Кирпич

-
-

-

05.12.04 ,

- 2010
............................................................................................................... 2
............................................................................................... 4
................................................................................................................... 6
1.
.................................................................................................................. 12
1.1. .............................................. 12
1.2. - ........................ 14
1.3.
.................................................................................................. 18
1.4. ................................. 25
1.5. ................... 28
1.6. .............................................................. 41
1.7. .................................. 47
2. ................................. 49
2.1. - ........................................ 49
2.2. ........ 56
2.3. ................................................. 58
2.4. ................................... 60
2.5. 2.................................................................................. 73
3. .... 74
3.1. - 74
3.1.1. -4 .......................................... 76
3.1.2. -2 .......................................... 85
3.1.3. -2
-4 ....................................................................................................... 92
3.2.
.......................................................................................................... 94
3.2.1. ................................ 95
3.2.2. ............................. 103

3.2.3.
.................................................................................... 112
3.3.
.......................................................................... 113
3.4. 3................................................................................ 114
4. .................. 116
4.1. ..................... 116
4.2. .................................... 123
4.3. .................. 130
4.4.
....................................................................................................... 136
4.5.
....................................................................................................... 140
4.6. 4................................................................................ 142
.......................................................................................................... 144
............................................................................................. 148
1.
Matlab .................................................................................. 152

rq ;
- ;
F ;
E ;
, ;
g, p
;
, ;
-;
0 ;
, G() ~ 1/;
A , ;
;
Ea ;
Eb , ;
Fa() a(t);
F ;
G() ;
KG ;
KP ;
L ;
M ;
N
;
N0 ;
P ;
Pcp ;
R , /;
T ;
a(t) ;
f0 ;
g ;
g() ;
h, h0 /
;
k, l (0, 1, , N 1);
m ;
p, d (1, 2, , L);
r, q (1, 2, , M).
. ,
- .
: F = F/R, F ,
R , /, E = Eb/N0, Eb ,
, N0 .
- , .
, : .
, . , - ,
,
, ,
[17].
- ,
.
,
.
,
-, .
, () [39],
.

, -,
[3], . -

. [29],
,

.
, -
, .
XX
,
, - [10, 13].
- ,
, ..
, , ,
.
[22, 25] ,
- -
K.
K. ,
,
K.
, .., , . , . ,
, , , . , .
, ,
, ,
, .
-
.
- .
- , -
.
.
1.
,
-
.
2.

, - .
3.
.
4.
.
5.
.
. ,
, .
, , , , , ,
, ,
,
.
, . . , . ,
.
, , .
10
,
,
.
.

. .

- .
,
. .
. - ,
, , ,
- . L = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
= 6, 10, 14.
, m,
, m + 1 0,001. m 40.
. .
,
.
11
.

,
.

Matlab.
12
1. -
, . . , . , . ,
, .
,
,
.
.
1.1.

, . .
yN, N M- , f0 T
=
yN (t )
N 1
Ar( k ) a(t kT )cos(2f 0t + (rk ) ) , T/2 t T/2 + NT,
k =0
(1.1)
a(t) [T/2, T/2] , Ar( k ) , (rk ) , k- -
13
, r = 1, 2, , M , k = 0, 1, , N 1
,
Ar( k ) [0, 1] (rk ) [, ] . , -4 : Ar( k ) = 1,
(rk ) =3 / 4 + r / 2 , r = 1, 2, 3, 4. (t) -
, .
, (t) . [12, 30] ,

. , : cos(x) (. 1.1)
a(t) = A0cos(t/T), T/2 t T/2;
(1.2)
cos2(x) (. 1.1)
a(t) = A0cos2(t/T), T/2 t T/2.
a(t)/A0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
-0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5
)
. 1.1. cos(x)
t/T
(1.3)
a(t)/A0
0
-0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5
t/T
)
. 1.1. cos2(x)
(1.1)
.
14
1.2. -
- P
Pcp :
P
= =
lim
Pcp N
max{ yN2 (t )}
1
E
NT
T /2+ NT
T /2
yN2 (t )dt
(1.4)
, . ,
, (1.4). :
=
P max{
=
y N2 (t )} max{[ Ar( k ) a(t kT )cos(2f 0t + (rk ) )]2 } max{a 2 (t )} .
N
,
:
1 T /2+ NT 2
1
Pcp E=
y N (t )dt NE
=
NT T /2
NT
1
= E
2T
T /2
T /2
Ar2 a 2=
(t )cos 2 (2f 0t + r )dt
T /2
T /2
Ar2 a 2 (t ) [1 + cos(4f 0t + 2r ) ] dt .
,
1
Pcp E
2T
T /2
1
2 2
2
A
a
(
t
)
dt
=
E
A
a 2 (t )dt .
{
}
r
r
T /2
T
/2
2T
T /2
Ea =
T /2
T /2
a 2 (t )dt ,
(1.5)
2 max{a 2 (t )}
=
.
E{Ar2 } Ea / T
(1.6)
, E{Ar2 } , , -
. , , : - ()
15
(), . 1.2 . , M, M = 2n, n , , M = 22n .
a = 1/3
3a
a = 1/18
Im(Z)
Re(Z)
3a
Im(Z)
Re(Z)
3a
3a
. 1.2. , M = 4
. 1.2. , M = 16
M ,
[1, 1], :
Ar =1 (r 1)
2
, r = 1, 2, , M,
M 1
0, 1 r M / 2,
r =
, M / 2 < r M .
Zr. Ar = |Zr| r = arg(Zr)

Arcosr = Re{Zr} Arsinr = Im{Zr}. ,
Z r =1 (r 1)
2
, r = 1, 2, , M.
M 1
(1.7)
E{Ar2 }
, , Ar.
16
2
1
( M + 1) 2r
=
1 (r 1)
=
M 1 M
M 1
2
M
M
2
r
=r 1 =r 1
1
E{ A } =
M
M
1
=
( M + 1) 2 4( M
=
+ 1)r + 4r 2 )
2 (
M ( M 1) r =1
M
M
1
2
M ( M + 1) 4( M + 1) r + 4 r 2 .
=
2
M ( M 1)
=r 1 =r 1
[4],
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n=
n
(n + 1)
2
1 + 22 + 32 + ... + n 2=
n
(n + 1)(2n + 1) ,
6
E{ Ar2 } =
M
M
1
M ( M + 1) 2 4( M + 1) ( M + 1) + 4 ( M + 1)(2 M + 1) =
2
M ( M 1)
2
6
1
M 1
M +1
(
1)
M
+
=
.
( M 1) 2
3
3( M 1)
-
:
AM
3( M 1) max{a 2 (t )}
=
2
.
M +1
Ea / T
(1.8)
, M :
3( M 1) max{a 2 (t )}
max{a 2 (t )}
lim AM lim 2= 6
=
.
M
M
M +1
E /T
Ea / T
(1.9)

( ) . [1 / 2, 1 / 2] ,
M .
17
2
: A=
Arc2 + Ars2 . :
r
E=
{ Arc2 } E=
{ Ars2 }
M +1
,
6( M 1)
E{ Ar2 } = E{ Arc2 } + E{ Ars2 } =
M +1
.
3( M 1)
, - ,
M2 = M:
3( M 1) max{a 2 (t )}
.
KAM =
2
Ea / T
M +1
(1.10)
M
(1.9).
- (1.1)
. (1.2), (1.3)
max{a 2 (t )} = A02 ,
. 1.1 .
. 1.1

Ea
A20T
cos(x)
(1/2)A20T
cos2(x)
(3/8)A20T
. 1.2 -
M , (1.8), (1.9) (1.10).
18
. 1.2

M = 2
M = 4
M = 16
M = 4
M = 16
M = 256
2,00
3,60
5,29
6,00
cos(x)
4,00
7,20
10,59
12,00
cos2(x)
5,33
9,60
14,12
16,00
M=
. 1.2 , , -, , , M = 4 (.. -4) cos2(x) - 2,67

. -, - , 300%. -,
M - . ,
cos(x) M = 4 - 1,8 .
1.3.

, . G()
1
2
E S N () ,
N NT
=
G () lim
S N ()
=
(1.11)
y N (t )exp( jt )dt N-
(1.1), E S N ()
.
19
- F = F/R
, , F.

F = F, . ,
[1] F99%,
99% .
0 = 2f0 1/T, T ,
F
=
100%
0 +F
0 F
G ()d
G ()d .
F
,
F,
,
. F, G()
| 0| F [7].
, ,
, .
G(F) , , G() k .
G() ~ 1/, ,
G() kF.
20
, ,
F,
F , , ,
.

(1.1). SN() N-
:
T /2+ NT N 1
S N ()
=
k =0
T /2
1
=
2
T /2+ NT N 1
T /2
k =0
(k )
r
1
=
2
+
(k )
r
)
)exp( jt )dt
a (t kT )cos(0t + (rk=
)
))exp( jt )dt
a (t kT )(exp( j0t + j(rk ) ) + exp( j0t j(rk=
T /2+ NT N 1
T /2
k =0
(k )
r
exp( j(rk ) )a (t kT )exp( j ( 0 )t )dt +
(k )
(k )
A
exp(
j
)
a
(
t
kT
)exp(
j
(
)
t
)
dt
=
r
r
0
k =0
T /2+ NT N 1
T /2
1
S N ( 0 ) + S N* ( + 0 ) .
2
(1.11)
G() = G+() + G(),
1
2
E S N ( 0 ) ,
N 4 NT
=
G+ () lim
1
2
E S N ( + 0 ) .
N 4 NT
=
G () lim
SN( 0):
=
S N ( 0 )
N 1
k =0
T /2+ NT
T /2
Ar( k ) exp( j(rk ) )a (t kT )exp( j ( 0 )t )dt .
x = t kT, :
21
S=
N ( 0 )
N 1
A
k =0
(k )
r
exp( j(rk ) )exp( j ( 0 )kT )
T /2
T /2
a( x)exp( j ( 0 ) x)dx .
N 1
S N ( 0=
) Fa ( 0 ) Ar( k ) exp( j(rk ) )exp( j ( 0 )kT ) ,
k =0
=
Fa ( 0 )
T /2
T /2
a (t )exp( j ( 0 )t )dt
(1.12)
a(t), 0.

E S N ( 0 ) = Fa ( 0 )
2
N 1 N 1
exp( j ( )(k l )T )
E{ A A exp( j (
(k )
r
(l )
q
=
k 0=l 0
(k )
r
))}.
(1.13)
(l )
q
, M. :
l)
l)
Ar( k ) exp( j(rk ) ) Aq(l ) exp( j(q=
) ( Z rc( k ) + jZ rs( k ) )( Z qc(l ) jZ qs(=
)
=Z rc( k ) Z qc(l ) jZ rc( k ) Z qs(l ) + jZ rs( k ) Z qc(l ) + Z rs( k ) Z qs(l ) ,
, Z rs( k ) Ar( k ) sin((rk ) ) ,

=
Z rc( k ) Ar( k ) cos((rk ) )=
, Z qs(l ) Aq(l ) sin((ql ) ) .
=
Z qc(l ) Aq(l ) cos((ql ) )=
, Z rc( k ) , Z rs( k ) , Z qc(l ) Z qs(l ) ,
. : Z rc= Z rs= ( M + 1 2r )
2( M 1) , r = 1, 2, ,
M . -
, :
E=
{Z rc( k ) Z qs(l ) } E=
{Z rs( k ) Z qc(l ) } 0 , k, l,
E=
{Z rc( k ) Z qc(l ) } E=
{Z rs( k ) Z qs(l ) } 0 , k l.
, , -,
22
) (l )
E{Z rc( k=
Z qc } E=
{ Arc2 }
M +1
, k = l,
6( M 1)
) (l )
E{Z rs( k=
Z qs } E=
{ Ars2 }
M +1
, k = l.
6( M 1)
, (1.13) :
E S N ( =
N Fa ( 0 )
0)
2
M +1
.
3( M 1)
,
=
G+ ()
1
M +1
2
Fa ( 0 ) ,
4T 3( M 1)
(1.14)
< 0:
G ()
=
1
M +1
2
Fa ( + 0 ) .
4T 3( M 1)
, (1.14)
M M. (1.14) , -
(1.1) a(t).
(1.14), (1.1) (1.2), (1.3).
:
A2T
M + 1 sin 2 (T / 2)
,
G+ () = 0
4 3( M 1) (T / 2) 2
(1.15)
= 0.
(1.2):
=
G+ ()
A02T
M +1
42
cos 2 (T / 2) .
2
2
2
4 3( M 1) ( (T ) )
(1.16)
(1.3):
A2T
M +1
44
sin 2 (T / 2)
.
G+ () = 0
4 3( M 1) ( (2) 2 (T ) 2 )2 (T / 2) 2
(1.17)
23
. 1.3 (1.15), (1.16) (1.17)

(1), (2) (3) .
G+(f), dB
-10
2
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
0
fT
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
. 1.3. (1.1)

(1.14),
, . . ,
. 1.3 2 F30 ~ 2,25/T, F30 ~ 3,00/T.

. ( ) [2]. , ( , , ),
. . 1.4
24
(1.16) (1) (2).

.
G+(f), dB
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
0
fT
1
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
. 1.4. (1.16)
(
),
( 1/) (1.1) . 1.3.
. 1.3

F95%T F99%T F40 T F60 T
4,15
20,57
63,66
>100
cos(x)
1,82
2,36
10,04
31,64
cos2(x)
2,23
2,82
6,51
13,74
25
. 1.3 . 1.3 , , -,

( ), . , cos(x) 99%
20,57 2,36, .. 8,7 . -, , . ,
95%
cos(x), 60 cos2(x).
1.4.
,

x(t),
x(t) = sr(t) + n(t),
, , sr(t) (r = 1, 2, , M), M , ,
n(t) . , , .
(
) ,
: sr(t),
r q (r, q = 1, 2, , M)
rq > 1,
26
rq . , [5]:
1 Z ( xn sr ,n ) 2
2 n exp
(Z )
2 n=1
n2
(
/
)
x
w
s
n =1
(Z )
,
r
rq (x) =lim rq (x) =lim ( Z )
=lim
2
Z
Z
Z
Z w
(x / s q ) Z
1 ( x s )
Z
2 n exp n 2 q ,n
n
n =1
2 n=1
(1.18)
w(Z)(x/sr) Z-
( )
sr, n2 = const(n) = N0/2, N0 .
[11, 14],
(M = 2) :
2 E
1
12
p =( p1 + p2 ) =
p1 =
p2 =
1 F
2
2 N0
pr (r = 1, 2) sr(t),
F , .. (
) :
=
F ( x)
1 x
exp(t 2 / 2)dt ,
E12 s1 s2:
=
E12
[ s (t ) s (t )]
T /2
T /2
dt.
,
. , , , , / , ,
.
27
(M > 2)
, [8]:
M
pr prq , r q,
(1.19)
q =1
pr, ,
sr(t), prq , sr(t)
sq(t). (1.19) :
p ( M 1) max prq .
( r ,q )
p M- , max prq (r, q)

( r ,q )
sr(t) sq(t) (r q). , ,

2 E
rq
p ( M 1) 1 min F
( r ,q ) 2 N 0
(1.20)
(1.20) , M-

Emin = min(Erq ) .
( r ,q )
Emin ,
-4, .. . , Ar = Aq = 1, :
Emin = min(Erq ) = min
( r ,q )
( r ,q )
T /2
T /2 sr (t ) sq (t ) dt =
2
2
T /2
= min a (t )cos(2f 0t + r ) a (t )cos(2f 0t + q ) dt .

/2
T
( r ,q )

, :
1 T /2
=
Emin min a 2 (t ) 1 + cos(4f 0t + 2r ) 2cos(4f 0t + r + q )
( r ,q ) 2 T /2
28
2cos(r q ) + 1 + cos(4f 0t + 2q ) dt
T /2
min(1 cos(r p )) =
a 2 (t )dt
(r , p)
T /2
T /2
a (t )dt
=
T /2
Ea ,
.. -4 .
, (1.1) Emin, , , . , , . , , ..
.
; ,
-
.
, , , Emin .
1.5.

, .

[28, 33].
F
F99%.
[3]. : a(t), E(F0)
29
4 F0 E,
=
E ( F0 )
=
Ea
1 2 F0
2
F
d ,
(
)
a
2 2 F0
1
2
=
F
d
(
)
a
2
T /2
T /2
a 2 (t )dt .
, :
= (2 F0 )T ,
2
:
=
Ea
T /2
a 2 (t )dt 1 .
=
(1.21)
T /2
, :
a (=
, )
' d () P () ,
n
(1.22)
= 2t/T , dn() , Pn() n = 0, 1, 2, , , n, 0.

. 1.4
d0(3,6)
6,5775101 d8(3,6)
4,7440104
d2(3,6)
5,9419101 d10(3,6)
1,5071105
d4(3,6)
1,1201101 d12(3,6)
3,3400107
d6(3,6)
9,6427103 d14(3,6)
5,0000109
[3]
= 0 = 5 0,1. , F99%.
= 3,6, 99,15% . -
30
dn() . 1.4, . 1.5

(1.22) = 3,6.
1.4 a(t)/A0
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.5
t/T
-0.3
-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
. 1.5. (1.22) = 3,6
, = 3,6, , 99,15% 2,29/T; 99%,

2,24/T. (1.22) = 3,6 . 1.5. . 1.6 (1.1)
(1) (1.22) = 3,6 (2).
. 1.5
-4
F99% T
3,96
2,24
F60 T
>100
,
(1.22) = 3,6 99% , , ; ,
. , -,
.
31
G+(f), dB
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
0
fT
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
. 1.6. (1.1)
(1.22) = 3,6
, , , ,

. [3] ,
, C/n + 1,
a(t) (n 1)-
a(n 1)(t) , a(n)(t) . a(t) :
a ( k ) (t ) |t ==
0,=
k 0, 1, ..., n 1.
T /2
(1.23)
, (1.23), :
32
a(t) = A0cosn(t/T), T/2 t T/2.
(1.24)
t = T/2 (n 1)-
, n- sinn(t/T),
t = T/2 , n- . , (1.24)
, C/(n + 1). . 1.7
(1.24) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5 (1.21).
2 a(t)/A
0
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
n=5
1.5
1
0.5
t/T
0
-0.5
0.5
0.3
0.1
-0.1
-0.3
. 1.7. (1.24) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5
. 1.6
(1.24) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5. . 1.8
(1.1) (rect)
(1.24) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5 [21].
. 1.6
-4
F99% T
F60 T
4,00
2,36
31,64
5,33
2,82
13,74
6,40
3,31
10,00
7,31
3,77
8,72
10
8,13
4,18
8,49
12
33
G+(f), dB
0
-10
rect
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
n=5
-30
-50
-70
-90
-110
-130
-150
0
fT
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
. 1.8. (1.1)
(1.24) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5
,

F99%. , n = 1 n = 5 60
3,73 , 99% 1,78 .
,
- , ,
.
n - 2,03 .
, , , . , ,
, , , ,
, C/. , (1.24)
34
n = 5 , 99% 4,18/T,
1,87 , (1.22) = 3,6.
[29] ,
,
=
g
1 +
2
g
F
d ,
(
)
(
)
a
2
(1.25)
g() . , , , (1.1), ; , ; ,
. ,
, , (1.1),
, |Fa()|2
1
M +1
T 3( M 1)
( T 4, - (1.1) ),
(1.1) 2:
1 +
1
2
g
(
)
F
(
)
d =
a
2
T
=
2 +
1
1
2
2
g
(
)
F
(
)
+
g
(
)
F
(
)
0
0
0
0
a
a
d .
2
4T
4T
, (1.25) (1.1); .
g() . , -
35

. ,
, .

, .. . ,
, , ,

. :
g() = 2n,
(1.26)
n = 1, 2, 3, ,
. , , n,
. (1.25):
=
g
1 + T /2 T /2
g ()a ( x)a ( y )exp( j ( x y ))dxdyd .
2 T /2 T /2
:
g=
T /2
T /2
T /2 T /2
a ( x)a ( y )G ( x, y )dxdy ,
(1.27)
G (=
x, y )
1
g ()exp( j ( x y ))d .
2
(1.28)
, -
=
(t )
1
exp( jt )d ,
2
,
(2 n ) (t ) =
1
(1) n (2 n ) exp( jt )d .
(1.29)
, (1.29) (1.26) (1.28), :

G ( x, y ) =
( 1) n (2 n ) ( x y ) .
(1.30)
36
n f ( x)
,
f ( x) ( x a )dx =
(1)
x n x =a
(n)
(1.30) (1.27):
g=
(1) n
T /2
T /2
T /2 T /2
a ( x)a ( y )(2 n ) ( x y )dxdy =

(1) n
+ T /2
T /2
a (t )a (2 n ) (t )dt . (1.31)

a(t), (1.31)
(1.21). . [18], , (1.31) (1.21), . ,
2n- :
a (2 n ) + a =0 ,
,
.
(1.23). , ,
, , ,
(1.23) |Fa()|2 ,
C/2(n + 1), (1.25).
, , ,
, , - ,
.
, ,
.
(1.31) [T/2, T/2] :
a0
2
a (t=
)
+ ak cos kt .
2 k =1
T
(1.32)
37
(1.32) (1.31)
g J :
(2 n )
a0
a0
2 d
2
J=
(1) + ak cos kt (2 n ) + ak cos kt dt . (1.33)
2 k 1=
T dt 2 k 1
T
=
T /2
T /2
(1.33):
2n
a0
2
2
n 2
J=
(1) + ak cos kt (1) k ak cos kt dt .
2 k 1=
T
T k1
T
=
T /2
T /2
2
cos
kt dt = 0 , k,
T
T /2
(1.34)
k l,
0,
2 2
cos kt cos lt dt =
T T
T / 2, k = l ,
T /2
(1.35)
T /2
T /2
:
T 2
J = ak2 k .
2 k =1 T
2n
(1.36)
(1.32) (1.21), .. :
2
a0
2
Ea =
2 + ak cos T kt dt =
k =1
T /2
T /2
a02
a0
2
2 2
=
+ 2 ak cos kt + ak al cos kt cos lt dt .
4
2 =k 1
T =k 1 =l 1
T T
T /2
T /2
(1.34) (1.35), :
T a02 T 2
=
+ ak .
Ea
2 2 2 k =1
(1.37)
, :
T a02 2
1.
+ ak =
2 2 k =1
(1.38)
38
(1.23).
, (1.32)
a (t )
t = T /2
b +1
2
2
2
=
=
ak (1) k sin kt
0 , b ,
T
T t =T /2
k =1
(b )
.. .
, , ( a(t)), :
, C/(b + 1) (b + 1) ,
, C/(b + 2).
n = b + 1 n = b + 2,
J.
. , , , , +T/2:
2
2
=
a (1) T k cos T kt
b
b
(b )
2
k
t=
t=
T /2
+ T /2
k =1
t = T /2
(b )
a (t )
, b .
=
a (t )
, (1.23) (1.32)
:
a0
+ ak cos(k ) =
0,
2 k =1
2
ak (1) k cos(k ) =
0, 2 b n 1, b .
k =1
b
2
, :
b
k + 2
a0
(1 sign(b)) + ak (1) 2 k =
0 , 0 b n 1, b ,
2
T
k =1
b
(1.39)
39
1, x > 0,
sign(
=
x) =
0, x 0,
1, x < 0.

.
m = 10 (1.32) C/2
C/6 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) . 1.7
. 1.9.
2
a(t)/A0
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
n=5
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
t/T
-0.1
-0.3
0.1
0.5
0.3
. 1.9. (1.31) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5 m = 10
. 1.7
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
n=5
a0
1,7823100
1,6616100
1,5415100
1,4803100
1,3991100
a1
6,2601101
7,8631101
8,9614101
9,3482101
9,7064101
1,2387101 3,4042102
9,1673102
1,7380101
2,8119101
6,6156103 2,0828102 1,6557102
5,4297103
a2
a3
a4
5,3008102
2,9434102 2,0875103
6,9151103
3,0459103 2,9510103
40
a5
a6
a7
a8
a9
a10
1,8726102
8,5442104 2,8950103 8,1071104
1,2963102 4,1194104
9,5053103
1,4126103
2,7374104 3,8948104
2,2233104 7,6788104 1,0909104
7,2684103 1,3032104
5,7380103
4,5216104
1,8619104
1,6569104
4,9116105 7,7652105
8,1354105 2,8316104 2,4280105
4,6450103 5,3376105
1,0242103
3,9421105
1,2924105 2,1376105
. 1.8
(1.31) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5. . 1.10
(1.1) (rect)
(1.31) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5.
G+(f), dB
0
-10
rect
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
n=5
-30
-50
-70
-90
-110
-130
-150
0
fT
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
. 1.10. (1.1)
(1.31) n = 1, 2, 3, 4 5
41
. 1.8
-4
F99% T
F60 T
4,07
2,42
26,60
5,04
2,71
15,21
6,07
3,18
11,71
6,73
3,49
9,90
10
7,64
3,94
9,72
12
, 60 n = 4 , n = 5. ,
, C/n + 1.
,
(1.31) (1.24) F99% 99% F60
60 . ,
(1.31) (1.24) n = 1, n > 1 .
, , ,
, ,
(1.24).
1.6.
(1.1) . , .
80- XX -
42
[10, 13],
, . - ,
.
, , . (1.1) ( ), 2T (
), T.
M- , ,
2T log2M .
log2M T, .. ,
(1.1) M- , c T. ,
. ,
2 , , , 2 .
- (1.1)
2T T:
t 2kT
(k )
a
cos(2f 0t + r ),
2
k 0=
k 0
(1.40)
N 1
N 1
(2)
( k ) (2)
(k )
( k ) t T 2kT
(k )
=
y2 N (t ) Ar yC ,2 N (=
t )cos(2f 0t + r ) Ar a
cos(2f 0t + r ),
2
k 0=
k 0
=
y2(1)N (t )
N 1
t )cos(2f 0t + (rk ) )
Ar( k ) yC(1),2 N (=
N 1
(k )
r

( )
43
, .
. 1.11 (1.40) a(t)
cos(x).
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
yC(1)
(t)/A0
,2N
t/T
k
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
k
yC(2)
(t)/A0
,2N
k+1
k+2
k+3
k+4
t/T
k+1
k+2
k+3
k+4
. 1.11. (1.40) a(t) cos(x)
, , .. . , , .. .
,
, , .
,
L (1.1), , LT:
=
yLN (t )
L N 1
y (t )
=
=
p 1
( p)
LN
=
p 1=
k 0
1 ( k ) t t p kLT
Ar a
L
L p
(k )
cos(2f 0t + rp ) , (1.41)
LT/2 t LT/2 + NLT + max{tp},
44
( p)
yLN
(t ) p- L- yLN(t), tp -
p- t = LT/2, T, -, , Ar(pk ) (rpk ) , k- p- M- , rp = 1, 2, , M p- , k = 0, 1,

, N 1
p- . 1
L -
. , ,
:
tp = (p 1)T.
a (pk ) (t , L) =
1 t t p kLT
a
L
L
(1.42)
, , N , . , ,
.
(1.1) k- k-
T/2 + kT t T/2 + kT, k = 0, 1, , N 1.
, (k = 0) .
(1.41) LN
L . , (p + kL 1)- k-
p-
LT/2 + tp + kLT t LT/2 + tp + kLT, k = 0, 1, , N 1.
45
(1.41) LN NLT + (L 1)T, (1.1) N

NT. ,

, N . , (1.41) L- (
) .
,
, . , .
,
, , . , . KPp(,kd,l ) k- p- l- d- :
LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T
KP
=
( k ,l )
p ,d
LT /2
{A
(k )
rp
a (pk ) (t , L)cos(2f 0t + (rpk ) )
(1.43)
Aq(dl ) ad(l ) (t , L)cos(2f 0t + (qld) ) dt.
,
k l , .
. , , k-
46

KP1,(dk ,k 1) KP1,(dk ,k ) , d = 2, 3, , L.
,
. KG p( k ) k-
p- :
L N 1
KG
(k )
p
= KPp(,kd,l ) .
(1.44)
=
d 1 =l 0
d p
, :
=
KG1( k )
( KP
L
d =2
( k ,k 1)
1,d
+ KP1,(dk ,k ) ) .
, , k-
k- .
, ,
, .
. .

LT/2 + kT t LT/2 + (k + 1)T, , , L = 8
M = 4 ML = 65 536. . , -
, max KG p( k ) = 0 , p ,k
.
[22] [25] ,
47

- .
, .. , 1 ( -2 ), , 0.
. , L = 2, , .
1.7.
-
.
- .
- ,
-
.
.
1.
,
-
.
2.

, - .
48
3.
.
4.
.
5.
49
2.
.
. -
. ,
. .
2.1. -
- (1.41), :
2
max { yLN
(t )}
P
= = lim
.
Pcp N 1 LT /2+ NLT +( L1)T 2
E
yLN (t )dt
NLT LT /2
(2.1)
, (1.41) (. 2.1)
(2.1)
T.
k- (1.41):
LT/2 T + kLT t LT/2 + kLT.
, k- ,
(, L- k- ):
max { y (t )}
2
LN
L 1
t t p kLT
Ar(pk ) a
max
LT
LT
L
L
t T + kLT ; + kLT p =1
2
2
(k )
f
t
cos(2
)
0
rp
50
a(1k )(t)
a(t)/A0
1
0.8
a(3k -1)(t)
a(3k )(t)
a(2k )(t)
a(4k -1)(t)
0.6
0.4
0.2
a(2k -1)(t)
0
4k - 2
4k - 1
4k
a(4k )(t)
4k + 1
t/T
4k + 2
. 2.1. (1.42) L = 4 a(t) cos(x)
2
yLN
(t ) :
L (k ) (k )
2
yLN
(t ) LT
Arp a p (t , L=
)cos(2f 0t + (rpk ) )
=
LT
t T + kLT ; + kLT
2
2
p =1
L (k ) (k )
L (k ) (k )
(k )
= Arp a p (t , L)cos(rp ) cos(2f 0t ) Arp a p (t , L)sin((rpk ) ) sin(2f 0t ) .
p 1 =p 1
,
x cos y sin
=
z cos( + ),
z cos = x, z sin = y, z 2= x 2 + y 2 ,
=
x
A
p =1
(k )
rp
a (pk ) (t , L)cos((rpk ) ) ,
51
=
y
A
p =1
(k )
rp
a (pk ) (t , L)sin((rpk ) )

2
L
2
Ar(pk ) a (pk ) (t , L)cos((rpk ) ) +
yLN
(t ) =
LT
LT
t T + kLT ; + kLT
p =1
2
2
L (k ) (k )
+ Arp a p (t , L)sin((rpk ) )
p =1
cos 2 (2f 0t ) =
L L (k ) (k ) (k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
2
A
A
a
t
L
a
t
L
(
,
)
(
,
)
cos
cos
sin
sin
=
+
rp qd p
d
rp
qd
rp
qd cos (2f 0t )
=p 1 =d 1
L L (k ) (k ) (k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
2
Arp Aqd a p (t , L)ad (t , L)cos rp qd cos (2f 0t ) .
=p 1 =d 1
(2.2)
,
:
P max
=
=
{ yLN2 (t )}
L L (k ) (k ) (k )
Arp Aqd a p (t , L)ad( k ) (t , L)cos (rpk ) (qkd ) .
LT
LT
T + kLT ; + kLT =
t
p 1=
d 1
2
2
max
(2.3)
, a (pk ) (t , L) , , , (2.3) Ar(pk ) ,
Aq(dk ) cos((rpk ) (qkd ) ) . ,

,
{ }
{ }
max
=
Ar(pk ) max
=
Aq(dk ) max cos((rpk ) =
(qkd ) ) 1 ,
, k- L
. , M. , (2.3)
52
. , , , a (pk ) (t , L)
,
2
L

(k )
P =
max
a p (t , L) .
LT
LT
t T + kLT ; + kLT p =1

2
2
(k = 0) (1.42), (2.3) :
2
t
t
p
.
P =
max a
L t LT T ; LT p =1 L
2
2
(2.4)
,
= /2 . [25, 32], - = 2 L = 2
a(t). (2.3)
: ; (2.4)
:
2
L t t 2 L
t t p
1
p
=
P
max ' a
+ '' a
,
L t LT T ; LT p 1 =
L
L
1
p
=

2
2
(2.5)
, p,
p.
(2.1). ,
T. k- (1.41):
Pcp
1 LT /2+ NLT +( L1)T 2
1 LT /2+ kLT 2
E=
y
(
t
)
dt
E
yLN (t )dt .
LN
NLT LT /2
T LT /2T + kLT
2
(2.2) yLN
(t ) -
53
1 LT /2+ kLT 2
Pcp E=
=
LT /2T + kLT yLN (t )dt
T
1 LT /2+ kLT L L ( k ) ( k ) ( k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
2
E
A
A
a
t
L
a
t
L
f
t
dt
(
,
)
(
,
)cos
cos
(2
)
rp qd p
d
rp
qd
0
LT /2T + kLT =p 1 =d 1
1
E
2T
L L (k ) (k ) (k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
A
A
a
t
L
a
t
L
dt
(
,
)
(
,
)cos
=
rp qd p
d
rp
qd
=
=
p
1
d
1

LT /2T + kLT
LT /2+ kLT
1
= E
2T
L ( k )2 ( k )2
Arp a p (t , L) +
LT /2T + kLT p =1
LT /2+ kLT
(k ) (k ) (k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
A
A
a
(
t
,
L
)
a
(
t
,
L
)cos
dt
=
rp qd p
d
rp
qd
p= 1 d= p +1

L 1
+ 2
1
=
2T
L
( k )2
( k )2
E Arp a p (t , L) +
LT /2T + kLT p =1
LT /2+ kLT
)}
(k ) (k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
(k )
E
A
A
cos
a
(
t
,
L
)
a
(
t
,
L
)
dt.
rp qd
rp
qd
p
d
p= 1 d= p +1
L 1
+2
E Ar(pk )2 =
M +1
3( M 1)
)} {
( )
( )
k)
E Ar(pk ) Aq(dk ) cos (r=
(qkd )
E Ar(pk ) cos (rpk ) Aq(dk ) cos (qkd )
p
( )} {
( )
(k )
Ar(pk ) sin (rpk ) Aq(dk ) sin =
E Z r(pkc) Z q(dkc) Z r(pks)=
Z q(dks)
qd
} {
= E Z r(pkc) Z q(dkc) E Z r(pks) Z q(dks) = 0,
LT /2+ kLT
L ( k )2
1
M +1
Pcp =
a
(
t
,
L
)
p
dt .
2T 3( M 1) LT /2T + kLT p =1
(k = 0) (1.42):
54
LT /2
L 1 2 t t p
M +1
1
Pcp =
a
dt .
2T 3( M 1) LT /2 T p =1 L L

x = (t tp)/L:
=
Pcp
=
1
M + 1 L T /2t p / L
=
a 2 ( x)dx
T
T
L
t
L
/2
/
p
2T 3( M 1) p =1
1
M + 1 L T /2 pT / L+T / L 2
a ( x)dx.
2T 3( M 1) p =1 T /2 pT / L
, p 1 L
[T/2, T/2]:
M + 1 T /2 2
1 LT /2+ kLT 2
1
=
P E=
y
t
dt
(
)
LT /2T + kLT LN
a (t )dt .
T
2T 3( M 1) T /2
(2.6)
(2.3) (k = 0) k
, (2.6), - L- :
L L
t t p t td
1
max Arp Aqd a
a L
LT
LT
L
L
t
T
;
p
d
1
1
=
=
2
3( M 1)
2
=2
Ea / T
M +1
cos(
)
rp
qd
. (2.7)
(2.7) -
, ,
. , (2.7)
M. , ..
, (2.7)
:
L t t 2
1
p
max a
LT
LT
L
L
t T ; p =1

3( M 1)
2
2
=2
.
Ea / T
M +1
(2.8)
55
(2.8)
M M. ,
L = 1 (2.8) (1.10), .
, = /2 , :
2
L t t 2 L
t t p
1
p
max ' a
+ '' a L
LT
LT
L
L
t T ; p 1 =
=
p1

3( M 1)
2
2
,
=2
M +1
Ea / T
(2.9)
, p,
p.
. 2.1 - (1.41) L = 2, 4, 8 a(t), (2.8).
. 2.1
cos(x)
cos2(x)
M=4
M = 16
M=
4,00
7,20
12,00
4,00
7,20
12,00
6,83
12,29
20,49
13,14
23,65
39,41
5,33
9,60
16,00
2,67
4,80
8,00
5,33
9,60
16,00
10,67
19,20
32,00
, , -,
L = 2 , , , cos2(). -, , L = 2 L = 4, -.
56
, , -,
, , - .
2.2.
(1.41):
2
N
1
( p)
G () lim
E S LN () ,
=
N NLT
p =1
( p)
=
S LN
()
(2.10)
( p)
yLN
(t )exp( jt )dt N- -
p- L- . ,
( p)
. 1.3, S LN
() :
( p)
LN
LT /2+t p + NLT N 1
()
LT /2+t p
LT /2+t p + NLT N 1
k =0
LT /2+t p
LT /2+t p + NLT N 1
LT /2+t p
k =0
k =0
1 ( k ) t t p kLT
(k )
Arp a =
cos(0t + rp )exp( jt )dt
L
L
t t p kLT
1 (k )
Arp exp( j(rpk ) )a
L
L
t t p kLT
1 (k )
Arp exp( j(rpk ) )a
L
L
exp( j ( 0 )t )dt +
j
t
dt
exp(
(
)
)
0
1 ( p)
( p )*
S LN ( 0 ) + S LN
( + 0 ) .
2
p- . , x = (t tp kLT)/L:
=
S ( 0 )
( p)
LN
LT /2+t p + NLT N 1
LT /2+t p
k =0
t t p kLT
=
exp( j(rpk ) )a
exp( j ( 0 )t )dt
L
L
Ar(pk )
57
N 1
Ar(pk )
k =0
T /2
T /2
0 ) Lx)dx
a ( x)exp( j ( =
N 1
1 ( L)
Fa ( 0 ) Ar(pk ) exp( j(rpk ) )exp( j ( 0 )(t p +=
kLT ))
L
k =0
=
=
exp( j(rpk ) )exp( j ( 0 )(t p + kLT )) L
N 1
LFa ( L( 0 ))exp( j ( 0 )t p ) Ar(pk ) exp( j(rpk ) )exp( j ( 0 )kLT ) ,

k =0
Fa( L ) ( =
0 ) L
T /2
T /2
a (t )exp( j ( 0 )=
Lt )dt LFa ( L( 0 ))
(2.11)
a(t/L).

(2.10)
2
N
1
( p)
) lim
G (=
E S LN () = G+ () + G (),
N NLT
p =1
L 1 L
L ( p)
2
1
( p)
( d )*
E S LN
( 0 ) + 2 Re ( S LN
( 0 ) S LN
( 0 ) ) ,
N 4 NLT
p= 1 d= p +1
p= 1
G+ () lim
=
L 1 L
L ( p)
2
1
( p)
( d )*
E S LN
( + 0 ) + 2 Re ( S LN
( + 0 ) S LN
( + 0 ) ) .
N 4 NLT
p= 1 d= p +1
p= 1
G () lim
=
G+():
( p)
E S LN
( =
0 )
L Fa ( L( 0 ))
N 1 N 1
exp( j ( )(k l ) LT )
=
k 0=l 0
(2.12)
E Ar(pk ) Aq(lp) exp( j(rpk ) j(qlp) ) .
0,
k l,
E Ar(pk ) Aq(lp) exp( j(rpk ) j(qlp) ) = M + 1

3( M 1) , k = l.
(2.13), (2.12):
(2.13)
58
( p)
( 0 )
=
E S LN
NL
M +1
2
Fa ( L( 0 )) .
3( M 1)
(2.14)
(2.14), ,
( p)
( d )*
E Re ( S LN
( 0 ) S LN
( 0 ) ) = 0 .
(2.15)
(2.14) (2.15), G+():

=
G+ ()
2
1
M +1
L
M +1
2
=
Fa( L ) ( 0 )
Fa ( L( 0 )) , (2.16)
4 LT 3( M 1)
4T 3( M 1)
< 0:
=
G ()
2
M +1
L
M +1
1
2
=
Fa( L ) ( + 0 )
Fa ( L( + 0 )) .
4 LT 3( M 1)
4T 3( M 1)
, (2.16)
M M. (2.16) , , -,
,
a(t). -, L L . , a(t)
,
. , .
2.3.

(1.18) .
, , .
(1.41), , M- . p- (p = 1, 2, , L) k-
t [LT/2 + tp + kLT, LT/2 + tp + kLT] r- (r = 1, 2, , M)
59
M 2 (L 1) . (L 1) spr(t, c), , p- r- , c (c = 1, 2, , M 2 (L 1)).

,
p- [10, 38, 40]:
M 2 ( L 1)
p ,rq (x)= lim (pZ,rq) (x)= lim M 2c(=L11)

Z
d =1
w( Z ) (x / s pr (t , c))
(2.17)
(Z )
w (x / s pq (t , d ))
, , : p- r-
spr(t), r q (r, q = 1, 2, , M)
p,rq > 1.
(2.18)
(2.17) (1.18) ,
p,rq
M 2 (L 1) . ,
, /. , ,
ln(rq). (2.18) ,
:
p-
spr(t),
rq
(r, q = 1, 2, , M)
lim
max {w( Z ) (x / s pr (t , c))}

c
max {w( Z ) (x / s pq (t , d ))}

d
> 1.
(2.19)
60
(2.19) (2.18).
, /,
. ,
, (, ), . , ,
, , (, ) . , /
(2.19).
(2.19), , M- .
, : spr(t, c) spq(t, c) p = 1, 2, , L, r q (r, q = 1, 2, , M)
c, d = 1, 2, , M 2 (L 1), .
2.4.
, , L , - ,
,
. a(t) (1.41),
(1.25) (1.21) (1.23), - .
61
, - KG KP , L.
. 1.5,
,
(1.32).

.
, , .
. ,
. , , ,
.
, , ,
- ,
(2.7) t [ LT / 2 T , LT / 2] . (2.7) t .
, ,
-. ,
m (1.21)
, , t , . ,
, - 2 ( ).
(2.7) t :
LT /2
1
P(t )
dt = 2 .
T LT /2 T Pcp
62
,
. ,
,
, , .
m , m,
. {ak( m ) } , k = 0, 1, 2, , m, {ak( m ) } {ak( m+1) } (..
a (t / L) / L ):
2
LT /2
( m +1)
m +1
a0( m ) m ( m )
1
2 a0
2
2
=
m ,m+1
+
+
a
kt
ak( m+1) cos
kt dt .
cos
LT
LT
LT
2
2

=
k 1=
k 1

LT /2
(2.20)
{ak( m ) } am( m+1) = 0 ,
, (2.20):
1
=
2m ,m+1
LT
a0( m ) a0( m+1) m+1 ( m )

2
kt dt
+ ( ak ak( m+1) ) cos
=
2
LT
=
k
1
LT /2
LT /2
T /2
a0( m ) a0( m+1) m+1 ( m )
1
2
( m +1)
a
a
cos
=
+
(
)
k
k
kt dt .
T T/2
2
T
k =1
(1.37),
2
1 (m)
1 m+1 ( m )
( m +1) 2
= ( a0 a0 ) + ( ak ak( m+1) ) .
4
2 k =1
2
m ,m +1
, {ak( m ) } ,
m, m + 1 0,001. 0,001 , ,
63
, ,
{ak( m ) } ( ) {ak( m+ z ) } z >> 1, ,
.
m, .
m,
.
m 1
m, m + 1
0,001. -
, m 0,001.
m 1.

[15]. ,
, , . , , ,
cosn(t/T) (, ), n
.
,
. , ,
.
..
64
, (1.36) , (1.37)
(1.39) . , , [LT/2, LT/2], :
a (t / L)
=
L
1 a0
2
2 + ak cos LT kt .
L
k =1
(2.21)
(1.25) (2.16):
=
g
2
1 +
1 ( L)
1 +
2
g
(
)
F
(
)
=
d
g
(
)
L
F
(
L
)
d.
a
a
2
L
2
(2.22)
(1.25) (2.22)
1
M +1
.
T 3( M 1)
(2.22) g(). ,
,
g() = 2n,
(2.23)
, , () L ,
g() = (L)2n.
(2.24)
, g() (2.23)
(2.24) ; , (1.25):
=
g
1 + 2 n
1 1 + 2 n
2
2
L
F
(
L
)
d
F
(
)
d
a
a
2
L2 n 2
(2.25)
=
g
1 +
1 + 2 n
2
2
2n
(
L
)
L
F
(
L
)
d
F
(
)
d .
a
a
2
2
(2.26)
65
, (2.25) (2.26), (2.23)

(2.24), ,
, .
, ,

(1.36)
T 2
J = ak2 k .
2 k =1 T
2n
:
2
1 a0
2
=+
ak cos
kt dt =
L
LT
2
k =1
LT /2
LT /2
( L)
a
a0
2
=
+
a
cos
Ea .
k
kt dt =
2
k =1
T /2
T /2
, (1.38):
T a02 2
1.
+ ak =
2 2 k =1
(1.23).

t = LT/2:
b +1
1 (b )
1
2
2
a (t / L)
=
ak (1) 2
k sin
kt
=
0 , b .
t = LT /2
L
L k =1
LT
LT t = LT /2
b
, . :
b
1 (b )
1
1 (b )
2
2
,
a (t / L)
=
ak (1) 2
k cos
kt
=
a (t )
b +1/2
t = T /2
LT
LT
L
L
L
=
1
k
t = LT /2
t = LT /2
b
b .
-
Lb + 1/2 , ,
66
, .
, ,
, (1.39):
b
k + 2
a0
(1 sign(b)) + ak (1) 2 k =
0, 0 b n 1, b .
T
2
k =1
b
, , ,

[23]. - .
- P = 16 ti t [ LT / 2 T , LT / 2] :
ti = LT/2 T +iT/P, i = 1, 2, 3, , P.
(2.27)
{ti}, t0 = LT/2 T, t [ LT / 2 T , LT / 2] ,
- t0 ,
tP. - P :
2
2T 3( M 1) L ti t p
a
,
L
M + 1 p =1 L
(2.28)
i = 1, 2, , P, (1.21). (2.21) (2.28) , .

. 1.6 (1.43) (1.44) . , , , , .
-, L > 2 -
67
. : .
.
(1.41) (. 2.1),
. k- 1- .
k-
1- l- d- :
KP1,(dk ,l )
1
2L
1
L
LT /2+ NLT +
+ ( L 1)T
LT /2
) (l )
Ar(1k ) a1( k ) (t , L)cos(2f 0t + (r1k ) ) Aq(dl=
ad (t , L)cos(2f 0t + (qld) )dt
LT /2+ NLT +
+ ( L 1)T
LT /2
Ar(1k ) Aq(dl ) a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L){cos((r1k ) (qld) ) + cos(4f 0t + (r1k ) + (qld) )}dt.
:
( k ,l )
1,d
KP
1 ( k ) (l )
Ar1 Aqd cos((r1k ) (qld) )
2L
LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T
a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L)dt .
(2.29)
LT /2
. ,
= /2,
. . , . ,
{ }
{ }
max
=
Ar(1k ) max
=
Aq(dl ) 1
max cos((r1k ) (qld) ) =1 ,
68
k- 1- l- d- :
( k ,l )
1,d
max{KP
A, ,l
1
} = max
l
2 L
LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T
LT /2
a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L)dt .
(2.30)
, KP1,(dk ,k 1)
KP1,(dk ,k ) , (2.30) 2 : l = k 1
l = k. k- 1-
, :
( k ,l )
1,d
max{KP
A, ,l ,d
1
} = max
l ,d
2 L
LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T
LT /2
a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L)dt ,
(2.31)
l = k 1, l = k d = 2, 3, , L.
(d, l) (2.31)
2(L 1) , (L 1).
, (2.31) :
(d = 2 + i, l = k 1) (d = L i, l = k),
i = 0, 1, , L 1. (2.31):
( k ,l )
1,d
max{KP
A, ,l ,d
1 LT /2+ NLT +( L1)T ( k )
(k )
a
t
L
a
t
L
dt
} max
(
,
)
(
,
)
=
d
1
d >1
2 L
LT /2
1 LT /2+ kLT + LT t kLT t t kLT

d
max
a
a
=
dt
d >1
2
L
L
L

LT /2+ kLT +td
1
= max
d >1
2
td

a ( t kT ) a t L kT dt .
T /2+ kT +td / L
T /2+ kT +T
,
k- 1- , :
69
1
max {KP } max
=
A,,k ,l , p ,d
d >1
2
( k ,l )
p ,d
(
)
(
/
)
a
t
a
t
t
L
dt
,
d
T /2+td / L
T /2
(2.32)
d = 2, 3, , L. (1.21), ,
1/2:
KPp(,kd,l ) 1 / 2 .
, , KPp(,kd,l ) / 2 .
(2.32),
p [0, 1 / 2] (L 1) :
T /2
T /2+td / L
a (t )a (t td / L)dt 2 p , d = 2, 3, , L.
(2.33)
.
k- 1- :
(k )
KG1=
L N 1
,l )
KPp(,k=
d
d 2=l 0
=
( KP
L
d 2
=
1 L l =k ( k ) (l )
=
Ar1 Aqd cos((r1k ) (qld) )
2 L d = 2 l= k 1
( k ,k 1)
1,d
)
+ KP1,(dk ,k=
)
LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T
a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L)dt .
(2.34)
LT /2
, , , ,
A A cos(
(k )
r1
(l )
qd
(k )
r1
LT /2+ NLT +( L1)T ( k )
(l )
a
(
t
,
L
)
a
(
t
,
L
)
dt
) =sign
,
1
d
/2
LT
(l )
qd
(2.35)
l = k 1, l = k d = 2, 3, , L. (2.35) k- 1- :
70
LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T
1 L l =k
max{KG } =
2 L d = 2 l= k 1
(k )
1
a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L)dt .
(2.36)
LT /2
(2.31), (2.36) (L 1)
2(L 1). , , (2.31), :
T /2+ kT +T
a ( t kT ) a t d kT dt .
L
d = 2 T /2+ kT +td / L
L
=
KG }
max{
(k )
1
(2.37)
, ,
k- 1-
,
(2.37) , :
=
max{KG p( k ) }
p ,k
d =2
T /2
T /2+td / L
a (t )a (t td / L)dt .
(2.38)
, (L 1):
KG p( k ) L 1 .
, , , 2(L 1)
, .

KG p( k ) / ( L 1) .
(2.38),
g [0, L 1] :
L
d =2
T /2
T /2+td / L
a (t )a (t td / L)dt g .
(2.39)
.
(2.21) (2.33) (2.39)
, .
71
, (2.33) (2.39)
.
,
, = /2 , L L/2.
- = 2,01,
, ,
= 0,01.
, m,
, , - 2,00 0,02 , .. .

(1.36) (1.38), (1.39), -
(2.28) (2.33) (2.39).
,
. ,
=
G+ ()
L
M +1
2
Fa ( L( 0 )) ,
4T 3( M 1)
.. , Fa(L( 0)). (1.32) (2.11):

Fa ( L 2f )
=
T /2
T /2
T /2
a (t )exp(=
j 2fLt )dt
b cos T
T /2 k =0
2f = ( 0), b0 = a0/2 bk = ak k = 1, 2, , m.
:
kt exp( j 2fLt )dt ,
72
T /2
=
Fa ( L 2f )
b cos T
k
T /2 k =0
T /2
=
kt cos(2fLt )dt
b cos
T
T /2 k =0
T /2
fLt ) j sin(2fLt ) )dt

kt ( cos(2=
m
1
=
bk cos ( 2 ( fL + k / T ) t ) + cos ( 2 ( fL k / T ) t ) dt .
2 T/2 k =0
fLT. fLT n,
n [m, m],
1 m 2sin ( ( fL + k / T ) T ) 2sin ( ( fL k / T ) T )
Fa ( L 2f )
=
+
bk 2 ( fL + k / T )=
2 k =0
2 ( fL k / T )
1 m sin ( ( fLT + k ) ) sin ( ( fLT k ) )

=
+
=
bk
2 k =0 ( fL + k / T )
( fL k / T )
1 m
2fL
=
=
(1) k bk sin(fLT )
2 k =0
(fL) 2 (k / T ) 2
T m
fLT
(1) k bk sin(fLT )
=
.
(fLT ) 2 k 2
k =0
fLT = n,
Fa ( L 2f ) =
T
a .
2 n
:
LT
M +1
=
G+ (2f )
2
4 3( M 1)
fLT
(1) bk sin(fLT )
, fLT n,
2
2
fLT
k
(
)
k =0
m
LT
M +1 2
=
=
G+ (2f )
a , fLT n.
16 3( M 1) n
(2.40)
(2.40)
.
73
2.5. 2
1.
, a(t)
-, - .
2.
a(t) L.
a(t) L- L .
3.
, - .
4.
- -
.
5.
,

.
6.
, -
,
.
.
74
3.

,

, - . , , .
.
- , ,
g p, , -
.
L = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 = 6, 10,
14.
, m,
, m + 1 0,001. m 40.
3.1. -

, (
) . - L, L - -
75
L- -
L.
- , ,
. , > L , L

max(L)
= L.
min
= 2,01.
. 3.1 max(L) -4
= 6 L.
. 3.1
L
max(L)
16
32
2,97
5,54
11,03
22,06
44,12
min max(L) , - .
:
= {2,01 2,49 2,97 4,26 5,54 8,29 11,03 16,54 22,06 33,09 44,12}.
(3.1)
L (3.1),
max(L).
L = 32.
- -4 -2,

= /2.
76
(2.8) (2.9)
3( M 1)
M +1
3( M 1)
M +1
, M -, .
3.1.1. -4
. 3.1
F = F99% / R, . 3.1 F60
-4, = 6 L = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. . 3.1
.
, L, (3.1) , , , ; , L = 32 .
, , L, .
, L = 32
, L = 16 ..
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
-1
10
10
77
F-60 dB
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
10
10
g 10
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
10
10
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
-1
10
10
. 3.1. -4 = 6
- -
78
. 3.2 L = 2, 4, 8, 16
32 , = 6.
1.2
1
a(t)/A0
= 2.49
= 2.97
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-1
1.2
1
t/T
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0.25
0.5
a(t)/A0
0.75
= 2.49
= 2.97
= 4.26
= 5.54
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-2
1.2
1
t/T
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
a(t)/A0
1.5
= 2.49
= 2.97
= 4.26
= 5.54
= 8.29
= 11.03
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-4
t/T
-3
-2
-1
79
1.2
1
a(t)/A0
= 2.49
= 2.97
= 4.26
= 5.54
= 8.29
= 11.03
= 16.54
= 22.06
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
t/T
-6
-8
1.2
1
-4
-2
a(t)/A0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-12
= 2.97
= 4.26
= 5.54
= 8.29
= 11.03
= 16.54
= 22.06
= 33.09
= 44.12
0.8
-16
-8
-4
12
t/T
16
. 3.2. - -4 = 6
. 3.2 ,
-, .. a(t)

. . ,
32-
= 22,06 (. 3.2) , ,
16- . -
= 2,49 2-.
,
, L -
80
. , . 3.3 = 5,54 L = 4, 8, 16, 32.

, .
0.8 a(t)/A0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-2
t/T
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
. 3.3. - -4 = 6
= 5,54 L = 4, 8, 16, 32
L , - = 2,01. , ,
. [16],
, m 40 .
32- - = 2,49 , , m = 40
.
. 3.2 - -4 = 6. ,
L ,
m = 40 .
p ,
. , L 16 p.
81
. 3.2
L
16
32
F99% T
F60 T
2,01
2,49
0,12
0,061
1,54
6,08
2,97
0,19
0,095
1,36
7,41
2,01
11
2,49
0,12
0,061
1,54
5,70
2,97
0,24
0,121
1,29
3,44
4,26
0,56
0,257
0,89
2,44
5,54
0,88
0,339
0,68
3,70
2,01
18
2,49
0,12
0,061
1,55
4,44
14
2,97
0,24
0,121
1,29
3,47
10
4,26
0,56
0,256
0,89
2,43
10
5,54
0,88
0,339
0,69
1,92
8,29
1,57
0,421
0,46
1,60
11,03
2,26
0,454
0,34
1,85
2,01
31
2,49
0,12
0,060
1,56
3,90
21
2,97
0,24
0,119
1,30
2,68
16
4,26
0,56
0,255
0,90
2,00
12
5,54
0,88
0,338
0,69
1,55
10
8,29
1,57
0,421
0,46
1,27
11,03
2,25
0,454
0,35
0,93
16,54
3,61
0,479
0,23
0,70
22,06
5,01
0,488
0,17
0,93
2,01
2,49
34
2,97
0,22
0,110
1,31
2,12
82
32
4,26
0,56
0,255
0,90
1,98
25
5,54
0,88
0,338
0,69
1,55
12
8,29
1,55
0,419
0,47
0,77
12
11,03
2,24
0,453
0,35
0,77
12
16,54
3,62
0,479
0,23
0,73
22,06
5,00
0,488
0,17
0,47
33,09
7,74
0,495
0,11
0,34
44,12
10,53
0,497
0,08
0,46
. 3.13.3 . 3.2 .
1.
L -4 = 6 ,
- = 2,01.
2.
L -,
.. .
3.
- 60 .
4.
F -
- (LF F),
. L < LF
- , L > LF
- = F,
L-
LF-.
F = 0,12 LF = 16 F = 16,54.
5.
F, L, .
83
6.
, , , .. .
L -, ..
7.
,
, .

- -4 = 10, 14. ,
= 6,
= 10, 14.
. 3.4 F,
. 3.4 F60 -4, L = 32
= 6, 10, 14. . 3.4
.
=6
= 10
= 14
-1
10
10
F-60 dBT
=6
= 10
= 14
10
10
84
g 10
=6
= 10
= 14
10
10
=6
= 10
= 14
-1
10
10
. 3.4. 32- -4
- -
, ,
. ,
, , .
. 3.4 , F60 . , -
85

G() ~ 1/. , (, 40 ,
60 ) .
3.1.2. -2
. 3.5 F
-2 (
= /2 )
= 6. . 3.5 .
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
10
-1
10
10
g
0
10
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
-2
10
10
86
p
-1
10
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
-2
10
10
. 3.5. -2 = 6
- -
. 3.6 L = 2, 4, 8, 16
32 , = 6.
a(t)/A0
= 2.01
= 2.27
= 2.52
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-1
t/T
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0.25
0.5
1 a(t)/A
0.75
= 2.01
= 2.27
= 2.52
= 2.65
= 2.77
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-2
t/T
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
87
a(t)/A0
= 2.01
= 2.27
= 2.52
= 2.65
= 2.77
= 4.14
= 5.51
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
t/T
-3
-4
1
-2
-1
a(t)/A0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.8
-6
-4
-2
a(t)/A0
0.4
0.2
0
-12
t/T
8
= 2.27
= 2.52
= 2.65
= 2.77
= 4.14
= 5.51
= 8.27
= 11.03
= 16.54
= 22.06
0.6
-16
= 2.01
= 2.27
= 2.52
= 2.65
= 2.77
= 4.14
= 5.51
= 8.27
= 11.03
0.8
-8
-8
-4
12
t/T
16
. 3.6. - -2 = 6
88
. 3.6 , , -4,
a(t) . . ,
32- = 8,27 (. 3.6) , ,
16- . -
= 2,01 2-.
, -4, , L
. , . 3.7 = 2,65 L = 4, 8, 16, 32.
, .
0.8
a(t)/A0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-2
t/T
-0.5
-1
-1.5
0.5
1.5
. 3.7. - -2 = 6
= 2,65 L = 4, 8, 16, 32
. 3.3 - -2 = 6.
. 3.3
L
m
2
F99% T
F60 T
2,01
0,00
0,000
1,34
8,17
2,27
0,00
0,000
1,32
7,81
89
16
32
2,52
0,00
0,000
1,36
7,41
12
2,01
0,00
0,001
1,11
4,77
2,27
0,07
0,034
0,85
2,83
2,52
0,13
0,065
0,76
2,65
2,65
0,16
0,081
0,71
3,39
2,77
0,19
0,095
0,68
3,70
18
2,01
0,00
0,001
1,13
4,31
11
2,27
0,07
0,034
0,85
2,78
10
2,52
0,13
0,064
0,76
2,52
2,65
0,16
0,080
0,72
1,90
2,77
0,19
0,096
0,69
1,90
4,14
0,53
0,247
0,46
1,60
5,51
0,88
0,339
0,34
1,85
27
2,01
0,00
0,001
1,16
3,26
21
2,27
0,07
0,033
0,86
2,55
14
2,52
0,13
0,064
0,76
1,77
13
2,65
0,16
0,079
0,72
1,63
12
2,77
0,19
0,096
0,69
1,55
10
4,14
0,53
0,246
0,46
1,27
5,51
0,87
0,337
0,35
0,93
8,27
1,56
0,420
0,23
0,70
11,03
2,26
0,454
0,17
0,93
2,01
35
2,27
0,07
0,034
0,85
2,16
28
2,52
0,13
0,064
0,76
1,75
27
2,65
0,16
0,079
0,72
1,63
25
2,77
0,19
0,096
0,69
1,55
12
4,14
0,52
0,242
0,47
0,77
12
5,51
0,87
0,336
0,35
0,77
90
12
8,27
1,56
0,420
0,23
0,73
11,03
2,25
0,454
0,17
0,47
16,54
3,62
0,479
0,12
0,34
22,06
5,01
0,488
0,08
0,46
. 3.53.7 . 3.3 , , -4,

-2. -4, L ,
- = 2,01, -2 -4. , = 6 L = 2,
F, 2-
.
-2
= 10, 14 , , = 6, = 10, 14.
. 3.8 F,
. 3.8 F60 -2, L = 32
= 6, 10, 14. . 3.8
.
F 100
=6
= 10
= 14
-1
10
10
91
F-60 dBT
=6
= 10
= 14
10
10
g
0
10
=6
= 10
= 14
-2
10
10
p
-1
10
=6
10
-3
10
= 10
= 14
-2
10
. 3.8. 32- -2
- -
92
, ,
-4,
. , , .

G() ~ 1/.
3.1.3. -2 -4

- -2 -4 . 3.9 F, . 3.8
F60 L = 32 = 10. . 3.8
.
M-4
M-2
)
-1
10
10
F-60 dBT
M-4
M-2
10
10
93
g
M-4
M-2
10
-2
10
10
p
M-4
M-2
-1
10
)
-2
10
10
. 3.9. 32- -2 -4
- -
,
-2 -4. , -2 - = 2,01, -4 L . ,
2,5 L-
-4 (2L)- -2.
94
3.2.

g p. g, max(L) p, max(L) . . 3.4 g, max(L)
p, max(L) = 6 L.
. 3.4
L
16
32
g, max(L)
0,19
0,88
2,26
5,01
10,53
p, max(L)
0,095
0,339
0,454
0,488
0,497
,
g, min = 0,01 p, min = 0,01. g, min, g, max(L) p, min, p, max(L)
,
.

:
g = {0,01 0,10 0,19 0,53 0,88 1,57 2,26 3,64 5,01 7,77 10,53},
p = {0,010 0,053 0,095 0,217 0,339 0,397 0,454 0,471 0,488 0,493 0,497}.
(3.2)
-4. (2.33) (2.39)

.
, , = /2
95
,
L L/2.
3.2.1.
. 3.10 F,
. 3.10 F60 g -4 = 6.
. 3.10 -
g .
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
-1
10
g
-2
10
-1
10
10
F-60 dBT
10
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
10
g
-2
10
-1
10
10
10
96
p
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
-1
10
-2
10
g
-2
-1
10
10
10
10
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
40
30
20
10
g
-2
-1
10
10
10
10
. 3.10. -4 = 6

. 3.11 L = 2, 4, 8, 16
32 g, = 6.
a(t)/A0
= 0.01
g
= 0.10
g
= 0.19
g
0.5
0
-1
t/T
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0.25
0.5
0.75
97
a(t)/A0
= 0.01
g
= 0.10
g
0.8
= 0.19
g
0.6
= 0.53
0.4
= 0.88
g
0.2
0
-0.2
-2
t/T
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
1 a(t)/A0
= 0.01
g
0.8
= 0.10
0.6
= 0.19
0.4
= 0.53
0.2
= 0.88
= 1.57
-0.2
= 2.26
-4
g
g
g
g
g
t/T
-3
-2
-1
= 0.01
g
1 a(t)/A
= 0.10
= 0.19
0.8
0.6
= 0.53
0.4
= 0.88
g
0.2
= 1.57
= 2.26
-0.2
= 3.64
-8
-6
-4
-2
=6 5.01 8
g
t/T
98
= 0.01
g
1 a(t)/A0
= 0.10
g
= 0.19
0.8
0.6
= 0.53
0.4
= 0.88
0.2
= 1.57
g
= 2.26
-0.2
= 3.64
g
-16
-12
-8
-4
t/T
=
125.01 16
g
. 3.11. -4 = 6
. 3.11 ,
, .. g, a(t)
, -, , ( )
, sin(x)/xu. , L,
sin(x)/xu . sin(x)/xu ,
-
.
sin(x)/xu.
, g
, L.
, sin(x)/xu
, . . 3.12 -4, = 6, g = 0,10, L = 8, 16, 32.
99
1 a(t)/A0
L=8
L = 16
L = 32
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
t/T
-0.2
-16
-4
-8
-12
16
12
. 3.12.
-4, g = 0,10, = 6 L = 8, 16, 32
. 3.5 -4 = 6.
. 3.5
L
F99% T
F60 T
3,44
0,01
0,005
1,83
8,66
3,04
0,10
0,050
1,59
5,75
2,97
0,19
0,095
1,36
7,41
3,85
0,01
0,005
1,32
5,41
4,64
0,10
0,044
1,18
4,68
4,51
0,19
0,056
1,15
4,31
4,25
0,53
0,247
0,90
3,61
5,54
0,88
0,339
0,68
3,70
12
5,98
0,01
0,004
1,11
3,54
12
6,01
0,10
0,042
1,09
3,30
11
5,64
0,19
0,088
1,07
3,04
5,76
0,53
0,257
0,79
2,08
6,37
0,88
0,344
0,64
2,11
100
16
32
8,52
1,57
0,422
0,45
1,79
11,03
2,26
0,454
0,34
1,85
19
9,24
0,01
0,004
1,03
2,82
18
8,51
0,10
0,049
1,03
2,67
18
7,72
0,19
0,094
1,02
2,62
10
6,33
0,53
0,258
0,78
1,30
10
7,07
0,88
0,341
0,62
1,43
10,09
1,57
0,425
0,41
1,11
12,93
2,26
0,455
0,31
1,00
16,89
3,64
0,479
0,22
0,90
22,06
5,01
0,488
0,17
0,93
28
12,82
0,01
0,004
1,00
2,00
27
11,60
0,10
0,049
1,00
1,92
26
10,28
0,19
0,094
0,99
1,83
18
6,46
0,53
0,258
0,78
1,16
17
7,35
0,88
0,340
0,62
0,95
11
10,94
1,57
0,425
0,41
0,75
10
14,38
2,26
0,456
0,30
0,68
19,72
3,64
0,480
0,21
0,62
25,47
5,01
0,488
0,16
0,55
33,66
7,77
0,495
0,11
0,45
44,12
10,53
0,497
0,08
0,46
. 3.103.12 . 3.5 .
1.
L , .. g,
F
g .
101
2.
F60.
3.
g = 0,01, .. , L, L = 16
[5, 19]. L.
4.
g 0,2 , L,
. , g > 0,2
F (LF F), . L < LF
g , L > L
g = F .
5.
F, .. g > 0,2, -
L - .
6.
g p
L; g p.
7.
L -
, ..
g,
,
.

-4 = 10, 14 , ,
= 6 = 10, 14.
. 3.13 F,
. 3.13 F60 g -4, L = 32
102
= 6, 10, 14. . 3.13 - g .
=6
= 10
= 14
-1
10
g
-2
10
-1
10
10
F-60 dBT
10
=6
= 10
= 14
10
g
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
10
p
=6
= 10
= 14
-1
10
-2
10
g
-2
10
-1
10
10
10
103
=6
= 10
= 14
40
30
20
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
10
. 3.13. 32- -4

, ,
, - g . , , g,
.
. 3.13 , F60 .
3.2.2.
. 3.14 F,
. 3.14 F60 p -4 = 6.
. 3.14 -
p .
104
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
-1
10
-2
p
-1
10
10
F-60 dBT
10
-2
-1
10
p
-1
10
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
10
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
-2
10
-1
10
10
10
105
L = 32
L = 16
L=8
L=4
L=2
40
30
20
10
p
-2
-1
10
10
. 3.14. -4 = 6

. 3.15 L = 2, 4, 8, 16
32 32 ( L = 32) p, = 6.
a(t)/A0
= 0.010
p
= 0.053
= 0.095
p
0.5
0
-1
t/T
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0.25
0.5
a(t)/A0
0.75
= 0.010
p
= 0.053
p
= 0.095
p
0.5
= 0.217
p
= 0.339
p
0
-2
t/T
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
106
1 a(t)/A0
= 0.010
p
0.8
= 0.053
0.6
= 0.095
0.4
= 0.217
0.2
= 0.339
= 0.397
-0.2
= 0.454
-4
p
p
p
p
p
t/T
-3
-2
-1
= 0.010
p
1 a(t)/A0
= 0.053
p
= 0.095
p
= 0.217
0.5
= 0.339
= 0.397
p
= 0.454
p
= 0.471
t/T
-8
-6
-4
-2
1 a(t)/A0
=60.488 8
p
= 0.010
p
0.8
= 0.053
0.6
= 0.095
0.4
= 0.217
0.2
0
-0.2
-16
t/T
-12
-8
-4
12
16
107
0.4
a(t)/A0
= 0.010
p
0.3
= 0.053
0.2
= 0.095
0.1
= 0.217
= 0.339
-0.1
= 0.397
-0.2
= 0.454
p
p
p
p
p
t/T
-16
-12
-8
-4
12
16
. 3.15. -4 = 6
. 3.15 , ,
, p a(t) sin(x)/xu. p < 0,048
. ,
.
. p > 0,048,
.. , .
-,
sin(x)/xu - .
p ,
L. . 3.16
-4, = 6, p = 0,217 L = 8, 16, 32.
108
0.8
a(t)/A0
L=8
L = 16
L = 32
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-16
t/T
-4
-8
-12
16
12
. 3.16.
-4, p = 0,217, = 6 L = 8, 16, 32
. 3.6 -4 = 6.
. 3.6
L
F99% T
F60 T
3,41
0,02
0,010
1,81
8,40
3,01
0,11
0,052
1,58
5,55
2,97
0,19
0,095
1,36
7,41
3,61
0,04
0,010
1,29
5,17
5,26
0,22
0,052
1,11
5,38
5,08
0,28
0,095
1,08
5,13
4,21
0,44
0,217
0,96
3,77
5,54
0,88
0,339
0,68
3,70
11
6,48
0,08
0,010
1,09
3,04
10
7,73
0,36
0,052
0,98
3,27
7,64
0,65
0,095
0,87
2,84
10,39
1,43
0,217
0,63
2,57
8,31
1,05
0,339
0,56
2,54
109
16
32
7,85
1,26
0,397
0,50
1,97
11,03
2,26
0,454
0,34
1,85
10
11,00
0,18
0,010
1,00
2,24
10,22
0,77
0,052
0,90
1,84
11,27
1,19
0,095
0,79
1,82
16,70
2,39
0,217
0,55
1,62
19,71
3,11
0,339
0,41
1,34
23,08
4,03
0,397
0,33
1,33
16,01
2,63
0,454
0,28
1,27
15,29
2,95
0,471
0,26
1,00
22,06
5,01
0,488
0,17
0,93
21
15,92
0,33
0,010
0,98
1,58
19
15,55
1,46
0,052
0,86
1,45
19
23,75
2,59
0,095
0,75
1,19
16
32,82
4,89
0,217
0,49
0,94
41,89
6,72
0,339
0,35
0,86
41,26
7,15
0,397
0,28
0,81
38,46
6,93
0,454
0,21
0,77
44,49
8,14
0,471
0,17
0,46
31,83
5,76
0,488
0,14
0,64
30,33
6,33
0,492
0,13
0,49
44,12
10,53
0,497
0,08
0,46
. 3.143.16 . 3.6 .
1.
L
, .. p, F
p.
110
2.
p , , .
F60
3.
p .
p
4.
.
, p < 0,2 - -
5.
p ,
. p > 0,2 -
, p.

-4 = 10, 14 , ,
= 6, = 10, 14.
. 3.17 F,
. 3.17 F60 p -4, L = 32
= 6, 10, 14. . 3.17 - p .
=6
= 10
= 14
-1
10
p
-2
10
-1
10
111
=6
= 10
= 14
F-60 dBT
10
p
-2
-1
10
10
-1
10
=6
= 10
= 14
-2
10
10
10
60
50
40
=6
= 10
= 14
30
20
10 -2
10
p
-1
10
. 3.17. 32- -4

112
, , p
. , ,
p, .
C F60 c
.
3.2.3.

. 3.18 p g
-4, = 6 L = 4, 8, 16, 32, 14
, 58 .
-1
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-2
10 -2
10
-1
10
10
10
. 3.18. -4, = 6 L = 4, 8, 16, 32
, p g ;
g p
. : ,
L
113
, .
,
, , , .
, . , ,
. , ,
, .. .

g L.
3.3. -

, . 3.1 3.2,
- . . 3.19 -4, = 6 L = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 g.
g, 2 L 16. .
, , -,

, - .
114
-, g . , , .. ,
- . , g.
. 3.19. -
-4 = 6
-, g L, .
L > L, g L- . ,
= 7,5 g = 1,0 L = 16.
3.4. 3
1.
, -

- ,
-
115
. , L = 2 L = 16
-4 = 6
F = 0,68 F = 0,09.
2.
, g -
. , , ..
, - .
3.
L, .
L > L, g L- . ,
= 7,5 g = 1,0 L = 16.
4.
g = 0,01, .. , L, L = 16
. -
L.
5.
L -
,
, .
116
4.
, , .
.
, .

.
4.1.

[27],
. 4.1.
fclk/2
Yfclk
fclk/(2L)
fclk
...
S-P
1/L
{0, 1} S-P
1/2
cos(0t)
/2
...
S-P
1/L
. 4.1.

117
. 4.1. L- c LT M- . fclk = log2M / T . , , - (S-P), fclk , ,

. ,
- ,
fclk. .
( ), L ; : ,
, , L-. - fclk / 2.
, () fclk / 2L . fclk / 2L.
( . 4.1
): 1 = 0, 2 = 1 / (fclk / 2), .. p- p = (p 1) / (fclk / 2).
,
, log2M / 2. , LT.
LT, ..
. , . (
118
Y fclk) - . Y , .

- .
, .

, .
, .

(. 4.2).
- , . . 4.1
log2M , .. , .
fclk
Yfclk
fclk/L
S-P
1/L
...
{0, 1}
x
cos(0t)
. 4.2.

119
. 4.1 . 4.2

. - .
fclk/2
Yfclk
fclk/L
fclk
...
S-P
2/L
{0, 1} S-P
1/2
cos(0t)
/2
...
S-P
2/L
. 4.3.
, = /2
. 4.3 , = /2.
. 4.1 ,
, , . 4.2 log2M .

[3637]. . 4.1 - F99% 8- -4 = 6,

120
g = 0,53, N .
. .
. 4.1
Y
N
-4
F99% T
16
32
64
38,28%
12,01%
1,59%
1,59%
1,59%
16
30,79%
11,78%
2,84%
0,68%
0,19%
>100%
>100%
2,15%
0,38%
<0,01%
16
>100%
>100%
1,90%
0,13%
<0,01%
0,3050
0,1589
0,0804
0,0409
0,0214
16
0,3049
0,1586
0,0800
0,0401
0,0201
. 4.1 , . , Y = 64 N = 16 - 0,2%.
. 3 ,
16 8 2%.
Y, , 16
128 .
. . 4.4 2- -2,

= /2. , - = 2,01 = 14. -
121

. 4.2.
. 4.2
a0
1,6054100
a4
4,9269102
a8
5,0257104
a1
8,2107101
a5
1,0502102
a9
2,0069104
a2
1,3842101
a6
4,1017103
a10
9,0947105
a3
1,2412101
a7
1,1754103
a11
4,4040105
. 4.4 {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, } .
a)
y(1)
(t)/A0
2N,I
0
-1
-1
1
b)
t/T
0
y(2)
(t)/A0
2N,Q
0
-1
-1
1
c)
t/T
0
6 t/T
y2N(t)/A0
0
-1
-1
. 4.4. ab); , f0 = 5/T c)
122
a)
y(1)
(t)/A0
2N,I
0
-1
-1 (2)
1
b)
t/T
0
y2N,Q(t)/A0
0
-1
-1 (2)
1
t/T
0
y2N,Q(t)/A0
0
-1
-1
2
e)
d)
y2N,I(t)/A0
-1
-1 (1)
c)
t/T
t/T
0
y2N(t)/A0
0
-2
-1
t/T
0
. 4.5.
ad); ,
f0 = 5/T e)
. 4.5 2-
-4. , = 6. . 4.3.
123
. 4.3
a0
1,3965100
a4
1,5390102
a1
9,8854101
a5
6,4256103
a2
2,1131101
a6
3,0671103
a3
5,2437102
a7
1,6627103
. 4.5 {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, }
.
, ( ) -
.

.
4.2.

[31, 34], . 4.6.
cos(0t + )
/2
x
. 4.6.

P-S {0, 1}
2/1
124
. 4.6.
. ,
.
.
, 0 , (.
. 1.4).
, . , , .
-
.
(. . 4.1).
.
. , , :
L N 1
yLN ,c / s (t ) =
p 1=
k 0
=
1 (k ) (k )
Ar ,c / s a p (t , L) ,
L p
, Ar(pk,)s Ar(pk ) sin (rpk ) .

=
Ar(pk,)c Ar(pk ) cos (rpk )=
, , , .
125
k-
p-
L- :
LT /2+ kLT +t p
KI
=
[yLN ,c (t ) + n(t )]a (pk ) (t , L)=

dt
LT /2+ kLT +t p
LT /2+ kLT +t p
=
KG p( k ) +
(k ) (k )
(k )
L Arp ,c a p (t , L) + n(t ) a p (t , L)dt ,
LT /2+ kLT +t p
(4.1)
n(t), . 1.4, , .
,
..
KG p( k ) = 0,01, (1.21), (4.1):

LT /2+ kLT +t p
(k )
KI
Arp ,c +
n(t )a (pk ) (t , L)dt .
L
LT /2+ kLT +t p
(4.2)
[9], . ,
KI Ar(pk,)c . , (. . 1.4), Ar(pk,)c
:
=
q arg min {KI L / Aq( kp ,)c } ,
q =1, ..., M
(k )
Arp ,c = Aq( kp ,)c .
, :
( KI) .
,
,
:
126
(4.2) KG p( k ) ,
/,
.
. 2.3 ,
, (2.18) (2.19). , , -,
.

, [6]. .
, , ,
, :
min
{r }
LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T
LT /2
( x(t ) y LN (t ,{r})) 2 dt ,
(4.3)
{r} , {r}.
(4.3) MLN , , , M.
(4.3), , , .

Llog2(M)/2 (. . 4.1),
log2(M)/2 .
T -
, .. log2(M)/2 -
127
. ,
Llog2(M)/2, T log2(M)/2 ,
, .. .
. 2 L log 2 ( M )/2 , , . () 2log 2 ( M )/2 . , log2(M)/2
L = 2, M = 4. . 4.7 , 4
2, ,
.
, : ( ), ( ) .
(00)
(00)
(01)
(01)
(10)
(10)
(11)
(11)
. 4.7. L = 2, M = 4
T - . , . 4.7, , , .
, , . -
128
, log2(M)/2 . . 4.8, , . 4.7. , (00), {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, }
(00)
(01)
(10)
(11)
. 4.8. L = 2, M = 4
, , .
(4.3) , x(t). T: k- p- k- (p + 1)- ( p = L (k + 1)- 1- ).
. ,
.
, A k- , . 4.9. k-
A, , A,
129
. , , , , A
, ,
x(t) k- , x(t) ,
. ,
, A , . . , .. x(t) k- , A A.
B
A
:
C
k1
k+1
. 4.9. , A k- L = 2, M = 4
, 2log 2 ( M )/2 , .. L = 2,
M = 4 2 . . 4.9 A.
, , B C. ,
A, , , .. x(t), B C.
A
( ), .
.

k- ,

.
130
,
log2(M)/2 , . , . , k- ,
(k 5Llog2(M)/2) .
,
( ). , (k 5Llog2(M)/2) , , ,
, . ,
, , , /,
p < 103, .
, / .
, - .

.
4.3.

, -, ,
.
131
(. 4.10)
: , , . () .
.

().
yLN,c[k]
yLN,s[k]
dr
nc[k]
ns[k]
xc[k]
xs[k]
. 4.10.
132
x(t ) =
[ yLN ,c (t )cos(0t ) + yLN ,s (t )sin(0t )] + n(t ) .

:
xc (t ) = x(t )cos(0t ) = yLN ,c (t )(1 / 2 + cos(20t )) + yLN ,c (t )sin(20t ) + n(t )cos(0t ) .

xc (t ) =
yLN ,c (t ) / 2 + nc (t ) / 2 ,
n(t) = n(t)cos(0t) . [9] n(t), n(t), ,
, , .. , 2
, n(t). ,
.
2 , .
, ,
N0 = kT,
k = 1,381023 / .
N0 = 204 (/).

( ), .
,
, , , .
133
() dr.

yLN,c[k] yLN,s[k] k = 1, 2, , Nt T.
nc[k] ns[k]
, .

/.
, ,
F = Nt/2T,
Nt .
t = T/Nt,
2F
=
P
N0
=
2F N0 F ,
2
N0/2 .
/
h2 =
Ea / log 2 M
,
N0
h02 =
E0 / log 2 M
,
N0
E0 = PT , P . h
, h0 .
=
h02
P
1
P N t
.
=
TF
P
log 2 M P 2
134
1 T 2
1 Nt
1 Nt
2
=
P
=
n (t )dt
(=
n[k ]) t
(n[k ]) 2 .
0
T=
T k 1=
Nt k 1
D
= P=
1 P N t
.
h02 2

n p
p .
A
p (, A
(1 )). ( p), ( (1 p))
,
.
, 1, , 0.

E{} = 1p + 0(1 p) = p.
, p E{}.
D{} = m2{} E2{}.
m2{} = E2{} = 1p 0(1 p) = p,

:
D{} = p p2 = p(1 p).
p p
135
n
{} = p = 1 = k ,
E
i n
n i =1
k A (, ) n
.
p , k :
=
Pn (k ) Cnk p k (1 p ) nk ,
n 1 .
np 10; n(1 p) 10. , ,
1
p (1 p )
=
E{ p} p;=
D{ p} =
D{ p}
.
n
n
, p ,
p (1 p )
P | p p | D{ p} = P | p p |
= 1 = ( ) ,
n
()
2 x 2
( x) = e t /2 dt .
2 0
, 1 , ,
,
p (1 p )
p (1 p )
; p +
p
.
n
n
p ,
, , ,
p (1 p )
p (1 p )
p
.
; p +
n
n
. 4.4 n.
136
. 4.4
1
0,900
0,990
0,999
10
1,81
3,17
4,59
20
1,73
2,84
3,85
30
1,70
2,75
3,65
1,64
2,58
3,29
n1
, ,
. /.
.
4.4.
. 4.11 -4, L = 4, = 6,
(. . 3.2.1). 4.11
, . 4.12 ,
. . 4.1112
-4 [35].
, , 106 .
. 4.1112
(1 ) = 0,99.
137
10
= 0.01
g
= 0.10
-1
10
= 0.19
g
= 0.53
g
-2
10
= 0.88
g
-3
L=1
10
-4
10
h, dB
0
10
12
14
. 4.11.
4-
10
= 0.01
g
= 0.10
g
-1
10
= 0.19
g
= 0.53
-2
10
= 0.88
g
-3
L=1
10
-4
10
h0, dB
0
10
12
14
16
. 4.12.
4-
18
138
. 4.1112 , , , . , g = 0,19 p = 104 2 . -,

( g > 0,19), .
, - -
,

. , g = 0,19
p = 104 2 5,5 .
10
= 0.01
g
= 0.10
g
-1
10
= 0.19
g
= 0.53
-2
10
= 0.88
g
-3
L=1
10
-4
10
h, dB
0
10
12
14
. 4.13.
4-
. 4.13 , . . 4.13
139
, . 4.14
, .
. 4.1314 -4.
,
, 103 , 103 .
. 4.1112, . 4.1314

(1 ) = 0,99.
10
= 0.01
g
= 0.10
g
-1
10
= 0.19
g
= 0.53
g
-2
10
= 0.88
g
-3
L=1
10
-4
10
h0, dB
0
10
12
14
16
18
. 4.14.
4-
, , ,
. ,
, -
140
. , . 4.13
g = 0,01, 0,10 0,19

. (g = 0,88) 2
p = 104.
. 4.14 , , , , - ,
. g = 0,88
7 p = 104, .. 5 , .
3 4
.
4.5.
( F)
.

,
[20]:
=
C (log 2 M + p log 2 ( p / ( M 1)) + (1 p )log 2 (1 p )) / T .
(4.4)
=
F
F99%
T F99%
.
=
log 2 M + p log 2 ( p / ( M 1)) + (1 p )log 2 (1 p )
C
(4.4)
141
E
=
E E0 =
/ N 0 P / ( N 0C )
, (4.4),
h02 / log 2 M
E =
,
log 2 M + p log 2 ( p / ( M 1)) + (1 p )log 2 (1 p )
h02 . 4.3. ,
[24].
F E ,
, [26]:
=
(21/F 1) F
E
(4.5)
. 4.15
, . 4.4.
1 (4.5); 2, 3
-4, -16 ; 4 cos(x); 59 4- , g = 0,01, g = 0,10, g = 0,19, g = 0,53, g = 0,88 . , , , p = 104.
,

, . , 4-
,
. ,
, ,
142
, ,
4- .
10
p = 10-4
9
5
1
10
7
0
10
10
10
. 4.15.
4- , .
, 4- , ,
g = 0,53, .. , , .
4.6. 4
1.
, .
143
2.
.
3.
, -
.
g = 0,19 p = 104

2 .
4.
,
. ,
, -
.
5.
, -
- .
144
-
- , .
, .
, -
,
.
, -
, -

, - .
, .
,

, - -
145
.
.
.
.
6 .
. 2006 ., 64- -
. . . , -
XXXVIII 2009.
. 2538/140908802 25.06.2008
2538/140908803 25.06.2008
(-), - 2008-2010 .
. , , , .
, .
- 4-
, F = 0,45, , 2 , cos() .
, -

- , 16 32 F = 0,17, F = 0,08.
146
, 32- 2,3 60 0,46/T 0,29/T.
16 8 2%.
4-
p = 104 h02 = 12 .
. , , ,
, , .
.
- ,
-
-
.
.
, , , ,

.
147
148

1.
.., ..
: . .: , 1990. 271 .
2.
.. . .: . ,
2008. 636 .
3.
.. . .: , 1963. 312 .
4.
.. .
: , 2005. 232 .
5.
.., .., .., .., ..
. .: , 1985. 272 .
6.
. .
. . , 2007. 488 .
7.
.. -
. .: , 1984. 336 c.
8.
.., .., ..,
: . . , 1981.
232 .
9.
.. .
. 3-, . . .: , 1989. 656 .

10. .., .. . .: , 1988.
304 .
11. .., .. . .: , 1978. 328 .
12. . . . . 2-, .: . . .: ,
2003. 1104 .
149
13. . . . .: , 2000. 502 .

14. .. . . 2-, . . .: . , 1970. 728 .
15. . . .
. / .., .. . .. .: ,
1975. 534 .
16. .., .. .
.: , 1971. 408 .
17. . . . .
. / . .. .. . .: , 1963. 832 .
18. .. . . 5-. .: , 2002. 320 .
19. .., .. . : . .: - . -., 2008. 158 .
20. .., .. . :
. .: - . -., 2008. 135 .
21. .., .., .. - , n- // .
. 1990. 8.
22. .., .., .. -
// . 1997. 3. . 2233.
23. .., .. -
// - . 2010. 5.
. 2529.
150
24. .., .. .
// . 2008. 12. . 49.
25. . ., . -
// .
. 2006. 2. . 8394.
26. .., .., ..
// . 1988. 5.
27. .., .. - // . 1980. 8.
28. .. // . 1967. . 22, 7. C. 9196.
29. ..
// . 1975. . 30, 6.
. 1215.
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modulations: spectral efficiency and practical detection schemes // IEEE Transactions
on Communications. 2009. Volume 57, Issue 10. P. 29512959.
32. Gronemeyer, S. McBride, A. MSK and Offset QPSK Modulation // IEEE
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152
1. Matlab
%%
clear;
clc;
%%
L =
4; %
N =
2; %
M =
20; %
P = N-1; %
E =
1; %
NPF = 16; % -
Val_PF = 2.2;
% - (=-1, )
Val_Kor = 0.1;
% (=-1, -)
Flag_SQ = false; % -4 (false), -2 (true)
%
x0 = [1.5779950340804132e+000 ];
if length(x0) < M+1
x0 = [x0, zeros(1, M+1-length(x0))];
else
x0 = x0(1, 1:M+1);
end
%%
% -
%
FName = sprintf('Data\\Data_Bound_N%d_M%d', N, M);
load(FName, 'Bound');
Aeq = Bound;
if isequal(Bound, [])
beq = [];
else
beq = zeros(size(Bound, 1), 1);
end
% -
A = [];
b = [];
% :
% Non_Linear_Conds Minimized_Func
%%
Write_Fun_Con_Files(L, N, M, NPF, Val_PF, Val_Kor, Flag_SQ);
%%
%
FMC_Options = optimset('fmincon');
153
FMC_Options.Algorithm = 'active-set';
FMC_Options.MaxFunEvals = 10^4;
% Algoritm
% Maximum number of function
% evaluations allowed
FMC_Options.MaxIter = 10^4;
% Maximum number of iterations
% allowed
FMC_Options.GradObj = 'on';
% Gradient for the objective
% function defined by the user
FMC_Options.GradConstr = 'on';
% Gradient for nonlinear
% constraint functions defined by the user
FMC_Options.TolFun = 10^-9;
% Termination tolerance on the
% function value
FMC_Options.TolCon = 10^-9;
% Termination tolerance on the
% constraint violation
FMC_Options.TolX
= 10^-9;
% Termination tolerance on x
%
ans_x = fmincon(@Minimized_Func, x0, A, b, Aeq, beq, -10*ones(M+1, 1),
10*ones(M+1, 1), @Non_Linear_Conds, FMC_Options);
function Write_Fun_Con_Files(L, N, M, NPF, Val_PF, Val_Kor, Flag_SQ)

%%
fid = fopen('Minimized_Func.m', 'wt');
%
Line = sprintf('function [J, grad_J] = Minimized_Func(x)\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
% k^(2*N)
Line = sprintf(['Koefs = (2*pi*(0:', int2str(M), ')).^', int2str(2*N),
';\n']);
fwrite(fid, Line);
% J
Line = sprintf('J = sum(Koefs.*(x.^2))/2;\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
fwrite(fid, Line);
%
Line = sprintf('if nargout > 1\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('
fwrite(fid, Line);
grad_J = (Koefs.*x).'';\n');
Line = sprintf('end\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
fclose(fid);
disp(' ');
%%
fid = fopen('Non_Linear_Conds.m', 'wt');
154
%
Line = sprintf('function [C, CEQ, grad_C, grad_CEQ] =
Non_Linear_Conds(x)\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
fwrite(fid, Line);
% -
Line = sprintf('Val_PF = %f;\n', Val_PF);
fwrite(fid, Line);
%
Line = sprintf('Val_Kor = %f;\n', Val_Kor);
fwrite(fid, Line);
%
fwrite(fid, Line);
% -
Line = sprintf('C = [];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
% -
if ~isequal(Val_PF, -1)
buf = [int2str(L), ', ', int2str(M), ', ', int2str(NPF), ', ',
int2str(Flag_SQ)];
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf(['
[PF, grad_PF] = PFs_Computation(x, ',
buf, ', Val_PF);\n']);
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('else\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf(['
PF = PFs_Computation(x, ', buf, ',
Val_PF);\n']);
fwrite(fid, Line);
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('C = [C, PF];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
end
%
if ~isequal(Val_Kor, -1)
buf = [int2str(L), ', ', int2str(M), ', ', int2str(Flag_SQ)];
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf(['
[Korrel, grad_K] =
Korrelations_Computation(x, ', buf, ', Val_Kor);\n']);
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('else\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf(['
Korrel = Korrelations_Computation(x,
', buf, ', Val_Kor);\n']);
fwrite(fid, Line);
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('C = [C, Korrel];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
end
fwrite(fid, Line);
155
% -
Line = sprintf('CEQ = [];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
%
Line = sprintf(['Koefs = ones(1, ', int2str(M+1), ')/2;\n']);
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('Koefs(1, 1) = 1/4;\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('Energy = sum(Koefs .* (x.^2)) - 1;\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('CEQ = [CEQ, Energy];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
fwrite(fid, Line);
%
fwrite(fid, Line);
% -
Line = sprintf('
grad_C = [];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
% -
if ~isequal(Val_PF, -1)
Line = sprintf('
grad_C = [grad_C, grad_PF];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
end
%
if ~isequal(Val_Kor, -1)
Line = sprintf('
grad_C = [grad_C, grad_K];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
end
fwrite(fid, Line);
% -
Line = sprintf('
grad_CEQ = [];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
%
Line = sprintf('
grad_E = (2*Koefs.*x).'';\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
Line = sprintf('
grad_CEQ = [grad_CEQ, grad_E];\n');
fwrite(fid, Line);
fwrite(fid, Line);
fclose(fid);
function [C_PF, grad_C_PF] = PFs_Computation(x, L, M, NPF, Flag_SQ, Val_PF)

%
FName = sprintf('Data\\Data_PF_L%d_M%d_NPF%d', L, M, NPF);
load(FName, 'PF_Martixes');
% x NPF
ats = cell(1, NPF);
for k = 1:NPF
ats{1, k} = x * PF_Martixes{1, k}; %#ok<USENS>
% , ats{1, k} - 1L
end
156
% L NPF
Koefs = cell(1, NPF);
for k = 1:NPF
Koefs{1, k} = sign(ats{1, k});
end
% -
C_PF = zeros(1, NPF);
if Flag_SQ
BUF = zeros(2, NPF);
for k = 1:NPF
BUF(1, k) = sum(Koefs{1, k}(1, 1:2:L-1).*ats{1, k}(1, 1:2:L-1));
BUF(2, k) = sum(Koefs{1, k}(1, 2:2:L ).*ats{1, k}(1, 2:2:L ));
C_PF(1, k) = 2*(BUF(1, k)^2 + BUF(2, k)^2)/L;
end
else
BUF = zeros(1, NPF);
for k = 1:NPF
BUF(1, k) = sum(Koefs{1, k}.*ats{1, k});
C_PF(1, k) = 2*BUF(1, k)^2/L;
end
end
C_PF = C_PF - Val_PF;
%
if nargout > 1
grad_C_PF = zeros(M+1, NPF);
if Flag_SQ
for k = 1:NPF
buf1 = zeros(M+1, 1);
for p = 1:2:L-1
buf1 = buf1 + Koefs{1, k}(1, p)*PF_Martixes{1, k}(:, p);
end
buf1 = 2*buf1*BUF(1, k);
buf2 = zeros(M+1, 1);
for p = 2:2:L
buf2 = buf2 + Koefs{1, k}(1, p)*PF_Martixes{1, k}(:, p);
end
buf2 = 2*buf2*BUF(2, k);
grad_C_PF(:, k) = 2*(buf1 + buf2)/L;
end
else
for k = 1:NPF
buf = zeros(M+1, 1);
for p = 1:L
buf = buf + Koefs{1, k}(1, p)*PF_Martixes{1, k}(:, p);
end
buf = 2*buf*BUF(1, k);
grad_C_PF(:, k) = 2*buf/L;
end
end
end
157
function [C_Korrel, grad_C_K, Korrels] = Korrelations_Computation(x, L, M,
Flag_SQ, Val_Kor)
Flag_Type = 1;
N = 3;
% 0:
% 1:
% 2:
% 3:

-
- 2^N
% -2, L 2
if Flag_SQ
L = L/2;
end
%
FName = sprintf('Data\\Data_Korrel_L%d_M%d', L, M);
%
if nargout > 1
load(FName, 'Korrel_Martixes', 'grad_Korrel_Martixes');
else
load(FName, 'Korrel_Martixes');
end
%
Korrels = zeros(1, L-1); % ,
%, 2
BUF = x.' * x;
for p = 1:L-1
Korrels(1, p) = sum(sum(BUF.*Korrel_Martixes{1, p})); %#ok<USENS>
end
% Flag_Type
switch Flag_Type
case 0 %
[val, pos] = max(abs(Korrels));
Koef = sign(Korrels(1, pos));
C_Korrel = val/2 - Val_Kor;
case 1
Koefs = sign(Korrels);
C_Korrel = Koefs.*Korrels/2 - Val_Kor;
case 2 %
Koefs = sign(Korrels);
C_Korrel = sum(Koefs.*Korrels) - Val_Kor;
case 3
Koefs = ones(2^N, L-1);
Koefs(1, :) = sign(Korrels);
for k = 1:2^N
buf = 2*(dec2bin(k-1, N)-48)-1;
Koefs(k, 1:N)
= buf;
Koefs(k, N+1:L-1) = Koefs(1, N+1:L-1);
end
C_Korrel = zeros(1, 2^N);
for k = 1:2^N
C_Korrel(1, k) = sum(Koefs(k, :).*Korrels) - Val_Kor;
end
end
158
%
if nargout > 1
BUF = zeros(M+1, M+1);
for k = 1:M+1
BUF(k, :) = x;
end
switch Flag_Type
case 0
grad_C_K = Koef * sum(grad_Korrel_Martixes{1, pos}.*BUF, 2) / 2;
case 1
grad_C_K = zeros(M+1, L-1);
for n = 1:L-1
grad_C_K(:, n) = Koefs(1, n) * sum(grad_Korrel_Martixes{1,
n}.*BUF, 2) / 2;
end
case 2
grad_C_K = zeros(M+1, 1);
for n = 1:L-1
grad_C_K = grad_C_K + Koefs(1, n) *
sum(grad_Korrel_Martixes{1, n}.*BUF, 2);
end
case 3
grad_C_K = zeros(M+1, 2^N);
for n = 1:L-1
grad_Korrel_Martixes{1, n} = sum(grad_Korrel_Martixes{1,
n}.*BUF, 2);
end
for k = 1:2^N
for n = 1:L-1
grad_C_K(:, k) = grad_C_K(:, k) + Koefs(k, n) *
grad_Korrel_Martixes{1, n};
end
end
end
end

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-

3.2.2. ............................. 103

Ar( k ) a(t kT )cos(2f 0t + (rk ) ) , T/2 t T/2 + NT,

a(t) [T/2, T/2] , Ar( k ) , (rk ) , k- -

(), . 1.2 . , M, M = 2n, n , , M = 22n .

Zr. Ar = |Zr| r = arg(Zr)

E{ Ar2 } = E{ Arc2 } + E{ Ars2 } =

. 1.2 , , -, , , M = 4 (.. -4) cos2(x) - 2,67

exp( j(rk ) )a (t kT )exp( j ( 0 )t )dt +

Ar( k ) exp( j(rk ) )a (t kT )exp( j ( 0 )t )dt .

exp( j(rk ) )exp( j ( 0 )kT )

=Z rc( k ) Z qc(l ) jZ rc( k ) Z qs(l ) + jZ rs( k ) Z qc(l ) + Z rs( k ) Z qs(l ) ,

, Z rs( k ) Ar( k ) sin((rk ) ) ,

. 1.3 (1.15), (1.16) (1.17)

(1.16) (1) (2).

F95%T F99%T F40 T F60 T

p M- , max prq (r, q)

sr(t) sq(t) (r q). , ,

= min a (t )cos(2f 0t + r ) a (t )cos(2f 0t + q ) dt .

= 2t/T , dn() , Pn() n = 0, 1, 2, , , n, 0.

dn() . 1.4, . 1.5

. 1.5. (1.22) = 3,6

, = 3,6, , 99,15% 2,29/T; 99%,

a(t) = A0cosn(t/T), T/2 t T/2.

, (1.29) (1.26) (1.28), :

a ( x)a ( y )(2 n ) ( x y )dxdy =

6,6156103 2,0828102 1,6557102

8,5442104 2,8950103 8,1071104

2,2233104 7,6788104 1,0909104

8,1354105 2,8316104 2,4280105

. 1.11. (1.40) a(t) cos(x)

LT/2 t LT/2 + NLT + max{tp},

p- t = LT/2, T, -, , Ar(pk ) (rpk ) , k- p- M- , rp = 1, 2, , M p- , k = 0, 1,

(1.41) LN NLT + (L 1)T, (1.1) N

a (pk ) (t , L)cos(2f 0t + (rpk ) )

Aq(dl ) ad(l ) (t , L)cos(2f 0t + (qld) ) dt.

. 2.1. (1.42) L = 4 a(t) cos(x)

Arp Aqd a p (t , L)ad( k ) (t , L)cos (rpk ) (qkd ) .

, a (pk ) (t , L) , , , (2.3) Ar(pk ) ,

Aq(dk ) cos((rpk ) (qkd ) ) . ,

1 LT /2+ NLT +( L1)T 2

= E Z r(pkc) Z q(dkc) E Z r(pks) Z q(dks) = 0,

exp( j(rpk ) )exp( j ( 0 )(t p + kLT )) L

LFa ( L( 0 ))exp( j ( 0 )t p ) Ar(pk ) exp( j(rpk ) )exp( j ( 0 )kLT ) ,

E Ar(pk ) Aq(lp) exp( j(rpk ) j(qlp) ) .

E Ar(pk ) Aq(lp) exp( j(rpk ) j(qlp) ) = M + 1

(2.14) (2.15), G+():

M 2 (L 1) . (L 1) spr(t, c), , p- r- , c (c = 1, 2, , M 2 (L 1)).

p ,rq (x)= lim (pZ,rq) (x)= lim M 2c(=L11)

max {w( Z ) (x / s pr (t , c))}

max {w( Z ) (x / s pq (t , d ))}

a0( m ) a0( m+1) m+1 ( m )

, (2.25) (2.26), (2.23)

i = 1, 2, , P, (1.21). (2.21) (2.28) , .

LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T

a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L)dt .

max cos((r1k ) (qld) ) =1 ,

LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T

a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L)dt .

LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T

a1( k ) (t , L)ad(l ) (t , L)dt ,

1 LT /2+ NLT +( L1)T ( k )

1 LT /2+ kLT + LT t kLT t t kLT

LT /2+ NLT + ( L 1)T