Balancing of Rotating Masses PDF

Need for Balancing
In high speed machinery, the centrifugal forces

are set up due to slightest eccentricity of rotors
from the axis of rotation.
These forces are considerable as the centrifugal
force varies as the square of the angular velocity.
(Fc=m2e).
The dynamic forces set up will produce noise and
dangerous vibrations that destroy the bearings.
Hence proper balancing is necessary for safe &
smooth operation of machinery.
P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore
Static Balancing:
A system of rotating masses is said to be in static
balance if the combined center of mass of lies on the
axis of rotation.
Mathematically, a rotor is said to be in static balance if
the algebraic sum of centrifugal forces is zero.
i.e. m 2 r = 0. As is same for all masses,
it can be written as
mr = 0
A system can be statically balanced with a single

counter mass or balancing mass revolving in the same
plane.
Dynamic Balancing:
A system of rotating masses is said to be in dynamic
balance if there are no resultant unbalanced forces
and couples acting on the body.
Mathematically, a rotor is said to be in dynamic
balance if the algebraic sum of centrifugal forces is
zero & also the algebraic sum of centrifugal couples is
zero.
Mathematically, It can be written as;
and
mr = 0 (i)
mrl = 0 (ii)
(Force balance)
(Couple balance)
For a system to be dynamically balanced , it requires at

least two balancing masses revolving in different
planes as two equations of equilibrium are to be
satisfied.
Balancing of several masses revolving in same plane

A system of rotating masses is said to be in dynamic
balance if there are no resultant unbalanced forces
and couples acting on the body.
Mathematically, a rotor is said to be in dynamic
balance if the algebraic sum of centrifugal forces is
zero & also the algebraic sum of centrifugal couples is
zero.
Mathematically, It can be written as;
and
mr = 0 (i)
mrl = 0 (ii)
(Force balance)
(Couple balance)
For a system to be dynamically balanced , it requires at

least two balancing masses revolving in different
planes as two equations of equilibrium are to be
satisfied.
Problem 2
A circular disc mounted on a shaft carries
three attached masses 4 kg, 3 kg and 2.5 kg
at a radial distances 75 mm, 85 mm and 50
mm at the angular positions of 450, 1350 and
2400 respectively. The angular positions are
measured counter-clockwise from the
reference line along x-axis. Determine the
amount of the counter mass at a radial
distance of 75 mm required for static
balance.
Space Diagram
Force Table
2
0
Mass m
(kg)
Radius (r)
mm
Force
mr
(kg-mm)
75
300
85
255
2.5
50
125
Mc
75
75Mc
Sl.No
13 5
45
24 0
Force Polygon
135
45
24 0
24 0
125
255
135
3
1
75 c
3 00
0
1 35
45
0
45
c
240
c
3
0
Ans:
M
=3.81
Kg,
=276
c
c
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For static balance, the summation of horizontal
& Vertical components of forces must be individually
equal to zero.
Sum of Horizontal components of forces = 0
i.e. FH =0 mr cos = 0
1
9
0
4
.
0
=
s
o
c
M
(300 cos 450 ) + (255cos1350 ) + (125cos 2400 ) + (75M c cos c ) = 0

()
c
c
Sum of vertical components of forces = 0
i.e. FV =0 mr sin = 0
i
i
9
8
7
.
3
=
n
i
s
M
(300 sin 450 ) + (255sin1350 ) + (125sin 2400 ) + (75M c sin c ) = 0

( )
c
c
()
1
9
0
4
.
0
=
s
o
c
M

i
i
9
8
7
.
3
=
n
i
s
M
(300 sin 450 ) + (255sin1350 ) + (125sin 2400 ) + (75M c sin c ) = 0

( )
c
c
( )( )
,
i
i
&
i
g
n
i
d
d
a
&
g
n
i
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a
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S
7
1
6
2
.
9
-
1
9
0
4
.
0
9
8
7
.
3
-
(+/-)
0000
6
1
.
6
7
2
s
o
cccc
c
n
a
t
n
i
s
( )( )
Also,
g
k
1
8
.
3
=
s
e
v
i
g
i
i
i
)(
9
8
7
.
3
+
2
1
9
0
4
.
0
=
cccc
M
(
= 83.840 = (360 83.84) =
(As numerator is - ve & denominator is + ve,

the angle lies in IV quadrant.)
(+/+)
(-/-)
(-/+)
(+/-)
(+/+)
(-/-)
(-/+)
Note :
(i) If both numerator & denominator are + ve, the angle is in I quadrant.
(ii) If numerator is + ve & denominator is - ve, the angle is in II quadrant.
(iii) If both numerator & denominator are - ve, the angle is in III quadrant.
(iv) If numerator is - ve & denominator is + ve, the angle is in IV quadrant.
Problem 3
Five masses M1, M2, M3, M4 & M5 revolve in same
plane. Their magnitudes are 5 kg, 2.5 kg & 4 kg
respectively and are attached same radial
distances from the axis of rotation. Angular
positions of M2, M3, M4 & M5 are 600, 1350, 2100,
and 2700 from M1. Determine the values of M4 &
M5 for static balance.
Graphical Solution
Force Table
Sl.No
Mass m
(kg)
Radius
(r) mm
Force
mr
(kg-mm)
21 0
5
270
2.5
135
2.5
5
60
2.5
M4
M4
M5
M5
Ans:
M4=3.95 Kg,
M5=3 Kg
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As the system of masses is balanced by itself, summation of
horizontal & Vertical components of forces is individually
equal to zero.
g
K
5
9
.
3
=
M
(5 cos 0) + (2.5cos 600 ) + (4 cos1350 ) + (M 4 cos 2100 ) + (M 5 cos 2700 ) = 0

4
g
K
2
0
.
3
=
M
(5 sin 0) + (2.5sin 600 ) + (4sin1350 ) + (3.95sin 2100 ) + (M 5 sin 2700 ) = 0

5
Problem 4
Three masses of 8 kg, 12 kg & 15 kg attached
at radial distances of 80 mm, 100mm and 60
mm respectively to a disc on a shaft are in
static
balance. Determine the angular
positions of masses 12 kg & 15 kg relative to

8 kg mass.
Graphical Solution
Force Table
Sl.No
Graphical Solution:
Mass m
(kg)
Radius
(r) mm
Force
mr
(kg-mm)
80
640
As the system of masses

is in static balance, the force polygon
is a triangle closed by itself.
Let the angle of mass 1=1 be 00 .
12
100
1200
Taking a suitable scale,

draw vector m1r1 parallel to 1
15
60
900
(i.e. along the horizontal).

With radius equal to m 2 r2 & m3r3
draw two arcs to complete the traingle.
Then measure 2 and 3.
Graphical Solution
3 =2 8 1
900
1 33
1200
2 81
1
0
2 =1 3 3
640
1 =0
Force Polygon
Relative angular positions

of the masses
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horizontal & Vertical components of forces is individually
equal to zero.

i
i
n
i
s
0
0
2
1
=
n
i
s
0
0
9
Hence [ (640 sin 0) + (1200sin 2 ) + (900sin 3 ) ] = 0

( )
3
2
s
o
c
0
0
2
1
+
0
4
6
=
s
o
c
0
0
9
Hence [ (640 cos 0) + (1200 cos 2 ) + (900 cos 3 ) ] = 0

(
()
3
2 )
,
i
i
&
i
g
n
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d
a
&
g
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a
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S
( )( )
(900) 2 = (640) 2 + 2 640 1200 cos 2 + (1200) 2

cos 2 = 0.6768
0000
6666
.
2
3
1
=
2222
810000 = 409600 + 1536000 cos 2 + 1440000
6
.
2
3
1
s
o
c
0
0
2
1
+
0
4
6
=
s
o
c
0
0
9
Substituting the value of 2 in the equations (i) & (ii),

(
)
3
.
4
1
9
1
.
0
s
o
c
=
6
.
2
3
1
n
i
s
0
0
2
1
=
n
i
s
0
0
9
5
1111
8
9
.
0
1
8
2
n
i
s
=
0
Balancing of several masses revolving in

different planes (Dynamic Balancing)
As the polygon law of forces is applicable to only
coplanar forces, it is necessary to transfer all the
forces to a reference plane (R.P) and then the force
balance is achieved.
But the transference of the forces to a reference
plane leaves behind unbalanced couples, which
also must be balanced by using graphical method
or analytical method.
Hence, for complete dynamic balance the force
polygon & couple polygon must close. Analytically,
the summation of horizontal & vertical components
of centrifugal forces & couples must be zero.
Problem 1
A rotating shaft carries four masses 1, 2, 3
& 4 which are radially attached to it. The
mass centers are 30 mm, 38 mm, 40 mm
and 35 mm respectively from the axis of
rotation. The masses 1, 3 and 4 are 7.5, 5,
& 4 kg respectively. The axial distance
between the planes 1 and 2 is 400 mm &
between 2 and 3 is 500 mm. The masses 1
& 3 are at right angles to each other. Find
for complete balance,
(i) Angle between 1, 2 & 1, 4.
(ii)Axial distance between 3 & 4.
(iii)Magnitude of mass 2.
-Ve
m1 =7.5 kg
r1 =30 mm
R.P
+ve
m2 (unknown)
r2 =38 mm
m3 =5 kg
r1 =40 mm
m4 = 4 kg
r4 =35 mm
4
0
90
0.4m
0.5m
X
Here, 1=00, 2 , 4 are unknown, 3=900
Mass m (kg)
Radius (r)
mts
Force
mr
(kg-m)
Distance
from R.P. (l)
mts
Couple
mrl kg-m2
7.5
0.03
0.225
- 0.4
- 0.09
(* R.P)
2
m2
0.038
0.038m2
0.04
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.035
0.14
0.14x
Plane
If a couple is ve , take the vector in

the opposite direction of the mass
3
90
0.14X
0.1 kg-m2
0.14 kgm
0.2 kgm
0
90
-0.09 kg-m2
Couple Polygon
From the couple polygon,
X=0.96 mts, 4=3120
0.038 m2
0.225 kgm
Force Polygon
Hence distance between

From the force polygon,
planes 3 & 4=0.96-0.5=0.46 mtsP R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore
m2 = 8.76 kg 2=1970
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Note:As the couple table has only one unknown, it may be used to
find the value of x & direction 4 .
As the system of masses is balanced by itself, summation of horizontal
& Vertical of components couples is individually equal to zero.
Sum of Horizontal components of couples = 0
i.e. CH =0 mrl cos = 0
9
0
.
0
=
s
o
c
x
4
1
.
0
Hence (0.09 cos 0) + 0 + (0.1cos 900 ) + (0.14 x cos 4 ) = 0

()
4444
Sum of vertical components of couples = 0

i.e. CV =0 mrl sin = 0
i
i
1
.
0
=
4444
n
i
s
x
4
1
.
0
Hence (0.09 sin 0) + 0 + (0.1sin 900 ) + (0.14 x sin 4 ) = 0

( )
,
i
iiii
&
i
g
n
i
d
d
a
&
g
n
i
r
a
u
q
S
( )( )
0.14 x cos 2 4 + sin 2 4 = (0.09) 2 + (0.1)2
4444
4444
s
s
a
m
f
o
n
o
i
t
i
s
o
P
r
a
l
u
g
n
A
0.14 x = 0.13454. Hence x=0.961 mts.

Distance between planes of 3 & 4=0.961-0.5=0.461 meters.
( ))))
Dividing eqn (ii) by (i), we get,
0.1
0
4 = tan
=
48
.
0.09
As numerator is -ve & denominator is +ve, the angle is in
the Fourth quadrant.
1
Hence 4 = (360 48) = 3120 measured ccw w.r.t. 1.

2
n
o
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t
c
e
r
i
d
&
m2
s
s
a
M
f
o
e
u
l
a
v
e
h
t
d
n
i
f
o
T

& Vertical of components forces is individually equal to zero.
i
i
i
9
2
.
8
=
s
o
c
m2
Hence (0.225 cos 0) + 0.038m 2 cos 2 + (0.2 cos 900 ) + (0.14 0.961cos 3120 ) = 0
( )

v i
v
i
&
i
i
2 i
3 g
6 n
.
2 i
.
d
g
d
= a
k
7
.
2&
8
n
i
g
=
s
n
i
2r
2222
m a
m
u
q
S m
Hence (0.225 sin 0) + 0.038m 2 sin 2 + (0.2sin 900 ) + (0.14 0.961sin 3120 ) = 0
( )
( )( )
cos 2 2 + sin 2 2 = (8.29)2 + (2.632) 2
2222
2
s
s
a
m
f
o
n
o
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t
i
s
o
P
r
a
l
u
g
n
A
(
Dividing eqn (ii) by (i), we get, (taking absolute values)

2.632
0
2 = tan
=
17.61
8.29
As both numerator & denominator is -ve, the angle is in

1
the third quadrant.

Hence 2 = (180 + 17.61) = 197.610 measured ccw w.r.t. 1.
(+/-)
(+/+)
(-/-)
(-/+)
Problem 2
P, Q, R & S are the four masses rotating in different
planes arranged to give complete balance. Planes
containing Q & R are 450 mm apart. The masses Q & S
make angles of 900 and 2300 respectively w.r.t R in the
same sense. Find where the planes containing P & S
must be placed and also the magnitude and angular
position of mass P.
Plane
Mass (kg)
Radius (m)
Mp
P
Q
200
0.3
0.5
R
S
300
225
0.2
0.4
-Ve
m (unknown)
r =0.3m
P
R.P
+ve
200 kg
0.5m
Q
300 kg
0.2m
225 kg
0.4 m
230
90
R
X
0.45m
Y
S
Plane
Mass m (kg)
Radius (r)
mts
Force
mr
(kg-m)
Distance
from R.P. (l)
mts
Couple
mrl kg-m2
Mp
0.3
0.3Mp
-x
-0.3Mpx
(R.P)*Q
200
0.5
100
300
0.2
60
0.45
27
225
0.4
90
90y
230
90
27 kg m
b
S
90 kgm
-0. 3MpX
100 kgm
90 y
c
0.3M p
o
Force Polygon
MP = 103.76 kg p =2660
60 kgm
a
Couple Polygon

X= 1.13 meters, Y= 0.51 meters
Analytical Solution:
Note:As the Force table has only one unknown, it may be used to
find the value of mass M p & direction p .
& Vertical of components force is individually equal to zero.
pppp
s
o
c
pppp
4
6
1
.
7
=
Hence (0.3M p cos p ) + 100 cos 900 + (60 cos 00 ) + (90 cos 2300 ) = 0
()

i ,
i
i
i
2 &
5 i
.
3 g
0 n
1 i
d
= d
a
p
n &
i
g
s
n
i
pr
a
M u
q
S M
Hence (0.3M p sin p ) + 100sin 900 + (60sin 00 ) + (90sin 2300 ) = 0

( )
( )( )
p
cos 2 p + sin 2 p = (7.164) 2 + (103.52) 2
M p = 103.76kg
pppp
P
s
s
a
m
f
o
n
o
i
t
i
s
o
P
r
a
l
u
g
n
A
(
Dividing eqn (ii) by (i), we get, (taking absolute values)

103.52
0
=
86
7.164
As both numerator & denominator are -ve, angle is in
p = tan 1
the Third quadrant.

Hence p = 1800 + 86 = 2660 measured ccw w.r.t. 1.
Note :

i.e.C H =0 mrl cos = 0
Hence (0.3 103.76x cos 2660 ) + 0 + (27 cos 00 ) + (90 y cos 2300 ) = 0
2.17x-57.85y=-27 x - 26.66y = -12.44 (iii)
i.e.CV =0 mrl sin = 0
v
i
&
i
i
i
s
n
o
i
t
a
u
q
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g
n
i
v
l
o
s
Hence = (0.3 103.76x sin 2660 ) + 0 + (27 sin 00 ) + (90 y sin 2300 ) = 0
31.05x-68.944y=0 x - 2.22y = 0 (iv)
( )( )
s
t
m
3
1
.
1
=
x
,
s
t
m
1
5
.
0
=
y
t
e
g
e
w
Problem 3
A system of rotating masses which is in
complete dynamic balance has magnitudes of
5, 6 M & 8 kg and revolve in planes A, B, C & D.
The planes B, C and D are at distances of 0.3 m,
1.2 m and 2.0 m respectively from A. All the
masses are at the same radii of 0.3 m. Find the
magnitudes of M and relative angular position
of all the masses for complete balance.
-Ve
5 kg
0.3m
6 kg
0.3 m
R.P
M kg
0.3 m
0.3 m
+ve
8 kg
0.3 m
D
1.2 m
2m
Mass m (kg)
Radius (r)
mts
Force
mr
(kg-m)
Distance
from R.P. (l)
mts
Couple
mrl kg-m2
0.3
1.5
- 1.2
-1.8
0.3
1.8
-0.9
-1.62
(R.P) *C
0.3
0.3M
0.3
2.4
0.8
1.92
Plane
1.92(D)
-1.62(B)
Let the angle of mass A=0 deg. i.e from

left to right.
But as the couple is negative, take the
vector in the opposite direction.
Again the vector B represents -ve couple.
Hence the angle of mass B from
reference mass (A) should be measured
opposite to the direction of vector.
-1.8 (A)
COUPLE POLYGON
As the system of masses is completely balanced, the couple polygon must be a closed
polygon.
From the couple polyon,
we get angle of mass D=308 deg,
& angle of mass B=248 deg measured from A in ccw direction.
Hence
A =0 deg
B=248 deg
D = 308 deg
-Ve
5 kg
0.3m
6 kg
0.3 m
R.P
M kg
0.3 m
+ve
8 kg
0.3 m
D
308
0
248
0.3 m
1.2 m
2m
D
1.5 kgm
0
308
0
248
1.8 kgm
0.3M
2.4 kg-m

M = 14.13 kg M =1230
Force Polygon
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horizontal & Vertical components of couples is individually
equal to zero.
s
o
c
2
6
.
1
+
8
.
1
=
s
o
c
2
9
.
1
Hence [ (1.8 cos 0) + (1.62 cos B ) + (1.92 cos D ) ] = 0

(
()
D
B )
i
i
n
i
s
2
6
.
1
=
n
i
s
2
9
.
1
Hence [ (1.8 sin 0) + (1.62sin B ) + (1.92sin D ) ] = 0

( )
D
B
i
i
n
i
s
2
6
.
1
=
n
i
s
2
9
.
1
()
)
( )
B
B
s
o
c
2
6
.
1
+
8
.
1
=
s
o
c
2
9
.
1
(
,
i
i
&
i
g
n
i
d
d
a
&
g
n
i
r
a
u
q
S
D
( )( )
(1.92) 2 = (1.8) 2 + 2 1.8 1.62 cos B + (1.62) 2
OR
0
8
4
2
=
cos B = 0.3734
0
2
1
1
0
3
9
.
1
1
1
=
3.6864 = 3.24 + 5.832 cos B + 2.6244
2
1
1
s
o
c
2
6
.
1
+
8
.
1
=
s
o
c
2
9
.
1
Substituting the value of B in the equations (i) & (ii),

0
(
)
D
....
4
1
2
6
.
0
s
o
c
2
1
1
n
i
s
2
6
.
1
=
n
i
s
2
9
.
1
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
c
r
o
f
o
t
d
e
e
c
o
r
p
d
n
a
s
e
u
l
a
v
f
o
r
i
a
p
e
n
o
y
n
a
t
c
e
l
e
S
(Or 1.62 sin 248 0 )

)
3
2
8
7
.
0
r
O
3
4
.
8
0
3
3 r
2
8 O
7
.
0 7
5
.
1
5
n
i
s
7
5
.
1
5
3
4
.
8
0
3
&
0000
2
1
1
=
0000
8
4
2
=
e
.
i
&
(OR)
0
MMMM
n
o
i
t
c
e
r
i
8
d 0
& 3
M
s
s
a
M 8
0000
f 4
o 2
e
u =
l
a
v
e g
h n
t
i
t
d c
n e
i
f
l
o e
T S
&

8
6
.
7
=
MMMM
s
o
c
M
Hence (1.5 cos 0) + 1.8cos 2480 + (0.3M cos

()
) + (2.4 cos 3080 ) = 0
cos 2 M + sin 2 M = (7.68) 2 + (11.87) 2
.
g
k
3
1
.
4
1
=
2222
m
v
i i
i
&
i
i
i
7 g
8 i
n
.
1 d
1 d
= a
&
MMMMg
n n
i
i
s
r
a
M u
q
S
Hence (1.5 sin 0) + 1.8sin 2480 + (0.3M sin

( ))))
( )( )
) + (2.4 sin 3080 ) = 0
MMMM
M
s
s
a
m
f
o
n
o
i
t
i
s
o
P
r
a
l
u
g
n
A
(

11.87
0
0
0
=
57.1
=
(180
57.1)
=
122.9
123
7.68
( As the numerator is +ve & denominator is -ve, angle is in the second quadrant.)
M = tan 1
(Hence M = (1800 57.10 ) = 1230 measured ccw w.r.t. 1.)

Note :
Problem 4
The fig shows a system of four unbalanced masses.
Determine the dynamic force (reaction) at the bearings if
the rotor speed is 600 rpm. Take the masses in planes A,
B, C & D as 20 kg, 10 kg, 10 kg & 15 kg respectively. Their
radii of rotation are 50 mm, 50 mm, 30 mm & 40 mm
respectively.
20 kg @
50 mm
10 kg @
30 mm
mC
mA
80
15 kg @
40 mm
B
50
90
80
10 kg @
50 mm
50
60
D
80
60
40
mB
mD
Plane
Mass m (kg) Radius (r) mts
Force
mr
(kg-m)
Distance
from R.P. (l)
mts
Couple
mrl kg-m2
20
0.05
- 0.05
-0.05
(R.P)*
L
mL
rL
m Lr L
10
0.05
0.5
0.05
0.025
10
0.03
0.3
0.13
0.039
15
0.04
0.6
0.19
0.114
mM
rM
mM rM
0.23
0.23mMrM
mC
-0.05 kgm2
mA
80
80
60
0.039
90
0.025
mB
0.23 m rM
M
mD
0.114
0
4
7
.
6
0
1
=
,
2
m
g
k
1
3
8
5
.
0
=
rM
mM
Hence, dynamic force at the bearing M

2
2 600
=mM rM 2 = 0.5831
=
Couple PolygonP R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore 60
N
2
0
3
2
mM
0.3
mC
0.5
mA
1.0
80
10
7
m L rL
90
0.5831
80
60
0.6
mB
Force Polygon
0000
5
3
3
=
L
,
m
g
k
6
8
2
.
1
=
rL
mL
Hence, dynamic force at the bearing L
N
7
7
0
5
2 600
=mL rL = 1.286
=
60 Mech
P R Venkatesh
Dept RVCE Bangalore
2
mD
:
n
o
i
t
u
l
o
S
l
a
c
i
t
y
l
a
n
A
Note:As the couple table has only one unknown, it may be used to
find the value of m M rM & direction M .
.
8
6
1
.
0
=
s
o
c
rM
mM
(0.05 cos1400 ) + 0 + (0.025cos 2200 ) + (0.039 cos 600 )
=0
0
+(0.114 cos 270 ) + (0.23mM rM cos M )
()

i
i
.
4
8
5
5
.
0
=
M
n
i
s
rM
mM
(0.05 sin1400 ) + 0 + (0.025sin 2200 ) + (0.039sin 600 )
=0
0
+(0.114sin 270 ) + (0.23mM rM sin M )
( )
,
i
.
i
m
&
g
i
k
1
g
3
n
i
8
d
5
.
d
0
a
&
rM
g
n
i
M
r
a r Mm
u
M
q
S m
( )( )
cos 2 M + sin 2 M = (0.168) 2 + (0.5584) 2
Hence, dynamic force at the bearing M
N
2
0
3
2
MMMM
M
s
s
a
m
f
o
n
o
i
t
i
s
o
P
r
a
l
u
g
n
A
2 600
2
=mM rM = 0.5831
=
60
((((

0.5584
0
M = tan
=
73.26
0.168
As numerator is +ve & denominator is -ve, the angle is in

the Second quadrant.
1
Hence M = (180 73.26) = 106.740 measured ccw w.r.t. horizontal.

rL
mL
f
o
e
u
l
a
v
e
h
t
d
n
i
f
o
T
i
i
i
.
7
6
1
.
1
=
L
s
o
c
rL
mL
(1 cos1400 ) + mL rL cos L + (0.5cos 2200 ) + (0.3cos 600 )
=0
0
0
+(0.6 cos 270 ) + (0.5831cos106.74 )
( )

v
i
.
6
9
3
5
.
0
=
L
n
i
s
rL
mL
(1 sin1400 ) + mL rL sin L + (0.5sin 2200 ) + (0.3sin 600 )
=0
0
0
+(0.6sin 270 ) + (0.5831sin106.74 )

( )
v
i
&
i
m
i
i
g
g
k
n
i
7
d
5
d
8
a
2
.
&
1
g
=
n
i
rL
r
a
mL
u
q rL
S m L
( )( )
cos 2 L + sin 2 L = (1.167) 2 + (0.5396) 2
Hence, dynamic force at the bearing L
LLLL
L
s
s
a
m
f
o
n
o
i
t
i
s
o
P
r
a
l
u
g
n
A
2 600
=mL rL 2 = 1.2857
=
60
(
N
6
7
0
5
))))

0.5396
0
0
=
24.81
25
1.167
As numerator is -ve & denominator is +ve, the angle is in
M = tan 1
0000
5
3
3333
=
5
2
0
6
3
=
LLLL
the Fourth quadrant.

)
(
Problem 5
A shaft supported in bearings 1.6 m apart projects 400
mm beyond bearings at each end. It carries three pulleys
one at each end and one at the center of its length. The
masses of the end pulleys are 40 kg and 22 kg and their
eccentricities are 12 mm & 18 mm respectively from the
shaft axis. The mass of center pulley is 38 kg at 15 mm
radius. The pulleys are arranged in a manner that they
give static balance. Determine;
a) The relative angular positions of the pulleys
b) The dynamic forces developed on the bearings when
the shaft rotates at 210 rpm.
Space diagram
40 kg @ 12 mm
L
0.4 m
38 kg @ 15 mm
B
1.6 m
22 kg @ 18 mm
M
0.4 m
1. As the pulleys are arranged for static balance, the mr values of

pulleys A, B & C must form a closed polygon, from which their
relative angular positions can be obtained.
2. To find the dynamic reaction at bearings, assume balancing masses
in the bearing planes and find their mr values. Then the dynamic
forces at the bearings will be mr2 .
Plane
Mass m (kg) Radius (r) mts
Force
mr
(kg-m)
Distance
from R.P. (l)
mts
Couple
mrl kg-m2
40
0.012
0.48
- 0.4
-0.192
(R.P)*
L
mL
rL
m Lr L
38
0.015
0.57
0.8
0.456
mM
rM
mM rM
1.6
1.6mMrM
22
0.018
0.396
0.792
0.396
kgm
o.57 kgm
137
261
0
A
0.48 kgm
C
Static Force Polygon

(To obtain angles between
the masses)
Angular Positions of masses

B =1370, C =2610 w.r.t A
0.456 kg m2
-0.192 kg m2
137
M
261
0.792 kg m 2
1.6 mM rM
C
Couple Polygon
From the couple polygon, M = 360 , mM rM = 0.5015 kgm.

Hence the dynamic reaction at the bearing M
N
3
5
.
2
4
2
2 210
=m M rM = 0.5015
=
Venkatesh60
Bangalore
PR
Mech Dept RVCE
2
mM
0.5015 kg-m
0.396 kg-m
261
mLrL
0
36
137
0
0.57 kg-m
0.48 kg-m
Force Polygon
From the couple polygon, L = 3240 , mL rL = 0.501 kgm.

Hence the dynamic reaction at the bearing L
N
3
.
2
4
2
2 210
=m L rL = 0.501
=
60 Mech Dept
P R Venkatesh
RVCE Bangalore
2

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Need for Balancing

In high speed machinery, the centrifugal forces

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

A system can be statically balanced with a single

For a system to be dynamically balanced , it requires at

Balancing of several masses revolving in same plane

For a system to be dynamically balanced , it requires at

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

(300 cos 450 ) + (255cos1350 ) + (125cos 2400 ) + (75M c cos c ) = 0

(300 sin 450 ) + (255sin1350 ) + (125sin 2400 ) + (75M c sin c ) = 0

Sum of vertical components of forces = 0

(300 sin 450 ) + (255sin1350 ) + (125sin 2400 ) + (75M c sin c ) = 0

= 83.840 = (360 83.84) =

(As numerator is - ve & denominator is + ve,

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

(5 cos 0) + (2.5cos 600 ) + (4 cos1350 ) + (M 4 cos 2100 ) + (M 5 cos 2700 ) = 0

(5 sin 0) + (2.5sin 600 ) + (4sin1350 ) + (3.95sin 2100 ) + (M 5 sin 2700 ) = 0

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

balance. Determine the angular

positions of masses 12 kg & 15 kg relative to

As the system of masses

Taking a suitable scale,

(i.e. along the horizontal).

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

Relative angular positions

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

Sum of vertical components of forces = 0

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

Hence [ (640 sin 0) + (1200sin 2 ) + (900sin 3 ) ] = 0

Hence [ (640 cos 0) + (1200 cos 2 ) + (900 cos 3 ) ] = 0

(900) 2 = (640) 2 + 2 640 1200 cos 2 + (1200) 2

810000 = 409600 + 1536000 cos 2 + 1440000

Substituting the value of 2 in the equations (i) & (ii),

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

Balancing of several masses revolving in

Here, 1=00, 2 , 4 are unknown, 3=900

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

If a couple is ve , take the vector in

Hence distance between

Hence (0.09 cos 0) + 0 + (0.1cos 900 ) + (0.14 x cos 4 ) = 0

Sum of vertical components of couples = 0

Hence (0.09 sin 0) + 0 + (0.1sin 900 ) + (0.14 x sin 4 ) = 0

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

0.14 x cos 2 4 + sin 2 4 = (0.09) 2 + (0.1)2

0.14 x = 0.13454. Hence x=0.961 mts.

Hence 4 = (360 48) = 3120 measured ccw w.r.t. 1.

As the system of masses is balanced by itself, summation of horizontal

Sum of vertical components of forces = 0

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

Dividing eqn (ii) by (i), we get, (taking absolute values)

As both numerator & denominator is -ve, the angle is in

the third quadrant.

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

P R Venkatesh Mech Dept RVCE Bangalore

From the couple polygon,

Sum of vertical components of forces = 0

Hence (0.3M p sin p ) + 100sin 900 + (60sin 00 ) + (90sin 2300 ) = 0

cos 2 p + sin 2 p = (7.164) 2 + (103.52) 2

Dividing eqn (ii) by (i), we get, (taking absolute values)