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Political Parties
Learning Objectives
WHO GOVERNS?
1. How has Americas two-party system changed,
and how does it differ from the party systems of
other representative democracies?
2. How much do parties affect how Americans
vote?
TO WHAT ENDS?
1. Did the Founding Fathers think political parties
were a good idea?
2. How, if at all, should Americas two-party system
be reformed?
Introduction
Country
# of Parties
United States
China
Canada
United Kingdom
Germany
Mexico
Russia
Israel
17
France
14
Brazil
22 (more or less)
India
43 (more or less)
The Founding
Republicans (Jefferson) and Federalists
(Hamilton)
The Jacksonians
Eliminated caucus-based nominations
Party convention nominates
Democrats and Whigs
10
11
12
Party Realignments
Major party defeated and disappears
Support shifts between two existing parties
Occurs when very important issue cuts
across party divisions
13
Realignment
Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
14
Realignment
Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
15
Party Decline
Split-ticket voting
Split Ticket Voting for President/House, 1952-2008
16
Elements:
National convention
National committee
Congressional campaign committee
National chairperson
17
National Conventions
Delegates ratify candidates
Superdelegates
18
The Machine
Late 19th century
Hierarchical
Weakened by progressive reforms
The Hatch Act (1939)
New-style machine fueled by campaign
contributions
19
Ideological Parties
Values principle
Contentious and factionalized
Independent third parties
But also factions within Democrats/Republicans
20
21
Plurality System
Voter Opinion
State Laws
22
23
24
Ideological
One-Issue
Economic-Protest
Factional
The Socialist party and the Progressive party were both minor
parties, but their origins were different. The Socialist party was
an ideological party; the Bull Moose Progressive party split
off from the Republicans to support Theodore Roosevelt.
Minor Parties
25
Nominating a President
26
points)
27
Democrats
Successful in
congressional races
House majority (70%)
Presidential candidates
views differ from voters
Republicans
More successful in
presidential races
Convention delegates
views differ from
average voters
Social issues
Tax issues
28
29
30