca Fe: 1s22 s22p63s23p63d64s2. Xc nh v tr ca Fe trong bng tun

hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
A. S th t 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
B. S th t 25, chu k 3, nhm IIB
C. S th t 26, chu k 4, nhm IIA
D. S th t 20, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA
Cu 2: Trong cc cu sau y, cu no khng ng?
A. Crom l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st
B. Crom l kim loi nn ch to c oxit baz
C. Crom c nhng tnh cht ha hc ging nhm
D. Crom c nhng hp cht ging hp cht ca S
Cu 3: Cht no dng pht hin vt nc trong du ha, benzen
A. NaOH khan
B. CuSO4 khan
C. CuSO4.5H2O
D. C A v B
Cu 4: Ion OH c th phn ng vi ion no sau y:
A. H+, NH4+, HCO3B. Cu2+, Mg2+, Al3+
C. Fe3+,HSO4-, Zn2+
D. C A, B, C u ng
Cu 5: Pht biu no di y cho bit bn cht ca qu trnh luyn thp?
A. Oxi ha cc nguyn t trong gang thnh oxit, loi oxit di dng kh hoc x.
B. in phn dd mui st (III)
C. Kh hp cht ca kim lai thnh kim loi t do.
D. Kh qung st thnh st t do
B2. CP HIU
Cu 6: Phn ng gia cp cht no di y khng th s dng iu ch cc mui Fe(II)?
A. FeO + HCl
B. Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 long
C. FeCO3 + HNO3 long
D. Fe + Fe(NO3)3
Cu 7: Nhn xt v tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht Fe(III) no di y l ng?
A. Hp cht Fe2O3 c tnh axit, ch c oxi ha
B. Hp cht Fe(OH)3 c tnh baz, ch c tnh kh
C. Hp cht FeCl3 c tnh trung tnh, va oxi ha va kh
D. Hp cht Fe2(SO4)3 c tnh axit, ch c oxi ha
Cu 8: Ha tan ht cng mt Fe trong dung dch H2SO4 long (1) v H2SO4 c nng (2) th
th tch kh sinh ra trong cng iu kin l:
A. (1) bng (2)
B. (1) gp i (2)
C. (2) gp ri (1)
D. (2) gp ba (1)
Cu 9: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO4 . Quan st thy hin tng g?
A. Thanh Fe c mu trng v dung dch nht dn mu xanh.
B. Thanh Fe c mu v dung dch nht dn mu xanh
C. Thanh Fe c trng xm v dung dch nht dn mu xanh.
D. Thanh Fe c mu v dung dch c dn mu xanh
Cu 10: Cho st phn ng vi dung dch HNO 3 c, nng thu c mt cht kh mu nu .
Cht kh l:
A. NO2.
B. N2O.
C. NH3.
D. N2.
B3. CP VN DNG THP
Cu 11: Cho phn ng: NaCrO2+ Br2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaBr + H2O. H s cn bng
ca NaCrO2 l
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
2+
Cu 12 : Cho a mol Mg v b mol Zn vo dung dch cha c mol Cu v d mol Ag+. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch cha 2 ion kim loi. iu kin v b (so vi a,c,d)
c kt qu ny l:
A. b > c - a + d/2
B. b < c - a +d/2
C. b > c - a
D. b < a - d/2
Cu 13 : Cho vo ng nghim vi tinh th K 2Cr2O7 , sau thm tip khong 3 ml nc v
lc u c dung dch Y. Thm tip vi git KOH vo Y , c dung dch Z. Mu sc ca
d/dch Y, Z ln lt l :
A. mu da cam, mu vng chanh
B. mu vng chanh, mu da cam
C. mu nu , mu vng chanh
D. mu vng chanh ,mu nu
Cu 14 : Cho cc kim loi Cu , Fe, Ag ln lt vo cc dung dch ring bit sau: HCl, CuSO 4,
FeCl2 ,FeCl3. S cp cht c phn ng vi nhau l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
B4. CP VN DNG CAO
Cu 15 : Cho mt t bt Fe vo d/dch AgNO3 d , kt thc phn ng c dung dch c cha
cht tan
A. Fe(NO3)2
B. Fe(NO3)3
C. Fe(NO3)3 , AgNO3
D. AgNO3 , Fe(NO3)3 , Fe(NO3)2
Cu 16 : Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh c hn hp A .A ha tan va ht trong dd
HNO3 c 0,5 mol cht tan, thot ra kh NO duy nht .S mol kh NO thot ra :
A. 0,01
B. 0,02
C. 0,03
D. 0,04
Cu 17 : Cho 50 g hn hp gm Fe 3O4, Cu , Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl d ,sau phn
ng c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc) v cn li 18 g cht rn khng tan. % Fe3O4 trong hn hp ban u
l :
A. 46,4
B. 59,2
C. 52,9
D. 25,92
Cu 18 : Cho 2,32 g Fe3O4 tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 1 M c dung dch A. Th
tch dung dch KMnO4 0,5 M tc dng va vi A ( c H2SO4 long d lm mi trng ) l:
A. 44 ml
B. 40 ml
C. 88 ml
D. 20 ml
Cu 19 : 8,64 g hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 chia lm 2 phn bng nhau :
- phn 1 : cho tc dng vi dd CuSO4 d c 4,4 g cht rn B .
- phn 2 : cho vo dd HNO3 long , sau phn ng c dd C , 0,448 lt NO duy nht (ktc).
Lm bay hi t t dd C thu c 24,24 g mt mui st ngm nc. cng thc ca mui ngm
nc:
A. Fe(NO3)3. 2H2O
B. Fe(NO3)3. 5H2O
C. Fe(NO3)3. 6H2O
D. Fe(NO3)3. 9H2O
Cu 20 : Ha tan hon ton 2,4g hn hp X gm FeS 2 , FeS, S (s mol FeS = s mol S) vo
dung dch H2SO4 c nng d. Th tch kh SO2 thot ra ktc l :
A. 2,464 lt
B. 0,896 lt
C. 3,36 lt
D. 4,48 lt
C. P N
1
A
2
B
3
B
4
D
5
A
6
C
7
C
8
C
9
B
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A B A A D C B A A D C
CHNG 8 : PHN BIT MT S CHT V C

A. KIN THC C BN
I. PHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH
Nguyn tc: Ngi ta thm vo dung dch mt thuc th to vi ion mt sn phm c

trng nh: mt cht kt ta, mt hp cht c mu hoc mt cht kh kh tan si bt, bay khi
dung dch.
NHN BIT ION DNG (CATION)
CATION Thuc th
t chy hp
Na+
cht trn ngn
K+
la v sc
Dung
dch
+
kim (OH )
NH 4
2+
Ba
dd
long
H2SO4
Hin tng
Ngn la mu vng ti
Gii thch
Ngn la mu tm hng
C kh mi khai thot ra
lm xanh qu tm
To kt ta trng khng
tan trong thuc th d.
NH +4 + OH- NH3
Ba2+ + SO42-
+ H2O.
BaSO4
Al3+ + 3 OH- Al(OH)3

3+
Al
Cr3+
Fe3+
Fe2+
Cu2+
trng
Dung
dch to kt ta sau kt Al(OH)3+ OH- [Al(OH)4]- trong sut
kim (OH )
tan trong kim d
Cr3+ + 3 OH- Cr(OH)3 xanh
Cr(OH)3 + OH- [Cr(OH)4]- xanh
dung
dch to kt ta mu nu
kim (OH )
SCNMu mu
to kt ta mu nu
Fe3+ + SCN- Fe(SCN)3
dung
dch to kt ta trng xanh, Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 trng
kim(OH-)
kt ta chuyn sang 4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 4Fe(OH)3
mu nu khi tip xc
nu
vi khng kh
dd NH3
xanh, tan trong dd

Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
NH3 d
NHN BIT ION M (ANION)
ANION Thuc th
NO3-
Cu, H2SO4
loang
2-
SO4
Cl-
CO32-
Hin tng
Gii Thch
to dd mu xanh, c kh 3Cu + 8H++2NO3- 3Cu2++ 2NO+
khng mu (NO) d ha 4H2O
nu trong khng kh
2NO + O2 2NO2 mu nu
dd BaCl2 trong to kt ta trng khng
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
mi trng axit tan trong axit
trng
long d
dd AgCl trong to kt ta trng khng
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl trng
mi
trng tan trong axit
HNO3 long d
Dung dch axit to ra kh lm c nc CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O
v nc vi vi trong
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 trng +
trong
H2O.
OH -
Qu tm
Ha xanh
NHN BIT MT S CHT KH

Nguyn tc : Ngi ta c th da vo tnh cht vt l hoc tnh cht ha hc c trng ca n
Thuc
th
CO2
dung
(khng dch
mu,
Ba(OH)2,
khng Ca(OH)2
mi)
d
SO2
dd brom;
(khng iot
mu,
hoc
mi
cnh hoa
hc,
hng
c)
Kh
H2S
(mi
trng
thi)
Giy lc
tm dd
mui ch
axetat
NH3
Giy qu
(khng tm m
mu,
mi
khai)
Hin
tng
Phn ng
to kt
+ Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 +H2O
ta
trng
CO2
H2O
nht
SO2 + 2H2O + Br2 2HBr + H2SO4
mu
brom;
iot;
cnh
hoa
hng.
C
H2S + Pb2+ PbS + 2H+
mu
en
trn
giy
lc
qu tm
chuyn
sang
mu
xanh
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT V HIU
Cu 1: phn bit CO2, SO2 ngi ta dng:
A. dd BaCl2.
B. dd Ca(OH)2 d .
C. Dd nc brom.
D. Qu tm.
Cu 2: Cho qu tm vo dung dch cha NH4+ . Qu tm s ha:
A.
B. khng i mu
C. xanh
D. trng
Cu 3: Cho qu tm m ln lt vo cc bnh ng kh NH3, H2S, SO2, CO2. Qu tm s ha
xanh trong bnh ng kh:
A. NH3
B. H2S
C. SO2
D. CO2
Cu 4: Ch dng mt thuc th c th phn bit c 3 dung dch: BaCl 2 ,AlCl3, FeCl3.
Thuc th l:
A. Kh CO2
B. dd HCl long
C. dd BaCl2
D. dd NaOH
Cu 5: Cho t t dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch AlCl3 th:
A. ch c kt ta trng
B. c kt ta trng v sau tan
C. Khng c kt ta
D. c kt ta trng hi xanh v chuyn thnh nu
Cu 6: Dung dch cha Cu2+ thng c mu:
A. .
B. vng .
C. xanh.
D. trng.
B2. CP VN DNG
Cu 7 : C 4 dung dch khng mu cha trong 4 l mt nhn : NaCl , Mg(NO 3)2 ,Al(NO3)3 ,
Fe(NO3)2. Chn mt kim loi no di y phn bit 4 l trn ?
A. Na
B. Al
C. Fe
D. Ag
Cu 8: C cc cht sau: NaCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, HCl. Cht c th lm mm nc cng tm
thi l cht no?
A. NaCl.
B. Na2CO3.
C. NaHCO3.
D. HCl.
C. P N
1
C
2
A
3
A
4
D
5
B
6
C
7
A
8
B
CHNG 9: HA HC V VN PHT TRIN

KINH T X HI, MI TRNG
A. KIN THC C BN
I. HA HC V VN PHT TRIN KINH T
1. Vn nng lng v nhin liu:
a. Nng lng v nhin liu c vai tr nh th no i vi s pht trin kinh t
- Mi hot ng ca con ngi u cn nng lng.
- Nhin liu khi t chy sinh ra nng lng.
- Nng lng v nhin liu l yu t quan trng trong vic pht trin nn kinh t.
b. Nhng vn ang t ra v nng lng v nhin liu.
- Khai thc v s dng nhin liu t gy nhim mi trng.
- Pht trin nng lng ht nhn.
- Pht trin thu nng.
- S dng nng lng mt tri.
- S dng nng lng vi hiu qu cao hn.
c. Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu nh th no?
- Nghin cu s dng cc nhin liu t nh hng n mi trng.
- Nng cao hiu qu ca cc quy trnh ch ho, s dng nhin liu, quy trnh tit kim nhin
liu.
- Ch to vt liu cht lng cao cho ngnh nng lng.
- Ho hc ng vai tr c bn trong vic to ra nhin liu ht nhn.
2. Vn vt liu
a. Vai tr ca vt liu i vi s pht trin kinh t.
- Vt liu l c s vt cht ca s sinh tn v pht trin ca loi ngi.
- Vt liu l mt c s quan trng pht trin nn kinh t.
b. Vn vt liu ang t ra cho nhn loi.
- Yu cu ca con ngi v vt liu ngy cng to ln, a dng theo hng:
+ Kt hp gia kt cu v cng dng.
+ Loi hnh c tnh a nng.

+ t nhim bn.
+ C th ti sinh.
+ Tit kim nng lng.
+ Bn, chc, p.
- Do phi tm kim nhin liu t cc ngun:
+ Cc khong cht, du m, kh thin nhin.
+ Khng kh v nc.
+ T cc loi ng vt.
c. Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn vt liu cho tng lai.
Ho hc v khoa hc khc ang nghin cu v khai thc nhng vt liu mi c trng lng
nh, bn cao v c cng nng c bit:
- Vt liu compozit. Vt liu hn hp cht v c v hp cht hu c. Vt liu hn hp nano.
II. HA HC V VN X HI
1. Ho hc v vn lng thc, thc phm
a.Vai tr ca lng thc, thc phm i vi con ngi :
Lng thc v thc phm c con ngi s dng cha nhiu loi cht hu c nh
cacbonhirat, protein, cht bo, vitamin, nc, cc khong cht, cht vi lng. m bo s
sng th lng thc, thc phm v khu phn n hng ngy c ngha quyt nh .
b. Nhng vn ang t ra cho nhn loi v lng thc, thc phm:
gii quyt vn ny th gii c nhiu gii php nh (cuc cch mng xanh ) pht trin
cng ngh sinh hc
c. Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn lng thc, thc phm:
Ho hc c nhng hng hot ng chnh sau:
- Nghin cu v SX cc cht c tc dng bo v v pht trin thc vt v ng vt.
- Nghin cu v SX nhng ho cht bo qun lng thc thc phm nng cao cht lng
ca lng thc thc phm sau thu hoch.
- Bng con ng ch bin thc phm theo cng ngh ho hc nng cao cht lng ca
sn phm nng nghip hoc ch bin thc phm.
- Hng dn mi ngi s dng ng quy trnh v sinh an ton thc phm.
2. Ho hc v vn may mc :
- Nhu cu may mc ca con ngi ngy cng a dng v ngy cng pht trin
- Nng cao cht lng sn lng cc loi t ho hc, t tng hp ch to nhiu loi t c tnh
nng c bit p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi. Ch to nhiu loi thuc nhum
cht ph gia lm cho mu sc cc loi t vi thm rc r, tnh nng thm a dng.
3. Ho hc vi vic bo v sc kho con ngi
a. Dc phm : ngun gc dc phm c hai loi
- Dc phm c ngun gc t ng, thc vt.
- Dc phm c ngun gc t nhng hp cht ho hc do con ngi tng hp nn.
Dc phm bao gm thuc khng sinh, thuc cha bnh, vacxin vitamin thuc gim au .
b. Mt s cht gy nghin cht ma tu phng chng ma tu .
*Mt s cht gy nghin cht ma tu
- Cc cht kch thch: VD: Cocain trong cy coca
- Cc cht c ch thn kinh VD: Nha cy thc phin
- Cc cht gy nghin khng phi l matu: VD: Ru, nicotin C10H14N2 trong thuc l, cafein
(C8H10N4O2) trong c ph, l ch,...
* Phng chng ma tu :
Chng ta cng u tranh ngn chn khng cho ma tu xm nhp vo nh trng.
III. HA HC V VN MI TRNG
1. Ho hc v vn nhim mi trng
a. nhim mi trng khng kh: nhim khng kh l s c mt ca cc cht l hoc s
bin i quan trng trong thnh phn khng kh , lm cho n khng sch c bi c mi kh
chu lm gim tm nhn.
* Nguyn nhn gy nhim: C hai ngun c bn gy nhim khng kh
+ Ngun gy nhim do thin nhin
+ Ngun do hot ng ca con ngi
+ Ngun gy nhim do con ngi to ra t :
- Kh thi cng nghip: VD: Do t nhin liu, r r ha cht,
- Kh thi do hot ng giao thng vn ti, cc kh c hi pht sinh trong qu trnh t
chy nhin liu ng c.
- Kh thi do sinh hot ch yu pht sinh do un nu, l si, s dng nhin liu km cht
lng.
VD: Cc cht gy nhim khng kh nh CO, CO2, SO2, H2S, CFC, cc cht bi,
* Tc hi ca nhim khng kh :
- Gy hiu ng nh knh do s tng nng CO2, NO2,
- Gy ma axit
- nh hng khng tt n sc kho con ngi.
- nh hng n s sinh trng v pht trin ca ng thc vt.
b. nhim mi trng nc: S nhim mi trng nc l s thay i thnh phn v tnh
cht ca nc gy nh hng n hot ng sng bnh thng ca con ngi v sinh vt.
* Nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng nc:
- nhim mi trng nc c ngun gc t nhin do ma bo, tuyt tan, l lt .
- S nhim nc c ngun gc nhn to ch yu do nc thi cng nghip, hot ng giao
thng, phn bn thuc tr su trong sn xut nng nghip vo mi trng nc.
* Tc nhn ho hc gy nhim mi trng nc bao gm cc ion ca kim loi nng, cc
anion NO3-, PO43-, SO42- . Thuc bo v thc vt v phn bn ho hc .
* Tc hi ca nhim mi trng nc: Gy tc hi n s sinh trng v pht trin ca
ng, thc vt v con ngi.
c. nhim mi trng t : Khi c mt mt s cht v hm lng ca chng v vt qu
gii hn th h sinh thi t s mt cn bng v mi trng t b nhim .
- Ngun gy nhim mi trng t: Ngun gc do t nhin v ngun gc do con ngi
- nhim t do kim loi nng l ngun nguy him i vi h sinh thi t
- nhim mi trng t gy ra nhng tn hi ln trong i sng v sn xut .
2. Ho hc vi vn phng chng mi trng
a. Nhn bit mi trng b nhim .
- Quan st c th nhn bit mi trng nc khng kh b nhim qua mi mu sc
- Xc nh bng cc thuc th pH ca mi trng nc, t .
- Xc nh nhim bng cc dng c o: Dng my sc k cc phng tin o lng xc
nh thnh phn kh thi nc thi t cc nh my .
b. Vai tr ca ho hc trong vic s l cht gy nhim: Ho hc gp phn ln trong vic

s l cht thi gy nhim mi trng.
B. CU HI V BI TP
B1. CP BIT V HIU
Cu 1: Nhin liu c coi l sch, t gy nhim mi trng hn c l:
A. Ci, g, than cc.
B. Than , xng, du.
C. Xng, du.
D. Kh thin nhin.
Cu 2: Nhin liu c coi l sch, ang c nghin cu s dng thay mt s nhin liu
khc gy nhim mi trng l:
A. Kh hiro.
B. Than .
C. Xng, du.
D. Kh butan (gas).
Cu 3: Ngi ta sn xut kh metan dng lm nhin liu ch yu bng phng php:
A. Thu kh metan t kh bn ao.
B. Ln men ng cc.
C. Ln men cc cht thi hu c nh phn gia sc trong hm Biogaz.
D. Cho hi nc i qua than nng trong l.
Cu 4: Dy cc loi thuc gy nghin cho con ngi l:
A. Penixilin, amoxilin.
B. Vitamin C, glucoz.
C. Seduxen, moocphin.
D. Thuc cm pamin, paradol.
Cu 5: bo qun tht c c coi l an ton khi ta bo qun chng trong
A. fomon, nc .
B. Phn m, nc .
C. Nc , nc kh.
D. fomon, nc kh.
Cu 6: Hin tng Tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu l do kh
A. Cacbonic.
B. Clo.
C. Hiroclorua.
D. Cacbon oxit.
Cu 7: Cht gy nghin v gy ung th cho con ngi, c nhiu trong cy thuc l l
A. Penixilin.
B. Aspirin.
C. Moocphin.
D. Nicotin.
Cu 8: Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l
A. CO v CH4.
B. CH4 v NH3.
C. CO v CO2.
D. SO2 v NO2.
Cu 9: Cht c th dit khun v bo v Tri t l
A. Oxi.
B. Ozon.
C. Cacbonic (CO2).
D. Lu hunh ioxit (SO2).
Cu 10: Bin php c th hn ch nhim khng kh l
A. Trng cy xanh.
B. t xng du.
C. eo khu trang khi phun thuc tr su.
D. t than .
C. P N
1
D
2
A
3
A
4
C
5
C
6
A
7
D
8
D
9
B
10
A
PHN HAI : MT S THI THAM KHO

S GD & T BC NINH
THI TH S 1 THPT QUC GIA NM 2014-2015

Mn: HA HC
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht
M 136
H, tn th sinh:.....................................................................
Cu 1: Cho cc nguyn t sau: 13Al; 5B; 9F; 21Sc. Hy cho bit c im chung ca cc
nguyn t .
A. u c 1 electron c thn trng thi c bn. B. u l cc nguyn t thuc chu k
nh.
C. Electron cui cng thuc phn lp p.
D. u c 3 lp electron.
Cu 2: Cho cc pht biu sau :
(1) Trong hp cht vi oxi, nit c cng ha tr cao nht bng V.
(2) Trong cc hp cht, flo lun c s oxi ha bng -1.
(3) Lu hunh trong hp cht vi kim loi lun c s oxi ha l -2.
(4) Trong hp cht, s oxi ha ca nguyn t lun khc khng.
(5) Trong hp cht, mt nguyn t c th c nhiu mc s oxi ha khc nhau.
(6) Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
tng dn.
S pht biu ng l
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 3: Mt khong cht c cha 20,93% nhm; 21,7% silic (theo khi lng), cn li l oxi
v hiro. Phn trm khi lng ca hiro trong khong cht l
A. 5,58%.
B. 2,79%.
C. 2,68%.
D. 1,55%.
Cu 4: Cht hu c X cha vng benzen c cng thc phn t l C xHyO. Bit % O = 14,81%
(theo khi lng). S cng thc cu to ph hp ca X l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 8.
Cu 5: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) Trong 3 dd c cng pH l HCOOH, HCl v H 2SO4 th dung dch c nng mol ln
nht l HCOOH.
(2) Phn ng trao i ion khng km theo s thay i s oxi ha ca nguyn t.
(3) C th phn bit trc tip 3 dung dch: KOH, HCl, H 2SO4 (long) bng mt thuc th
l BaCO3.
(4) Axit, baz, mui l cc cht in li.
(5) Dung dch CH3COONa v dung dch C6H5ONa (natri phenolat) u l dung dch c pH
>7.
(6) Theo thuyt in li, SO3 v C6H6 (benzen) l nhng cht in li yu. S pht biu
ng l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 6: Cho 0,1 mol cht X (C2H8O3N2) tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng
thu c cht kh lm xanh giy qu tm tm t v dd Y. C cn dung dch Y c m gam
cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,5.
B. 15,5.
C. 21,8.
D. 5,7.
Cu 7: Oxi ha hon ton m gam kim loi X cn va 0,25m gam kh O 2. X l kim loi no
sau y?
A. Cu.
B. Al.
C. Ca.
D. Fe.
Cu 8: Hai hp cht thm X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C nH2n-8O2. Bit hi cht Y c
khi lng ring 5,447 gam/lt (ktc). X c kh nng phn ng vi Na gii phng H 2 v c
phn ng trng bc. Y phn ng c vi Na2CO3 gii phng CO2. Tng s cng thc cu to
ph hp ca X v Y l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 9: Hirocacbon thm C9H8 (X) lm mt mu nc brom, cng hp c vi brom theo t
l mol 1:2, khi oxi ha to thnh axit benzoic, khi tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3
to kt ta c trng. Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. X c 3 cng thc cu to ph hp.
B. X c bt bo ha bng 6.
C. X c tn gi l benzyl axetilen.
D. X c lin kt ba u mch.
Cu 10: Cho 2,5 kg glucoz cha 20% tp cht ln men thnh ru etylic. Tnh th tch dd
ru 400 thu c? Bit ru nguyn cht c khi lng ring 0,8 g/ml v trong qu trnh ch
bin, ru b hao ht mt 10%.
A. 2875,0 ml.
B. 3194,4 ml.
C. 2300,0 ml.
D. 2785,0 ml.
(1) dung dch Na2CO3 + dung dch H2SO4.
(2) dung dch Na2CO3 + dung dch
FeCl3.
(3) dung dch Na2CO3 + dung dch CaCl2.
(4) dung dch NaHCO3 + dung dch
Ba(OH)2.
(5) dung dch (NH4)2SO4 + dung dch Ba(OH)2.
(6) dung dch Na2S + dung dch
AlCl3.
S phn ng to ng thi c kt ta v kh bay ra l
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 12: C cc dung dch sau: NH4Cl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, AlCl3. Ha cht no sau y c th s
dng phn bit cc dung dch ?
A. dung dch AgNO3
B. dung dch Ba(OH)2 C. dung dch NaOH
D. dung dch
NH3
Cu 13: Cho 6,16 lit kh NH3 v V ml dd H3PO4 0,1M phn ng ht vi nhau thu c dd X.
X phn ng c vi ti a 300 ml dd NaOH 1M. Khi lng mui khan c trong X bng
A. 147 ,0 g
B. 13,235 g
C. 14,9 g
D. 14,475 g
0
0
Cu 14: Bit tan ca NaCl trong 100 gam nc 90 C l 50 gam v 0 C l 35 gam. Khi
lm lnh 600 gam dung dch NaCl bo ha 90 0C v 00C lm thot ra bao nhiu gam tinh th
NaCl?
A. 60 gam.
B. 45 gam.
C. 50 gam.
D. 55 gam.
Cu 15: Qu trnh iu ch t no di y l qu trnh trng hp?
A. T lapsan t etylen glicol v axit terephtalic. B. T nilon-6,6 t hexametyleniamin
v axit aipic.
C. T nitron (t olon) t acrilonitrin.
D. T capron t axit -amino caproic.
Cu 16: Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit bo t do. Khi thy phn hon ton 2,145 kg cht
bo cn dng 0,3 kg NaOH, thu c 0,092 kg glixerol v m (kg) hn hp mui natri. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 2,353.
B. 2,272.
C. 3,765.
D. 2,610.
Cu 17: Cho 2,16 gam hh gm Al v Mg tan ht trong dd axit HNO3 long, un nng nh to ra
dung dch X v 448 ml (o 354,90 K v 988 mmHg) hh kh Y kh gm 2 kh khng mu,
khng i mu trong khng kh. T khi ca Y so vi oxi bng 0,716 ln t khi ca kh
cacbonic so vi nit. Lm khan X mt cch cn thn thu c m gam cht rn Z, nung Z n
khi lng khng i thu c 3,84 gam cht rn T. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,68.
B. 15,18.
C. 15,48.
D. 17,92.
Cu 18: Cho 30,1 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe 3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long, un
nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,68 lt NO (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn d 0,7 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, khi
lng mui khan thu c l
A. 54,45 gam.
B. 68,55 gam.
C. 75,75 gam.
D. 89,70 gam.
Cu 19: Hp cht hu c C4H7O2Cl (X), khi thy phn trong mi trng kim c cc sn phm,
trong c hai cht c kh nng phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ng ca (X) l
A. CH3COO-CH2-CH2Cl.
B. ClCH2COO-CH2-CH3.
C. HCOOCHCl-CH2-CH3.
D. HCOO-CH2-CHCl-CH3.
(1) CaOCl2 l mui kp.
(2) Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong
mng tinh th do s tham gia ca cc electron t do.
(3) Supephotphat kp c thnh phn ch yu l Ca(H2PO4)2.
(4) Trong cc HX (X: halogen) th HF c tnh axit yu nht.
(5) Bn nhiu phn m amoni s lm cho t chua.
(6) Kim loi c nhit nng chy thp nht l thy ngn (Hg).
(7) CO2 l phn t phn cc. S pht biu ng l
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 7.
D. 5.
Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton 0,775 gam n cht (X) trong dung dch HNO 3 c thu c 5,75
gam hn hp gm hai kh (c thnh phn % theo khi lng ca oxi nh nhau) v dung dch
(Y). Bit t khi hi ca hn hp kh so vi hiro l 115/3. trng thi c bn nguyn t X
c s electron c thn l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 22: Cc cht kh sau: SO2, NO2, Cl2, N2O, H2S, CO2. S cc cht kh khi tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng) lun to ra 2 mui l:
A. 5
B. 4
C. 2
D. 3
Cu 23: Cho 1,0 mol axit axetic tc dng vi 1,0 mol ancol isopropylic th cn bng t c khi
c 0,6 mol isopropyl axetat c to thnh. Lc ngi ta cho thm 2,0 mol axit axetic vo
hn hp phn ng, cn bng b ph v v chuyn n trng thi cn bng mi. S mol ca
isopropyl axetat trng thi cn bng mi l
A. 0,25 mol.
B. 0,50 mol.
C. 0,85 mol.
D. 1,25 mol.
Cu 24: Thy phn m gam mantoz thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch X tc dng vi
mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 thu c a gam Ag. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Mi lin h gia m v a l
A. m: a = 126: 171.
B. m: a = 432: 171.
432.
Cu 25: Cho s phn ng:
NaOH
Este X (C4HnO2)
t0
AgNO3 / NH 3
t0
C. m: a = 171: 216.
NaOH
Z
t0
D. m: a = 171:
C2H3O2Na.
Cng thc cu to ca X tha mn s cho l

A. CH3COOCH=CH2.
B. HCOOCH2CH2CH3.
C. CH3COOCH2CH3.
D. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
Cu 26: t chy hon ton 24,8 gam hh X gm (axetilen, etan v propilen) thu c 1,6
mol nc. Mt khc 0,5 mol X tc dng va vi dd cha 0,645 mol Br2. Phn trm th tch
ca etan trong hn hp X l
A. 3,33%.
B. 5,0%.
C. 4,0 %.
D. 2,5%.
Cu 27: Pht biu ng l
A. Lc baz tng dn theo dy : C2H5ONa, NaOH, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa.
B. Fructoz b kh bi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 (d).
C. Cho HNO2 vo dung dch alanin hoc dung dch etyl amin th u c si bt kh thot
ra.
D. Benzen v cc ng ng ca n u lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm khi un nng.
Cu 28: Cho cc phn ng sau: (1) AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
(2) Zn + 2CrCl3 ZnCl2 + 2 CrCl2
(3) 3Ag + 4HNO3 3AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O.
Th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion l:
A. Zn2+; Cr3+ ; Fe3+; NO3-(H+), Ag+.
B. NO3-(H+), Ag+; Fe3+; Zn2+; Cr3+ .
C. NO3-(H+), Zn2+; Fe3+; Cr3+ ; Ag+.
D. Zn2+;Cr3+; Fe3+; Ag+; NO3-(H+)
Cu 29: Cho cc cht sau: Glixerol, ancol etylic, p-crezol, phenylamoni clorua, valin, lysin,
anilin, ala-gly, phenol, amoni hirocacbonat. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 8.
B. 9.
C. 7.
D. 10.
Cu 30: Cho hn hp (HCHO v H 2 d) i qua ng ng bt Ni un nng thu c hn hp
X. Dn ton b sn phm thu c vo bnh nc lnh thy khi lng bnh tng 5,9 gam.
Ly ton b dd trong bnh cho tc dng vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Khi
lng ancol c trong X l gi tr no di y?
A. 9,3 gam.
B. 1,03 gam.
C. 8,3 gam.
D. 5,15 gam.
Cu 31: Cho ln lt mi cht sau: Mg ; Ba(HCO3)2 ; Al ; ZnO; Na2HPO3; (NH4)2SO4 vo
dung dch NaOH. S cht c phn ng vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 32: Khi thy phn 500 gam protein A thu c 170 gam alanin. Nu phn t khi ca A
l 50.000, th s mt xch alanin trong phn t A l bao nhiu?
A. 189.
B. 191.
C. 196.
D. 195.
Cu 33: Cc cht c th lm mm nc cng tm thi l
A. Ca(OH)2, NaOH.
B. Ca(OH)2 v BaCl2
C. Na2CO3 v H2SO4
D. Ca(OH)2 v HCl
Cu 34: Mt hn hp Y gm 2 este A, B mch h (M A< MB). Nu un nng 15,7 gam hn
hp Y vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c mt mui ca axit hu c n chc v 7,6 gam
hn hp 2 ancol no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Nu t chy 15,7 gam hn
hp Y cn dng va ht 21,84 lt O2 v thu c 17,92 lt CO2. Cc th tch kh o ktc.
Phn trm khi lng ca A trong hn hp Y l
A. 63,69%.
B. 40,57%.
C. 36,28%.
D. 48,19%.
Cu 35: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + N2O + H2O

(Bit t l th tch N2O: NO = 1 : 3). Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s
cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s ca HNO3 l
A. 60
B. 62
C. 64
D. 66
Cu 36: C mt olum c cng thc l: H 2SO4.3SO3. Cn bao nhiu gam olum ny pha
vo 100ml dung dch H2SO4 40% (d=1,31g/ml) to ra olum c hm lng SO3 l 10%.
A. 449,1 g
B. 593,1 g
C. 274,55g
D. 823,65g
Cu 37: un nng m gam cht hu c (X) cha C, H, O vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. trung ha lng NaOH d cn 40 ml dung dch HCl 1M.
Lm bay hi cn thn dung dch sau khi trung ha, thu c 7,36 gam hn hp 2 ancol n
chc (Y), (Z) v 15,14 gam hn hp 2 mui khan, trong c mt mui ca axit cacboxylic
(T). Kt lun no sau y ng?
A. Axit (T) c cha 2 lin kt i trong phn t. B. Cht hu c X c cha 14 nguyn t
hiro.
C. Ancol (Y) v (Z) l 2 cht ng ng lin tip vi nhau.
D. S nguyn t cacbon trong axit (T) bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong cht hu
c X.
Cu 38: Cho cc cht sau: Tristearin, hexan, benzen, glucoz, xenluloz, metylamin,
phenylamoni clorua, triolein, axetilen, saccaroz. S cc cht khng tan trong nc l
A. 9.
B. 8.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 39: Oxi ha 4,6 gam ancol etylic bng O 2 iu kin thch hp thu c 6,6 gam hn
hp X gm anehit, axit, ancol d v nc. Hn hp X tc dng vi natri d sinh ra 1,68 lt
H2 (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng chuyn ha ancol thnh anehit l
A. 50%.
B. 25%.
C. 75%.
D. 33%.
Cu 40: t chy hon ton 4,02 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat v metyl
metacrylat ri cho ton b sn phm chy vo bnh 1 ng dung dch H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng
dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng m gam, bnh 2 xut hin 35,46 gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,24.
B. 2,34.
C. 2,70.
D. 3,65.
Cu 41: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr, cng dng 5A. Khi anot c 4g
kh oxi bay ra th ngng. iu no sau y lun ng?
A. Khi lng ng thu c catot l 16g. B. Thi gian in phn l 9650 giy.
C. Khng c kh thot ra catot
D. pH ca dung dch trong qu trnh in
phn lun tng ln.
Cu 42: Axeton khng phn ng vi cht no sau y ?
A. H2 (xc tc Ni, t0).
B. HCN trong H2O.
C. KMnO4 trong H2O.
D. brom trong CH3COOH.
Cu 43: Cho dy cc oxit: NO2, Cr2O3, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, SiO2, CuO. C bao
nhiu oxit trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. 7.
B. 5.
C. 8.
D. 6.
Cu 44: Cho m gam butan qua xc tc, thu c hn hp gm 5 hirocacbon. Cho hn hp
kh ny sc qua bnh ng dd nc brom d th lng brom tham gia phn ng l 25,6 gam
v sau th nghim bnh brom tng 5,32 gam. Hn hp kh cn li sau khi qua dd nc brom c
t khi so vi metan l 1,9625. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,6.
B. 8,7.
C. 5,8.
D. 17,4.
Cu 45: t chy hon ton hh X gm hai ancol no, hai chc, mch h cn va V 1 lt kh
O2, thu c V2 lt kh CO2 v a mol H2O. Cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun. Biu thc
lin h gia cc gi tr V1, V2, a l
A. V1 = V2 +22,4a
B. V1 = 2V2 + 11,2a
C. V1 = V2 - 22,4a
D. V1 = 2V2 - 11,2a
Cu 46: Cho m gam hn hp tinh th gm NaBr, NaI tc dng va vi H 2SO4 c iu
kin thch hp, thu c hn hp kh X iu kin thng. iu kin thch hp hn hp X
tc dng va vi nhau to thnh 9,6 gam cht rn mu vng v mt cht lng khng lm
i mu qu tm. Gi tr ca m l
A. 260,6.
B. 404,8.
C. 240.
D. 50,6.
Cu 47: Cho Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy
nht) v 8,28 gam mui. Bit s mol Fe bng 37,5% s mol H 2SO4 phn ng. Khi lng Fe
tham gia phn ng l
A. 2,52 gam.
B. 1,08 gam.
C. 1,68 gam.
D. 1,12 gam.
Cu 48: Khi un nng 25,8 gam hn hp ru etylic v axit axetic c H 2SO4 c lm xc tc thu
c 14,08 gam este. Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp ban u thu c 23,4 ml
nc. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l
A. 75%.
B. 80%.
C. 70%.
D. 85%.
0
Cu 49: ho tan ht mt mu Al trong dung dch axit HCl 25 C cn 36 pht. Cng mu
Al tan ht trong dung dch axit ni trn 450C trong 4 pht. Hi ho tan ht mu Al
trong dung dch axit ni trn 600C th cn thi gian bao nhiu giy?
A. 46,188 giy.
B. 38,541 giy.
C. 56,342 giy.
D. 45,465 giy.
Cu 50: Trong nc t nhin, hidro ch yu tn ti 2 ng v 11 H v
2
1
H . Bit nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca hidro trong nc nguyn cht bng 1,008. Thnh phn % v khi lng
ca ng v 12 H c trong 1,000 gam nc nguyn cht l
A. 8,885%.
B. 0,178%.
C. 0,888%.
D. 17,769%.
----------- HT ---------1
2
3
4
5
A B D A D
21 22 23 24 25
C
C
C
C A
41 42 43 44 45
B
C D A D
C. P N M 136
6
A
26
B
46
A
S GD & T BC NINH
7
A
27
C
47
A
8
B
28
D
48
B
9
A
29
C
49
A
10
A
30
D
50
B
11
D
31
B
12
C
32
B
13
D
33
A
14
A
34
A
15
C
35
D
16
B
36
B
17
C
37
D
18
C
38
D

Mn: HA HC
M thi 281
Cho bit: Na: 23; K : 39; H: 1; O: 16; C: 12; N : 14; Al: 27; Mg: 24: Ca: 40; Cu: 64; Fe:
56; Cl: 35,5; Br: 80; Pb: 207; Au: 197; Ag: 108; Mn: 55
19
C
39
B
20
D
40
B
Cu 1: Cho s chuyn ho :
X HCl
Y 2 NaOH
Z
C6H5-CH2-CCH HCl
Trong X, Y, Z u l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
A. C6H5CH2CH2 CH2OH.
B. C6H5CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
C. C6H5CH2COCH3.
D. C6H5 CH2CH(OH)CH3.
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 1 anehit X c n H2O = n X . Trong X hidro chim 2,439% v khi
lng. Cho 3,28 gam X phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong NH3 c 17,28 gam Ag. Cng
thc ca X l:
A. CH2(CHO)2 .
B. O=CH-CC-CH=O. C. O=CH-CH=O.
D. HCHO.
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm CxHyCOOH, CxHyCOOCH3 & CH3OH
thu c 2,688 lt CO2 & 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, 2,76 gam X phn ng va vi 30 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH3OH. Cng thc CxHyCOOH l:
A. C2H3COOH
B. C2H5COOH
C. C3H5COOH
D. CH3COOH
Cu 4: Cho cc este: C6H5OCOCH3 (1); CH3COOCH=CH2 (2); CH2=CH-COOCH3 (3);
CH3-CH=CH-OCOCH3 (4); (CH3COO)2CH-CH3 (5). Nhng este no khi thy phn khng to
ra ancol?
A. 1 , 2 , 4 , 5
B. 1 , 2 , 4
C. 1 , 2 , 3
D. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
Cu 5: Cho t t dung dch cha 0,3 mol HCl vo dung dch cha m gam hn hp X gm
K2CO3, NaHCO3 th thy c 0,12 mol kh CO2 thot ra. Cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 d vo m/2
gam hn hp X nh trn thy c 17 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,14
B. 38,28.
C. 35,08.
D. 17,54.
Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau NH3 (1), anilin (2), p-nitro anilin (3), p-metyl anilin (4), metyl amin
(5), imetyl amin (6) . Th t tng dn lc bazo l:
A. 2<3<4<1<5<6
B. 3<2<4<1<5<6
C. 3<1<4<2<5<6
D. 2<3<1<4<5<6
Cu 7: Thy phn 109,44g mantoz trong mi trng axit vi hiu sut phn ng t 60% thu
c hn hp X. Trung ha hn hp X bng NaOH thu c hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi
dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d un nng thu c m gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 69,12 gam
B. 110,592 gam
C. 138,24 gam
D. 82,944 gam
Cu 8: Khi lng oleum cha 71% SO3 v khi lng cn ly ha tan vo 100 gam dung
dch H2SO4 60% th thu c oleum cha 30% SO3 v khi lng l:
A. 506,78gam
B. 312,56 gam
C. 539,68gam
D. 496,68gam
Cu 9: t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, mch h sinh ra 1,792 lt
CO2 (ktc). Mt khc, ton b lng X trn phn ng va vi 0,08 mol H 2 (xc tc Ni, t0).
Cng thc ca hai anehit trong X l
A. HCHO v O=HC-CH2-CH=O.
B. CH3CHO v O=HC-CH=O.
C. HCHO v O=HC-CH=O.
D. HCHO v CH3CHO.
Cu 10: Cho 100ml dung dch cha NaOH 1M, KOH 1M v Ba(OH) 2 1,2M vo 100ml dung
dch AlCl3 xM th thu c 9,36 gam kt ta. Vy nu cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M vo
100 ml dung dch AlCl3 xM th khi lng kt ta thu c v gi tr ca x l (bit cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton)
A. 11,70 gam v 1,6. B. 9,36 gam v 2,4.
C. 6,24 gam v 1,4.
D. 7,80 gam v
1,0.
Cu 11: Cho m gam cht bo to bi axit stearic v axit oleic tc dng ht vi dung dch
NaOH va thu c dung dch X cha 109,68 gam hn hp 2 mui. Bit 1/2 dung dch X
lm mt mu va 0,12 mol Br2 trong CCl4. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 132,90.
B. 106,32.
C. 128,70.
D. 106,80.
Cu 12: Cho hn hp gm m gam bt Cu v 27,84 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 long
d thy tan hon ton thu c dung dch X. oxi ha ht Fe2+ trong dung dch X cn
dng 90 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,36 gam.
B. 5,12 gam.
C. 2,56 gam.
D. 3,20gam.
Cu 13: C cc nhn xt v kim loi kim:
(1) Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca kim loi kim l ns1 vi n nguyn v 1 n 7 .
(2) Kim loi kim kh H2O d dng nhit thng gii phng H2.
(3) Kim loi kim c cu trc mng tinh th lp phng tm khi nn chng c nhit nng chy,
nhit si thp.
(4) Khi cho kim loi kim vo dung dch HCl th kim loi kim phn ng vi dung mi H2O trc,
vi axit sau.
(5) Cc kim loi kim khng y c kim loi yu hn ra khi dung dch mui
S nhn xt ng l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 5
D. 2
Cu 14: Cho s chuyn ha sau:
SiO2 C

X
Ca3(PO4)2 1200
0
C
Ca
t0
HCl
+O2 d
X, Y, X, T ln lt l
A. P , Ca3P2, PH3, P2O3.
B. P trng, Ca3P2, PH3, P2O5.
C. CaC2, C2H2, C2H3Cl, CO2.
D. P , Ca3P2, PH3, P2O5.
Cu 15: Hp th ht V lt kh CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,42 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c a gam
kt ta. Tch ly kt ta, sau thm tip 0,6V lt kh CO2 na, thu thm 0,2a gam kt ta.
Th tch cc kh o ktc. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 7,84 lt.
B. 5,60 lt.
C. 6,72 lt.
D. 8,40 lt.
Cu 16: Thy phn hon ton a gam ipeptit Glu-Gly trong dung dch KOH d, un nng thu
c 40,32 gam hn hp mui. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 24,48 gam.
B. 34,5 gam.
C. 33,3 gam.
D. 35,4 gam.
Cu 17: Axit no trong s cc axit sau c tnh axit mnh nht:
A. CH3-CCl2-COOH
B. CH3-CBr2-COOH
C. CH3 -CH2- CCl2-COOH
D. CCl2-CH2-COOH
Cu 18: Cho s sau: KCl
dpdd
700 C
HCl
. Cc cht X, Y ln lt l:
A. KClO, Cl2.
B. K, H2.
C. KClO3, Cl2.
D. KOH, KCl
Cu 19: Khi thy phn este C7H6O2 trong mi trng axit thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y,
trong X cho phn ng trng gng, cn Y khng c phn ng trng gng nhng tc dng
vi dung dch Br2 cho kt ta trng. CTCT ca este l:
A. CHC-COOCC-C2H5
B. CH3COOCH=CH-CCH
C. HCOOC6H5
D. HCOOCH=CH-CC-CH-CH2
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm cc kim loi Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag vo dung
dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu
c kt ta Y. em Y tc dng vi dung dch NH 3 (d), n phn ng hon ton thu c
kt ta Z. S hiroxit c trong Y v Z ln lt l
A. 7 ; 4.
B. 3 ; 2.
C. 5 ; 2.
D. 4 ; 2.
Cu 21: Cho cc cht sau: ivinyl, toluen, etilen, xiclopropan, stiren, vinylaxetilen, propilen,
benzen. S cht lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 nhit thng l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 22: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C 3H6, X tc dng vi dung dch HBr thu c mt
sn phm hu c duy nht. Vy X l:
A. ispropen.
B. xiclopropan.
C. propen.
D. propan.
Cu 23: Ha tan hon ton 19,2 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 trong 50 ml
dung dch H2SO4 18M (c, d, un nng), thu c dung dch Y v V lt kh SO2 (ktc v l
sn phm kh duy nht). Cho 450 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch Y thu c 21,4
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36 lt.
B. 4,48 lt.
C. 6,72 lt.
D. 5,60 lt.
Cu 24: Cho phng trnh phn ng: Mg + HNO 3 Mg(NO3)2 + NO + N2O + H2O. Nu t
khi ca hn hp NO v N2O i vi H2 l 17,8. T l s phn t b kh v b oxi ha l
A. 14 : 25
B. 11 : 28
C. 25 : 7
D. 28 : 15
Cu 25: Dy no sau y gm cc cht m cu to phn t khng th tha mn quy tc bt t?
A. H2S, HCl
B. SO2, SO3.
C. CO2, H2O
D. NO2, PCl5.
Cu 26: C bao nhiu nguyn t ha hc m nguyn t ca n c electron cui cng in vo
phn lp 4s ?
A. 12.
B. 9.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Cu 27: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t
chy hon ton x mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,6x mol H2O. Cho 0,1 mol hn
hp M tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c y mol Ag. Gi tr ca y l:
A. 0,06.
B. 0,04.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,02.
0
Cu 28: ho tan mt mu km trong dung dch HCl 20 C cn 27 pht. Cng mu km tan
ht trong dung dch axit ni trn 40 0C trong 3 pht. ho tan ht mu km trong axit ni
trn 450C th cn bao nhiu thi gian?
A. 103,92 giy
B. 60,00 giy
C. 44,36 giy
D. 34,64 giy
Cu 29: X c CTPT C4H11O2N. Khi cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c etyl amin. Vy
CTCT ca X l:
A. CH3COONH3C2H5
B. CH3COONH2C2H5
C. C2H5COOCH2NHCH3.
D. HCOONH3C3H7
Cu 30: Nhng nhn xt no trong cc nhn xt sau l ng?
(1) Metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin v etylamin l nhng cht kh mi khai kh chu,
c.
(2) Cc amin ng ng ca metylamin c tan trong nc gim dn theo chiu tng ca khi
lng phn t.
(3) Anilin c tnh baz v lm xanh qu tm m.
(4) Lc baz ca cc amin lun ln hn lc baz ca amoniac.
A. (1), (2).
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (3).
D. (1), (2), (4).
(1) Trong dung dch, tng nng cc ion dng bng nng cc ion m.
(2) Dy cc cht: CaCO3, HBr v NaOH u l cc cht in ly mnh.
(3) Trong 3 dung dch cng pH l HCOOH, HCl v H2SO4, dung dch c nng ln nht
l HCOOH.
(4) Phn ng axit-baz xy ra theo chiu to ra cht c tnh axit v baz yu hn.
(5) Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch khng km theo s thay i s oxi ha.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 32: Thm dung dch brom ln lt vo 4 mu th cha cc dung dch: fructoz,
saccaroz, mantoz, h tinh bt. Mu th c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch brom l:
A. dung dch fructoz.
B. dung dch mantoz.
C. dung dch saccaroz.
D. dung dch h tinh bt.
Cu 33: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol AgNO3 v 0,25 mol Cu(NO3)2, sau mt
thi gian thu c 19,44 gam kt ta v dung dch X cha 2 mui. Tch ly kt ta, thm
tip 8,4 gam bt st vo dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng hon ton thu c 9,36 gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,8 gam.
B. 4,32 gam.
C. 4,64gam.
D. 5,28 gam.
Cu 34: X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C7H8O2 tc dng vi dung dch Br2 to ra
c dn xut tribrom. X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH theo t l mol 1: 1. S ng phn
ca X l:
A. 2
B. 6
C. 5
D. 4
Cu 35: Cho bt nhm d vo axit X long, un nng thu c kh Y khng mu, nng hn
khng kh v dung dch Z. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Z, un nng. Sau
phn ng hon ton, thy thot ra kh T (khng mu, i mu qu tm m sang xanh). Axit
X v kh Y l:
A. HNO3 v N2.
B. H2SO4 v H2S.
C. HNO3 v N2O.
D. HCl v H2.
Cu 36: Cho a gam P2O5 vo dung dch cha a gam KOH, thu c dung dch X. Cht tan c
trong dung dch X l:
A. KH2PO4 v H3PO4
B. K2HPO4 v K3PO4
C. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4
D. K3PO4 v KOH
Cu 37: Phn ng no sau y mch polime b thay i?

A. Cao su Isopren + HCl
B. PVC + Cl2 as
o
C. PVA + NaOH t
Cu 38: Cho cc phn ng:
(1) FeCO3 + H2SO4 c
t0
D. Nha Rezol t
kh X + kh Y +
(2) NaHCO3 + KHSO4 kh X +

(3) Cu + HNO3(c)
t0
kh Z +
(4) FeS + H2SO4 long kh G +

t0
(5) NH4NO
2
(6) AgNO3
t0
kh H +
kh Z + kh I +
Trong cc cht kh sinh ra cc phn ng trn, s cht kh tc dng vi dung dch NaOH l:
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 39: Dy cc dung dch no sau y, khi in phn (in cc tr, mng ngn) c s tng
pH ca dung dch ?
A. NaOH, KNO3,KCl.
B. NaOH, CaCl2, HCl.
C. CuSO4, KCl, NaNO3.
D. KCl, KOH, KNO3.
Cu 40: Trong cc th nghim sau, th nghim no khng to ra NaHCO3?
A. Sc CO2 vo dung dch natriphenolat.
B. Sc CO2 vo dung dch Na2CO3.
C. Sc CO2 vo dung dch bo ha cha NaCl v NH3.
D. Cho dung dch NaOH vo Ba(HCO3)2.
Cu 41: Cho cc dung dch sau: NH4NO3 (1), KCl (2), K2CO3 (3), CH3COONa (4), NaHSO4
(5), Na2S (6). Cc dung dch c kh nng lm i mu phenolphtalein l:
A. (4), (5)
B. (3), (5)
C. (2), (3)
D. (3), (4), (6)
Cu 42: X c cng thc phn t l C 4H8Cl2. Thy phn X trong dung dch NaOH un nng
thu c cht hu c Y c kh nng tc dng vi Cu(OH) 2. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu
cng thc cu to tha mn tnh cht trn?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Cu 43: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban
u. Gi tr ca m l
A. 32,50.
B. 48,75.
C. 29,25.
D. 20,80.
Cu 44: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip c axeton l:
A. C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH
B. C2H5OH, CH3CH=CHBr, C6H5CH(CH3)2
C. C6H5CH(CH3)2, CH3CH2CH2OH, HCOOCH3
D. CH3CHOHCH3, (CH3COO)2Ca, CH2=CBr-CH3
Cu 45: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Thic c th dng ph ln b mt ca st chng g.
B. Ch (Pb) c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
C. Km c ng dng bo v v tu bin bng thp.
D. Nhm l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
Cu 46: C th dng dung dch NH3 phn bit 2 dung dch mui no sau y?
A. CuSO4 v ZnSO4. B. NH4NO3 v KCl.
C. MgCl2 v AlCl3.
D. NaCl v KNO3.
Cu 47: hiro ho hon ton 0,035 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 2,2
gam cn 1,568 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit
trong X l
A. H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO.
B. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO.
C. OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO.
D. CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO.
Cu 48: ipeptit X, hexapeptit Y u mch h v cng c to ra t 1 amino axit no, mch
h trong phn t c 1 nhm -NH 2 v 1 nhm -COOH. Cho 13,2 gam X tc dng ht vi dung
dch HCl d, lm kh cn thn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,3 gam cht rn. Vy khi
t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y th cn t nht bao nhiu mol O 2 nu sn phm chy thu c
gm CO2, H2O, N2 ?
A. 2,25 mol.
B. 1,35 mol.
C. 0,975 mol.
D. 1,25 mol.
Cu 49: Ch dng qu tm c th nhn bit c bao nhiu dung dch trong s cc dung dch
sau ng trong cc l mt nhn: Na2CO3, NaCl, NaOH, HCl, BaCl2, KNO3?
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 1
D. 4
A. PVA bn trong mi trng kim khi un nng
B. T olon c sn xut t polome trng ngng.
C. T nilon -6 c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng ngng hexametylen iamin vi axit
aipic.
D. ng trng hp buta-1,3-ien vi acrylonitrin c cao su buna-N.
----------- HT ---------C. P N: M 281
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
C
21
B
41
D
B
22
B
42
B
A
23
C
43
D
A
24
A
44
D
B
25
D
45
D
B
26
D
46
A
S GD & T BC NINH
B
27
C
47
D
A
28
A
48
B
C
29
A
49
D
C
30
A
50
D
B
31
C
A
32
B
A
33
C
B
34
A
C
35
C
A
36
C
A
37
D
C
38
A
C
39
B

Mn: HA HC
M thi 329
Cu 1: Cho hn hp X gm Zn, Fe vo dung dch cha AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2, sau phn ng
thu c hn hp Y gm 2 kim loi v dung dch Z. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch Z thu c
kt ta gm hai hiroxit kim loi. Dung dch Z cha
A. Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)3.
B. Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 .
C. Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2.
D. Zn(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3.
Cu 2: X phng ha hon ton 12,50 gam hn hp hai este n chc thu c 13,70 gam
hn hp hai mui ca 2 axit l ng ng k tip v 4,80 gam mt ancol. Cng thc ca hai
este l
A. CH3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOC2H5.
B. HCOOCH3 v CH3COOCH3.
C. CH3COOCH3 v C2H5COOCH3.
D. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 3: Ha tan a gam ZnCl2 vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M c dung dch X. Cho 160 ml
NaOH 2M vo X, thu c m gam kt ta. Mt khc nu cho 190 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo
X th cng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 19,4
B. 16,375.
C. 17,000.
D. 18,215.
Cu 4: C bao nhiu cht cha vng benzen c cng cng thc phn t C7H8O?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4
Cu 5: Nhit phn hon ton hn hp rn gm KNO 3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3, sau
phn ng thu c hn hp sn phm rn gm:
A. KNO2, CuO, Fe2O3 v Ag2O.
B. KNO2, CuO, Fe2O3 v Ag.
C. K2O, CuO, Fe2O3 v Ag.
D. KNO2, CuO, FeO v Ag.
Cu 6: t chy 0,06 mol hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic, thu c 2,24 lt kh CO 2(
ktc). Nu trung ha 0,03 mol X cn dng 50ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l:
A. HCOOH, HOOC COOH.
B. HCOOH, HOOC CH2 COOH.
C. HCOOH, C2H5COOH.
D. HCOOH, CH3COOH.
Cu 7 Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht
xc tc nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 v H2. Sc Y vo dung dch
brom (d) th khi lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t
khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt.
B. 44,8 lt.
C. 22,4 lt.
D. 26,88 lt.
Cu 8: Cho cc cht: C2H4, C2H2, C2H6, C2H5Cl, C2H5OH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOC2H3,
CH3COOH. C bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht cho trn bng phn ng trc tip to ra
anehit axetic (axetanehit)?
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 9: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht v c ca mt kim loi, khi t nng nhit cao u cho
ngn la mu vng, bit:
D
40
D
X + Y
(1)
to
Z + H2O + E
(2)
E + X
Y (3)
E + X
Z
(4)
Bit E l hp cht ca cacbon. X, Y, Z, E ln lt l
A. NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, CO2.
B. NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, CO2.
C. NaOH, Na2CO3, CO2, NaHCO3.
D. KOH, KHCO3, CO2, K2CO3.
Cu 10: Cho cc cht: C6H5NH3Cl (phenylamoni clorua), C6H5Cl (phenyl clorua), C2H5Cl,
NaHCO3, CO, CO2, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch
NaOH long, un nng l
A. 8.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
Cu 11: Nhm nhng cht kh (hoc hi) no di y u gy hiu ng nh knh khi nng
ca chng trong kh quyn vt qu tiu chun cho php?
A. CH 4 v H 2 O.
B. CO 2 v O 2 .
C. CO 2 v CH 4 .
D. N 2 v CO.
Cu 12: Dung dich X gm K2CO3 0,15M v KHCO3 0,10M. Nh t t tng git cho n ht
200 ml dung dch HNO3 0,10M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V ml kh CO 2 ( ktc). Gi
tr ca V l:
A. 448.
B. 336.
C. 224.
D. 112.
Cu 13: C hn hp X gm hai ancol, c s nhm chc hn km nhau 1 n v. t chy
hon ton m gam hn hp X, thu c 13,44 lt kh CO2 v 16,20 gam H2O. Mt khc cho m
gam X tc dng vi Na (d), thu c 4,48 lt H2. Gi tr ca m l(cc th tch o ktc):
A. 22.00.
B. 15,04.
C. 22,12.
D. 15.40.
Cu 14: Cho 14,6 gam mt amin X tc dng vi HCl (d), thu c 21,90 gam mui
CxHyNH3Cl. S ng phn cu to ph hp vi tnh cht ca X l:
A. 8.
B. 7.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 15: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong H2SO4 long, d thu c dung dch X. Cho dung
dch X ln lt phn ng vi cc cht: Cu, Ag, dung dch KMnO 4, Na2CO3, AgNO3, KNO3.
S trng hp c phn ng xy ra vi dung dch X l
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 16: Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1
phn t clo
phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l (cho H = 1, C = 12,
Cl = 35,5)
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 17: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2.
S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 18: Nung 8,91 gam hn hp gm Cu(NO 3)2 v BaSO4 trong bnh kn khng c khng
kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 7,29 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp thu hon ton X vo
300 ml H2O c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l:
A. 2,15.
B. 1,00.
C. 2,00.
D. 1,52.
Cu 19: Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu
c dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s
mol NaOH phn ng l
A. 0,50.
B. 0,65.
C. 0,70.
D. 0,55.
Cu 20: Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch cha mt loi lin kt l
A. HF, HClO, KF, H2O.
B. NaF, Na2O, CaCl2, KBr.
C. NaF, NaCl, NaNO3, KI.

D. HF, H2S, HCl, NH4NO3.
Cu 21: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca i n tch ht nhn th
A. Bn knh nguyn t v m i n u tng
B. Bn knh nguyn t tng, m
i n gim
C. Bn knh nguyn t gim, m i n tng
D. Bn knh nguyn t v m
i n u gim
Cu 22: Cho 13,92 gam Fe3O4 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO 3, sau phn ng thu
c dung dch X v 0,448 lt kh N xOy (sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Khi lng HNO 3
nguyn cht tham gia phn ng l
A. 35,28 gam.
B. 33,48 gam.
C. 12,4 gam.
D. 17,64 gam.
Cu 23: Cho dy cc cht: (NH2)2CO, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaHCO3, ZnCl2, FeCl2, KCl. S
cht trong dy tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d to thnh kt ta sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 24: C 4 dung dch ring bi t: CuSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhng vo mi dung dch
m t thanh Ni. S trng hp xut hi n n mn i n ho l
A. 1
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm CH2=CHCHO v H2. Cho hn hp X vo bnh kn (c bt Ni) nung
nng, c hn hp Y ch c hai hp cht hu c. t chy ht Y thu c 6,72 lt kh CO 2 (
ktc) v 6,30 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca H2 c trong hn hp X l
A. 9,48%.
B. 6,92%.
C. 5,08%.
D. 4,120%.
Cu 26: Cho 7,28 gam bt Fe vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 2M v KNO 3 1M, sau
phn ng thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Dung dch X ha tan
c ti a bao nhiu gam Cu?
A. 0,64.
B. 1,28.
C. 1,92.
D. 1,20.
Cu 27: Cho cn bng: 2SO2 + O2 2SO3. Yu t no sau y khng lm cn bng chuyn
dch theo chiu thun?
A. Nn bnh cho dung tch nh hn.
B. Cho thm V2O5
C. Cho thm O2
D. Lm gim nng SO3
Cu 28: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,77 gam Ni vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp
gm H2SO4 1M v KNO3 0,40M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch
X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch KOH 1M vo dung dch th
lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l:
A. 180.
B. 120.
C. 360.
D. 240.
Cu 29: Trn 21,6 gam bt Al vi m gam hn hp X (gm FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4) c hn
hp Y. Nung Y nhit cao trong iu kin khng c khng kh n khi phn ng hon ton
thu c hn hp cht rn Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt kh.
Nu cho Z tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long, d th thu c 19,04 lt NO (sn phm kh
duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh o ktc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 50,8.
B. 58,6.
C. 46,0.
D. 62,0.
Cu 30: Cho cc cht hu c: axetilen, vinylaxetilen, etilen, fructoz, mantoz, axetanehit,
vinyl axetat, dung dch fomalin. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 to ra
kt ta l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
Cu 31: Cc cht u khng b thu phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long, nng l
A. t capron; nilon-6,6, polietylen

buna
C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren
Cu 32: Cht no sau y khng phi l cht do?
A. poli( metyl metacrylat).
C. Polistiren
B. poli (vinyl axetat); polietilen, cao su

D. polietylen; cao su buna; polistiren
B. poli(vinyl clorua)
D. Poliisopren
(1) Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 c
to
(2) Fe + H2SO4 long
(3) Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4 c
to
(4) Fe3O4 + H2SO4 long
(5) Cu + H2SO4 long + dung dch NaNO

3
(6) FeCO3 + H2SO4 c
to
S phn ng ha hc trong H2SO4 ng vai tr l cht oxi ha l

A. 2.
B. 4
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 11 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong dung dch HCl(d), thu
c 8.96lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc ha tan 5.5 gam X trong dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng
(d) thu c V lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,48
B. 6,72
C. 8,96
D. 5,04
Cu 35: un nng 34,2 gam mantoz trong dung dch cha axit sunfuric long. Trung ha
dung dch thu c sau phn ng bng dung dch NaOH ri cho tc dng hon ton vi dung
dch AgNO3/NH3 d, un nng thu c 37,8 gam Ag. Hiu sut phn ng thy phn
mantoz l
A. 69,27%.
B. 87,50%.
C. 75,00%.
D. 62,50%.
Cu 36: t chy hon ton m1 gam hn hp gm mt ancol v mt ete u thuc loi hp cht
no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v m2 gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia
m1, m2 v V l:
A. m1 = m2 V/11,2.
B. m1 = 2m2 V/11,2.
C. m1 = m2 V/5,6.
D. m2 = m1 V/5,6.
Cu 37: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng?
A. Amophot l hn hp cc mui (NH4)2HPO4 v (NH4)3PO4.
B. Phn m ure tt hn m amoni sunfat.
C. Hm lng phn ln c tnh theo phn trm khi lng iphotpho pentaoxit trong
phn bn.
D. Phn m cung cp nit cho cy trng di dng ion N
,N
Cu 38: Ngi ta d kin iu ch oxi theo cc qu trnh di y:

1) in phn H2O.
2) Phn hy H2O2 vi cht xc tc MnO2.
3) in phn dung dch CuSO4.
4) Chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
5) in phn dung dch NaOH.
6) Nhit phn KClO3 vi xc tc MnO2.
S qu trnh thng p dng iu ch O2 trong phng th nghim l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 2.
Cu 39: Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Thch cao nung (CaSO4.H2O).
B. Thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O).
C. vi (CaCO3).
D. Vi sng (CaO).
Cu 40: Ha tan hon ton 44,85 gam bt Zn bng dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu c
dung dch X v 3,584 lt hn hp kh Y gm hai kh N 2O v N2 c t l mol tng ng l 15:1.
C cn dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
A. 131,12 gam.
B. 130,41 gam.
C. 130,14 gam.
D. 131,21 gam.
Cu 41: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m
kg Al catot v 6,72 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt
( ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 8,1
B. 5,4
C. 7,56
D. 10,8
Cu 42: Cho cc axit sau: (1) axit fomic, (2) axit axetic, (3) axit acrylic, (4) axit oxalic. S
sp xp no ng vi chiu tng dn tnh axt ca cc axit :
A. 1,2,4,3
B. 2,1,3,4
C. 4,1,3,2
D. 2,3,1,4
Cu 43: C bao nhiu nguyn t ha hc c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 4s1.
A. 4
B. 2
C. 3
D. 1
Cu 44: Nung nng tng c p cht trong bnh kn:
(1) Fe + S (r)
(2) Fe2O3 + CO (k)
(3) Au + O2 (k)
(4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r)
(5) Cu + KNO3 (r)
(6) Al + NaCl (r)
(7) Ag +O3
Cc trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho kim loi l :
A. (1), (2),(3), (6)
B. (2), (3), (4)
C. (1),(2),(4), (5),(7) D. (1), (4), (5)(7)
Cu 45 : Khi nh t t n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch hn hp gm a mol HCl v b
mol AlCl3, kt qu th nghim c biu din trn th sau
T l a : b l
A. 4 : 3.
B. 2 : 3.
C. 1 : 1.
D. 2 : 1.
Cu 46: Thy phn ht m gam tetrapeptit AlaAlaAlaAla (mch h) thu c hn hp
gm 28,48 gam Ala, 32 gam AlaAla v 27,72 gam AlaAlaAla. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 111,74
B. 81,54
C. 90,6
D. 66,44
A. Fructoz khng c phn ng trng bc.
B. Dung dch phenylamoni clorua c pH
< 7.
C. Cc ancol a chc ha tan c Cu(OH)2.
D. Benzen lm mt mu thuc tm khi
un nng.
Cu 48: b sung vitamin A cho c th c th n gc v trong qu gc chn c cha
A. caroten.
B. enzim tng hp vitamin A.
C. vitamin A.
D. este ca vitamin A.
Cu 49: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X phn ng ti a vi 0,3 mol H2, thu c 9 gam ancol Y. Mt
khc 2,1 gam X tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c m gam Ag.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 21,6.
B. 16,2.
C. 10,8.
D. 5,4.
Cu 50: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch lng trng trng thy xut hin mu vng.
B. Dung dch lysin lm xanh qu tm.
C. Anilin tc dng vi nc brom to thnh kt ta trng.
D. Dung dch glyxin khng lm i mu qu tm.

----------- HT ----------
C. P N: M 329
1
B
21
C
41
C
2
C
22
A
42
B
3
C
23
D
43
C
4
B
24
D
44
D
5
B
25
C
45
A
6
A
26
D
46
B
S GD & T BC NINH
7
A
27
B
47
B
8
D
28
A
48
A
9
B
29
A
49
C
10
A
30
C
50
A
11
C
31
D
12
D
32
D
13
D
33
C
14
D
34
D
15
B
35
C
16
A
36
C
17
D
37
A
18
B
38
D

Mn: HA HC
M thi 479
Cu 1: Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu sau: 7N; 8O; 14Si; 17Cl; 20Ca. S nguyn t c hai electron
c thn trng thi c bn l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
3+
Cu 2: Mt ion M c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d54s1.
B. [Ar]3d64s2.
C. [Ar]3d64s1.
D. [Ar]3d34s2.
Cu 3: Cho phng trnh ho hc Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O. Tng h s (cc s
nguyn ti gin) ca cc cht trong phng trnh ho hc trn l
A. 9.
B. 11.
C. 18.
D. 20.
Cu 4: Trong cng nghip, amoniac c iu ch t nit v hiro bng phng php tng
hp theo phng trnh ho hc sau: N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k) H <0
Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Cn bng ho hc chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit v gim p sut.
B. Cn bng ho hc chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nhit v tng p sut.
C. Cn bng ho hc chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi thm cht xc tc bt Fe.
D. Khi gim nhit v tng p sut, cn bng ho hc chuyn dch theo chiu tng khi lng mol
hn hp kh.
Cu 5: Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra x mol kh H2;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO3 long, sinh ra y mol kh N2 (sn
phm kh duy nht). Quan h gia x v y l
A. x = 2y.
B. y = 2x.
C. x = 4y.
D. x = 5y.
Cu 6: Cho cc dung dch sau: K2S, HCl, Na2CO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2. S dung dch lm qu tm
ho l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 7: Dy gm cc ion (khng k n s phn li ca nc) cng tn ti trong mt dung dch
l:
A. Ag+, Na+, NO3-, Cl-.
B. Mg2+, K+, SO42-, CO32-.
19
B
39
A
20
B
40
D
C. H+, Fe3+, NO3-, SO42-.

D. Al3+, NH4+, Br-, OH-.
Cu 8: C 4 ng nghim, mi ng ng mt cht kh trong cc cht sau H 2, CO2, HCl, NH3,
chng c p ngc trn cc chu ng nc nh hnh v sau:
Cht kh NH3, HCl ng trong cc ng nghim cc chu l

A. A v B
B. A v C
C. B v C
D. C v D
Cu 9: Cho 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo 200ml dung dch H 3PO4 1M n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Dung dch thu c cha cc cht tan l
A. H3PO4, NaH2PO4.
B. Na3PO4, NaOH.
C. Na3PO4, Na2HPO4.
D. Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4.
Cu 10: tch ring Ag ra khi hn hp Ag, Cu, Ni, Fe dng bt (vn gi nguyn khi
lng ca Ag ban u) th dung dch cn dng l
A. Dung dch FeCl3.
B. Dung dch HNO3 c ngui.
C. Dung dch H2SO4 long.
D. Dung dch HCl.
Cu 11: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Mg v Zn vo dung dch H 2SO4 long d thu c 6,72
lt kh H2 (ktc). Hy cho bit khi cho m gam hn hp X vo 200 ml dung dch cha
Fe2(SO4)3 0,6M v CuSO4 1M thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta.
A. 16,53g
B. 11,52g
C. 11,2g
D. 12,8g
Cu 12: Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl 1,0M vo 200 ml dung dch cha NaHCO 3 v
Na2CO3 thu c 1,12lt CO2 (ktc). Nnng mol/l ca Na2CO3 trong dung dch l
A. 0,50M.
B. 1,25M.
C. 0,75M.
D. 1,50 M.
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 c s mol bng nhau. Cho m gam hn hp X
tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d), thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH long (d), thu c 7,49g kt ta nu . Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,20.
B. 5,20.
C. 12,13.
D. 3,92.
Cu 14: Natripeoxit (Na2O2) khi tc dng vi nc s sinh ra H 2O2 l mt cht oxi ha mnh
c th ty trng c qun o. V vy tng hiu qu ty trng ca bt git ngi ta thng
cho thm vo mt t bt natripeoxit. Vy cch tt nht bo qun bt git l
A. ni rm mt, kh thong, y kn np. B. ni kh thong, khng c np y.
C. ni kh thong, c nh sng mt tri.
D. ni mt m, c hi m.
Cu 15: th no sau y biu din hin tng th nghim khi nh t t dung dch NaOH
n d vo dung dch cha HCl v AlCl3 ?
A. (1).
B. (2).
C. (3).
D. (4).
Cu 16: Nh t t 3V1 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 (dung dch X) vo V1 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 (dung
dch Y) th phn ng va v ta thu c kt ta ln nht l m gam. Nu trn V 2 ml dung dch X
trn vo V1 ml dung dch Y th kt ta thu c c khi lng bng 0,95m gam. T l V2/V1 ln nht l
A. V2/V1 = 3,55
B. V2/V1 = 3,75
C. V2/V1 = 1,18
D. V2/V1 = 3,274
Cu 17: Thi mt lung kh CO (d) i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe 3O4 v CuO
nung nng n phn ng hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c
hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 5 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,21.
B. 3,32.
C. 3,22.
D. 3,12.
Cu 18: Tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
TN1: Sc V lt CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha a mol Ba(OH) 2 th thu c 19,7 gam kt
ta.
TN2: Sc V lt CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha a mol Ba(OH)2 v a mol NaOH th thu
c 39,4 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V v a tng ng l
A. 6,72 lt v 0,1 mol. B. 5,6 lt v 0,2 mol. C. 8,96 lt v 0,3 mol. D. 6,72 lt v 0,2 mol.
Cu 19: Cho bt kim loi M vo dung dch hn hp gm Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3. Sau khi phn
ng kt thc, thu c cht rn X gm M v Ag vi dung dch Y cha 2 mui M(NO 3)2 v
Fe(NO3)2. Kt lun no sau y l ng?
A. Tnh kh theo th t: Fe2+ > M > Ag > Fe3+.
B. Tnh oxi ho theo th t: Ag+ > Fe3+ > M2+ > Fe2+.
C. Tnh oxi ho theo th t: M2+ > Ag+ > Fe3+ > Fe2+.
D. Tnh kh theo th t: M > Ag > Fe2+ > Fe3+.
Cu 20: Nhng bc tranh c c v bi cht bt, phm mu hu c. Khi lu trong khng
kh thng c mu en l do H 2S tc dng vi mui ch trong phm mu to PbS. Cht c
ng khi phc cc bc tranh c l
A. H2O2.
B. O3. C. H2SO4.
D. Na2SO4.
Cu 21: ngn hin tng ma axit c th thc hin cch lm no sau y?
A. Ngn cn hin tng bay hi ca nc t sng ngi, t.
B. Ph tan cc m my ngn cn s ngng t hi nc ca my thnh ma.
C. Loi b cc kh SO2, NO2 t kh thi ca cc nh my.
D. Khng c cch no c th lm gim hin tng ma axit c.
Cu 22: Ly 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO v Fe 2O3 (vi s mol bng nhau) tc dng hon
ton vi dung dch HI d thu c dung dch X. C cn X c cht rn Y. Cho Y tc dng
vi dng dch AgNO3 d c m gam kt ta. Xc nh m?
A. 17,34 gam.
B. 19,88 gam.
C. 14,10 gam.
D. 18,80 gam.
Cu 23: Cho cc pht biu khng ng?
A. Clo c dng dit trng nc trong h thng cung cp nc sch.
B. Lu hunh ioxit dng lm cht ty trng trong sn xut ng ma.

C. Amoni hirocacbonat c dng lm bt n.
D. Ozon trong khng kh l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra s bin i kh hu.
Cu 24: un nng 6,96 gam MnO2 vi dung dch HCl c, d thu c V lt kh Clo ( ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,896.
B. 1,344.
C. 0,672.
D. 1,792.
+
+
22Cu 25: C 500 ml dung d ch X cha Na , NH 4 , CO 3 v SO 4 . Ly 100 ml dung dch
X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl thu 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Ly 100 ml dung dch X
cho tc dng vi l ng d dung dch BaCl 2 thy c 43 gam kt ta. Ly 100 ml dung
dch X tc dng vi l ng d dung dch NaOH thu 4,48 lt kh NH3 (ktc). Tng khi
lng mui c trong 500 ml dung dch X l
A. 14,9 gam.
B. 11,9 gam.
C. 86,2 gam.
D. 119 gam.
Cu 26: Cht no sau y va phn ng c vi dung dch Br 2 trong CCl4, va tc dng
c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac?
A. But-2-in.
B. Propin.
C. Anehit fomic.
D. Glucoz.
Cu 27: Hn hp X gm hai anken c t khi so vi H 2 bng 18,2. Ly hn hp Y cha 6,552 gam X
v 0,4 gam H2. Cho Y vo bnh kn c dung tch V lt ( ktc) c cha Ni xc tc. Nung bnh mt thi
gian sau a v 0oC thy p sut trong bnh bng 13/19 atm. Bit hiu sut phn ng hiro ho ca
cc anken bng nhau v th tch ca bnh khng i. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l
A. 50,00%.
B. 66,67%.
C. 60,00%.
D. 77,77%.
Cu 28: Cht ha tan c Cu(OH)2 nhit phng l
A. HOCH2CH2CH2OH.
B. HOCH2CHOHCH2OH.
C. CH3CHO.
D. C2H5-O-CH3.
Cu 29: Phenol phn ng c vi dung dch no sau y?
A. KCl.
B. NaOH.
C. KHCO3.
D. HCl.
Cu 30: Cho cc cht : (1) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4metylbenzen; (5) 4-metylphenol; (6) -naphtol. Cc cht thu c loi phenol l:
A. (1), (2), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (5), (6). C. (1), (4), (5), (6). D. (1), (2), (4), (6).
Cu 31: Anehit c th tham gia phn ng trng gng v phn ng vi H 2 (Ni, t0). Qua hai
phn ng ny chng t anehit
A. ch th hin tnh kh.
B. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho.
C. th hin c tnh kh v tnh oxi ho.
D. ch th hin tnh oxi ho.
Cu 32: Phn ng no chng minh axit axetic c tnh axit mnh hn tnh axit ca phenol ?
A. C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
B. CH3CHOOH + C6H5ONa CH3COONa + C6H5OH
C. CH3COONa + C6H5OH CH3COOH + C6H5ONa
D. 2CH3COOH + Ca (CH3COO)2Ca + H2
Cu 33: Oxi ha khng hon ton 10 gam mt ancol n chc bc 1 bng CuO nung nng,
th c 14 gam hn hp X gm anehit, nc v ancol d. Cho hn hp X tc dng ht vi
dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH trong NH3 d th khi lng Ag l
A. 86,4 gam
B. 54,0 gam
C. 108,0 gam
D. 27,0 gam
Cu 34: Mt hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v axit
axetic. Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cho 1
t dung dch H2SO4 c vo hn hp v un nng thu c 13,9 gam este. Cc cht phn
ng va v hiu sut gi thit t 100%. Vy 2 ancol l
A. metylic v etylic
B. isopropylic v isobutylic.
C. etylic v isopropylic
D. etylic v propylic
Cu 35: Cng thc tng qut ca este thm n chc cha mt vng benzen X l
A. CnH2n-2O2 (n7).
B. CnH2n-8 O2 (n7).
C. CnH2n-4O4 (n7). D. CnH2n-6O4 (n7).
Cu 36: Cng thc ca tripanmitin l
A. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5.
B. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]5COO)3C3H5.
C. (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5.
D. (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5.
Cu 37: Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, sau khi phn
ng kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng sn phm hu c thu c l 29,7
gam. S ng phn cu to ca X tho mn cc tnh cht trn l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 38: S cng thc cu to ca amin ng vi cng thc phn t C 4H11N khi tc dng vi
HNO2 sinh ra N2 l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 7.
Cu 39: t chy hon ton 0,5 mol hn hp X gm mt amino axit Y (c mt nhm amino)
v mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h Z, thu c 26,88 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 23,4 gam
H2O. Mt khc, 0,45 mol X phn ng va vi dung dch cha m gam HCl. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,95.
B. 6,39.
C. 6,57.
D. 4,38.
Cu 40: Mui X c CTPT l CH 6O3N2. un nng X vi NaOH thu c 1,12 lt kh Y (Y l
hp cht cha C, H, N v c kh nng lm xanh giy qu tm m). Khi lng mui thu c
l:
A. 4,1 gam.
B. 4,25 gam.
C. 3,4 gam.
D. 4,15 gam.
Cu 41: Thu phn hon ton 34,2 gam saccaroz (C 12H22O11), ri cho ton b sn phm thu
c tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 (d, un nng) thu c m gam bc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 43,2.
B. 21,6.
C. 10,8.
D. 32,4.
Cu 42: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz l ng phn cu to ca nhau.
(c) Phn t xenluloz c cu to bi nhiu gc glucozo .
(d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ha tan Cu(OH)2, to phc mu xanh lam.
(e) Khi thy phn hon ton hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch
thu c mt loi monosaccarit duy nht.
(f) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c Ag.
S pht biu ng l
A. 6
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
(1) Polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp hay trng ngng.
(2) Cc polime u khng tc dng vi axit hay baz.
(3) Protein l mt loi polime thin nhin.
(4) Cao su buna-S c cha lu hunh.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 1.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 44: Trong cc polime cho di y, polime no khng phi l polime tng hp?
A. Nilon -6.
B. Xenluloz triaxetat. C. Polistiren.
D. P.V.C.
Cu 45: Cho 21,4 gam hn hp gm phenol v axit axetic tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
0,5M th cn va 600 ml. Phn trm s mol ca phenol trong hn hp l
A. 33,33%.
B. 43,93%.
C. 84,11%.
D. 56,07%.
Cu 46: Cht c nhit si cao nht l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3CHO.
C. C2H5OH.
D. CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 47: Nhm m tt c cc cht u tc dng c vi H 2O (khi c mt cht xc tc trong
iu kin thch hp) l
A. Saccaroz, CH3COOCH3, benzen.
B. C2H4, CH4, C2H2.
C. C2H6, CH3-COO-CH3, tinh bt.
D. Tinh bt, C2H4, C2H2.
Cu 48: Cht va tc dng vi Na, va tc dng vi NaOH l
A. CH3 CH2 - COO-CH3.
B. CH3 CH2 CH2 - COOH.
C. HCOO-CH2 CH2 - CH3.
D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO.
Cu 49: Thy phn hn hp gm 2a mol saccaroz v a mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c
dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng
vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 10,26 gam Ag. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,021 mol.
B. 0,010 mol.
C. 0,008 mol.
D. 0,025 mol.
Cu 50: t a mol X l trieste ca glixerol v axit n chc, mch h thu c b mol CO 2 v c mol
H2O, bit b c = 4a. Hiro ha m gam X cn 6,72 lt H 2 (ktc) thu c 39 gam X. Nu un m gam X
vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaOH sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c khi lng cht rn l
A. 57,2 gam
B. 52,6 gam
C. 53,2 gam
D. 42,6 gam
P N M 479:
1 2 3 4 5 6
B B D D D C
21 22 23 24 25 26
C A D D D B
41 42 43 44 45 46
A C C B A A
7
C
27
B
47
D
S GD & T BC NINH
8
D
28
B
48
B
9
C
29
B
49
B
10
A
30
C
50
B
11
B
31
C
12
C
32
B
13
B
33
C
14
A
34
D
15
A
35
B
16
D
36
C
17
D
37
B
18
D
38
B
19
B
39
C
20
A
40
B

Mn: HA HC
M thi 537
Cu 1. Trong h thng tun hon nhm A no ch cha cc nguyn t kim loi.

A. I, III
B. II, III,
C. II
D. I, II, III
2+
Cu 2. Ion Ba c cu hnh electron
A. [Xe] 6s1
B. [Xe]
C. [Xe] 6s2
D. A, B, C
u sai
Cu 3. Hy ch ra mc nng lng Obital nguyn t vit sai
A. 4s
B. 3p
C. 2d
D. 3d
Cu 4. Cc kim loi him c cu to mang tinh th kiu :
A. Lp phng tm khi
B. Lp phng tm din
C. Lng tr lc gic u.
D. A, B, C u sai.
Cu 5. Tnh dn in ca kim loi c xp theo th t :
A. Ag > Cu > Au
B. Ag > Au > Cu
C. Cu > Ag > Au
D. Au > Ag >Cu
Cu 6. Tnh dn nhit ca kim loi xp theo th t :
A. Al > Ag > Cu
B. Cu > Al > Ag
C. Ag > Al > Cu
D. Ag > Cu > Al
Cu 7. Kim loi c nhit nng chy cao nht.
A. Au
B. Ag
C. W
D. Pb
Cu 8. Hn hp bt gm 1,4 g Fe v 0,24g Mg vo 200ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,15M phn ng
hon ton c m gam phn khng tan. m c gi tr l :
A. 4,4g.
B. 3,3g
C. 2,2g
D. 6,6g
Cu 9. 4,05g Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu V lt N2O kc duy nht. V c tr s :
A. 2,52 lit
B. 1,26 lit
C. 4,48 lit
D. 0,42 lit
Cu 10. Cho phn ng Mg + HNO3 Mg (NO3)2 + N2 + H2O sau khi c cn bng.Tng
s cc h s cn bng.
A. 28
B. 29
C. 27
D. 30
Cu 11. Khi in phn dung dch Na2SO4 trong H2O thu c :
A. Na, H2, S
B. H2SO4
C. Na, S
D. H2 v O2
Cu 12. Khi cho dng in mt chiu I = 2A qua dung dch CuCl 2 trong 10 pht. Khi lng
ng thot ra Catt l :
A. 0,4 gam
B. 0,2 gam
C. 40 gam
D. 4 gam
Cu 13. S chuyn ha ca dy sau :
Cu CuO Cu(OH)2 CuCl2 Cu
c th thc hin bng cch:
A. mi mi tn ch cn mt phn ng.
B. cn b sung thm 2 phn ng.
C. Cn un nng v p sut cao.
D. Cn b sung thm 1 phn ng.
Cu 14. Trong cc loi tinh th, tinh th no dn in v dn nhit iu kin bnh thng.
A. Tinh th phn t
B. Tinh th nguyn t.
C. Tinh th kim loi
D. Tinh th Ion.
Cu 15. Mt tm kim loi bng vng b bm 1 lp Fe b mt ta c th ra lp Fe bng dung
dch no sau y:
A. FeSO4 d.
B. ZnSO4 d.
C. FeCl3 d
D. A, B, C u
c
Cu 16. Ngm 1 l km trong 100ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,1mol/l phn ng kt thc khi
lng l km tng thm bao nhiu gam.
A. 0,755 gam
B. 7,55 gam
C. 0,3775gam
D. 0,891 gam
3+
2+
2+
Cu 17. Cho phn ng :
Cu + Fe Cu + Fe
H s cn bng ca phn ng trn :
A. 1, 1, 1, 1
B. 1, 2, 1, 2
C. 2, 3, 2, 3
D. A, B, C u ng
Cu 18. B tch Ag khi hn hp bt (Ag, Cu, Fe) phi ngm hn hp trong dung dch no
sau y c ly d :
A. HNO3
B. H2SO4 c.
C. FeCl3
D. HCl
Cu 19. 8,64g Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO 3 long cho V lt kh N2O duy nht iu kin
tiu chun. V c tr s :
A. 1,344lit
B. 2,688lit
C. 0,672lit
D. 2,24lit
Cu 20. Hai l Zn v Cu nhng vo dung dch H 2SO4 long khi ni 2 l trn bng mt dy
dn. Khi xy ra s n mn in ha. Chn kt lun ng.
A. l Zn l cc dng, l Cu l cc m.
B. l Zn l cc m, l Cu l cc
dng.
C. L Cu b n mn.
D. Bt kh thot ra t cc Zn
Cu 21. 5g hn hp bt Cu v Al cho vo dung dch HCl d thu 3,36 lt H 2 ktc. Phn trm
Al theo khi lng hn hp u.
A. 27%
B. 51%
C. 64%
D. 54%
Cu 22. in phn mui Clorua kim loi ha tr 2 nng chy. Sau mt thi gian Catt c
2,74 gam kim loi v anot c 448ml kh ktc. Cng thc ca mui kim loi.
A. BaCl2
B. MgCl2
C. CaCl2
D. ZnCl2
Cu 23. Cho ln lt 3,6g Mg ; 2,7g Al ; 8,4 g Fe vo 3 l ng dung dch HCl d. Kh H 2
thot ra ktc c s o ln lt l V1, V2, V3. Chn kt lun ng :
A. V1 = V2 , V2 > V3
B. V1 > V2 , V2 = V3
C. V1 > V2 > V3
D. V1 = V2 = V3
Cu 24. Trong 4 dy di y, dy no ch cha mt kim loi nh cn li l kim loi nng.
A. Na, Al, Hg, Zn, Cu
B. Li, K, Au, Ag, Fe
C. Os, Mg, Cu, Pb
D. Al, Mg, Zn, Ag
Cu 25. Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l phn ng c vi:
1. Halogen
2. Kim 3. Axt
4. Oxit axit
5. Oxi.
6. Nc
7. Hidro.
A. 1,2,3,5,7
B. 1,2,3,5
C. 7, 6, 4, 3
D. 1, 3, 5
Cu 26. Bng phng php in phn ta c th iu ch c nhng kim loi c tinh
khit:
A. 80%
B. di 80%
C. di 90%
D. trn 95%
Cu 27. Bng phng php nhit luyn, ngi ta c th iu ch c nhng kim loi :
A. C tnh kh mnh
B. Mt s kim loi ng trc Al
C. C tnh kh yu v trung bnh
D. A, B, C u ng.
Cu 28. Qu trnh no sau y dng iu ch Fe t FeS2
A. FeS2 Fe2O3 Fe
B. FeS2 FeO Fe
Zn
C. FeS2
Fe
D. A, B, C u ng
Cu 29. 20,6g hn hp bt (Al, Fe, Cu) xi ha hon ton thu 28,6g hn hp ba xt. S mol
xi tham gia phn ng.
A. 0,25mol
B. 0,5 mol
C. 0,75mol
D. 0,125 mol
Cu 30. Cho phng trnh phn ng :
Zn + AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
trong qu trnh phn ng
A. Khi lng Zn tng dn.
B. Khi lng Ag gim dn.
2+
C. Nng ion Zn tng dn.
D. Nng ion Ag+ tng dn.
Cu 31: trung ha 25 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn dng
100ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; N = 14)
A. C3H5N.
B. C2H7N.
C. CH5N.
D. C3H7N.
Cu 32: Cc kh c th cng tn ti trong mt hn hp l
A. NH3 v HCl.
B. H2S v Cl2.
C. Cl2 v O2.
D. HI v O3.
Cu 33: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc
dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut
monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; Cl = 35,5)
A. 2-metylpropan.
B. 2,3-imetylbutan. C. butan.
D. 3-metylpentan.
Cu 34: Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H 2SO4 lm xc
tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp
Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch
T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (Cho: H
= 1; C = 12; O = 16; th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k)
A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.
D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH.
Cu 35: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng
t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l (Cho H = 1; C
= 12; O = 16)
A. 55%.
B. 50%.
C. 62,5%.
D. 75%.
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
Cu 36: Cho cc ion kim loi: Zn , Sn , Ni , Fe , Pb . Th t tnh oxi ho gim dn l
A. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Fe2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+.
B. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+.
C. Zn2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Pb2+.
D. Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Fe2+.
Cu 37: C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca
nhau m phn t ca chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18%? (Cho H = 1; C =
12; O = 16)
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 38: Ch dng Cu(OH)2 c th phn bit c tt c cc dung dch ring bit sau:
A. glucoz, mantoz, glixerin (glixerol), anehit axetic.
B. lng trng trng, glucoz, fructoz, glixerin (glixerol).
C. saccaroz, glixerin (glixerol), anehit axetic, ru (ancol) etylic.
D. glucoz, lng trng trng, glixerin (glixerol), ru (ancol) etylic.
Cu 39: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH2-CH2OH (X); HOCH2-CH2CH2OH (Y);
HOCH2-CHOH-CH2OH (Z); CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 (R); CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (T). Nhng
cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l
A. X, Y, R, T.
B. X, Z, T.
C. Z, R, T.
D. X, Y, Z, T.
Cu 40: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng
thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l (Cho H = 1;
C = 12; O = 16; Fe = 56)
A. FeO; 75%.
B. Fe2O3; 75%.
C. Fe2O3; 65%.
D. Fe3O4; 75%.
Cu 41: Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ru (ancol) X, ch thu c mt anken
duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO 2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc.
C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16)
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Cu 42: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H 2SO4 c, nng n khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong
dung dch Y l
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4.
B. MgSO4.
C. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3.
D. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4.
Cu 43: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn ng
trng hp
A. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3.
B. CH2 =CHCOOCH3.
C. C6H5CH=CH2.
D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
Cu 44: Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon-6,6, t axetat, t capron, t enang,
nhng loi t no thuc loi t nhn to?
A. T tm v t enang.
B. T visco v t nilon-6,6.
C. T nilon-6,6 v t capron.
D. T visco v t axetat.
Cu 45: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp Al v Ba vi s mol bng nhau vo nc c
dung dch A; Cho t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo dung dch A n khi bt u c kt ta thy
dng ht 100ml, th m bng
A. 7,525.
B. 13,7.
C. 9,55
D. 8,2.
Cu 46: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol AlCl 3 v 0,2 mol HCl
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c
lng kt ta trn l ?
A. 0,25.
B. 0,45.
C. 0,05.
D. 0,35.
Cu 47: Thu phn hon ton 89 gam cht bo bng dd NaOH iu ch x phng thu c
9,2 gam glixerol. Bit mui ca axit bo chim 60% khi lng x phng. Tnh khi lng x
phng thu c.
A. 91,8 gam
B. 58,92 gam
C. 55,08 gam
D. 153 gam
Cu 48: Cho kh H2 qua ng s cha a gam Fe2O3 un nng , sau mt thi gian thu c
5,200 gam hn hp rn X . Ho tan X trong dung dch HNO 3 c nng thu c 0,785 mol
kh NO2 ( l sn phm kh duy nht ) . Gi tr a l ?
A. 17,76 gam
B. 11,48 gam
C. 1,148 gam
D. 1,176 gam
Cu 49: Ngm mt l Mg kim loi trong dung dch Cu(NO3)2, sau mt thi gian ngi ta
nhn thy khi lng ca l kim loi tng 1 gam so vi ban u. Khi lng ca Cu kim
loi bm ln b mt ca l kim loi l (gi thit rng ton b Cu b y ra khi mui
bm ht vo l Mg kim loi)
A. 1,20 gam.
B. 1,60 gam.
C. 2,40 gam.
D. 1,28 gam.
Cu 50: Khi trn cc hn hp: H2, O2 (1); NO, O2 (2); CO, N2 (3); NH3, HCl (4) th cc hn
hp c th tch gim ngay iu kin thng l
A. (1), (2).
B. (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D. (2), (4).
P N M 537:
1 2 3 4 5
C
2
1
D
4
1
B
B
2
2
A
4
2
A
C
2
3
D
4
3
A
A
2
4
C
4
4
D
A
2
5
D
4
5
D
D
2
6
D
4
6
B
C
2
7
C
4
7
D
C
2
8
A
4
8
B
D
2
9
A
4
9
B
1
0
B
3
0
C
5
0
D
1
1
D
3
1
C
1
2
A
3
2
C
1
3
D
3
3
B
1
4
C
3
4
A
1
5
C
3
5
C
1
6
A
3
6
B
1
7
B
3
7
B
1
8
C
3
8
D
1
9
B
3
9
B
2
0
B
4
0
B

DE CUONG On Thi THPT Quoc Gia - Nam 2015 - HOA HOC

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PHN MT : CNG N THI THPT QUC GIA

Ht proton mang in d ng (p)

Vy nguyn t gm 3 loi ht c bn: p, n , e.

Cl chim 25% v s lng.

Tnh khi lng ca nguyn t Clo ?

Khi lng nguyn t Clo = 35.

hoc [Ne] 3s23p3

Cu 5: Phn lp s, p, d ln lt y in t (bo ha) khi c s electron l

Cu 10: trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na( Z = 11) l

nhiu loi phn t khc nhau to nn t cc ng v ca hai nguyn t ?

mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l

Cu 20: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn:

Cl . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca

Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li

CHNG 2: BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC

ZY = ZX + 8 (chu k 2,3 hoc 3,4)

III. CNG THC OXIT CAO NHT, HP CHT KH VI HIRO, HIROXIT

D. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.

b) Cc khuynh hng hnh thnh lin kt - Qui tc bt t (Octet)

Nhng iu ni trn l ni dung ca qui tc bt t: Khi tham gia vo lin kt ha hc

Na+ Cl(2/8) (2/8/8)

II. LIN KT ION

- S to thnh cation: cc nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln v c s electron ho

Al, Fe, N, O, H, C, S ln lt l 27, 56, 14, 16, 1, 12, 32.

nh ngha lin kt ion: lin kt ion l lin kt ho hc c to thnh do lc ht tnh in

Tnh cht chung ca cc hp cht ion.

Lin kt thng bn, do c vng xen ph ln v cc nguyn t c th quay t do

Lin kt n lun l lin kt , lin kt i gm 1 v 1 v lin kt ba gm 1 v 2.

b) iu kin to ra lin kt cho nhn:

Lu : - Trong mt hp cht c th c nhiu loi lin kt.

A. HCl, O3, H2S.

B. O2, H2O, NH3.

C. H2O, HF, H2S.

D. HF, Cl2, H2O.

B3. Cp vn dng thp (5 cu)

CHNG 4: PHN NG OXI HO - KH

Cl + 1e Cl1H :Cl cp e chung b lnh v pha Cl, xc nh

2) nh ngha: S oxi ha l in tch ca nguyn t trong phn t nu gi nh rng cp

Trong phn ng trn c s thay i SOH: Cu+2 Cu0 ; H0 H+1

H s qu trnh oxi ha = BSCNN/ s e nhng ; H s qu trnh kh = BSCNN/ s e

N-3 : cht kh ; N+5 : Cht oxi ha u thuc phn t NH4NO3

Mn+7: Cht oxi ha; O-2: Cht kh u thuc mt phn t KMnO4.

Vd2: 2NO2 + 2NaOH

Cl2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br2

N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O B. NH3 + HCl

D. 3NH3 + AlCl3 + 3H2O

Cu 3: Trong phn ng sau Cl2 + KOH

(1) KCl + AgNO

(4) 2H2S + SO2

(5) CaO + H2O

(6) 2FeCl2 + Cl2

A. (2), (3), (4), (6), (8)

Cu 14: Cho phng trnh phn ng Al + HNO

CHNG 5: NHM HALOGEN

- Nhit nng chy, nhit si: tng dn

2MXn (n: Ha tr cao nht ca M)

2NaCl ; 2Fe + 3Cl2

2FeCl3; 2Al + 3Br

2HX (kh hiro halogenua)

c) Tc dng vi H2O: 2F2 + 2H2O

2HCl + 2HClO (axit hipoclorit)

Cl2 + 2MOH t thuong

MCl + MClO + H2O