Byzantina Ukrainensis

. . , . . , . . ,
. . , . .

Yu. M. Mogarichv, A. V. Sazanov, T. E. Sargsyan,
S. B. Sorochan, A. K. Shaposhnikov

THE LIVES OF BISHOPS OF CHERSON

within the ontext of the History of Tauric Chersonesos

2012

 63.3(24)
742
. ., . ., . ., . ., . .
// . Byzantina
Ukrainensis. : , 2012. . 1. 416 .
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:
, 61077, , , 4,
. . . , . . (057)7075337; e-mail:
byznartex@gmail.com

( ) - ()

ISBN 9786175620069

. . .

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( )
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Byzantina Ukrainensis

2012


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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
I
. . . . . . . . . . . 9
I. .
II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
III. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. IV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.
.
.
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. 21
. 53
. 92
.101

II
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
VI.
. . . . . . . . .132
VII. .
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
VIII. . . . . . . .313
IX. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375
1
. . . . . . . . . . .379
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382
3
. . . . . . . .385
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412

CONTENTS
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Part I
The Lives of Holy Bishops of Cherson: texts and translations . . . . . . . . . 9
Chapter I. The Lives of Bishops of Cherson: a history of studies of the source
Chapter II. Greek and Latin Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter III. Church Slavonic Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter IV. Georgian Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter V. Armenian Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . 9
. .21
. .53
. .92
. 101

Part II
The Lives of Holy Bishops of Cherson: problems of their chronology
and historical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Chapter VI. Problems of Historical and Christian Topography of Chersonesos
within the Context of the Lives of Holy Bishops of Cherson . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter VII. Four-Apsidal Church in Chersonesos and the Lives
of Holy Bishops of Cherson: the chronology and interpretation . . . . . . . .
Chapter VIII. The Lives of Bishops of Cherson: a version
concerning their protograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter IX. The Lives of Bishops of Cherson: main stages
of formation of the source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 132
. 203
. 313
. 344

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Appendix 1
The Live of Bishops of Cherson According to Dimitry of Rostov . . . . . . . . 379
Appendix 2
Services to Holy Bishops of Cherson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Appendix 3
Dictionary of Personal Names in the Lives of Bishops of Cherson . . . . . . . 385
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412


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736, IV ., . . 1984 . . 10. ( ) 11. ,
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28

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(sic!)

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;
(cf. Ioh. 11.35)

29

(cf. Luc. 16.8 cet.)

5.

(cf. Theognis 847)

(cf. Ps. 73.19)

(cf. Menandri Mon. 617)








(cf. Matth. 13.38; Greg. Naz., Laudatio Athanasii, 21 ed. J. Mossay,
1980, p. 154)

( cod.)

30


(legi non
potest; an )

[noter lpithte apostolique attribue a Constantin]

(lectio dubia)



( inconnu a Liddell Scott et a Lampe, est
mentionn par Demetrakis)

(le Dniepr)


(cf. Ps. 45.5)


(cf. Gal. 4.26),

( cod.)

( cod.)

(cod.)
(delendum videtur)

(cf. 1 Macc. 2.52)

31

 (cf. Is. 43.2)

(cf. Ier. 38.29)

(cf. 1 Petr. 5.8)

(cf. Ioh. 10.11 et 14)


(cf.
Ps. 22.2)
(cf. Matth. 25.33)

(cf. Matth. 25.33)

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40

eptima anctorum Hieromartyrum, qui Cherone Epicopi fuerunt [

] Euphrm, Baileos, Eugenij, Capitonis, & reliquorum.
ub imperio Diocletiani, Hermon Hieroolymorom Antites, miit Epicopos, in Turciam quidem, Euphrm, Cheronem ver Bailea: qui illic Chritum prdicans, ac verberibus affectus, delitecere coactus et. ed cum Prfecti filium a mortuis sucitaet , denuo
revocatus et, & Prfectum ipum multosque alios baptizauit. Infideles autem rabie agitate,
funibus per pedes adactis eum raptarunt: quo in cruciatu animam exhalavit. Post eius autem
exceum, venerunt Eugenius, Agathodorus, Capiton, Elpidius, Chritumque prdicarunt.
Ac countes Ethnici, eos quoque trucidarunt. Post hc autem mius item Hieroolymis et
therius, qui perpecta populi feritate, ad Contantinum Magnum, qui iam tum Byzantij
edem imperij contituerat, profectus, eum permouit, ut Cherone eijici idololatras iuberet.
dificata ibidem eccleia, rurus ad Imperatorem tetendit therius: cumque & gratijs actis, & varijs ad res acras pertinentibus ab Imperatore donatus, Cheronem reuerteretur, in
Danap(r)im flumen deiectus et, ibique vir finem accepit.
. (. 344)
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ol. 517518. finis X saeculi? Mart. VII

[ S],

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42

[ S]
[ S].
eptima anctorum Hieromartyrum, qui Cherone Epicopi fuerunt [
] Euphrm, Baileos, Eugenij, Capitonis, & reliquorum.
ub imperio Diocletiani, Hermon Hieroolymorom Antites, miit Epicopos, in Turciam quidem, Euphrm, Cheronem ver Bailea: qui illic Chritum prdicans, ac verberibus affectus, delitecere coactus et. ed cum Prfecti filium a mortuis sucitaet
, denuo revocatus et, & Prfectum ipum multosque alios baptizauit. Infideles autem
rabie agitate, funibus per pedes adactis eum raptarunt: quo in cruciatu animam exhalavit.
Post eius autem exceum, venerunt Eugenius, Agathodorus, Capiton, Elpidius,
Chritumque prdicarunt. Ac countes Ethnici, eos quoque trucidarunt.
Post hc autem mius item Hieroolymis et therius, qui perpecta populi feritate,
ad Contantinum Magnum, qui iam tum Byzantij edem imperij contituerat, profectus,
eum permouit, ut Cherone eijici idololatras iuberet. dificata ibidem eccleia, rurus
ad Imperatorem tetendit therius: cumque & gratijs actis, & varijs ad res acras pertinentibus ab Imperatore donatus, Cheronem reuerteretur, in Danap(r)im flumen deiectus
et, ibique vir finem accepit.
. 517518. X . VII
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[ D]

.
Septim, Sanctorum Hieromartyrum, qui Cherone Epicopi fuerunt, Bailei,
Ephrm, Capitonis, Eugenij, therij & reliquorum.
1 Anno exto decimo Imperij Diocletiani, cm Hermon anctiimus Hieroolymorum
Pontifex, ad varias gentes Epicopos ablegaet, qui Apotolico more verbum Dei

48

prdicarent, & Chritum annuntiarunt, nii quoque ab eo unt Deiferi hi Patres notri
in Taurocythicam regionem, Ephrm quidem in Scythiam, Baileus ver Cheronem.
Hic cm in eam vrbem veniet, ac homines ad fidem ucipiendam & corrigendos
mores hortaretur ab incolis, pro noui regiminis atque intitutionis uaore habitus,
paternarumque legum & religionum corruptore, verberibus excipitur arque vrbe eijicitur.
Exinde in pelo quodam, quod Parthenonem vocabant, commoratur, ltus quidem
& gaudio exultans, qud propter Chritum eet contumeli affectus, mtus ver &
afflictus animoque deiectus, ob infidelium errorem ac duritiem cordis.
2 Cm ita eet animo affectus, & pro illis Deum deprecaretur ab ipimet ultro
reuocatus et. Nam cm Pridi eorum, vrbique principi filius eet extinctus, iamque
datus epultur, & ad tumulum cognati ejus hrerunt; vii ibi unt, velut per omnium
adtantem illum videre, atque audire ipis dicentem: Si vultis vt reuiuicam, hopitem
illum, cui contumeliam irrogatis, reuocate, uceptque eius doctrina, vt pro me Deum
precetur, orate. Id cm factum eet, ac ancti viti precibus cum infuione aqu, benedict,
velut in figuram quamdam eu typum acri baptimatis, reuocatus ad vitam puer eet.
Christi fidem parentes ejus uceperunt, & cum dometicis omnibus & notis ac familiaribus
ac baptimi lauacrum conuolarunt. Sed qui in u pertinaci manerunt, Iudjs ad
editionem concitati, Sanctum per compita tamdiu raptarunt, donec piritm Deo reddidit.
3 Dein rurum pot S. Bailei mortem, Eugenius, Agathodorus, Elpidius, appuli
unt Cheronem: quippe & ipi imiliter ab Epicopo Hieroolymitano gentium Apotoli
errant ordinate, & mii vt alutem ijs annuntiarent. In hos quoque impij inurrexerunt,
ac vinctos crudeliimeque & immaniim verberibus lacetatos mactarunt, anno vno
pot cdem SS. Bailei & Ephrm, exto die Martij menis.
4 Pot annos plures mius rurum et Hieroolymis therius Epicopus: qui cm
feritatem ac pertinaci populi cerneret, profectus et Byzantium, de barbaris illis cum
Imperatore acturus: iam enim Magnus Contantinus Imperij Romani habeas tractabat.
Succeit ei congreus ille cum Imperatore ex animi ui ententi: nam eius edicto
procripti & ab vrbi eiecti increduli illi pagani, aduero viri pij ad vrbem inhabitandam
mii ac introducti unt. Dum vero rurus idem B. therius Byzantium profectus eet, vt
gratias Imperatori ageret, in reditu oppreus ab impijs, inque flumen Danaprin proiectus,
ita martyrij curum peregit exto Martij.
5 Mis deinde ad Magnum Contantinum legatione, B. Capitonem Epicopum
acceperunt. Qu res pios gaudio affecit, mrore incredulos. Potulant igitur hi, vt
ignum fidei u exhibeat, in vnam videlicet earum, quas ipi uccendient, fornacum
ingrederetur, indeque illus & ab igne intactus exiret. Epicopus ergo acr vete
indutus, & circumpoito humeris Omophorio, igno ee anctae Crucis communiens,
ignem ingreus et, ac per longum tempus in eo permanens, plane intactus exiuit,
ecumque Sacerdotalem vetem prunis ardentibus oppletam, extulit: ac fere vniueros
eo miraculo attonitos ad Deum conuertit & baptimo lutrauit: ipeque tandem die XXII
Decembris vitam proper beateque terminauit.
, , , , , , , .
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49

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50

 . - . . 164168.
. . ...
IV . . 165173.
10
Halkin Fr. La passion des sept vques de Cherson (Crime). . 253261.
11
Ehrhard H. berlieferung und Bestand der hagiographischen und homiletischen Literatur der
griechischen Kirche von den Anfangen bis zum Ende des 16. Leipzig, 1937. T. 1. . 587588;
Leipzig, 1943. . 3. . 379383.
12
Ehrhard H. berlieferung und Bestand der hagiographischen und homiletischen Literatur
der griechischen Kirche von den Anfangen bis zum Ende des 16. . 3. . 404405; . 1. . 590.
Note 12. P. 599. Note 0.
13
IV . . 546.
14
. ., . , . . .
. 5668.
15
. . ...
IV . . 191200.
16
55.10: , ,
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.
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.
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11:53: ( ); 11.54: , , ,
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: , .
20
. 15:10.
21
11.35: .
22
16:8: , ;
.
23
847.
24
. 73:19: ; .
25
. Menandri Gnomae monostichoi // Mette, J. Lustrum 10. 1965. P. 188. Ff, 617.
26
13:38: ; , , ; Greg. Naz., Laudatio Athanasii 21 / d. J. Mossay. 1980. . 154.
27
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28
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51

. 25:33: , .
. . . . . . 6365.
43
. . . . . . 26.
44
.: . . 42
// . - . ., 1905. . 7. 2.
45
evenko N. P. Menologion of Basil II // ODB. Oxford, 1991. V. 2. . 13411342.
46
Migne J. P. Menologii pars III Martius VIII // Patrologiae Graecae. Vol. 117. P. 344.
47
Migne J. P. Menologii pars I December XXII // Patrologiae Graecae. Vol. 117. . 221.
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Acta sanctorum. Martii. . 1. Antverpiae, MDCLXVIII. P. 640. , , Acta sanctorum : Novum Anthologion Grcum ab Antonio Arcudio Soleti, archiprebytero compoitum & Clementi VIII Pont. Max. dedicatum Roma, typographia Vaticana, 1423 AD.
( . )
...
, 1880; , 1888.
49
Propylaeum ad acta Sanctorum Novembris. Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice
Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi adiectis synaxariis selectis opera et studio Hippolyti Delehaye. Bruxellis, 1902.
50
Propylaeum ad acta Sanctorum Novembris. Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice
Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi adiectis synaxariis selectis opera et studio Hippolyti Delehaye. Mensis
Martius 7. ol. 517518.
51
Acta sanctorum. Martii. . 1. Antverpiae, MDCLXVIII. P. 640. , , : Novum Anthologion Grcum ab Antonio Arcudio Soleti,
archiprebytero compoitum & Clementi VIII Pont. Max. dedicatum Roma, typographia Vaticana,
1423 AD.
52
Propylaeum ad acta Sanctorum Novembris. Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice
Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi adiectis synaxariis selectis opera et studio Hippolyti Delehaye. Mensis
December XXII d. ol. 336338.
53
Propylaeum ad acta Sanctorum Novembris. Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice
Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi adiectis synaxariis selectis opera et studio Hippolyti Delehaye. Synaxaria Selecta N Mart 7. ol. 517518.
54
Propylaeum ad acta Sanctorum Novembris. Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice
Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi adiectis synaxariis selectis opera et studio Hippolyti Delehaye. Synaxaria Selecta D. Mart 6. ol. 513516.
55
Acta sanctorum. Martii. . 1. Antverpiae, MDCLXVIII. P. 642. Ex Menaeis et Maximo epics. Cytheraeo
1602.

. , 1693 . ( . . . .
. . 30).
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209

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219

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465468 .157
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565578 .162 VI . .
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220

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Pontic red slip wares, 7, . . . . .
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VII.5, 2

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VII .

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VII.5, 7

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VII.5, 22

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670 .

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Late Roman C Form 3
Opait Vb

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440460 .

24

Late Roman C Form 3 type E

VII.6, 2

25

Late Roman C Form 3 type E

VII.6, 3

26

Late Roman C Form 3 type E

VII.6, 4

27

Late Roman C Form 3 type E.

Small variant

VII.6, 5

28

Late Roman C Form 3 type E

VII.6, 6

V
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Late Roman C Form 3 type E

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30

Late Roman C Form 3 type E

VII.6, 8

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Late Roman C Form 3 type E

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V . 520- .
V
VI .

32

Late Roman C Form 3 type E

VII.6, 10

V . 520- .

33

Late Roman C Form 3 type E

VII.6, 11

34

Late Roman C form 3 type F

VII.6, 12

35

Late Roman C form 3 type F

VII.6, 13

36

Late Roman C form 3 type F

VII.6, 14

37

Late Roman C form 1?

VII.6, 17

38

Pontic red slip wares 7=LRD 2

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Foy forme
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224

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225

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10

11

10

83,3

10

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16,7

11

12

12

Late Roman C.
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Late Roman C form 3.
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12

Late Roman C Form 3 Type

10

Late Roman C Form 3 Type F

50

50

Late Roman C Form 3 Type F/G

10

10

Late Roman C Form 3 Type H

30

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2. Late Roman C form 3 (. VII.9, 2).

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227

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(. VII.9, 15)263.

228

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17. Foy D.Forme 23a (. VII.9, 17).
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V . VIIIIX .265
18. Foy D. Forme 19 (. VII.9, 18).
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VII.8, 2

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VII.8, 3

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21

Late
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V
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24

Late
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VII.9, 6

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25

Late
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V .
VI VI .

26

Late
Roman C form 3 type F/G
Late
Roman C form 3 type H
Late
Roman C form 3 type H
Late
Roman C form 3 type H
Late
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ARSW. AIIAIII

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VII.9, 10

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VII.9, 18

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VII.9, 20

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23
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246

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248

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 22
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249

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. . // Iberica.
M., 1983. . 23.
108
Flavius_Lucius_Dexter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavius_Lucius_Dexter (2 2010.).
Ticknor G. History of Spanish literature in three volumes. London, 1849. Vol. 3. P. 140, 141.
109
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123
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374

SUMMARY
The Lives of Holy Bishops of Cherson are the most famous hagiographic works in the
Crimean mediaeval cycle. This volume analyses their versions in Greek (nine texts),
Church Slavonic (nine texts), Armenian (two texts), and Georgian (two texts).
The most ancient version of the Lives reflected the following events: in the age of
Diocletian, possibly in the 16th year of his reign, the bishop of Jerusalem, Hermon, having
some relation to a certain Esnalot (mentioned in Church Slavonic text), sent two bishops
to propagate Christianity, Ephraim to Tourkia and Basileus to Cherson. Having started to
spread the word of God in the city and having felt the resistance and harassment (he was
probably beaten) from the pagans, he escaped to some cave Parthenon within the city
area. Upon a request from some of the first residents of the city and his wife, sent to
the saint by their dead son who appeared to them in their sleep, he called the dead young
boy back to life by the rite of baptism. Some assistants of the saint were also present at
this event. After this miracle, the parents (and possibly other relatives) were also baptized.
However, the pagans raised against the bishop. They came to the cave, found there the
saint, tied and dragged him by the legs, and threw away out of the Holy Gates located in
the west area of the city. Later, a pillar with cross was erected at place where the saint was
martyred.
Some disciple of Basilius went to Hellespontus and found there three missionaries,
Elpidius, Eugenius and Agathodoros, also Jerusalemites. Notified of the fate of Basileus,
they left for Cherson. There they were tortured to death by Hellenes. The poor ones were
dragged along the streets and beaten by sticks and stones. The bodies were thrown out of
the town on the east, possibly through the Dead Gates.
Short time after the martyrdom of Elpidius, Eugenius and Agathodoros, Jerusalem
bishop sent Aetherius to the Chersonites. This one came to the city and discovered that
local dwellers had cruel hearts and could hardly be converted to Christianity. Having
learnt that Constantine the Great became the emperor, Aetherius sailed to Constantinople
and reported the situation of Cherson to the ruler. Constantine sent a company of soldiers
to Cherson, so they expelled all the pagans from the city and populated it with Christians.
Aetherius built there a church, then sailed to Constantinople, thanked the emperor, and, on
his way back, was brought him to the isle of Alsos in the mouth of the Dnieper by wind,
and died there.
Having learnt of the death of their bishop, the Chersonites appealed to Theodosius I
asking him for a new primate. He sent there Capiton accompanied by five hundred soldiers.
The saint came to the city and started preaching for the local Christian population, as well
as for the pagans expelled to the neighbouring area. He reconciled two parties, so the
pagans entered the city, and Capiton tried to incline them to accept Christianity. They
demanded to prove the superiority of new creed and proposed the bishop to enter a kiln
for baking lime that was intended for building of a church. Capiton agreed but demanded
that pagans deliver their children as pledge. After the Roman soldiers took the hostages,
the saint entered the furnace and went out in an hour, undamaged. After that, the bishop

375

baptized all the population of the city. Upon his request, the emperor left the soldiers
headed by Theonas in the city, so they received its eastern area to settle there. Capiton died
after a long life when he made many good deeds.
Possibly, two traditions of this story shaped later, putting forward Aetherius or Capiton
respectively. The first states that Aetherius was incumbent bishop of Cherson, so he put the
main strike on local pagans and, therefore, this saint has the main deed of establishment
Christianity in the city. Capiton continued the struggle of Aetherius and just put the last
nail into the coffin of Cherson paganism. According to alternative tradition, Aetherius
died on the way to the city, so the main job on the final Christianisation of Cherson laid on
shoulders of Capiton.
The complex of main points of the source: 1) indication of a burial outside the city;
2) topic with resurrection of a child through the sacrament of baptism; 3) Jerusalem
origin of Christianity in Cherson; 4) absence of miracles post-mortem; 5) parallels with
the Life of John of Gothia; 6) the source keeps silence about the tradition of veneration
of the holy bishops in Cherson (but only contemporarily with the author of the Life);
7) obvious controversy between the account of the Life and Chapter 53 of Constantine
Porphyrogenetos De Administrando Imperio; 8) irregular information of the bishops all
these allow us to suggest that the Lives of Bishops of Cherson, or at least their variant that
became a source for all known versions, originated in the Iconoclastic period.
Possibly, the origin of the Lives is connected to the formation of new bishopric system
in the Crimea in the Iconoclastic period. This was the impact for the appearance of local
hagiography.
It is known that there were two bishoprics in the Crimea before the Iconoclastic period:
Cherson and Bosporos. Possibly, when the separation of Gothia from Cherson bishopric
became actual question, the environment of local church leaders found it necessary to
record deep historical roots of Cherson church and its in-deep connection with ancient
Christian centres.
Perhaps the initial story of the main part of the Lives finished with Aetherius who
expelled pagans from the city thus signifying the triumph of Christianity. Probably, certain
Capiton was venerated in Cherson in that period separately from other bishops.
In the second quarter of the ninth century, the Byzantine government created a new
administrative unit in the Crimea, the theme. This new political reality coincided with the
renovation of iconophilia, so the leaders of local bishopric introduced corrections into the
Lives. There appeared Capiton of Constantinople who became a peace-maker and finally
made the city Christian with the help from soldiers sent from the imperial capital.
Probably, it was the time when two versions of the source appeared, trying to construct
a logical development of the story of the Lives. One of them even does not allow Aetherius
to come to Cherson and gives all the priorities in the affair of Christianisation of the locals
to Capiton. Most likely, this variant became more popular in Cherson.
Official Byzantine church selected another version of the Lives with most stress on
Aetherius.
Most likely, the saints of Cherson initially were venerated in this region only. They
could possibly get all-Byzantine status in the late tenth century when Cherson was
taken by Vladimir. It was the time when, on the one hand, there appeared a question of
the Empires right on Cherson and, on the other hand, the founders of the Rus church
should find a necessity to prove deep historical roots of Christianity in Cherson, at place
where, according to the official version, Vladimir was baptized. In such a case, local saints

376

came just on the right moment. Their life proved the origin of local church from the Holy
Land and its inseparable connection to Constantinople. This is a good explanation of wide
distribution of the Lives in Byzantine hagiography from the late tenth century and their
early, not late than early eleventh century, penetration to Rus land.
When we discuss the question if the first bishops of Cherson were historic, our attention
is drawn by the fact that the Spanish hagiographic tradition also keeps a memory of early
Christian missionaries with the same names as the Crimean bishops, and Spanish preachers
are also connected to the city of Chersonesos, but the one located in the Pyrenean peninsula.
This allows us to draw the conclusion that hagiographers of Cherson and Spain most likely
used the same source, probably a short Latin (Greek?) church calendar not older than the
age of Theodosius II.
In the period of Iconoclasm, when the making local literature of lives became an
urgent question, hagiographers from the Crimea and Cherson used this episode as a
background and related it to Tauric Chersonesos. Nowadays, we cannot be confident if the
Lives mentioned some real events or their story is completely imagined; most likely, the
author tried to introduce into his work some events and historic figures that survived in the
memory of the Chersonites.
The researchers of Chersonesos have made numerous attempts to relate this or that
monument on the site of Cherson with the story told by the Lives and place-names
mentioned in the text. This way, there is an acute discussion around the location of the
so-called minor agora. Sergey Sorochan suggested to take into account the division of the
city into four parts by the crossing of main longitudinal and transverse streets, with this
crossing as the place where the minor agora was located. This area was near a complex
of churches and public-administrative buildings at the south gates of the city. According
to Sorochan, these gates were the Dead Gates mentioned in the Lives, because they
really opened into the peribolos, that lead to the cemetery outside the city walls, near
Karantinnaya bay, where, according to the legend, Eugenius, Agathodoros and Elpidius
were buried.
Another monument that is related to the Lives of Holy Bishops of Cherson by
historiography was discovered in quarter III of the city, near the main longitudinal street; the
researchers call it cave church in the main street. It is two-level church with underground
crypt, possibly a sepulchre of important persons.
Historiography relates the memory of St. Baileus to cross-church no. 27 built in the
middle of the large agora and encircled with other churches.
Especial attention should be paid to the scholars search for the church consecrated
in honour of Apostle Peter in Parthenon, as described by the Lives. It is interpreted as
either Uvarov basilica, or Basilica on a Hill, or early church in the north coast where 1935
Basilica is located. Sorochan paid attention to the connection between the place called
Parthenon or Parthenion by the Chersonites and Greco-Roman temenos in the city, of
the same name. If this is correct, the legendary church in honour of St. Peter is the Eastern
Basilica (no. 36), rebuilt to the late sixth century of earlier St. Peters church.
Scholars relate several monuments in the western area of Chersonesos to the miracle
of resurrection of the son of the leader of Cherson by bishop Basileus, that according to
the legend was made in a vault, where the boy was buried. Sometimes, it is related to the
vault below the cross-tomb D near the Western Basilica (no. 13). According to Sorochan,
the so-called vault in N. I. Turs land could be the monument meeting the guidelines of
the Lives and related to the miracle of resurrection. In Sorochans opinion, the place where

377

martyred bishop Basileus was buried could be related to cemetery church above a single
vault with unusual figural vaulting of plinth (altarless church G, or no. 12) that was a
part of a monastery buildings dated from the sixth to the tenth century and located in the
north-west extremity of the city.
The so-called four-apsidal church is the only object, which relation to the
hagiographic story is almost generally accepted, in contrast to acute discussion on the
connection between other sites and place-names of the Lives. The chronology of building
of the four-apsidal church is reliably determined according to the chronology of levelling
layers within the limits of the late second and third quarter of the sixth century. The church
existed for a relatively short period, to 880s, that makes its attribution as the martyrium of
St. Capiton doubtful. The kiln for baking lime (no. 1) below the church floor has nothing
to do with it: it coincidence to Capitons church is accidental. Architecture of the
church does not give reason to interpret this tetraconch of Cherson as a martyrium. The
idea that there was relation between the shape of tetraconch and martyrium is a mistake.
Archaeological context does not have evidences of pilgrimage to this church. However,
the size of the Cherson church makes it unique among simple tetraconchs. Its building
certainly was an important event in the church history of Cherson. The silence of sources
and lack of epigraphic monuments do not allow us to build hypotheses concerning the
saint to whom this church was dedicated. Hypothetically, we can interpret this church as
the first stage of rapid development of architecture that started in Cherson and its environs
10 or 20 years after its construction.

378

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384

(syn. bas. II
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XIV
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f; . f, . , ; . ; .
f; . d, , , . ; . ) . (Pape 6),
--, -, (),
. , . , , . . 57 60
. . . , .
, , ,
, , .
(cod. XI
; . ~ ;
. w ; .. w ; . w ; . . , . ) . . . .
, , -. , , .
. (Ptol. III, V, 2)

(
) (. ) (),
- , . ., . ,

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. , . ,
. (
) (9: 82). . .
(. Anterios) . . , . . , . , . . anterius , (
- Anterius ~ Antherius ).
, (). , , II- 381 .,
Aetherius Tersonitamus, Anterius
Antherius Tersonitanus1. . .
/ . , -
, , . ,
.
Anterius, . (Pape 34, 90). ,
.
(syn. bas. II , ; syn. X ,
; cod. XI ; syn. 1071,
, , ;
syn. XII , , ,
; cod. XIV , , , ; cod.
XVI , , , ; horolog. ; ass Bailei, Baileus

385

ver Cheronem, pot S. Bailei mortem, Bailei & Ephrm; galesin. Bailei; molan. Bailei; ferrar. Bailei; actor. Baileos; menais Baileos, Baileus diuina apiens, Baileus, canamus, Bailea;
ps.-dex. 57 AD Alterum Bailium, qui primus fuit Carthaginis Spartari Prul, 60 AD Bailius
Carthaginis Spartari, dicipulus eius [S. Iacobi Apotoli] primus; . h, , , ; . , ; . , , ; . #,
, , ; . , , w; . ,
, . ; . , )
. : (Pape 199200)? , .
. IV . . IOSPE I (Nomina virorum et mulierum), 231; 1964,
. 191 ; 2 . 126, 276 ; IOSPE
IV (Nomina), 95, 332: . IV . . ., ?
, ,
- 536 .:

(. ),
.
: (6 ?), (4 , ), (3 ),
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, ,
VIII .
(IOSPE IV Res Publica, p. 67, 77, 80, 328; notabilia varia p. 185, 240: ). , , 12 -, . (. 57 60 .).
(. ; . u; . u; . u; . ; . u) . , . . .
(syn. bas. II ; syn. X ; cod. XI
; syn. 1071 ; syn. XII
; cod. XIV , ; cod. XVI
[] ; ass inque flumen Danaprin proiectus; . ) . () h h h h, VI . . . , ,
,
. ,
. , , . (. 8, . 6)
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. h; h h) . ( )
. , . - . . .

386

 (. h) -. .
.
, , ,
, . . ,
. .
(syn. bas. II , ; syn. X ; ; cod. XI ; syn.
1071 ,
; syn. XII ,
; cod. XIV ; cod. XVI ,
; horolog.
u; . v ; . v, ; . , ~~; . vh# #; . v ; . v ;
h; . ; ASS Eugenij, Eugenius; galesin. Eugenij; molan. Eugenij; ferrar. Eugenij; actor. Eugenij; menais Eugenij, Eugenio inclyto, Eugenius, Eugenium; ps.-dext. 57 AD Eugenius
Valentiae, 60 AD Eugenius Valentinus; . ) ,
(3 ., 20 ., 26 .),
(25 . 4 ). : 1) ,
393 . (Zosim. IV 5458; Io. Ant. fragm. 187); 2)
(St. Byz., Suid.); 3) (Themist. Or. I 23;
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5) .
(. ~f) .-. -.
(?). , .
, . . . .-.
(syn. bas. II ; syn. X ,; cod. XI;
syn. 1071, ; syn. XII, ; cod. XIV , ; cod.
XVI; . ; . ; . ~ ~~; . ; . ; . ; ; .
; ASS Elpidius; menais cum Elpidio,Elpidius; ps.-dext. 57AD, 60AD Elpidius Toletanus bis);
. ) ; (),
.
(. . 12, 20; 4, 24; . . 1.
1 .), (Inscr. 3. 4621, 4788), (Mion 4,
86) (Pape 354).
.
( ). . .
(cod. XVI ; . ) . .
. . : ( (Inscr. 3037,
3720; 2, 1997; 4, 8507), (Mion. III 9: 13; S. VI 22), ( III 38; 1329), (Inscr. 3, 6376) (Pape 354).
, - . . .
(syn. bas. II; syn. X; cod. XI [
N]; syn. 1071
; syn. XII

; cod. XIV
, ,
,
; cod. XVI
; . ~; . u; ASS Hermon anctiimus
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. [
, Hymenaeus], 24 ( 5777 . 13-
, 578723- , 578824-
); 30: 295/6305 . [, Zabdas], 10 (13- ,
16 , 16 17- -

387

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, Herm], 9
( 16 , 5 !
, ); 32: 314333 . [, Macarius], 20 (58075826 . ).
(. w; . ; . w; . w; ps.-dext. 57
AD Alotum Iudex) (.-. hsn + elohuth
?), ,
(?). (Iudex)
. (57 .
. .), ,
, , , . , 7
.-. esnalot iudex / iudaicus
/ (?).
(syn. bas. II ; syn. I , ; cod. XI
, ; syn. bas. II ;
syn. II ; syn. 1071,
; syn. XII , ; syn. XII ; cod.
patm., ,; cod. XVI , ,
; horolog. u; . f, . w, . ~, ~,
. w, w, . w, , . ; ASS
therij, Hieroolymis therius Epicopus, therius; galesin. theri; ferrar. therij; actor. therij;
menais therij, therio, & diuinus therius,, cum theriine; ps.-dext. 57AD, 60AD therius
Barcinonenis bis; . ) , ,
II- 381 .,
Aetherius Tersonitamus,
Anterius Antherius Tersonitanus3. . .
/ . . ,
- , ,
. , .
Anterius, . (Pape 34,
90). ,
. () 57 60 .
. . . Tersonitamus Chersonites , , . . .
(Tetrisiada) () ().
(syn. bas. II ; syn. X , ;
cod. XI ; syn. 1071 ; syn. XII , ; cod. XIV
, ; cod. XVI [], , ,; horolog. ; epitome ; . ; . ; . ~, ~; .
; . ; . ; . ; . ; ASS Ephrm,
Ephrm quidem in Scythiam, Bailei & Ephrm; galesin. Ephram; molan. Ephram; ferrar. Ephram;
actor. Ephrm; menais Ephrm, Ephrm venerandus, Ephrm; ps.-dext. 57 AD comment. 2 Eccleia
Aturicenis, traditione per maiorum manus accept, habet S. Ephrm B. Iacobi dicipulum fuie
uum primum Antititem; 57 AD Ephrem Asturicensis, 60AD Ephrem Aturigenis; . )
() , , ,
. , .

388

 () (. # . )
, . .
(syn. bas. II [ Sa] , ; syn.
I[ S],; syn. II [ Sa] ,
; cod. XI [ N], , [ rubro n]; syn. 1071
[ D], , ; syn. XII , ;
cod. patm. , ; cod. XVI , , ; horolog.;
. , . w, . , ,
. , . w, . w,
, . ; ASS Capitonis, Capitonem; galesin. Charitonis; molan. Charitonis; ferrar. Charitonis; actor. Capitonis; menais Capitonis, Capito maximus, Capiton, Capitonem;
ps.-dext. 37 AD Capito Lucenis, 60 AD Capito Lucenis; . ) ()
(. Capito), : 1) (.
Sinnius Capito), (vir doctissimus) (. 10030), , . , ; 2) (1437); 3) ,
55 . . .; 4) (. 133167); 5)
; 6) ; 7) ; 8) , 380
580 .; 9) 45 (Pape 618).
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: 1) (282300):
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synodi cap 35 sec 7, lin 1); ... (Theodoret h.e. p.33, lin 3);
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1
Mansi J. D. Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collection. Florentiae, MDCCLIX.
S. 572.
2
Concil. Synodus Constantinopolitana et Hierosolymitana anno 536. Concilia Oecumenica
T. 3. . 37. lin. 27.
3
Mansi J. D. Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collection. Florentiae, MDCCLIX. S. 572.
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