3.

1]

22

(-)(* + *.+ ^ ) - 0 .

(h , 2, . .
'= 1,05-1034 -),
I,2b2

3.1.
-


.
,
. ,
Ge, Si, ( )
6 ( )
[3.1, 3.2],


( , , ,
.).



.
,

,
.
.
. 3.1;


.

(3.1)
/1

U2U1

(
k)
,
. tnn
mv

.
1
,
, . .
.





. 3.1.
, . .
.
[8].
,

,
,
.
.
,

, ,

. ,
,
.

188

[,

. . ai : a 2 : a3
2 7 : 8 : 1 ,

,
,
.

2
2
/- ( ), / Egd
, .
( Egd) ^ 0.

,
[3.10].
/ 2. (0) V/,

>~-2J ,

(^f\apnp(0)fEUO)^-,

(0)

^ ha _ I

(5.29)

. , -

/ ^ Egd.
(

),
(

= Egd) =-~^ {^rf\ ap*P(0) ?% (0).

( Egd)

, . .
(h<i>-Egd)>n7Eex(0),
(5.13)

, , (/ Egd) =*
= 100 (0), -

5.3]

189

35%
.
.
2

(/ Egd) < 0. --0(0)

0 -
, (5.28),
[3.10]

2 1 5 2

,
= 1 ,

5 = 2, 3, 4, . . .
2
( 1)// , . . ,
.

5/(21), h(a-^Egd
,
.

. .
, ,

( 103 - 1 ),
, , .
. 5.26 [5.15]
, ~10
291 20 ,

. ad
,
( Egd) > 0
. / = Egd a
~3500 ~
/ < Egd ,
/ ; Egd
.

(0) , 20, 77

J84

[. S

. 35
Ge Si,

,


. ,

, -,
, ,
, -,

,
.

, , ,
.
,

.
[5.14]
GaP
296 1,6 . 5.24.
,
3,5-10~4 ,
,
, Ge Si,

. _. 5.24
= f (/),
1,6 2,36 2,45 .
. 5.24,
, , LA
( X), LOv (
), (
).
. 5.24
12,8 0,2 (); 31,3
0 , 5 (LA); 46,5 1,0 (); 64,3 1,0
v
(TA-\-LO ),
,
.

5.2]

185

.
45,

~ 1 0 1 7 ~3,

.

. 5.24.
[5.141.

, Ge, Si
GaP (. . 5.24), ( IV VI
) ,

^
,
PbS ( PbSe )
,

2
. . 5.25 [5.8] a (ha)
'/ (/) 293 80 -,

182

[. 5

,
.
. 5.15

20 -,
, ,
,
-
.

. [3.10]
,/2
= f(h(o),

(. . 5.23).

, 78
,
, (5.26)
,
.
, ,
,

, ,
. 5.23. ,
. [5.13] (
)
( 1,78 ; 3,55
0,425 )
20 -.
,
, ,
.
,
. , 249

653 708 ,
.

,
.

5.2J

183

()
, ,
,
- . ,

, *
.


90 320 . ,
, 350 420 ,
,
-
,
, ,
.
90 320

,

.
,

,
,
.


,

.
.

,

.

.
212 670

.

J 80

[. 5

/
/aha .
, ,
,

Egi, kQ = .


,
. 5.23. ,
,
,
(5.27),
.


(
LA) ( LO) ,


,

,
(aha)'/' <.

,

(. . 3.12),
:
, LOa, LAa, TAa, TAe, LAe, LOe, TOe,
() () . LO
,
, . ,

, ,


LAe . .
.
,
(5.4) -

5.2]

181

(5.1)
,
(5.8)

, (5.22)
, , ,
, [3.10].

.
,
,
,

,
,
,
,
.
/
, ,
, .
. .

,
, -,
, -,

, . .

. ,

, ,
Egd = 0,885 ( = 0 )
= 0 Egi = 0,746 (
0),
(
)
;

178

[. 5

(Egi + kB) > / ^ (Egi kQ)

,

_ = A- (exp i- - 1) ~' ( - g i + 8)2.

(5.23)

nq
,
.
^ (Egi + kQ)

,
,
(5.22).
, 8/7 >> 1
(rcg <C rtg + 1), (5.22)
(- < <+),
a+ = ^ [ l - e x p ( - - f ) ]

_1

(A(D-gi-e) ,

(5.24)

nq-\-1,
(* 1 )- +' 1 = (1 ~)-1.
(5.23)
(Egi kQ) ^ < (Egi -f kB)
, :
(_),/2 = - - & - ,

(5.25)

5.21

179

a + = A'f[[ - e x p ( - I-)]""'' 2 ;

b + = a+(Egi + kQ,,

, (+)1'2 = / ( )
,
, = Egi + kB. +

7 = 0
+0 = Af,

7->0

(,+ 1)-*1.

7 > 0 _
^ (Egi + kB), (5.22)

a

=lL[(h(i>-E*l-kQihw)

W(l-th 2 ^)].(5.27)

,
(kQ) 2 [ 1 t h 2 (0/27)] ,
() 1/ = / ()

,

,
3 = + kQlh^f,

7 > 0

ft

th -gyr < 1,
_ = / 2 (-|---1)

[ < 3 < 2 .

b-=a-(Egi kB).
,/2

(5.25) , () = /()

()' /2 ,
, ha>i = Egi kQ.
- ,
->0 _ .
, 7 = 0 _ = 0.
(5.24) +()
(5.25)

(+)'/2 + - +

(5.26)

hu>-

2
. 5.23

. 5.23.
.
/

|8).

( ,=0)
( = 0 ) , ,
Egi
, .. Egi kQ Egi +
+ kQ. /,
/, (5.25),

176

[. 5

i->/,
( ),

->/ .
,
,


(kf ki = kn k p ),

,


. . 5.22

k = q,

5.2]

177

b
,
, . .
1
(kf, k,-) 0. (5.21) D
, .
(5.21)

.
(3.2) (3.3),
,
, . .
g(E)
.
(5.21)
(5.17) (5.18)

.,

eW ( / t 2mv *

2>

\~W)

.

. 5.22.
i-*-f


[8].
(5.3),
,
- ,
,
,
(0 + 1) .
[3.10]

a*f=E'a
i-o

.
it

4 2 2

D(2jt)

(kf

(6.21)

J d%d% X

t)

*e 6 (k f -k.)

[nb{kf-K)+L]

X 6[Ef (kf) - Et (kt) + (-l)lkQb(kf - k,) - AJ

1-0

X{h^-Egi-{~\)lmb{kn)\\

(5.22)

* = (m^yi*;
. n0(k)
k(k k n , 0)

^(k)-=[exp-^--l] _ 1

.
(5.22) ,

( hq hwq = kQ)
.
h(o<.(Egi kQ)
,

kQ,

174

1.

() PbS
2,6 5,8 ~ 1018 ~
130 lg lg(/ico Eg)
lg(ct/zco) oo lg(/ico Eg), Eg
0,30 0,31 . , = 0 , 3 1
(ha Eg)
10~' 10~3 ,
Eg = 0,30 . . 5.21
,
(/zco g ) > 0 , l ;
Eg = 0,307 0,003 ,
(/ Eg) 0,53 0,02,

() lg(a/zco) ~ 1 g(/ )
(/ Eg) 0,78 0,02
0,5 (5.13).
/ ^ Eg (5.13) (5.16)
, (

)'''

-
/ ^ Eg
,, /
(/- )'/>

(/ ) h
, (/ Eg).

a (), ,
InSb, ,
,
(5.13), ,
/ ^> Eg
a ()

.
5.2.


,
. 3.5,
= 0, -

5.21

175

L(k = /a).

Si ,
Kv ~f .

, , . . .
[7]

kf = k + ( - l ) 4 ,

(5.17)
l

Et = Et-h(a + (-l) kQb,

(5.18)

kQb b- , b

; I = 1 0,
/ 1 (), / = 0
()
i-f. ,
(5.18), /
*->/
&0, . .
/ = + kQb;

(5.19)

, ,
: &8

Ei->Ef, . .
/ = Ei .
(5.2,0)
(
, ) . 5.22,

,
.

, .

i
f .

,

f () i ().

120

[. 3

;

(, )
( )
.


, ,
()
, ()
2()
(2.7), a ei ()
(2.8).


( )
.

4.1.



(., , [4.1]),
.
()

(
) ,
,
( ),
e/(k, co) = ef(k, ) = (, ) = ().



w
1
X [( - , + ixj) ( + , + iT^i)]" ,

(4.1)

f, () ;

'-/('1*)]
/-*/'; ftoon V(k) Et{k);
()
I; ()
/, . . - -

118

[. 3

d-),
( ).


1

'

10~

. 3.12. () ()
( ) ()
.

( ) . ,

(
)
10 ( ), 11

5 3.2]

,
12.
2, 3, 4 (
)
(. . 3.53.7).
( 19,
5 6)
( 13).


( )
8 7.
8
,
(
) . 14, 15
,
, 16, 17
,

.

, . 3.12,
.
18

, 10, 11, 12
.


( )
. 5
6
.

,

,

, . 3.53.7,
, ,

116

[. 3

,
, ,
,
.

.

,
(
).

0


|
(

) . .

3.10



, [
|

g(E) ,

.. _
.

. 3.10.

18]

HSBCTpe306.

- ,
,

[3.11].
. 3.10 ,
.
,

,
(3.2)
, - .

13.2)

11?

, . .
,
,
. 3.11,6
.



,




,

vt/
. . 3.11,6
. 3.11.
, [8] ()



nci
a
va
()

) ( ) .

.

,
0
.
3.2.

,
.
. 3.12 /?()
(),
.

, .

d-
( /

114

[. 3

(3.2) (3.3),

(1 = 0, 0),
(3.10) ( )
, (3.11) (3.12),
,
, Egd
Egi, (0)
./^(). ,

(3.10)
/inF
|
C/t \t\)
cgi ~T

h?K
2M

2(kg)

(3.13)

/,21(2

/,21,2

K
Ek(K) = g i + 2
' 2.
. 3.8
. 3.8.




[3.9].
,

.
, ,

[3.9].
. . 3.5 3.7

, ., ,
,

.
.
,
( ).
,
,
;

> 1050,
( -

3.1]

115

5,66 ), , ,
17
3

/ 3< 10 ~
22
( ~10 ~ ).
( )

, . 3.9,
(
Eg).
,

,
(
/ . 3.9)

( 2 .
3.9).

,
,
. 3.9.
. ,

]8].

. .

,
() ,
.
/
/ ,

| jVa|,
(
, : NR N&)
.

, ,
.
.
,

. . . -

112

[. 3

,

,
.
.


,
.

,
(
) [3.10]
= exp (/KR) (/),

= - , + 2,
=

~2\ + ),

= 1( 1 + 2),

*~~,

- ;
] ;
. exp(iKR)
, ()
.

kn = , ,
(3.1),
[&. V 2 +

V ()

] * ( ) = [(0) ~ ^ 1 * (),

(3.10)

, = -;
.
,
{3.9],

V(r) =
w

h-,

e(r)

V-C-fe-^t'-Tt-*-+"*')].

V/2

_ /

V/.

3.1]

COLO

; *,
, ()
. ,

es .
es ,
.
:

, . .
,

.
(3.10)
- 1 ,
8 (). :

( ),
( ).
( )

) = + -^--,

(3.11)

= mn + , (0) = -
,
,
' = 1 .

.
, (3.10),

22
/,21,2
^ + ^ + -|-,
(3.12)

. ,

(3.1).

, ,
.

[. 3

~ 1 ,
( L) Eg =
= 0,19 ( 0). ()

(
[

h4\\(
h4\\
'- )[ + +f U=

h2(kl + k2u)

)
,

(3.6)

mi
[111] : mt
nil
. (3.6)
,
- , . .
.
.


[3.3]

g(E)dE = -^Yj\d%

(3.7)

k-,
E-\-dE. 2, ,
,

.
(3.7)
,
((k) = const) s(E) s(E-\-dE),
+ dE.
-
d3k = dsdk,
ds ,
dki
. dE = \VkE\dkx (9)
,
. . ,

3.1]

'
g

TUF) "" ""

S

1 f
~ ? J fV
s

\\)

ds
( \2
+

( '

(3.8)

\) \'wj \

fei, 2 - r - k
(3.1) VkE
(k), a \ d s = 4nk2, (3.8)

-#.

(3-9)

,
(3.1), (Eg Ev) mp .
(3.2)

g () = 4 {]$2 {222)~ ?
(tri\tnjll = tnds
.
.

,
, . . 1931 .
,
[3.9], ,
,
,
.
,
,
.


,

108

[. 3

,
2

\0 "

3 + 2

'

g, mn,o (
)
, .
,
/?|




( ),

(
).

= 0 ,

0
2
t,
6

35
* , opa

(
. 3.6.
)


,
[3.7].


( = 0 )
, = 0. ,
GaSb
[100] 0,25 .
:
(,
, AlSb), [3.7].
3 5 -


= 0 [111].
365 Ge.
.
, -

3.1]

109

6 (
: PbS, PbSe, PbTe .)
Ge 35. -,
/446
, . 3.7,
L

. 3.7. [3.8].

,
L,
.

, . .
( )
. ,
,
( ) ,
,

3 . 1

\-, -, 0

. -

106

[. 3

,
.

s-, -, f-, d- . . .
. 3.5 ,
[3.1, 3.2].

, ,
-,

() , -,
, ^, L\ \
,

5 ' ( 1' ^5
).

,

,

^ k ) = - ( ^ + ^rV-

(3-2)

mi m t
.
( ) (. 3.5)
, .
(
) , -, Aso
( ) -

(- ).
= 0
[3.5]

i,2 () =

= - -
Uk2 /5V + 2 ( + + )},
2th
2

() = - -_^ ,

(3.3)

3.1]

107

; ,
.
.
$
InSb,
Eg (
)
.

[3.6]:

' (' - Eg) (' + ) = ** (' + 4 ) ,

(3.4)

' =
2
, - .
(3.4) , = 0
\ = Eg\ 2 = = 0 Ei =
= , ,
(
) ,
- -
.
0

= ' g + ~ + ~3" (17 + "+) + 6

2 2

2 2

/
2 2

/
EVz = - 4" - 2 ^ - -

2
2

( + )

6Ev3>

, 6 6v2. 8 ,
, . .
() .
. 3.6 ()
(110) .
.
(3.5) . 3.6 ,
InSb = 0,
:
V2, .
:

104

[. 3

. 3.2.


, i ,
, ,
.
. 3.3 >
^'-:

.

. 3.2.
" " - - [3.1].
,

,
( )

105

[111],
,

()

(
)

L (.
. 3.2).
. 3.5

Ge, , ,

Lb . 3.4.

[8].
( )

]
15. , L, X, ,

/^MffiD

. 3.3. [3.3].

, 3.5. [3.4].

[100]
X (. . 3.2). . 3.4
Ge, -/ -

,
( ),
. -