Definitions

TSX: The Toronto Stock Exchange has the greatest

number of security listings of any exchange in North
America and has the second-most listings worldwide.

Nasdaq: The
second largest stock exchange in America.

Mutual Funds: An investment vehicle that is

made up of a pool of funds collected from
many investors for the purpose of investing in securities such as stocks, bonds,
money market instruments and similar assets. Mutual
funds are operated by money managers, who invest the
fund's capital and attempt to produce capital gains and
income for the fund's investors.

Bonds: A bond is a debt

investment in which an
investor loans money to an entity which borrows
the funds for a defined period of time at a
variable or fixed interest rate.
Equities: the value of the shares issued by a

company.

Stocks: 2 types of stock: common and preferred. Common

stock usually entitles the owner to vote at shareholders'
meetings and to receive dividends. Preferred stock
generally does not have voting rights, but has a higher
claim on assets and earnings than the common shares.

Ticker Symbol: an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a

particular stock on a particular stock market.

Revenue: The amount of money that a company actually receives during a specific
period, including discounts and deductions for returned merchandise.
Market Cap: the total dollar market value of the shares outstanding of a publicly
traded company; it is equal to the share price
times the number of shares outstanding.

Forex:
market in which currencies are traded.

Trailing EPS:
share for the

The
Shares: A unit of ownership
interest in a corporation or
financial asset.

The sum of a company's earnings per

previous four quarters.

Subprime Loans: A type of loan that is offered at a rate above prime to individuals
who do not qualify for prime rate loans.

Yield: The income return on an

investment. This refers to the interest or
dividends received from a security and is
usually expressed annually as a
percentage based on the investment's
cost, its current market value or its face
value.

TFSA (Canada): an account that provides tax

benefits for saving in Canada. Investment
income, including capital gains and dividends,
earned in a TFSA is not taxed, even when
withdrawn.

Penny Stocks: a common stock valued at less

than one dollar, and therefore highly
speculative.

Buy, Hold, Sell: A passive investment strategy in which an investor buys stocks and
holds them for a long period of time, regardless of fluctuations in the market. An
investor who employs a buy-and-hold strategy actively selects stocks, but once in a
position, is not concerned with short-term price movements and technical
indicators.
Expense: The economic costs that a
business incurs through its operations to
earn revenue.

Assets: A resource with economic value that an

individual, corporation or country owns or controls
with the expectation that it will provide future benefit.
Liabilities: A company's legal debts or
obligations that arise during the course of
business operations. Liabilities are settled
over time through the transfer of economic
benefits including money, goods or services.

Net

Income: A company's total earnings (or

profit). Net income is calculated by
taking revenues and adjusting for the
cost of doing business, depreciation,

interest, taxes and other expenses.

Gross Income: An individual's total personal income before taking taxes or

deductions into account.
Normalised Income: Earnings adjusted for cyclical
ups and downs in the economy.

Dividends: a sum of money paid regularly (typically quarterly) by a company to its

shareholders out of its profits (or reserves).
S&P 500: The S&P 500, or the Standard & Poor's 500, is an American stock market
index based on the market capitalizations of 500 large companies having common
stock listed on the NYSE or NASDAQ.

Buy Back: the buying back of goods by the original

seller.

Short Selling: The sale of a security that is not owned by the seller, or that the seller
has borrowed.
ETFS: a marketable security that tracks
an index, a commodity, bonds, or a
basket of assets like an index fund.

account for holding

investment assets.

Ninja Loans: mortgages where the

borrower did not have to supply
verification of
income, job,
and assets.
RRSP: a type of
Canadian
savings and

Capital Gains: a profit from

sale of property or of

the
an investment.

Moodys Standard and Poors Fitch Group: an American financial services company. It
is a division of McGraw Hill Financial that publishes financial research and analysis
on stocks and bonds. S&P is known for its stock market indices
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4: A three-month period on a financial
calendar that acts as a basis for the reporting
of earnings and the paying of dividends.

P/E: Price-earnings ratio is a

valuation ratio of a company's
current share price compared
to its per-share earnings.
Open: An unexecuted order
that is still valid. An open order
is one that has been placed

either electronically or with a broker and has not been filled due to illiquidity or the
terms of the position not being fulfilled
Close: The end of a trading session in financial markets. "Close" refers to market
close, or the end of the day's trading. It
can also refer to the process of exiting a
trade.

NYSE: A stock exchange based in New York City, which is considered the largest
equities-based exchange in the world based on total market capitalization of its
listed securities.
Volume: The number of shares or
contracts traded in a security or an
entire market during a given period of
time.

The Charts: a graph that shows the highest and lowest price of a company.
52 week range: The lowest and highest prices at
which a stock has traded in the previous 52
weeks.

YTD: (year to date) The period beginning January 1st of the current year up until
today's date.

IPO: (initial public offering) the first sale of stock by a private company to the
public.
Commodity: A basic good used in commerce that is
interchangeable with other commodities of the same
type.

Quarterly reports: A quarterly filing

public companies to report their
performance.

made by

Blue Chip Stocks: Stock of a large, wellestablished and financially sound company
that has operated for many years.

RESP: A savings plan sponsored by the Canadian government that encourages

investing in a child's future post-secondary education.

Share Holder Activist: A person who attempts to use his or her rights as a
shareholder of a publicly-traded corporation to bring about social change.

Opening Bell: A bell that is rung to signify the start of the day's trading session. The
opening bell is both a symbol of the opening of the market for the day and a
physical event involving an individual striking a metal bell. (9:30 am)

Closing bell: A bell that rings to signify the

end of a trading session. The closing bell
occurs at 4:00 pm EST.