EF

121

121

EF

???EF?
K

121

EF

K
EFK

??K
??

WK

WW

KW

KW

KW

KW

WW

KWW

KW
KW

KW

KW

KW

121
EF

K
K

K
K

K??

KW

EF

121
EF

{
KW

-1-

121

EF

K10
K20

K112

-2-

121

EF

WJ 1J 1

K

WJ 2J 1
W
drilling
shaping

milling

turning

boring

broaching

grinding

sawing
planning

-3-

121

EF

WJ 3J 1

Castings
KEFforgings

K
Cutting MotionsJ 4J 1

K

KW

K
EK1-1F
{

{ K

K {

-4-

121

EF

[2]WE1-1F

WCutting MotionJ 141

WWorkpiece
K

Ktool

W Feed MotionW241

K K

{
KEF{

Setting the Cutting Depth MotionWJ 341

K K
K
K

KE21F
-5-

E3

E2

KE4

K(1

E5

KWE21F

-6-

EF

121

121

EF

WThe Cutting ProcessJ 51

WChip Formation EFJ 151

{ {

E 1F
K

KE31F

[2] , [14]WE31F
WJ 251

KEF

KContinuous Chip Shear Chip Broken Chip

KE4J 1F

-7-

121

EF

[14]WE4.1F

5 >
32 =

5<
25 =

15Z
19 =

EF
K

E5J 1F
FhA K

KEdFbEf

A = b . h = d . f [mm2]

-8-

121

EF

[14]WE5.1F
WBuilt -Up EdgeJ 61

[14]WE6.1F

KL80

K
K
K

-9-

121
EF

WGenerated HeatJ 71

1FK 850 <

E7 1FK E6
K

[2]KWEK71F

[2]KWEK71F

KK

{
K

- 10 -

121

EF

Cooling and LubricationJ 81

K

K
K
.
K
W

E Mineral OilsF
K

E3 1FKE21F
K

- 11 -

121

EF

L19

L132

25

L170

50

L227

75

L19

L227
L118

25

xL0.4
L76

L151

L0.75

EF

L38

x L0.45

LL11

LL19

KWE11F
[9]
- 12 -

121

EF

HDO -S

GPO S

HDS

GPS

HDS

HDAC

HDAC

HDO - S

HDAC
GPO S

HDS

HDS

HDS

HDS

GPO - S

GPS

GPO S

GPS

HDO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS
HDO NS

GPO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS

GPO
S
HDO S
HDO - S
GPS

HDS

HDAC
HDAC
GPO
HDO S
S
HDO - S

HDO
NS
GPO
NS
GPO
NS
HDO
NS

GPO S
GPS

HDAC
GPO S

HDS

HDS

GPO - S

GPS

GPO
NS
GPO
NS
GPO
NS
GPO
NS

HDO NS
GPO NS
GPON NS
HDO NS

GPO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

[9]WE2J 1F

GPO General purpose mineral oi

GPO General purpose mineral oi

GPO General purpose mineral oil

GPO General purpose mineral oil

HDAC Heavy duty aqueous coolantGPAC General purpose aqueous coolant

stainingJ NS Non

S Staining
- 13 -

121

EF

W
?KE1

KE2

KE3

KE4

KE5

KE6

KE7

KE8

KE9

KE10

E11

E12

E13

KE14

KE15

KE16

WE17

EF
EF

EF

EFK
EFK
- 14 -

(
(
(
(
(

121

EF

E F

EFK

(
(

WE18

K
K850<

250J 150

150>

WE19

K
K
KEF

- 15 -

(
(
(
(

121
EF

E20

- 16 -

121

EF

Cutting Parameters W
WJ 1J 2
KW
J

KJ J

K K

W[m/min] Cutting Speed J 2J 2

K

EF KE2F

FE 2F
KEL

K
K

- 17 -

121

EF

KFinishing

KRoughing
K

(n)
n =1000* V / d

[m/min]VW

[rev/min] n

[mm] Kd
3.14Z

E5J 2FE4-2FE3-2FE2-2FE1-2F
K

WFeed Speed [mm/rev]J 3J 2

K
K

- 18 -

121

EF

KMild steel

E5-2F E4-2F E3-2F E2-2F E1-2F

K

WDepth of Cut [mm] J 4J 2

KK

K
K

- 19 -

121

EF

140

200J 160

0.8

0.2 - 0.4

1.6

0.2 - 0.8

H.S.S
90
125
56
100

3.2

0.2 - 1.6

32 - 80

4.8

0.2 - 1.6

25 - 71

6.4

0.2 - 1.6

25 - 63

220 320
140 250
71 200
63 180
45 140

9.6

0.4 - 2.4

16 - 45

12 .7

0.4 - 3.2

19

0.4 -- 3.2

H.S.S

360J 220
H.S.S

32 - 63

150 200
100 180

20 - 50

63 - 140

10 -- 25

110 140
71 120
45 100

16 - 45

56 - 125

10 -- 25

36 90

16 - 40

36 - 120

8 -- 20

25 80

40 - 90

10 25

32 80

6 -- 16

20 56

10 -- 40

36 - 90

8 -- 25

25 71

4-- 16

32 50

10 -- 25

25 - 55

7 -- 16

20 40

3 -- 8

20 50

56 - 71

25 - 36
16 - 32

WE1-2F
K
[9]K12090

- 20 -

121

EF

160
H.S.S

0.2 - 0.8

63 - 90

1.6

0.2 - 0.8

50 - 80

3.2

0.2 - 1.6

32 - 71

4.8

0.2 - 1.6

32 - 63

6.4

0.2 - 1.6

25 - 63

110
160
100
140
63
140
63
125
56
120

9.6

0.4 - 3.2

20 - 40

12 .7

0.4 - 2.4
0.4 -3.2

19

200J 160

0.8

H.S.S

360J 220
H.S.S

20 32

63
100

16 25

56 90

25 - 45

71
120
63
110

20 - 40

45 - 90

10 25

40 71

16 - 32

36 - 80

9 20

32 71

16 - 32

36 - 71

8 20

25 63

36 80

9 -- 20

32 - 56

5 16

25 45

16 - 40

25 80

8 -- 20

32 - 50

5 -- 10

20 40

10 - 36

20 71

7 -- 20

25 - 45

4 -- 10

20 -32

32 - 50

WE2J 2F

[9]K12090K

H.S.S

H.S.S

H.S.S

o.8

0.1 - 0.4

56 - 90

150 - 250

90 - 150

220 - 400

110
200

280
500

1.6

0.1 - 0.8

32 - 71

100 - 220

56 - 120

140 - 300

71 150

180
400

3.2

0.1 - 1.6

20 - 63

63 - 180

32 - 95

71 - 250

40 120

110
300

6.4

0.1 - 1.6

16 - 45

40 - 140

25 - 80

46 - 180

36 110

71
250

9.6

0.1 - 2.4

9 -- 40

25 - 140

16 - 71

32 - 150

20 90

45
200

- 21 -

121

EF

WE3J 2F

[9]KK12090K

24 - 37

18 - 37

0.3 - 3.8

46 - 107

18 - 46

61 - 91

183 - 549

46

91

0.3 - 3.8

1.3 - 0.38

0.5 - 0.13

0.3 - 2.5

0.25 2.5

1.5

1.5

30 - 46

38 - 61

61 - 122

37 - 61

76 - 152

183 - 549

91

122

0.08 - 0.25

0.08 - 0.25

0.2 - 0.1

0.2 - 0.13

0.1 - 0.25

0.1 - 0.25

0.38

0.25

15 - 23

15 - 27

37 - 61

30 - 37

30 - 61

107 - 152

46

91

0.25 - 2.03

0.25 - 1.5

0.2 - 0.1

0.15 - 0.1

0.25 - 0.76

0.25 1.3

0.25

0.13

60 - 125

18 - 38

43 - 11

20 - 30

61 - 91

549

46

61

Boring

0.13 - 0.5

0.13 - 0.5

0.13 - 0.1

0.13 - 2.5

0.13 - 0.5

0.2 1.5

0.5

0.5

24 - 55

18 - 40

30 -- 11

14 - 20

61 - 91

154 - 549

30

91

0.13 - 0.5

0.25 - 3.3

0.13 - 0.76

0.13 - 0.38

0.25 - 0.76

0.25 1.3

0.13 - 0.76

0.13 0.5

12 -- 30

18 - 30

11 -- 30

12 -- 18

61 - 91

152 - 549

30

61

0.13 - 0.5

0.25 - 3.3

0.13 - 0.76

0.13 - 0.38

0.25 - 0.76

0.25 1.3

0.13 - 0.76

0.5-0.13

( )

Rough turningZ

recessingZ

finish turningZ

CutoffZ

Face millingZ

Periphery millingZ

[9]KWE42F

/ )
(

/ )
(

17

55

0.51

0.25

0.25

168

366

32

21

18

4.75

0.51

0.64

198

1524

241

28

15

6.35

0.41

0.46

213

549

200

33

23

4.75

0.41

0.51

198

671

241

36

63

0.51

0.25

0.25

152

610

32

K[9] WE52F
- 22 -

121

EF

W
KE1

KE2

KE3

KE4

KE5

KE6

KE7

KE8

KE9

KE10

KE11

WE12

EF

KE

EF

KE

E
EFK

EF

KE

- 23 -

121

EF

W
Cutting Tools

WJ 13
{EF {F
W{E

{

E1 3FK
K

- 24 -

121

EF

[2]KWE13F
WJ 23
W

{ W
KKKK{{

W

K

- 25 -

121

EF

E43FE33FE23F

WE23F
[2]K

[9]WE33F

- 26 -

121

EF

[9]WE43F

WTool AnglesJ 33
WE53FK{

[2]WE53F

W{

- 27 -

121

EF

J 8 EF
K20

40

EF

EF

706050
K85

K90J 11

EF

K90J 0

KE53FE33FE13F
WTool Signature J 43

K ISO

WK
ISO2 DIN4972 L 25q k10

W
K

K
K

K25

K
- 28 -

ISO2

DIN4972
L

25q

K10

121

EF

WJ 53
K
K K

200

K
600

K(HSS)

EInserts F

900K
K

K1200
HF

KEKKKK

KE63FE43FE23F

EFE F

[1]KEFEFWE63F
- 29 -

121
EF

1870E63F

K
K

W{

K{
K{

- 30 -

121

EF

8 - 10

7 J 0

6-8

7-9

8 - 12

0 - 12

8 - 10

8 - 10

1045SAE

10 - 14

0 - 14

7-9

7-9

1112SAE

10 - 16

0 - 14

7-9

7-9

1335SAE

8 - 10

0 - 10

7-9

7-9

3135SAE

8 - 10

0-8

7-9

6140SAE

8 - 12

0-5

6-8

7-9
10 J 8

15

14

12 - 14

4-6

8 - 10

8 - 10

12 - 20

0 - 16

12 - 14

12 - 14

0-8

6 - 10

8 - 10

0 - 10

0-2

8 - 12

10 - 12

SAE = Society of automative Engineers

EF

[9]KWE13F

- 31 -

121

EF

Co
V

8
8

1
2
2
1.15
1.15

8
5
5

1
2
2
5

Mo
W Cr
C

AISI
Type

8.5
1.5
4
0.85
5
6
4
1.05
8.75
1.75
4
1
9.5
1.5
4
0.9
9.5
1.5
3.75
1.1

M1
M2
M7
M 33
M 42

18
18
14
12

4
4
4
4

0.75
0.8
0.75
1.5

T1
T5
T8
T 15

[9]KWE23F

- 32 -

121

EF

10 20 10J 0

6 - 10

6 - 10

15 20
5J 8

0-4

6-8

6-8

0-5

6-8

6-8

6-7

0-7

5-8

5-8

1020SAE
SAE

6-7

0-7

5 - 10

5 - 10

6-7

0-7

5-8

5-8

1025

6-7

0 -7

5-8

5-8

6-7

70 -

5 -- 10

EF

5 -- 10

F
6-7

0 -7

5-8

5-8

[9]WE33F

- 33 -

121

EF

97

P10

94

P20

92

P50

10

85

M10

14

78

M20

15

79

M40

30

66

K10

50

45

K20

60

34

K40

[9]KWE43F

8 - 20

8 - 20

8 - 20
8 - 20
7
7
[9]KWE53F

- 34 -

121

EF

100

525

TX - 90

41.5 - 43.5

40 - 45

42 - 45

max 1.5
32.75 34.25
18.25 19.25

1 -- 7

1 -- 7

25 - 30

27 - 32

16 - 21

14 - 19

1.85 - 2.05

2 -- 4

2-4

3 -- 8

2 -- 5

max 0.75

1 -- 3

1 -- 3

max 2

2 -- 5

2 -- 5

0.4 - 0.6

0.3 - 0.7

0.3 - 0.7

0.85 - 1.05

[9]WE63F

- 35 -

121

EF

WTool Wear J 63
W

WJ

WJ

KFlank Wear Land -

K -

KWear Crater -

KE73F

[14]KWE73F

BK{{
0,3 0,25 Cd / CmK 1,6 1,2
- 36 -

121
EF

Cm Cd
K

WTool LifeW73

K480180120906030K

WK
V.Tn = C
W
K[m/ min]V

KT

KZC

Kn

10.60.250.20.5 0.1n
WJ 173
WE1F

L 284 2

L 232 K 10

K60

K30

V10= d n / 12 = (2) (284) / 12 = 149 f/min
V60 = d n / 12 = (2) (232) / 12 = 122 f/min
- 37 -

121

EF

WE1F
n

= C = V2 T2 V1 T1

V1 / V2 = (T2 / T1) n
149 /122 = (60 / 10) n
n = 0.11
1.22 = 6n

C = VTn = 149 (10) 0.11 = 149 (1.288) = 192

V T0.11 = 192
V30 = 192 / (30)0.11 = 192 / 1.455
V30 = 132 fpmin (L)

KL12230
Ln = 12 v / d

= (12)(122)/ (2)

n =233

K = V . Tn . fn1 . d n2

0.8J 0.5Z K

0.4J 0.2Z f

0.80.5n1

0.40.2n2

:E2F

AISI 2340 J
2.035 = VT 0.13 f 0.77 d 0.37
L75Z100

KL0.0125Z0.1

- 38 -

121

EF

20% (1

20% (2

20% (3
20% (4

20%E1
V = 1.2 x 75 = 90 (f / min)
n1 n2
T = K / V f d = 2.035 / 90 (0.0125)0.77 (0.1)0.37
= 2.035 (0.034) (0.426) = 1.56
T = 1.561 / 0.13 = 1.567.7

= 31min
K
20%E2

f = 0.0125 0 1.2 = 0.015 iprELF

T0.13 = 2.035 / 75 (0.015)0.77 (0.1)0.37 = 2.035 / 75 (0.038) ( 0.426)
T = (1.67)7.7 = 31min
K

20E3

d = 1.2 x 0.1 = 0.12 in

T0.13 = 2.035 / 75 (0.0125)0.77 (0.12)0.37 = 2.035 / 75 (0.034) ( 0.456)
T = (1.745)7.7 = 73 min

V = 90 fpm,

20%E4
S = 0.014 ipr, d = 0.12 mm

= K /VSn1d n2 = 2.035/ 90(0.0125)0.77 (0.1)0.37

T0.13 = 2.035 / 90 (0.038) (0.456) =
= 7.5 min T = (1.3)7.7
K

K7.5100
- 39 -

121

EF

W
E1

E2

E3

KE4

E5

E6

s E7

E8

E9

K E10

E11

E12

KE13

E14

KE15

WEFEFE16

EF E

EFE
EFE

EFE

- 40 -

121
EF

WE17

WE

WE

WE

WE

WE18

K(

K??

(
(
(

KE19

KE20

KE21

KE22

KE23

KE24

- 41 -

121
EF

Cutting ForcesW
WJ 1J 4
Fs Fz
KFSN

KE14F

[2]WE14F
W

{ (
K

KE
K

E FixturesFE
K

K,
- 42 -

121

EF

WCalculation of Cutting ForceJ 24

21
Richter, Kronenberg, K

Taylor, Merchant and Kinziele

WKinziele
Fc = b . h . ks
z
ks= ks.1.1 / h = ( 3 5) s

Kb

K1Z1Z Ks.1.1

Kz
K

E14Fzk s.1.1

- 43 -

121

EF

Ks1.1
kp * mm-2

[kp * mm-2]

176

0.17

50

42

199

0.26

52

50

211

0.17

62

60

222

0.14

67

ck 45c,45

213

0.18

77

ck 60c,60

210

0.26

77

16Mn Cr 5

225

0.3

63

18Cr Ni 6

224

0.21

60

34Cr Mo 4

250

0.25

73

42 Cr V 4

174

0.24

94

55 NiCrMoV 6

192

0.24

HB 352

255

0.18

60 - 70

332

0.22

160

0.17

30 - 50

45

205

0.19

Rc 46

95

0.2

hB 200

15J

116

0.25

HB 200

25

65

0.24

78

0.19

65

55NiCrMoV 6

HB80 - 120

0.24
HB30 - 42
10N/mm2 kp/mm2

KWE14F

- 44 -

121

EF

W1J 4

{
W

21.21.1

KEF0.9

KEF 1.5J 1.3

L1251.2J 1.1

WCalculation of Machine Power J 34

Pc = FC. V / 102 . 60 [kw]
Pc
K[ N]FC

K[m / min]

K10260

WEF
Pmotor = Pc /

[kw]
K 0.90.7

WCutting Force Components J 44

FE14F

Fp FaF E24F
KFcFFFa

- 45 -

121

EF

[14]WE24F
W

67% Etangential componentF FC

K K

K %27 Eradial componentF Fp

K

12<
- 46 -

121

EF

EF
KEsteady or follower restF

K %6 Eaxial componentF FF

KK

WFactors affecting the Cutting Force J 54

W
K
K

K{

(
(
(
(
(

- 47 -

(
(

121

EF

W
KE1

E2

E3

K E4

E5

E6

KE7

KE8

KE9

KE10

E11

WE12

KEF

KEFE

EFE

EF E

L 45 st 50 E13

2.4

WK2L2000Ks.1.1
K
K

K0.8Z
- 48 -

(
(
(

EF

121

EF

K
K

K
W

K K

W
K

K
K

K
- 52 -

121

EF

K
K
K

- 53 -

121

EF

DrillingW
E1-5
{
EF EF
K

KEF

KE15F

Drilling E2 5F

Counter BoringK
K

[14]KWE15F

- 54 -

121

EF

[14]WE25F

WE2-5
W

KK

EFE125
K

1Twist Drill

K 0.8 0.1 60
116K

K 140 130 125 120 118

- 55 -

KE

121

EF

KE35F

WShank

WCutting Part

WEFluteF

WMagrin

K1

K1

K2

K2

K4

K3
K5
K6

[2]KWE35F

- 56 -

K3

K4

K5
K6

121
EF

KE45FK

[14]KWE45F

K E1J 5F

- 57 -

121
EF

[2]KWE15F

- 58 -

121
EF

WCounter BoringE35

8EF K
90 75 60 80

K 120

E2 5F KE5 5FK 50 30

[2]KWE55F

- 59 -

121
EF

[2]WE25F

- 60 -

121

EF

WReamingE45

0.04

0.005 K IT 10
K IT 8
K IT 6 0.001

14 6

0.1 0.3K

d = 0.005 . D + 0.1 [mm]WK

E3J 5F KE6 5F
K

J
J
[5]KWE65F

- 61 -

121
EF

[2]KWE35F
- 62 -

121
EF

WE5-5

KE4.5FK

[2]WE45F

- 63 -

121

EF

WE6J 5
E7 5FE6 5FE 5 5F
K

J 100
150

J 30
60

30J 12

40J 30

0.60.1

0.1
0.6

0.60.1

0.40.1

st
60

[2]WE55F

50
70

0.2 -- 0.4

>
200
0.4 -0.7

0.3 -- 0.6

0.5 -- 1

6 10

8 -- 15

<
200
0.3 -0.5
0.4 -0.8

100>

100<

0.3 -- 0.5

0.2 -- 0.4

25 40

0.4 -- 0.8

0.2 -- 0.3

40 60

6 -- 12
8 -- 12
6 10
[2]

WEJ 65F

- 64 -

121

EF

<
200

0.63 0.8
0.25 -0.4
0.8 - 0.9 0.4 - 0.5
0.9
0.50.56
0.9 - 0.1 0.56 0.71
0.71 -0.8
1 - 1.12
1.12
0.8 -- 0.9
1.12 1.25
0.9 - 1
1.25
1 - 1.1
1.25 -1.4
1.1 - 1.25
1.4
1.25 1.4
> 1.4

> 1.4

12 20

7 -- 10

70<

70>

0.63 - 0.8
0.8 - 0.9
0.9
0.9 - 1

0.11 - 0.18
0.18 - 0.22
0.22 - 0.25
0.25 - 0.31

0.25 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.5
0.5 - 0.56
0.56 - 0.71

5
58
8 10
10 15

1 - 1.12
1.12-.25

0.31 - 0.35
0.35 - 0.4

0.71 - 0.8
0.8 - 0.9

15 20
20 25

1.25
1.25

0.4 - 0.45
0.45 - 0.5

0.9 - 1
1 - 1.1

25 30
30 - 40

1.25- 1.4
1.4

0.5 - 0.56
0.56 - 0.63

1.1 - 1.24
1.25 - 1.4

40 50
50 60

> 1.4

> 0.63

> 1.4

60<

200>

12 -- 14
3 -- 5
[9]

6 -- 12

WEJ 65F

- 65 -

121

EF

ELFK
63
50
40 31.5
0.63 0.63 0.56 0.56

25
0.5

20
0.5

16 12.5
0.45 0.45

10
0.4

8
0.4

6.3
5
0.36 0.36

0.18
1.4
0.36
0.32
0.25
0.63
0.18
1.4
0.36
0.32
0.22
0.5
0.18
1.4
0.32
0.32

0.16
1.25
0.32
0.28
0.22
0.63
0.16
1.4
0.32
0.28
0.22
0.45
0.16
1.4
0.32
0.28

0.14
1.1
0.32
0.25
0.22
0.56
0.14
1.25
0.32
0.25
0.2
0.45
0.14
1.25
0.28
0.25

0.12
1
0.28
0.22
0.2
0.56
0.12
1.25
0.28
0.22
0.2
0.4
0.12
1.25
0.28
0.22

0.11
0.9

0.1
0.8

0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05

0.71 0.63 0.56 0.5 0.45 0.4

0.2
0.18
0.5
0.11
1.12
0.28
0.2
0.18
0.4
0.11
1.12
0.25
0.2

0.18
0.16
0.5
0.1
1.12

0.16
0.14
0.45
0.09
1

0.14
0.12
0.45 0.4 0.4 0.36 0.36
0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05
1
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

0.18
0.16
0.36
0.1
1.12
0.25
0.18

0.16
0.14
0.36
0.09
1

0.14
0.12
0.32 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.25
0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05
1
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

0.32
0.5
0.18
1.4
0.36
0.4
0.25

0.22
0.45
0.16
1.4
0.32
0.36
0.22

0.2
0.45
0.14
1.25
0.32
0.32
0.22

0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12

0.4 0.4 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.25
0.12 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05
1.25 1.2 1.12
1
1
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8
0.28
0.28 0.25 0.22 0.2 0.18
0.2 0.2 0.18 0.18 0.16

0.16 0.14

[9]WE7J 5F

m/min
22.4
12.5 10
8 - 6.3
31.5
40
50
31.5
25 - 20
14
50
63
71
80 - 63
50 28
25
14012
80 - 63
140125
20 - 16
12.5-10
12.5-10
20
25
31.5

st 60

22

WE7J 5

{ {

F E8 5F K

KE

- 66 -

121

EF

[1]KUpright drillWE75F

K4speed pole changing motor

Off/forward/ reverse switch

Speed control switch

KHand feed lever

Morse taper spindle Spindle head

Work table

Table slides Column

Base Table elevating handle

Table elevating screw

- 67 -

121

EF

Column

Work table

E8 5F K

[9]WJ 8J 5

- 68 -

121
EF

8K

8 5KK
KK

- 69 -

121

EF

[9]KWE-85F
- 70 -

121

EF

WE85
W
in [N]
F = (f . D / 2) . ks
W

KEdF2LD
k

KELF

z h

K s.1.1

K55E1.4F

KKh = (f / 2) sin h
in [kW]
in [kW]

W
Pc = (f . D2 / 8) ks . (n / 97400)

Pmotor = Pc /
WCutting TimeE9J 5
W

tc = L / n . f
WE9J 5FK L
L = lx + lb + lwp + la
ELF f
ELF n
lx = (D / 2 . tan / 2) lx

[2]KWE95F

- 71 -

121

EF

W
K (1

K (2
(3
(4
K (5
(6
K (7
(8
K (9
(10
K (11
(12
(13
K( 14
K (15
K (16
(17

42012 (18
K2L

L1000{116ZL0.22
K0.9Z

- 72 -

121

EF

KL1500ZJ
KL0.4ZJ

K5ZJ

KJ

W( 19

K35ZJ

- 73 -

16ZJ

5ZJ

120ZJ

121

EF

Turning W
WE1-6

K ??
KSymmetrical Workpieces

W
K E16FK

EFacingF

ETurningF

[2]WE1J 6

- 74 -

121

EF

WTypes of Turning ProcessesE26

K
KE26F

[2]WE2J 6F

WTypes of Lathe Machines E36

W

KW

KW

KW
- 75 -

121
EF

Center Lathe
K

Facing Lathe
K
K

Copying Lathe
F

E F Capstan Lathe EF Turret Lathe

K K

F Special Lathes
KE
KK

Vertical Lathe
K

KEF

K
- 76 -

121

EF

KE36F

[9] J

[9]J
- 77 -

121
EF

[9]J
K

J
[9]KWE36F
K

K
- 78 -

121

EF

WComponents of the LatheE4J 6

E46F
K

[2]KWE46F

KBed J
K

head Stock J
K

K Tail Stock E F J
K

KSpindle J

KLead ScrewEF J
KWFeed Shaft J
- 79 -

121
EF

K J

Carriage J
K

K Bed Slide WaysEF J

K

Cross Slide J
K

Upper Slide J
K

KKTool Box J
K

- 80 -

121
EF

WE5J 6
K
E5 6FK

KE66FK

[5]KWE56F

[5] WE66F
- 81 -

121

EF

WFixturesE6J 6

WK

WChuck J

K 100 >

WChuck and Center J

K 100 <

WThe Face Plate J

WTwo Centers J

K Lathe Carier or Dog

WThe Clamp Chuck or Collet J

K12>

WSteady or Follower Rest J

E12<F

K J

- 82 -

121

EF

KE76F

EF

EF
- 83 -

121

EF

[5]KWE76F
WE76
HHH =
KH

W
tc = L / n .f
minutes
nFK
tc

WL K
L = lb + lwp + la

Kla

lwp

lb

KE86F

KWE86F

- 84 -

121

EF

E8J 6

K

{
K

{{F KE
W { - 85 -

121

EF

{ F
E

F
KE

F
ECNC

F
E

K -

K F -

{
KE

K -

K -

E F K

K K -

K - 86 -

121

EF

WE9-6

WE196

EMild SteelF st 50

K10E96F

KWE96F

K J
K

K8540 J

K100>{ J

KEHHF{ J

WE106F J

- 87 -

121

EF

E1F

E2F

E3F

E4F

E5F

KWE106F

WJ

KE2FE1F

KE4FE3F

KE5F

KE F

WJ

KL20ZV{L2Zf{2.5ZdE1F

n =1000.V / 3.14 . D
40=159.3 [R /min]14 ..n = 1000 . 20 / 3
KE1FE2F

KEnF{L20ZV

K????L20ZV

L2Zf 1Zd E3F

L2Zf

9.5 Zd E4F

K???L28ZV L0.063Z f 0.5 Zd E5F

KPmaxJ

K
- 88 -

121

EF

KE4FK

W
Fc = b. h. Ks
z
Ks= Ks.1.1 / h
Fc = d. f. Ks
0.26
Ks= 199 / 2 = 5276 [N.mm2]
Fc = 9.5 . 2 . 199 / 20.26 = 13287.2 [ N]
Pmax = Fc . V / 60 . 102

Pmax = (13287.2)/ 6120 = 2.171 [kW]

0.8

tc = L / n . f

WPmotor
Pmotor = Pmax / = 2.171 / 0.8 = 2.71 [kW]
_

2030Z3Z
L = lb + lwp + la
= 3 + 30+ 0 = 33 mm
n = 1000 . 20 / 3.14 . 30 = 212 [r / min]
tc = 33 / 212 . 2 = 33 / 424 = 0.07 [ min]
WJ

K
WTaper TurningE296

W {

WE

KE116F
- 89 -

121

EF

[5]KWE116F

=Dd/2L
W (

KE126F

KWE126F

- 90 -

121

EF

10ZK

K750500

KEF
K

KE136F

[5]KWE136F
W

E14 6F K

- 91 -

121
EF

WEJ 146F
[5]K

235W

K6

WEJ 146F
AC = 235 . tan 6 = 235 . 0.0523 = 12.3 mm
20F 20:1
WE1
11.75Z20L235Z

5.88Z2L11.75Z
WScrew TurningE396

KE156F
- 92 -

121

EF

[2]WE156F

FE6FE7F

KEFE4FE

EFE3F

E8FK

EZ2 FEZ1F

WE8F

E2FLE1F
E1FLE 2 FZ
L1Z2L1

6Z3Z

2L1Z6L3Z2L1

E1F

KE16 6F

- 93 -

121

EF

[2]KWE16 6F

- 94 -

121

EF

W
K( 1

K( 2

K( 3
K( 4

W( 5

KJ KJ
KJ

KJ

KJ

KJ

KJ

W(
KJ

KJ

KJ

KE

KJ

KJ

K (6
( 7
(8
(9
(10
K( 11
(12
- 95 -

121

EF

(13

W( 14

K100>J

WE

K100>J

K100<J

WE

J J K100<J

K12>

WE

KJ 100>J 12>J

(15

(16

(17

(18

(19
(20
(21
(22
(23
(24
(25
WE1F (26

- 96 -

121

EF

(27

K (28
W (29

K5250E30

KE31

WE32
60ZJ

L0.4ZJ

K4ZJ

KL25ZJ

K20J

K0.8ZJ

- 97 -

121

EF

Milling W
WE1J 7
K

K E F

EPeripheral milling F

E1 7FKE Face millingF

[14]KWE17F
Lfz

b
ae

- 98 -

121

EF

WMilling Applications E27

KE27FK

[2]KWE27F

WMilling MachinesE37
W
KE37FK

- 99 -

121
EF

[14]KWE37F

7FK

KE4
K

- 100 -

121

EF

[9]WE47F

Bed Cross Saddle

Vertical Saddle

Crossrail Spindle Carrier Work Surface

- 101 -

121
EF

WMilling Cutters E4J 7

K
W

WJ

WJ
KWJ

K{{{ WJ

K{{WJ

KE57F

- 102 -

121

EF

[4]KWE57F

E5J 7

KEF
W
ft = fz . z. n
- 103 -

121
EF

KELF

KELFEF{

KEKF

ft

E1 7F
K

[2]KWE17F
- 104 -

121
EF

WE6-7
EF
K

K
L = lb + lwp + la[mm]

KE67F

KWE67F

WE77
W

K K
K

- 105 -

121

EF

WE177

KEK7.7FEK7.7F

Conventional EK7.7F
[14]Climb MillingWEK7.7F
Milling

K K

W
Ftotal = Fc . zie
zie = z. s / 360
Cos s = 1 2d / D
W
K

ie

K
K
- 106 -

121

EF

KE87F

KWE87F
Cos s = ((D / 2 d) / (D / 2) = 1 2d / D
zie / z = s / 360
zie = (z . s ) / 360
W
Fc = b . hm . ks
ks = ks.1.1 / hm
Hm = (114.6 / s) . fz . (d / D)
KEF hmW

KK

E277

KK

K{
Wu
u = 0.05 d
d
d
EF

EF

- 107 -

121

EF

D= 1.33 . b

d =1.66 . b
KE97F

[14]KWE97F

WE1277

K

hm
KE107FK

KWE107F

W
hm = (57.3 / s) . fz . sin ( cos 1 cos 2)
- 108 -

121

EF

s = 2 1
cos 1 = 2 B1 / D
cos 2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z . s / 360

zie

K[]

K
K

WE1J 8F
E 50 Kp/mmF ST 50
KE117FK3

H.s.s.

50Z

8Zz

Z12

80ZD

= 90

E1J 8FWE11J 7F

- 109 -

121

EF

{d{{
KL0.1ZELFfz

KL25ZEFV

0.26Zz
199ZKs.1.1
[kW] Pc = Ftotal . V / 102 . 60
Ftotal = Fc . zie
zie = z . s / 360
Cos s = 1 2 d / D
= 1 (2 . 3 / 80)

= 1 (6 / 80)

= 80 (6 / 80)

= 74 / 80

= 0.925

s = 22 20 = 22.33

zie = (8 . 22.33) / 360 = 0.497

Fc = b . hm . ks
hm = (114.6 / 22.33) . 0.1. (3 / 80) = 0.0193 mm
ks = ks.1.1 / hz = 199 / 0.01930.26 = 5600 N . mm2
Fc = 50 . 0.0193 . 5600 =540.4 N
Ftotal = 540.4 . 0.497 = 268.6 N
Pc = 268.6 . 25 / 6120 = 1.1 kW

- 110 -

121

EF

WSpur Gear E87

(Dividing Head) K
W

WE127F

[5]WE127F

{ 40E5FE4FW

E13F K E2F E3F

E7F{K

171615FKE86F
KE493743413937FE333129272321FE201918

{E F
- 111 -

121
EF

KEF 40

E10FE11FK

E12FK

K18
18L 4 2Z 18L 40Z

{
K 18

W1

{ 40 18
K1818

W2

E 12 F 12L4

Z 12L 4Z 27L 9K 9 27 12
K3L1

W3

K 59L40K 59

KDifferential Dividing Head

E Z1 , Z2, Z3, Z , Z4F

K
- 112 -

121
EF

KE137F

[5]KWE137F

- 113 -

121

EF

W
KE1

E2

E3

WE4

WE

J J J
J

WE

J
J

WE

WE
J

KJ

E5

E6

EF

WE7

KJ

EF

EF

EF

EF

KJ

KJ

KJ

KJ

E8

E9

- 114 -

121

EF

E10

E11
K

KE12

E13

KE14

E15

KE16

KE17

KE18

E19

E20

E21

E22

4 L 600E23

K 75 12

K10545

0.8

K8

KE24

KE25

KK24E26

KE27
- 115 -

121
EF

GrindingW

E1-8
K
K

E 0.03 J 0.002F

\ 0.12 J 0.02FEF

KE

KE18FK

[5]KWE18F

WE2-8
W

W{ J
Em4J 1F{Em8J 4F

KEm1J 0.25F J

K{ J
- 116 -

121

EF

KEF J
K J

J
K

K J

KE2 8F

[5]WE2 8F

- 117 -

121

EF

E3 8F

[5]WE38F

E F E 4 8F
K

[2]WE48F

- 118 -

121

EF

WGrinding Machines E38

KE5 8F

[14]KWE58F

KEF

WEFJ

K
K

WJ

WJ

WJ

KEFWJ
K

- 119 -

WJ

WWheel GuardJ

121

EF

KE88FE78FE68F

[9]KWE68F

[5]KWE78F
- 120 -

121
EF

[9]KWE88F

- 121 -

121

EF

WGrinding WheelsE4J 8

KVoidsK

K
K

WWheel SymbolE148

A 46
k
5
v
KEC AFEAF

180 J 80 60J 30 24 J 8FE 46F

KE3FKE600J 200

Z U - Y E - T A - D FE kF
KE

KE15J 98J 1FE5F

KEvF
W

Vertified

- 122 -

Resinoid

Rubber

V
B

Shellac

Magnesia

Mg

Sillicate

121

EF

Wheel ShapesE248

K E98F

[1]KWE98F
WWheel SelectionE58

K
K

K
K

K
K

K
- 123 -

121

EF

E6J 8
E18F K

/
35
20
25

/
8
8
8

/ /
30
25
25
25
25
20

/
15
25 Vitrified

1525 Vitrified H.s.s

up to

45 Organic

15 Vitrified

25 Vitrified

30 Vitrified

- 124 -

121

EF

/ x

0.2 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.6 0. 5
0.7
0.7 0.84
0.2 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.25 0.4
0.3
0.5
0.4

KWE18F

WE7J 8

EF

K
[mm] L = lb + lwp + la
KE108F

KWE108F

- 125 -

121

EF

WSafety Rules in GrindingE8J 8

W
K

KELF
KEF

KE
KE

KEFE

KE
KE
KE

E
K

E
K

KE

KE

K J

KE

- 126 -

121

EF

E
F

KE

KE

KE
K E
K

KKE

KE
J K
K

K??

- 127 -

121

EF

W
K .a

K .b
.c
.d
.e
.f
.g
.h
K .i
K

.j

K .k
K

.l

K .m
K .n
K .o

- 128 -

121

EF

W
Nontraditional Machining Processes

1940K
WK
KEF J
K J

K J
KPlasma Arc MachiningE1.9

KL6K1001
K

KE1.9FK

[14]WE1.9F
- 129 -

121
EF

EF

K
K

30000

K
K

WLaser Beam MachiningE2.9

KK

KE1.2.9FKEF

[14]WE1.2.9F

K1K10
- 130 -

121

EF

KL90L6K

KE2.2.9F

[14]WE2.2.9F

KEF

KK

EE3.2.9FF

[14]WE3.2.9F
- 131 -

121
EF

WWater Jet MachiningE3.9

40000.50.1

LK8LK4K1001

K
KE1.3.9F

[9]KWE1.3.9F

- 132 -

121
EF

WElectro Discharge MachiningE4.9

E1.4.9KK

[14]KWE1.4.9

KE2.4.9FK

- 133 -

121
EF

[14]WE2.4.9F

500000200
EF KK1KK3

KE

K12000

E3.4.9F
K

- 134 -

121

EF

[14]KWE3.4.9F

KKK3K1

KK7
K

KE5.4.9F

[14]KWE5.4.9F
- 135 -

121

EF

Electrochemical MachiningE5.9

KE1.5.9FK

[9]WE1.5.9F

E305FE4000050F

EFEFEF

K
K

K
KEK8KK3F

J J

J J

60

KL240

K
K

- 136 -

121

EF

KE2.5.9F
KK

[9]KWE2.5.9F

KE3.5.9F
K

[9]KWE3.5.9F

- 137 -

121

EF

Electron Beam MachiningE6.9

KE1.6.9F

[9]KWE1.6.9F

EKK5F

K
K

12000

- 138 -

121
EF

KKKK51KK1 J

K6.3 J

- K

K J

- 139 -

121
EF

E10
WE1.10

K
K

KEF

KE NCNumerical Control F

K

CNC - K

KComputer Numerical Control

- 140 -

121

EF

WE2.10
W

KJ K J

EFJ

KJ

KJ

WE3.10
W

TfS{NF J
E

K J

M03FM J
M05M07

EEFM10 M60
- 141 -

121

EF

G01FG J

G97G02
EEF
N10 G96 S200 F0.2 T01

N10

G96

L200 S200
KL0.2F0.2

K1 T01

WE4.10
K

KE1FK

KE3FE2FE1F

KE6FE5FE4F

- 142 -

121

EF

[12]WE1F

KE3FKClosed Loop System

KE4FKK

[12]WE4F

- 143 -

121

EF

[12]WE3F

KWE4F

K
K

[9]WE4F

- 144 -

121

EF

W
?KE1

K??

KE2

K J

K J

K J

KE3

Cutting motion

WWorkpiece

tool

Feed Motion

K
- 145 -

121
EF

Setting the Cutting Depth Motion

KK
K

KE4

KE5

- 146 -

121

EF

KE6

KE7

KE8

KE9

- 147 -

121

EF

KE10

EFK

K
K

K
K

WE31F

E11

5<

EF

L15<

L155

5>15Z

- 148 -

121

EF

E12

E)
K

E13
W
K J

KE14

KE15

L80
K

KE16

K J
K

- 149 -

121

EF

WE17
EF
EF

EF

EFK

EF

EF
EF

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

WE18

800<

250J 150

150>

WE19

KE

KE

- 150 -

121
EF

KE

KK

- 151 -

121
EF

KE1

KW

K
K

KE2

E3

2FEFKE2F

FE

KEL

E4

K
- 152 -

121

EF

E5

Finishing

Roughing

K

K

E6

N=1000 V / d

[m/min]VW

rev/min N

[mm] Kd

E7

- 153 -

121

EF

( 8

KMild steel

E9

K
K

E10

- 154 -

121

EF

( 11

KK

E12

KE
EF

E
E

{E
EF

- 155 -

KE
EF

121

EF

E1

KJ

E2

KE3

E4

{

- 156 -

121

EF

E5
KJ

E6

KJ

s E7

KJ

E8

E9

KJ

KE10

- 157 -

121

EF

E11

??

KE13

KE14
ISO 2 DIN 4972 L 25 q k 10

KISO 2

DIN 4972

2525 q

K 10

KE15

J J

KE16

- 158 -

121

EF

EF

EF

E17

KE

KE

EF

K E

EF

E18

E19

K
1200

- 159 -

121

EF

W??

KE20

KJ

KE21
K J
K J

K J

WE22

WE23

KE24

EF

KE25

KEF
- 160 -

121

EF

W
KE1

FsFz

KFSN

E2

KJ
KJ

EFixturesFJ

E3

K
K

- 161 -

121

EF

KE4

WKinziele
Fc = b . h . ks
z
FKs= ks.1.1 / h = ( 3 5 s
h

1Z1Z Ks.1.1
E5

K67Etangential componentFFt
K27Eradial componentFFr

K6Eaxial componentFFa
E6

KE7

KE8

KE9

KE10

E11

Pc = Ft . V / 102 . 60 [kw]
[ N]
- 162 -

Ft

Pc

[m / min]

121

EF

K10260

EFK

W
Pmotor = Pc /

[kw]
K0.90.7

WE12

EF

EF

EF

EF

KE

KE

L45st 50E13
2L200Ks.1.1K222.4
KE

WK

0.8ZE

F = b . h . k s = A . Ks
A = b. h , b = d = 2 mm
2.4 = 2 . h
h = 2.4 / 2 = 1.2 mm
Ks = ks.1.1 / hn , n = 0.26
Ks = 200 / 1.20.26
= 190.7 kp/ mm2
F = 2.4mm2 . 190.7 kp / mm2 = 457.7 kp
P = F . V / 6120 = 457.7 . 45 / 6120 = 3.4 k
Pmotor = P / = 3.4 / 0.8 = 4.2 kW

- 163 -

121

EF

W
KE1

EFEF
K

EFE2
J

E3

K J

(4

J J

K (5

E4FEFE1FE3F

KE2F
K

KWE15F
- 164 -

121

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(6

K J

J
K

K (7
KK1

KK1

KK2

KK2

KK3

KK

K3

KK4

KK4

KK5

KK5

KK6

KK6

KWE35F

(8
K J

K J

K J

J J J J

- 165 -

K( 9
J

121

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E10

KJ
KJ

KE11
J

K J

(12

KIT 60.001

(13
J

J
K( 14
J
J

K (15

- 166 -

121

EF

K (16
K

(17

L42012 (18

L0.22K2

L1000{116Z

K0.9Z

in [kp]
= ( 0.22 . 12 / 2) . Ks
ks = 1.25 (ks turning)
Ks turning = ks.1.1 / hz
h = (f / 2) sin
h = (0.22 / 2) . sin 116
h = 0.11 . 0.8988 = 0.1
ksturning = 1750 / 0.10.17
= 123.6 [kp]
ks Drilling = 1.25 . 123.6 = 154.5 [kp / mm2]
F = (0.22 . 6) 1545 = 2039.33 [kp]
in [kW]
Pc = (f . D2 / 8) ks . (n / 97400)
= (0.22 . 144 / 8) 154.5 ( 1000 / 97400)
= 3.96 x154.5 x 0.01 = 6.3 kW
in [kW]
Pmotor = Pc /
= 6.3 / 0.9 = 7
kW
- 167 -

F = (f x D / 2) . ks

121

EF

ZJ

W( 19

K35ZJ

KL0.4ZJ

KJ

K5ZJ

L1500

K16ZJ

K5ZJ
120ZJ

tc = L / n x f
L = lx + lb + lwp + la
lx = {(D / 2) . tan / 2}
= {(16 / 2) . tan 120 /2) = (8 .1.732) = 13.85 mm
L = 13.85 + 5 + 35 + 5 = 58.85 mm
tc = 58.85 / 1500 x 0.4 = 58.85 / 600 = 0.1 min

- 168 -

121

EF

W
K( 2

E2FE1F

E5FKE4FE3F
K

( 3

J J
KJ

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WKEF

- 169 -

K( 5
J

KJ

121

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W( 6

WE

J J

J
W

J J

J J

J J

KK( 7
J J

J J

J J

( 8

- 170 -

121

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(9

(10

KK
K
K

(11

K( 12

K (20
K (21
K (22

K (23

(13

KJ

KJ

(14
KJ

KJ

KJ

KJ

- 171 -

121

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W( 15

K100>J

WE

100>J 100<

J 100>J

WE
100<J

12>J

WE

12>J

E15

E16

E17
K9

(19

HHZ

HH
K

- 172 -

121

EF

(20
W

J J

KJ

KJ

(21

tc = L / n x f
minutes
f

tc

L KL

HHZL
K

L = lb + lwp + la

(22

(23

- 173 -

121

EF

{{F E

W { E{F
F
KE

F
KECNC

F
KE

K -

K -

F -

{
KE

K -

K -

KEF K

- 174 -

121

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K -

K K

(24

W -

E{F
F
KE

F
KECNC

F
E

- 175 -

(25

121

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(26

K K -

K -

K -

K( 27
K K -

K -

KKK -

- 176 -

121

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W( 28

Tan = D d / 2 L
= 37 30 / 2 x 40 = 7 / 80 = 0.0875

= 5
5250E31
AC = 250 . sin 5 = 250 .0.0871 = 21.775 mm

E32

E33
60ZJ

4ZJ

L0.4ZJ L25ZJ
- 177 -

121
EF

0.8ZJ 20J
F = b . h . ks = d .f. Ks
, h = f = 0.4 mm
b = d = 2 mm
Ks = ks.1.1 / hn
, kx.1.1 = 1160 N / mm2 , n = 0.25
= 1458.6 N / mm2
Ks = 1160 / 0.40.25
F = 2mm . 0.4mm . 1458.6 N / mm2 = 1166.9 N
P = F . V / 6120 = 1166.9 . 25 / 6120 = 4.76 kW
Pmotor = P / = 4.76 / 0.8 = 5.95 kW

- 178 -

121

EF

KE1

KEF

EPrepherial Milling F

KE1.7FKEFace MillingF

E2

K K

E3

KJ

KJ

K J

KJ

KJ KJ

- 179 -

121

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E4

WE

KJ KJ

J J

K J

WE

KJ

KJ

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KJ

KJ

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- 180 -

121

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{{J

EF

KJ

KJ

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EF

WE7

EF

EF

KJ

J
J

E8
ft = f z . z . n

EFK

ft

E9

E10
K

E11
K

- 181 -

121

EF

KE12

EF

K
[mm] L = lb + lwp + la

E13
J

KE14
-

E15

KE16
zie = z. s / 360
Cos s = 1 2d / D
- 182 -

121

EF

Kzie

Kz
Ks
Kd

KD

Hm = (114.6 / s) . fz . (d / D)

hm
s
d

fz

KE18

E19
K

- 183 -

121

EF

E20

Wu
u = 0.05 . d
d
d
EF

d= 1.33 . b

EF
D=1.66 . b

E21
s = 2 1

cos 1 = 2 B1 / D
cos 2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z . s / 360
W

zie
K z
D

E22

W
hm = (57.3 / s) . fz . sin ( cos 1 cos 2)
s = 2 1
cos 1 = 2 B1 / D
- 184 -

121

EF

cos 2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z. s / 360
W

zie
K z

42L600E23
K7512

K10545

0.75

K8

W {d{{
KL0.1ZELFsz

0.26Zz
2L1990ZKs.1.1
Pc = Ftotal . V / 102 . 60 [kW]
Ftotal = Fc . zie
zie = z. s / 360
Cos s = 1 2 d / D
= 1 2 x 4 / 75
= 1 8 / 75
= 75 8 / 75
= 67 / 75
= 0.89
s = 27 40 = 27.66

KL25ZEFV

- 185 -

121

EF

zie = (12 . 27.66) / 360 = 0.922

Fc = b . hm . ks
hm = (114.6 / 27.66) . 0.1. (4 / 75) = 0.022 mm
ks = ks.1.1 / hz = 1990 / 0.0220.26 = 536.2 kp . mm2
Fc = 45 . 0.022 . 536.2 = 530.9 kp
Ftotal = 530.9 . 0.922 = 489.5 kp
Pc = 489.5 . 25 / 6120 = 1.9

kW
LZ

fz . z . nZft

n = 1000 . V / 3.14 . D

= 1000 . 25 / 3.14 . 75 = 106.2 r p m

mm /min
ft = 0.1 . 12 . 106.2 = 127.44
LZ
0.955Z127.44L123Z127.44LE8H8H105FZ

KE24

KKK

KE25

{40E5FE4FW

E13FKE2FE3F
E7F{ K

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J 39J 37FE33J 31J 29J 27J 23J 21FE20J 19J 18J 17J 16J 15F

F KE49J 47J 43J 41

- 186 -

121

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KE10FE11FK

KE12F

KK24E26
2E3L2FZ24L40

K1511

KE27

KJ

- 187 -

121

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KE1

K
K

KE2

E0.03J 0.002F

L0.12J 0.02FEF

KE

E3

KJ

E4

KJ

KJ
KJ

- 188 -

121

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KJ

KJ

KJ
E5
W

K -

E6

E7

KE8
46
k
5
v

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- 189 -

121

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U - YE - TA - D FEkF
KEZ

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KE

KEvF
KE9
K

K
K

K
K

KE10

KE11

KE12

EF

K
[mm] L = lb + lwp + la
- 190 -

121
EF

KE13

K K K -

K -

K -

KE14

KELF .a
KEF .b

E3

E4

KE5

KE6

- 191 -

 121

EF

Abrasive

Alignment
Arbor
Arm bracket
Automatic
Backlash
Basic hole system
Basic shaft system
Bearing
Bed
Belt
Flat
V
Blind hole
Block
V
Bluntness
Borax
Boring
bar
Counter
. Tool
Burring
Carbide

GLOSSARY

121

EF

Cemented
Silicon
tipped tool
carriage
Cement
Centre
mark
punch
centering
tool
chain
chamfer
Change gears
Chart
chatter
Chip
breaker
clamping
... bolts
Clasp nut
Clay
Clearance angle
Closers
clutch
Concentricity
Coolant

{
{

 121

EF

cooling

Corundum
Counter borer
Counter boring
Cutting
. Angle
. Edge
Dry .
.. force
tool
Wet
Cylindrical grinder
Dial gauge
Dividing head
Dovetailed groove
Down milling
Draw in- bolt
dressing
Drill
Bench
Centre
Gang
Hand
Radial .
Twist
Upright

E F

EF

 121

EF

drilling

spindle
Spot .
machine
Drive
eccentric
. lathe
turning
Electrolytic copper
End face
End milling
. cutter
Engagement
Erection
Face plate
Facing
Feather key
Feed
.. gears
box
Felspar
Fine-pitch thread
Finishing
. tool
Fit
Class of

121

EF

Clearance
Grade of
Interference
Transition
System of
Flank
Floating reamer
Floating sleeve
Flute
flux
forming
gear
Bevel .
Worm .
<<Go >> gouge

grease
grinding
Cylindrical
External .
Internal ..
machine
Surface ..
. Wheel
Guiding way
Hardness
Headstock

 121

EF

High speed steel

Hob
Honing
Horizontal milling machine
Indexing
.. crank
. pin
.. plate
. Fixture
ISA
ISO
Jig boring machine
Knurling
Lead screw
Leading cutting edge
Lever
Control .
Hand .
Locking .
Limit gauge
Lip angle
Longitudinal
Lubricant
Lubrication
Machine
.. tool

EF

 121

EF

Magnesite

Maintenance

Margin

Marking

E F

Mesh

Meshing

Metal cutting

Milling

. Cutter

Minor diameter

Muffle furnace

neck

Nominal size

Nose

.. angle
GO>>gauge(also<<NO GO>>

Paraffin
Pilot
Pitch
. diameter
Plain tool steel
Planning
.. machine
Plug gauge
pneumatic

Major diameter

<<NOT

gauge)

 121

EF

Point angle

Power train
Radial drill
Rake angle
Reaming
Resin
Rest
Return stroke
Rigid
rough
Roughing
Scraper
Screw
Scriber
Self centering
Setting up
Shaft
Shank
Cylindrical .
Tapered .
shaping
.. machine
sharpening
Shell end mill
shellac
Side angle

E F

E F

 121

EF

Side angle

Sintering
Size
Nominal .
Basic
Slotting
Snap gauge
spacer
Spanner
Spindle
Spirit
Split nut
Stepped pulley
Stop
Straight turning
Switch
Swiveling arm
Table
Tailstock
Tap
tapping
Template
Testing
Thread
Metric
Whitworth

E F

EF

 121

EF

Threading
die

Three jaw chuck

Through hole
Tolerance
. Zone
Disposition
Grade of
Tool
holder
.. - life
. Post
Trailing cutting edge
Truing
T slot
Turning
tool
Turpentine
Twist drill
V block
Vertical milling machine
Vice
Wedge
angle
Worm
wheel

E F

121
EF

W
KJ {1990 (1
KK

{{{E2

K{{{1981{E3

K1985{E4

J _{1977{?E5
{{

{{{1977{{E6

{{{{1978{{E7

{{{{1977{{E8

121
EF

9) Tool and manufacturing engineers handbook volume I , Machining, Thomas
J. Drozda, Charles Wick, 1983, 4th edition, Society of manufacturing
Engineers, USA.
10)
Machining and metalworking handbook, Ronald A. Walsh, 1998, ,2nd
edition, McGraw Hill, USA
11)
Machining fundamentals, John R. Walker, 1989, forth edition, the Goodhreat
Willcox Company, USA
12)
Introduction to Manufacturing Processes, John A. Schey, 1987, 2nd edition,
McGraw Hill, USA
13) Basic machining Reference Handbook, Arthur R. Meyers, 2001, 2nd Ed., Industrial
press Inc.

14) Fachkunde Metall, 55th Ed.Verlag Europa Lehrmittel, 2007

121

121

1
2

WW

K3J 1

11

13

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K2J 1

KK4J 1

K5J 1

K6J 1

KK8J 1

14

18

21

15

21

21

22

23

K7J 1

K1J 2

K2J 2

K3J 2

27

K4J 2

28

28

29

K1J 3

K2J 3

34

K5J 3

43

41

43

33
33

K3J 3
K4J 3
K6J 3

K7J 3

K17J 3

45

47

48

K2J 4

47

50

50

52

53

56

59

60

59

60

K1J 4

K3J 4

K5J 4

K4J 4

57

58

64

121

K3J 5

K15

K2J 5

KEF12J 5

66

68

69

71

75

75

76

79

85
88
91
91

121

K4J 5

K5J 5

K9J 5

K6J 5

K7J 5

K8J 5

78

K2J 6

K4J 6

78
79

83

86

89

K1J 6

K 3J 6

K5J 6

K7J 6

K6J 6

K8J 6

K9J 6

93

K2J 9J 6

96

K1J 9J 6

K3J 9J 6

98

101

102

K2J 7

101
102

WW

K1J 7

K3J 7

105

121

K4J 7

106

108

K7J 7

108

K5J 7

K6J 7

109

111

K1J 2J 7J 7

110

114

K17J 7
K2J 7J 7

117

119

119

119

K8J 7

KW

K1J 8

K2J 8

126

122

125

125

127

128

127

129

K3J 8

K4J 8

K1J 4J 8

K5J 8

K2J 4J 8

K6J 8

K8J 8

K7J 8

131

132

132

133

135

KE1.9

KE2.9

KE3.9

136

139

121

KE4.9

KE5.9

141

143

CNCW

143

144

144

145

KE6.0

148

155

148

159

164

167

171

190

181

121

9K1J 1

10K2J 1

11K3J 1

12 K4J 1

135J 1

14 K6J 1

14K7J 1

31 K1J 3

32K2J 3

32K3J 3

33K4J 3

33K5J 3

35K6J 3

42K7J 3

49 K1J 4

53K2J 4

59 K1J 5

60 K2J 5

61 K3J 5
62K4J 5

121

64K5J 5

66K6J 5

72K7J 5

73KJ 8J 5

74K8J 5

75K9J 5

78K1J 6

79K2J 6

81KJ 3J 6

81KJ 3J 6

82KJ 3J 6

82KJ 3J 6

83K4J 6

85 K5J 6

86K6J 6

87K7J 6

88K8J 6

909J 6

91K10J 6

93K11J 6
9412J 6

95 K13J 6

95K14J 6

96K4J 6

9615J 6

97K16J 6

121

101K1J 7

102 K2J 7

103K3J 7

104K4J 7

106 K5J 7

108 K6J 7

110K7J 7
111K8J 7

111K9J 7
112K10J 7

114 K11J 7

116K12J 7

119K1J 8
120K2J 8

121 K3J 8

121K4J 8

122 K5J 8

123K6J 8
124K7J 8

124K8J 8

126K9J 8

128K10J 8

121

16K1J 1

17K2J 1

25K1J 2
26K2J 2

26K3J 2

27K4J 2

28K5J 2

37 K1J 3

38K2J 3

39K3J 3

K4J 3
40
40 K5J 3
41K6J 3

51 K1J 4

63K1J 5

65K2J 5

67K3J 5

68K4J 5
69K5J 5

121

69K6J 5

70KJ 6J 5

71K7J 5

107K1J 7

128K1J 8