INTRAVENOUS

THERAPY

Intravenous therapyorIV therapyis

theinfusionofliquidsubstancesdirectly
intoavein.
Intravenoustherapymaybeusedto
correctelectrolyteimbalances,todeliver
medications,forbloodtransfusionoras
fluidreplacementtocorrect,for
example,dehydration.

Substancesthatmaybeinfusedintravenously
includevolumeexpanders,blood-based
products,bloodsubstitutes,medications,
nutrition.
1. Volume expanders-crystalloidsand
colloids.
1.1Crystalloidsareaqueoussolutionsof
mineralsaltsorotherwater-solublemolecules.
-muchcheaperthancolloids.

commonlyusedcrystalloidfluidisnormal

saline,asolutionofsodiumchlorideat
0.9%concentrationwhichisclosetothe
concentrationintheblood(isotonic).
LactatedRingers,alsoknownas,
Ringer'slactateorRinger'sacetate,is
anotherisotonicsolutionoftenusedfor
large-volumefluidreplacement.

1.2colloidscontainlargerinsoluble
molecules,suchasgelatin.Bloodisa
colloid.
2. Blood-based products -bloodproduct
(orblood-basedproduct)isany
componentofbloodwhichiscollected
fromadonorforuseina
bloodtransfusion.

3. Blood substitutes -areartificialsubstances

aimingtoprovideanalternativetobloodbasedproductsacquiredfromdonors.
-calledartificialbloodorbloodsurrogates
-mainbloodsubstitutesusedtoday
arevolumeexpanderssuchascrystalloids
andcolloidsmentionedabove.Also,oxygencarryingsubstitutesareemerging.

4. Buffer solutions are used tocorrect

acidosisoralkalosis.
-Asolutionmorespecificallyusedforbuffering
purposeisintravenoussodiumbicarbonate .
-LactatedRinger'ssolutionalsohassome
bufferingeffect.
5.Parenteralnutritionisfeedingaperson
intravenously,bypassingtheusualprocessof
eatinganddigestion.

Thepersonreceivesnutritionalformulas

containingsalts,glucose,aminoacids,
lipidsandaddedvitamins.

Intermittentinfusion-isusedwhena
patientrequiresmedicationsonlyat
certaintimes,
-doesnotrequireadditionalfluid.