Halliday, S. (2004).

A comparative approach to the regulation of human embryonic stem

cell research in Europe. Medical law review, 12(1), 40-69.
Hallidays article discusses the ongoing debate of embryonic stem cell research in
Europe. The European Union has a few responses regarding whether embryonic stem
cells should be used for research into cures for certain diseases or not. Their nonexclusive legislations include the permission of creating human embryos for stem cell
procurement and the prohibition of using human embryos for research purposes.
Although Europe has not made these legislations official, other countries have different
laws regarding embryonic stem cell research. The United Kingdom allows embryonic
stem cells to be used for research while Germany does not allow any sort of human
embryo to be destroyed or used for research purposes.
This source is extremely helpful because it provides evidence for both viewpoints of this
topic involving embryonic stem cells. This source has no intention of being biased, and
the information is reliable because this article goes into great detail with both stances.
Reflecting on this source, it will be very useful for the upcoming research project and it
will help shape my argument in a wide and detailed manner.

Sperling, Stefan (2008). Converting ethics into reason: German stem cell policy between science
and the law. Science as culture, 17(4), 363-375.
Sperling explains in his article how Germany reacts with the debate of embryonic stem
cell research and how they created a law regarding this debate in 2002. This all began

when a man named James Thomson first isolated human embryos, which are part of
embryonic stem cells, in 1998. After a long debate in Germany about the embryonic stem
cell situation, a law was eventually created saying that the production of new stem cell
lines is not allowed, but the importation of these stem cell lines is allowed with certain
circumstances. This article shows the process of how a stressing debate is mostly solved
after a law is enforced to end the debate. An ethical problem transforms into a mere rule
for the science and study of embryonic stem cells.
This source is useful because it explains both stances for embryonic stem cell research
and it shows how a situation regarding this debate can be solved. Compared to other
sources, this source focuses directly on Germany and how they came up with the law to
end the debate in their country. This source is helpful because it describes how Germany
was able to get past the whole debate of embryonic stem cell research, and other
countries should see this as an example to solve the debate as well.

Tolley, David C (2008). Regulatory priorities governing stem cell research in California:
relaxing revenue sharing and safeguarding access plans. Berkeley technology law journal,
23(1), 219-246.
In this article, Tolley discusses how the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
(CIRM) and their intellectual properties (IP) impact taxpayers and their investment in
human embryonic stem cell research. Human stem cells, especially embryonic stem cells,
play a major role in biomedical research because they can produce a variety of other
descendent cells. Other than the CIRM, the Bayh-Dole Act governs IP ownership for

funded biomedical research. The purpose of this act is to promote beneficial research by
institutions and other small businesses by giving ownership incentives to research
facilities. The Bayh-Dole Act is compared to the CIRM and the CIRMs IP policies
regarding embryonic stem cell research.
This source is helpful because it goes into great detail about how embryonic stem cell
research is invested through different institutions. Also, this source is different from the
other sources because it goes more into the investment on embryonic stem cell research
but it still mentions the controversy on this ongoing debate. Reflecting on this source, it
will be useful for the upcoming research project and it will help provide another form of
detail.

Rowley, J. (2009, March 23). Embryonic stem cell research does too much good to be evil, says
Janet Rowley. U.S. news and world report. Retrieved from
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2009/03/23/embryonic-stem-cell-research-doestoo-much-good-to-be-evil-says-janet-rowley
Rowley explains in this newspaper article that the research on embryonic stem cells is
encouraged but with certain restrictions and guidelines. Scientists are going as far as they
can into their research to find new treatments and cures for several different diseases, but
they are attempting to gain much more access towards embryonic stem cell research.
Rowley claims that scientists have begun to study induced pluripotent stem cells, and
these specific cells could be a huge help in their research. However, these stem cells can

only be obtained from embryonic stem cells, thus giving scientists a reason to try and
expand some restrictions on embryonic stem cell research.
This source is helpful because it explains more of the pro-choice stance and provides
supporting details about it. This source is also helpful because it mentions a new form of
stem cells that could be the answer to ending this entire debate. Reflecting on this source,
it provides many reasons to be on the pro-choice side and it portrays hope into finding
treatments and cures in the future.

Levine, Aaron D. (2006). Research policy and the mobility of US stem cell scientists. Nature
biotechnology, 24(7), 865-866.
In this article, Levine discusses on how several policies relating to embryonic stem cell
research are constantly changing in the United States. Because of this, scientists are
getting frustrated that they cannot work with embryonic stem cells the way that they
prefer. This is causing scientists to relocate to other institutes in different countries so
they can be able to conduct their research in more favorable areas. Scientists want to be
able to continue their research on embryonic stem cells, but they must complete it outside
of the United States in order for their research to be accomplished.
This source is helpful because it shows how determined scientists are in using embryonic
stem cells to find cures and treatments. Even though there are many guidelines on
researching embryonic stem cells, scientists try to find a way around them. Reflecting on
this source, it will be useful throughout the research project it goes into depth on how
scientists are so driven to find cures and treatments for many diseases.

Hug, K. (2011, March 23). Embryonic stem cell research: an ethical dilemma. Eurostemcell.
Retrieved March 20, 2015, from http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/embyronic-stemcell-research-ethical-dilemma
This website goes through several different facts on embryonic stem cell research and the
viewpoints for each fact. One of the topics state that a human embryo has full moral
status from the beginning of fertilization, meaning that it is considered to being a human
in the embryonic stage of life. There is also a cutoff point at 14 days after fertilization,
and its moral status increases as they continue to develop. However, some people argue
that human embryos do not have any moral status whatsoever. Some people believe that
an embryo is just a mere body part that can easily be taken out and used for research.
This source is helpful because it discusses the different stances for each area of
embryonic stem cell research. This source shows how debatable this topic can be.
Reflecting on this source, it will provide a sufficient amount of detail for both viewpoints
on the upcoming research project.

Bellomo, M. (2006). The stem cell divide: the facts, the fiction, and the fear driving the greatest
scientific, political, and religious debate of our time. New York, NY: American
Management Association.
In this book, Bellomo talks about how stem cells, especially embryonic stem cells, can
change our future in an extremely innovative way. Embryonic stem cells have been useful
for science and medicine because they are able to differentiate into different types of

cells. Knowing that these stem cells have the ability to do this, scientists want to research
them on a more personal level in order to find and create cures for certain diseases.
However, there are some people who are against embryonic stem cell research because of
their religious views. They believe that the destruction of an embryo is basically a hightech form of cannibalism.
This source is helpful because it describes both stances of this ethical debate, and it
includes stories on how embryonic stem cells have actually helped with injuries. Also, it
discusses how this will impact our future. Reflecting on this source, it provides essential
information and evidence for the upcoming research paper.

Reaves, J. (2001, July 11). The Great Debate Over Stem Cell Research. TIME magazine.
Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,167245,00.html
In this magazine article, Reaves discusses the political and scientific debate of embryonic
stem cell research. This is an extremely controversial debate because embryonic stem
cells are considered to be potential lives of human beings, and scientists are destroying
them in order to complete their research. When it comes to the political debate, it is said
that research on embryonic stem cells will continue no matter what is decided, but the
research will be to a certain extent. The scientific debate, however, is said that scientists
want to go as far as possible into embryonic stem cell research because these stem cells
have the ability to replace damaged or sick cells in people with injuries or diseases that
are incurable at the moment. Scientists have tried using adult stem cells to create cures
for specific diseases, but they are not as nearly as helpful as embryonic stem cells are.

This source is helpful because it talks about two different types of debates that are both
related to embryonic stem cell research. It is also helpful because it attempts to find other
ways to end this ongoing debate. Reflecting on this source, it can be a great public service
announcement for people who are pro-choice because it discusses how miraculous
embryonic stem cells can be.