Mini Math

Book

Zahabiya FP
8G2

Contents
1 Algebra

2 Integers

3 Percentages

4 Ratios

5 Sequences

12

6 Practice

15

Algebra
Algebra is the language through which we
describe patterns. Think of it as a shorthand,
of sorts. As opposed to having to do
something over and over
again, algebra gives you a simple way to
express that repetitive process. It's also seen
as a "gatekeeper" subject.

Expressions
Molly has x chocolates. Shes given 4 more
chocolates.
x + 4 = 4x
Ben has 6 coins. x are taken away.
6x

The following are more examples of

expressions
1. subtract 5 from a number
5x
2. add 7 to a number
7 + x = 7x
3. divide a number by 3
x / 3 = x/3
4. multiply a number by 4 then subtract 2
x * 4 2 = 2x
5. add 8 to a number then divide by 6
8 + x / 6 = 8x/6

Integers
An integer is a number that can be written
without a fractional component. For
example, 21, 4, 0, and 2048 are integers,
while 9.75, 5, and 2 are not.

A number line
__________________________________
-3

-2

-1

-1 + 2 = 1
-2 + 3 = 1
-1 2 = -3
-2 + -3 = -5

Rules
+
+

+
+
-

=
=
=
=

+
+
subtract, sign of bigger no.
subtract, sign of bigger no.

In short, like terms are added and unlike

terms are subtracted.

The following are more examples of

integers
1. -16 + 16 = 0
2. 50 7 = 43
3. -15 - -5 = -20
4. 30 - + 4 = 26
5. -7 + -3 = -10

Percentages
A percentage is a number or ratio expressed
as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using
the percent sign, "%", or the abbreviation
"pct."; sometimes the abbreviation "pc" is
used in the case of quantities in
economics. A percentage is
a dimensionless number (pure number).
A percentage is converted into a fraction or
decimal by writing it as parts of hundred.
35% = 35/100
= 0.35

Fraction
Decimal

150% = 150/100
15/10
3/2

Fraction

= 1.5

Decimal

The following are more examples of

percentages
1. 0.46
0.46 * 100 = 46%
2. 9.8
9.8 * 100 = 980%
3. 66/100
66/100 = 33/50 = 0.66%
4. 73/100
73/100 = 0.73%

5. 82%
82% = 82/100 = 41/50
= 82/100 = 41/50 = 0.82

Fraction
Decimal

Ratios
A ratio is a relationship between
two numbers of the same kind
(e.g., objects, persons, students,
spoonfuls, units of whatever
identical dimension), expressed
as "a to b" or a:b, sometimes
expressed arithmetically as a
dimensionless quotient of the two
that explicitly indicates how many
times the first number contains the
second (not necessarily
an integer).

If there are 4 cakes and 2 cupcakes in a bag,

the ratio of cakes to cupcakes is 4 : 2. In its
simplest form, its 2 : 1.
We can simplify a ratio to its simplest form
by the method of canceling.
9

3 : 9 : 12 (/3)
= 1: 2 : 3
11/2 : 1 (*2)
=3:2

The following are more examples of

ratios
1. 10 : 20 : 30 = 1 : 2 : 3 (/10)
2. 14 : 49 : 28 = 2 : 7 : 4 (/7)

3. There are 15 chocolates, 21 smoothies, 18

cakes and 30 ice creams.
a. Ice creams to chocolates to cakes
30 : 15 : 18 = 10 : 5 : 6 (/3)
10

b. Smoothies to the total number of food

21 : 84 = 7 : 28 (/3) = 1 : 4 (/7)
4. 2mm : 5mm = 2mm : 5mm
5. 27mins : 1 hr = 27mins : 60mins =
9mins : 20mins (/3)

11

Sequences
A sequence is an ordered collection of
objects in which repetitions are allowed.
Like a set, it contains members (also
called elements, or terms). The number of
elements (possibly infinite) is called
the length of the sequence. Unlike a set,
order matters, and exactly the same elements
can appear multiple times at different
positions in the sequence. Formally, a
sequence can be defined as a function whose

domain is a countable totally ordered set,

such as the natural numbers.

12

Every morning, Susan ate triple of what she

had the day before for breakfast. She had 4
croissants on the first day.
4 , 12 , 36 , 108 , 324 (*3)
Ann ran 12 km every week and has recently
noticed her gradual progress. She runs 6km
faster than the week prior.
12 , 18 , 24 , 30 , 36 (+6)

The following are more examples of

sequences
1. start at 4 and count backwards by 1
4 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 0 , -1 , -2
2. 3 , 8 , 13 , 18 , 23 , 28
13

3. 1 term = 5

Rule = divide by 2

5 , 2.5 , 1.25 , 0.625 , 0.3125

4. A baby crawled 3 cm. Every 2 days, it
crawled 17 cm more.
3 , 20 , 37 , 54 , 71 , 88
5. start at 34 and count forwards by 9
34 , 43 , 52 , 61 , 70 , 79

14

Practice
1. Is this true or false?
6/20 > 67%
2. I am thinking of a sequence. The 4 term
is 15.

3. Sal eats chocolates and lollipops in the

ratio of 7 : 8. Last night she had 500g of
candy. How many grams of chocolate did
she have?
4. -20 + 56 * 72 / 89
15

5. 3n (x 4n)
6. 2p + 5 = 10 + p
7. 8%
8. __ , 0.5 , __ , 1.5 , __ ,__

9. Jane planted these 25 plants

15 tomatoes
4 carrots
6 potatoes

16

a. Ratio of tomatoes to potatoes

b. Carrots to tomatoes to total plants
10. -788 + - 456

17