Control Schemes

for CSTR Process

Organization of Presentation
1.CSTR Process Description
2. Mathematical Modelling
3.Linearisation
4. Input-Output Modelling
5. General SISO and MIMO Control
6. Control Schemes
a. PI/PID Control (SISO systems)
b. Decentralized Control
c. Decoupler

d . IMC PID Control

e. Model Reference Adaptive Control,etc

CSTR Process Description

T- Reactor temperature
- Concentration

- Jacket temperature
F- Input flow rate

Mathematical Modelling
Steps:
Take the mass balance and energy balance equations.
With the specific values for each variables in both the equations, one can
easily get the
transfer function on taking Laplace Transforms
Steady state operating data must be assumed properly for the CSTR
system

Linearization
Control system design and analysis is based upon linear process
representations.
Taylors series is most often used to linearize the system around the steadystate operating point.
The linearization is explicitly done in mathematical models using the energy
and mass balance equations for all the process.

Input-Output Modelling

Steps:
Perform the real time experiment with manipulated and controlled
variables (For MIMO) and record the values over a specific range
Non-linearity would be encountered in the process as the curves
representing the input and
output variable would be non-linear.
System identification toolbox is used for modelling this type of case using
ident command
The system can be modelled based on the highest best fits value (%).
Obtain the transfer function

General SISO and MIMO Control

SISO control systems refer to a single input and single output systems.
As there is a single loop, the interaction will not be a problem here.
So, Controller design will be easy as there as many tuning methods like Ziegler
Nicholas and Cohen coon method, etc.
MIMO systems refer to Multi input Multi output systems.
As the no. of input and output increases, the system will be very complex and the
interaction is severe.
The amount of interaction can be measured by Relative Gain Array technique.
For n

Decentralized Control Scheme

Advantages:
1.Each loop is treated independently
2.There is no high risk of failure

Decoupled Control Scheme

Advantages:
1. Interaction free control is achieved
2. Efficient and commonly used control strategy in process industries

IMC PID Control

Advantages:
1. Faster response
2. Robustness

Model Reference Adaptive

Control

Advantages:
1. Reference tracking is completely ensured

Thank you