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a. Catgut
b. Silk
c. Polyamide (Nylon)
d. Polyglyconate (Maxon)
e. Polyglactin (Vicryl)
4. Head Injuries
a. More than 1 million people are seen in UK hospitals each year with head injuries
b. Skull X-rays can exclude an intracerebral haematoma
c. Raised intracranial pressure is associated with an increase in cerebral perfusion
d. Cushing's response consists of a rise in blood pressure and fall in heart rate
e. Pupillary dilatation usually occurs on the same side as the intracerebral haematoma
8. Regarding appendicitis
a. The risk of developing the illness is greatest in childhood
b. Mortality increases with age and is greatest in the elderly
c. 20% of appendices are extraperitoneal in a retrocaecal position
d. Faecoliths are present in 75-80% of resected specimens
e. Appendicitis is a possible diagnosis in the absence of abdominal tenderness
23. Fibroadenomas
a. Are benign monoclonal neoplasms
25. Warfarin
a. Reduces the concentration of vitamin A dependent clotting factors
b. Has a half life of about 36 hours
c. Crosses the placenta and should be avoided in pregnancy
d. Doses should be reduced in liver disease
e. An INR of between 2.0 and 3.0 is appropriate in the treatment of DVT
26. Heparin
a. Is a heterogeneous mixture of sulphated polypeptides
b. Potentiates the actions of antithrombin III
c. Has a half life of 12 hours
d. Can be reversed by protamine sulphate
e. Can induce an idiosyncratic thrombocytopenia
34. Phaeochromocytomas
a. Are neuroendocrine tumours of the adrenal cortex
b. Are benign in 90% of cases
c. Occur as part of the MEN type I syndrome
d. Can be imaged with a meta-iodobenzylguanidine scan
60. Intussusception
a. Is most common in children from 6 to 12 years
b. Presents with colicky abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and an abdominal mass
c. 10% present with diarrhoea and vomiting suggestive of gastroenteritis
d. If no shock or peritonitis hydrostatic reduction can be attempted
e. A Meckel's diverticulum can induce an intussusception
e. Chlorinated hydrocarbons
76. Cryptorchidism
a. Occurs in 5% of newborn boys
b. Increases risk of malignancy by a factor of ten
c. Is associated with normal fertility
d. Laparoscopy is the best means of identifying an impalpable testis
e. Should be treated by orchidopexy at puberty
90. Amyloidosis
a. Appears as extracellular basophilic hyaline material
b. Can be stained with Congo Red dye
c. Show an apple green birefringence in polarised light
d. Is a complication of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
e. Is a complication of Hodgkin's disease
94. Tetanus
a. Is due to an infection with a gram-negative spore forming rod
b. The organism produces a powerful endotoxin
c. The toxin prevents the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter
d. Clostridium tetani is sensitive to penicillin
e. Risus sardonicus is the typical facial spasm