CHAPTER-5

CENTRE OF MASS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. A particle of mass 4m which is at rest explodes into three fragments. Two of the fragments each of mass m are
found to move with a speed v each in mutually perpendicular directions. The total energy released in the process
of explosion is .....
(1987; 2M)
2. The magnitude of the force (in newtons) acting on a body varies with time t (in microseconds) as shown in the
fig. AB, BC and CD are straight line segment. The magnitude of the total impulse of the force on the body from
t = 4 s to t = 16 s is ...... N-s
(1994; 2M)
C

Force (N)

800
600
400
200 A
0

B
E
2

6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (s)

TRUE/FALSE
1.

3.

Two particles of mass 1 kg and 3 kg move towards each

other under their mutual force of attraction. No other
force acts on them. When the relative velocity of
approach of the two particles is 2 m/s, their centre of
mass has a velocity of 0.5 m/s. When the relative
velocity of approach becomes 3 m/s, the velociy of the
centre of mass is 0.75 m/s.
(1989; 2M)

A shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity v (m/s)

at an angle with the horizontal direction. At the
highest point in its path it explodes into two pieces of
equal mass. One of the pieces retraces its path to the
cannon and the speed (m/s) of the other piece
immediately after the explosion is :
(1986; 2M)
(a) 3 v cos
(b) 2 v cos
(c)

3
v cos
2

(d)

3
v cos
2

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Only One option is correct :
1. Two particles A and B initially at rest, move towards
each other mutual force of attraction. At the instant
when the speed of A is V and the speed of B is 2V,
the speed of the centre of mass of the system is :
(1982; 2M)
(a) 3V
(b) V
(c) 1.5 V
(d) zero
2.

A ball hits the floor and rebounds after an inelastic

collision. In this case :
(1986; 2M)
(a) the momentum of the ball just after the collision is
the same as that just before the collision.
(b) the mechnical energy of the ball remains the same
in the collision
(c) the total momentum of the ball and the earth is
conserved
(d) the total energy of the ball and the earth is
conserved

4.

An isolated particle of mass m is moving in horizontal

plane (x-y), along the x-axis, at a certain height above
the ground. It suddenly explodes into two fragment of
masses m/4 and 3m/4. An instant later, the smaller
fragment is at y = + 15 cm. The larger fragment at this
instant is at :
(1997 C; 1M)
(a) y = 5 cm
(b) y = + 20 cm
(c) y = + 20 cm
(d) y = 20 cm

5.

Two particles of masses m1 and m2 in projectile motion

r r
have velocities v1 < v2 respectively at time t = 0. They
r
r
collide at time t0 . Their velocities become v 1 and v 2
at time 2t0 while still moving in air. The value of :
r
r
r
r
| ( m1v 1 + m2v 2 ) ( m1v1 + m2v2 ) |
(2001; S)

39

(a) zero

(b) (m1 + m2 )gt0

(c) 2 (m1 + m2 )gt0

(d)

1
(m + m2 )gt0
2 1

6.

Two blocks of masses 10 kg and 4 kg are connected

by a spring of negligible mass and placed on a
frictionless horizontal surface. An impulse gives a
velocity of 14 m/s to the heavier blocks in the direction
of the lighter block. The velocity of the centre of mass
is :
(2002; S)
(a) 30 m/s
(b) 20 m/s
(c) 10 m/s
(d) 5 m/s

constant K. The blocks are initially resting on a smooth

horizontal floor with the spring at its natural length, as
shown in fig. A third identical block C, also of mass m,
moves on the floor with a speed v along the line
joining A and B, and collides elastically with A.
Then :
(1993; 2M)
v
C

7.

8.

A particle moves in the X-Y plane under the influence

of a force such that its linear momentum is
r
p( t) = A[i cos(kt) j sin(kt)], where A and k are
constants. The angle between the force and the
momentum is:
(2007; 3M)
(a) 0
(b) 30
(c) 45
(d) 90
Two small particles of equal
masses start moving in opposite
directions from a point A in a
horizontal circular orbit. Their
tangential velocities are v and 2v,
respectively, as shown in the figure.

Look at the drawing given in the

figure which has been drawn with
ink of uniform line thickness. The
mass of ink used to draw each of
the two inner circles, and each of
the two line segments is m.

a
10

(b)

a
8

(c)

a
12

(d)

a
3

v (m / K )

2v

(d) the maximum compression of the spring is v

2.

m
2K

r
r
Two balls, having linear moments p1 = pi and p 2 = pi ,
undergo a collision in free space. There is no external
r
r
force acting on the balls. Let p'1 and p'2 be their final
momenta. The following option figure (s) is (are) NOT
ALLOWED for any non-zero value of p, a 1 , a 2 , b 1 , b 2 ,
c1 and c2 .
(2008; 4M)
r
r
(a) p'1 = a1 i+ b1 j+ c1 k
p ' 2 = a 2 i + b 2 j

r
(b) p ' 1 = c 1 k
r
(c) p'1 = a1 i+ b1 j+ c1 k

r
(d) p ' 1 = a 1 i + b1 j

r
p ' 2 = b 2 j
r
p' 2 = a2 i+ b2 j c1 k
r
p ' 2 = a 2 i + b1 j

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.

A circular plate of uniform thickness has a diameter of

56 cm. A circular portion of diameter 42 cm is removed
from one edge of the plate as shown in figure. Find the
position of the centre of mass of the remaining
portion.
(1980)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
More than one options are correct?
1.

The mass of the ink used to draw the outer circle is

6m. The coordinates of the centres of the different
parts are: outer circle (0, 0) left inner circle (a, a),
right inner circle (a, a), vertical line (0, 0) and horizontal
line (0, a). The y-coordinate of the centre of mass of
the ink in this drawing is
(2009; M)
(a)

(a) the kinetic energy of the A-B system, at maximum

compression of the spring, is zero
(b) the kinetic energy of the A-B system, at maximum
compression of the spring, is mv 2 /4
(c) the maximum compression of the spring is

Between collisions, the particles move with constant

speeds. After making how many elastic collisions,
other than that at A, these two particles will again
reach the point A?
(2009; M)
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 1
9.

Two blocks A and B each of mass m, are connected by

a massless spring of natural length L and spring

42cm
56 cm

40

2.

3.

A body of mass 1 kg initially at rest, explodes and

breaks into three fragments of masses in the ratio
1 : 1 : 3. The two pieces of equal mass fly-off
perpendicular to each other with a speed of 30 m/s
each. What is the velocity of the heavier fragment?
(1981; 3M)
A
Three particles A, B and C
of equal mass move with
equal speed V along the
medians of an equilateral
triangle as shown in
G
fig.They collide at the
centroid G of the triangle. B

from the ground with a velocity of 49 m/s. At the same

time another identical ball is dropped from a height of
98 m to fall freely along the same path as that followed
by the first ball. After some time the two balls collide
and stick together and finally fall to the ground. Find
the time of flight of the masses.
(1985; 8M)
L

7.

After the collision, A comes to rest, B retraces its

path with the speed V. What is the velocity of C?
(1982; 2M)
4.

A block of mass M with a semicircular track of radius

R, rests on a horizontal frictionless surface. A uniform
cylinder of radius r and mass m is released from rest
at the top point A (see Fig.). The cylinder slips on the
semicircular frictionless track. How far has the block
moved when the cylinder reaches the bottom (point B)
of the track? How fast is the block moving when he
cylinder reaches the bottom of the track?(1983; 7M)

2
. What is the minimum number of collisions after
5
which the amplitude of oscillations becomes less than
60 degrees?
(1987; 7M)
8.

An object of mass 5 kg is projected with a velocity of

20 m/s at an angle of 60 to the horizontal. At the
highest point of its path the projectile explodes and
breaks up into two fragments of masses 1 kg and 4 kg.
The fragments separate horizontally after the explosion.
The explosion released internal energy such that the
kinetic energy of the system at the highest point is
doubled. Calculate the separation between the two
fragments when they reach the ground.
(1990; 8M)

9.

A block A of mass 2m is placed on another block B of

mass 4m which in turn is placed on a fixed table. The
two blocks have a same length 4d and they are placed
as shown in figure. The coefficient of friction (both
static and kinetic) between the block B and table is .
There is no friction between the two blocks. A small
object of mass m moving horizontally along a line
passing through the centre of mass (CM) of the block
B and perpendicular to its face with a speed v collides
elastically with the block B at a height d above the
table.
(1991; 4+4M)

r
R

M
B

5.

Two bodies A and B of masses m and 2m respectively

are placed on a smooth floor. They are connected by
a spring. A third body C of mass m moves with
velocity v0 along the line joining A and B and collides
elastically with A as shown in Fig. At a certain instant
of time t0 after collision, it is found that the
instantaneous velocities of A and B are the same.
Further at this instant the compression of the spring
is found to be x0 . Determine (i) the common velocity
of A and B at time t0 and (ii) the spring contant.
(1984; 6M)
C

A simple pendulum is
suspended from a peg on
a vertical wall. The
pendulum is pulled away
from the wall to a
horizontal position See
figure and released. The
ball hits the wall, the coefficient of restitution being

A
B

4m
2d

d
P

6.

2m

A ball of mass 100 g is projected vertically upwards

41

4d

(a) What is the minimum value of v (call it v0) required

to make the block A topple?
(b) If v = 2 v0 find the distance (from the point P in
the figure) at which the mass m falls on the table
after collision (Ignore the role of friction during
the collision).
[1991; 4+4M]
10. A uniform thin rod of mass M and length L is standing
vertically along the y-axis on a smooth horizontal
surface, with its lower end at the origin (0, 0). A slight
disturbance at r = 0 causes the lower end to slip on
the smooth surface along the positive x-axis, and the
rod starts falling.
(1993; 1+ 5M)
(i) What is the path followed by the centre of mass
of the rod during its fall?
(ii) Find the equation of the trajectory of a point on
the rod located at a distance r from the lower end.
What is the shape of the path of this point?
11. A small sphere of radius R is held against the inner
surface of a larger sphere of radius 6R. The masses of
larger and small spheres are 4M and M respectively.
This arrangement is placed on a horizontal table. There
is no friction between any surfaces of contact. The
small sphere is now released. Find the co-ordinates of
the centre of the larger sphere when the small sphere
reaches the other extreme position.
(1996; 3M)

r
(a) Find the force F and also the normal force exerted
by the table on the wedge during the time t.
(b) Let h denote the perpendicular distance between
the centre of mass of the wedge and the line of
action of F. Find the magnitude of the torque due
r
to the normal force N about the centre of the
wedge during the interval t.
2
13. A cylindricalsolidofmass1
0kg and cross sectional
area 104 m2 is moving parallel to its axis (the x-axis)
with a uniform speed of 103 m/s in the positive direction.
At t = 0, its front face passes the plane x = 0. The
region to the right of this plane is filled with stationary
dust particle of uniform density 103 kg/m3 . When a
dust particles collides with the face of the cylinder, it
sticks to its surface. Assuming that the dimensions of
the cylinder remains practically unchanged and that
the dust sticks only to the front face of the xcoordinates of the front of the cylinder find the xcoordinate of the front of the cylinder at t = 150 s.
(1998; 5M)

14. Two blocks of mass 2 kg and M are at rest on an

inclined plane and are separated by a distance of 6.0
m as shown. The coefficient of friction between each
block and the inclined plane is 0.25. The 2 kg block is
given a velocity of 10.0 m/s up the inclined plane. It
collides with M, comes back and has a velocity of 1.0
m/s when it reaches its initial position. The other block
M after the collision moves 0.5 m up and comes to rest.
Calculate the coefficient of restitution between the
blocks and the mass of the block M. (1999; 10M)
[Take sin tan = 0.05 and g = 10 m/s 2 ]
M
m
6.0

12. A wedge of mass m and triangular cross-section

(AB = BC =CA =2R) is moving with a constant velocity
vi towards a sphere of radius R fixed on a smooth
horizontal table as shown in the figure. The wedge
makes an elastic collision with the fixed sphere and
returns along the same path without any rotation.
Neglect all friction and suppose that the wedge remains
in contact with the sphere for a very short time t
r
during which the sphere exerts a constant force F on
the wedge.
(1998; 8M)
z

A
R

2kg

15. A car P is moving with a uniform speed of 5 3 m/s

towards a carriage of mass 9 kg at rest kept on the rails
at a point B as shown in figure. The height AC is 120
m. Cannon balls of 1 kg are fired from the car with an
initial velocity 100 m/s at an angle 30 with the
horizontal. The first cannon balls hits the stationary
carriage after a time t0 and sticks to it. Determine t0 .
At t0 , the second cannon ball is fired. Assume that the
resistive force between the rails and the carriage is
constant and ignore the vertical motion of the carriage
throughout. If the second ball also hits and sticks to
the carriage, what will be the horizontal velocity of the
carriage just after the second impact? (2001; 10M)
42

It is given n = 100, M = 3 kg, m = 0.01kg;

b = 2m; a = 1m; g = 10 m/s 2 .
(2006; 6M)
19. Two towers AB and CD are situated a distance d apart as
shown in figure. AB is 20 m high and CD is 30 m high from
the ground. An object of mass m is thrown from the top
of AB horizontally with a velocity of 10m/s towards CD.

2m

60

16. A particle of mass m, moving in a circular path of

radius R with a constant speed v2 is located at point
(2R, 0) at time t = 0 and a man starts moving with a
velocity v1 along the positive y-axis from origin at time
t = 0. Calculate the linear momentum of the particle
w.r.t. man as a function of time.
(2003; 2M)

v2

v1

Simultaneously another object of mass 2m is thrown

from the top of CD at an angle of 60 to the horizontal
towards AB with the same magnitude of initial velocity
as that of the first object. The two objects move in the
same vertical plane, collide in mid air and stick to each
other.
(1994; 6M)
(i) Calculate the distance d between the towers.
(ii) Find the position where the object hit the ground.

R
(0,0)

17. Two point masses m1 and m2 are connected by a 20. Three objects A, B and C are kept in a straight line on
spring of natural length l0 . The spring is compressed
a frictionless horizontal surface. These have masses m,
such that the two point masses touch each other and
2m and m, respectively. The object A moves towards
then they are fastened by a string. Then the system is
B with a speed 9 m/s and makes an elastic collision
moved with a velocity v0 along positive x-axis. When
with it. Thereafter, B makes completely inelastic collision
the system reaches the origin the string breaks (t = 0).
with C. All motions occur on the same straight line.
The position of the point mass m1 is given by x1 = v0
Find the final speed (in m/s) of the object C.
t A (1 cos t) where A and are constants. Find
the position of the second block as a function of time.
m
2m
m
Also find the relation between A and l0 . (2003; 4M)
18. There is a rectangular plate of mass M kg of dimensions
(a b). The plate is held in horizontal position by
striking n small balls each of mass m per unit area per
unit time. These are striking in the shaded all region of
the plate. The balls are colliding elastically with velocity
v. What is v?

ASSERATION AND REASON

1.

43

This question contains, statement I (assertion) and

statement II (reasons).
Statement-I : In an elastic collision between two bodies
the relative speed of the bodies after collision is equal
to the relative speed before the collison.
(2007; 3M)
Because :
Statement-II : In an elastic collision, the linear
momentum of the system is conserved.
(a) Statement-I is true, statement -II is true, statementII is a correct explanation for statement-I.
(b) statement-I is true, statement-II is true; statementII is NOT a correct explanaion for statement-I.
(c) statement-I is true, statement-II is false.
(d) statement-I is false, statement-II is true.

2. Statement-I : If there is no external torque on a body

about its centre of mass, then the velocity of the centre
of mass remains constant.
(2007; 3M)
Because :
Statement-II : The linear momentum of an isolated
system remains constant.
(a) Statement-I is true, statement -II is true, statementII is a correct explanation for statement-I
(b) statement-I is true, statement-II is true; statementII is NOT a correct explanaion for statement-I
(c) statement-I is true, statement-II is false.
(d) statement-I is false, statement-II is true.

1.

2.

PASSAGE BASED PORBLEM

Passage

3.

A small block of mass M moves on a frictionless

surface of an inclined plane, as shown in figure. The
angle of the incline suddenly changes from 60 at point
B. the block is initially at rest at A. Assume that
collisions between the block and the incline are totally
inelastic (g = 10 m/s 2 )

The speed of the block at point B immediately after it

strikes the second incline is
(2008; 4M)
(a)

60 m/s

(b)

45 m/s

(c)

30 m/s

(d)

15 m/s

The speed of the block at point C immediately before

it leaves the second incline is
(2008; 4M)
(a)

120 m/s

(b)

105 m/s

(c)

90 m/s

(d)

75 m/s

If collision between the block and the incline is

completely elastic, then the vertical (upward) component
of the velocity of the block at point B, immediately
after it strikes the second incline is
(2008; 4M)
(a)

30 m/s

(c) zero
A

(b)

15 m/s

(d)

75 m/s

v
60

30
3m

3 3m

ANSWERS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.

3 2
mv
2

2. 5 103 N-s

TRUE/FALSE
1. F

OBJECTIVE QUESTION (ONLY ONE OPTION)

1. (d)
8. (c)

2. (c)
9. (a)

3.

(a)

4. (a)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (MORE THAN ONE OPTION)

1. (b, d)

2. (a), (d)

44

5. (c)

6. (c)

7. (d)

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.
3.
4.

9.

9 cm from centre of bigger circle (leftwards)

2. 10 2 m/s at 45
Velocity of C is V in a direction opposite to velocity of B.

2mV02
V0
5. (i)
(ii)
3
3x02

m( R r )
2 g (R r )
,m
M +m
M ( M + m)
5
6gd (b) 6d 3
4

(a)

10. (i) Straight line (ii)

6. 6.53 s

13. 105 m

16. mv2 sin

2mv

( 3i k ),
+ mg k
3t
3 t

14. e = 0.84 M, = 15 kg
15. 12s, 15.75 m/s

4mv

12. (a)

v2
v

t i + m v2 cos 2 t v1 j
R
R

8. 44.25 m

x2
y2
+
= 1 , ellipse
L
r2
r
2

2mv

11. (L + 2R, 0)

7. 4

17. x2 = v0t +

(b)

3t

m1
A(1 cos ? t ), l0 = 1 + 1 A
m2
m
2

18. 10 m/s

ASSERATION AND REASON

1. (b)

2.(d)

PASSAGE BASED PROBLEM

1.

(b)

2. (b)

3. (c)

SOLUTIONS
v
= mv2 + m

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1.

From conservation of linear momentum magnitude of

r
r
P3 should be 2mv in a direction opposite of P12
r
r
(resultant of P1 and P2 ).

Speed of particle of mass 2m ( v) =

P=mv
2

P3
v
=
2m
2

=
2.

3 2
mv
2

Impulse = Fdt = area under F-t graph

Total impulse from t = 4 s to t = 16 s
= Area EBCD
= Area of trapezium EBCF +Area of triangle FCD

P12 = 2 mv

1
1
(200 + 800)2 106 + 800 10 10 6
2
2
= 5 103 N-s
=

P1= mv
P3

Total energy released is,

1
1
E = 2 mv 2 + ( 2m ) v'2
2
2

TRUE FALSE
1.

Since, net force on the system is zero. Velocity of

centre of mass will remain constant.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (ONLY ONE OPTION)

r
1. Net force on system is zero. So VCOM = 0 and
45

because initially centre of mass is at rest. Therefore,

centre of mass always remains at rest.

(d)
2.

3.

4.

In an inelastic collision only momentum of the system

remain conserved. Some energy is always lost in the
form of heat, sound etc.

(c)

yCM

meet m2 at A(at =

9.

8.

(c)

ycm =

6m( 0) + m ( a) + m( a) + m (0) + m( a) a
=
6m + m + m + m + m
10

( a, a ) (a , a )

(0, 0)
(0, a)

r
r
vCM = m1v1 + m2v2
m1 + m2

10 14 + 4 0 10 14
=
= 10 m/s
10 + 14
14

(a)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (MORE THAN ONE OPTION)

v2 = 0
B

1.

m2 = 4kg

r
r dP
F=
= kAsin(kt)i kA cos(kt) j
dt
r
P = A cos(kt) i A sin(kt) j
r r
Since, F .P = 0
r
r

Angle between F and P should be 90.

(c)

After collisions between C and A, C stops while A

moves with speed of C i.e. v [in-head on elastic
collision, two equal masses exchange their velocities].
At maximum compression, A and B will move with
same speed v/2 (from conservation of linear momentum).
Let x be the maximum compression in this position.

KE of A-B system at maximum compression

1
v
(2m )
2
2

or,
Kmax = mv 2 /4
From conservation fo mechanical energy in two
positions shown in figure.

Let first collision be at an angle ,

2
anticlockwise from OC)
3

v1 =14m/s

7.

2
anticlockwise from OB)
3

Now, again m1 will move back with speed v and

= 2 (m1 + m2 ) gt 0

(c)

m 1 = 10kg

(again at =

y2 = 5cm
(a)
r
r
r
r
| ( m1v 1 + m2v 2) (m1v1 + m2v2 ) |

After first collision at B, m2 will move back with

speed v and make collision with m1 at C.

= | m1 (v1 2gt0 ) + m2 ( v2 2 gt0 ) m1v1 m2 v2 |

6.

or

5.

2v

Before explosion, particle was moving along x-axis i.e.,

it has no y-component of velocity. Therefore, the
centre of mass will not move in y-direction or we can
say yCM = 0.
Now,

m1 A
m2

Let v' be the velocity of second fragment. From

conservation of linear momentum,
2m (v cos ) = mv' m (v cos)

v'= 3 v cos

(a)

m
3m
15 +
y2
m1 y1 + m2 y2
4
=
0= 4
m1 + m2
m

2
= 120
3

or,

r (2 ) r
=
v
2v

1 2 1
1
mv = mv 2 + kx2
2
4
2
1 2 1
kx = mv 2
2
4

2 = 2
46

2.

move along horizontal we should have

Mx = m (R r x)

m
x =v
2k
(b, d)

m(R r)
M+m
(ii) Let V1 be the speed of m towards right and v2 the
speed of M towards left. From conservation fo linear
momentum.
mv 1 = Mv2
...(1)
From conservation of mechanical energy
x=

r r
Initial momentum of the system p1 + p2 = 0
r r

Final momentum p'1 + p' 2 = 0 should also be zero.

Option (b) is allowed because if we put c1 = c2 0
r
r
p ' 1 + p ' 2 will be zero. Similary, we can check other

1 2 1
mv1 + Mv22
2
2
Solving these two equations, we get
mg (R r) =

options.

correct options are (a) and (d).

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.

r
Rcom =

( 42)

v2 = m

[(56)2 (42) 2 ]

7 ( i)
5.

= 9 cm
2.

uur
From conservation of linear momentum P3 should be
uuur
uur
uur
equal and opposite to P12 (resultant of P1 and P2 ).
So, let v' be velocity of third fragment, then
(3m)v' =

...(2)

2 g( R r )
M ( M + m)

(i) Collision between A and C is elastic and mass of

both the blocks is same. Therefore, they will exchange
their velocities i.e., C will come to rest and A will be
moving will velocity vo . Let V be the common velocity
of A and B, then from conservation of linear momentum,
we have
At rest

2mv
v0

v' =

2
v
3

v0
A

(a)

(b)
C

45
45

P1 = mv

P3

or

mA v0 = (mA + mB ) V
mv 0 = (m + 2m) V

or

V=

v0
3

1
1
2 1
m Av0 = (m A + mB )V 2 + kx02
2
2
2

2
30
3

= 10 2 m/s
This velocity is at 45 as shown in figure.

4.

(ii) Further, from conservation of energy we have,

Here, v =30 m/s (given)

3.

A
(c)

P2=mv

v' =

P12 = 2 mv

Before collision net momentum of the system was zero.

No external force is acting on the system. Hence
momentum after collision should also be zero. A has
come to rest. Therefore B and C should have equal
and opposite momentum or velocity of C should be V
in opposite direction of velocity of B.

6.

or

1 2
1
V0
2 1
mv0 = (3m) + kx0
2
2
2
3

or

1 2 1
2
kx0 = mv 0
3
2

or

k=

For collision of both the balls,

49 t

(i) The centre of mass of M + m in this case will not

move in horizontal direction. For centre of mass not to
47

2mv 20
3x 02

1
1
9. 8t 2 = 98 9. 8t 2
2
2

t = 2 sec., At this instant height from ground

1
2
= 49 t 9. 8t = 78. 4 m
2
and using conservation of linear momentum, we get,
m1v1 m2v 2 = 2mv ,

S = ut +

1 2
at
2

8.

78. 4 = 4.9t 4.9t 2

t = 4.53 sec.
Total time of flight = 4.53 + 2 = 6.53 sec.
7.

As shown in figure initially when the bob is at A, its

potential energy is mgl. When the bob is released it
strikes the wall at B. If v be the velocity with which the
bob strikes the wall, then
l

n > 3 (here n is an integer)

Let v1 and v2 be the velocities after explosion in the

directions shown in figure. From conservation of linear
momentum, we have
5 (20 cos 60) = 4v1 1 v2
or
4v1 v2 = 50
...(1)
Further it is given that, kinetic energy after explosion
becomes two times. Therefore,

or

1 2
mv or v = 2 gl
...(1)
2
Speed of the bob after rebounding (first time)
mgl =

Here, t =

..(2)

The speed after second rebound is

v2 = e2 (2 gl)

9.

In general after n rebounds, the speed of the bob is

vn = en (2 gl)
..(3)
Let the bob rises to a height h after n rebounds.
Applying the law of conservation of energy, we have

vn2 e 2n .2 gl
2n
h = 2g = 2g = e .l

2
h=

at

? = 60 ,

u sin 20sin60
T
=
=
= 1.77 s
g
9.8
2

x = 25 1.77 = 44.25 m

If v1 and v2 are the velocities of object of mass m and

block of mass 4m, just after collision then by
conservation of momentum,
mv = mv 1 + 4mv 2 , i.e. v = v1 + 4v2
...(1)
Further, as collision is elastic

v2 = 0 or v2 =
Therefore,

4
.l = l
5

...(2)

1 2 1
1
mv = mv12 + 4mv22 , i.e. v 2 = v12 + 4v22 ...(2)
2
2
2
Solving, these two equations we get either

1 2
mvn = mgh
2
or

4v12 + v22 =1000

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2), we have

v1 = 15 m/s, v2 = 10 m/s
or
v1 = 5 m/s and v2 = 30 m/s
In both the cases relative velocity of separation in
horizontal direction is 25 m/s.

x = 25t = distance between them when they

strike the ground

v1 = e 2 gl

1
2
= 2 5 (20cos60)
2

h = l(1 cos 60 ) =

2n

or

l
1
4
4
l < <
2
2
5
5

1
1
4 v12 + 1 v22
2
2

Similarly,

? < 60 h <
n

Solving this, we get v = 4 . 9 m/sec

l
2

...(4)

2
v
5

v2 = 2 v
5

Substituing in Eq. (1) v1 = 3 v

5

l
2

when v2 = 0, v1 = v, but it is physically unacceptable.

(a) Now, after collision the block B will start moving
with velociy v2 to the right. Since, there is no friction
48

Therefore, CM will fall vertically downwards towards

negative y-axis i.e. the path of CM is a straight line.
(ii) Refer figure (b). We have to find the trajectory of
a point P (x, y) at a distance r from end B.
CB = L/2, OB = (L/2) cos , MB = r cos

x = OB MB = cos {(L/2 r)}

between blocks A and B the upper block A wil stay at

its positions and will topple if B moves a distance s
such that
s > 2d
...(3)
However, the motion of B is retarded by frictional force
f = (4m + 2m)g between table and its lower surface.
So, the distance moved by B till it stops

6mg
0 = 2
s i.e., s =
3g
4m
Substituting this value of s in Eq. (3), we find that for
toppling of A
v22

v22 > 6gd

y
...(2)
r
Squaring and adding Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
or,

sin +

5
6gd
2
or,

speed.

2d
g

cos2

x2
=

{( L /2) 2 r 2 }

y2
r2

x2
y2
+
=1
{( L / 2) r }2 r 2

...(3)

This is an equation of an ellipse. Hence, path of point

P is an ellipse whose equation is given by (3).

3
v1 = v = 3 6 gd
5
and as time taken by it to fall down

2h
=
g

sin =

(b) if v = 2v0 = 5 6gd , the object will rebound with

t=

...(1)

Similarly, y = r sin

2
v > 6gd v > 5 6gd
5
2

v min = v 0 =

or

x
{( L / R) r}

cos =

or

v22

[as h = d]

11. Since, all the surfaces are smooth, no external force is

acting on the system in horizontal direction. Therefore,
the centre of mass of the system in horizontal direction
remains stationary.

The horizontal distance moved by it to the left of P in

this time

y
CC
1 2= 5R (in both cases)

x = v1t = 6d 3
Note :
(a) Toppling will take place if line of action of weight does
not pass through the base area in contact.
(b) v1 and v2 can obtained by using the equations of head
on elastic collision
r
r
r
v1 = 2v cm u1
r
r
r
v 2 = 2vcm u 2

c1
(L,0)

x1 =

y
(a)

x
(x,0)

(L + 5R,0)

Final

m1 x1 + m2 x2
m1 + m2

( 4M )( L ) + M ( L + 5 R)
= (L + R )
...(1)
4M + M
Let (x, 0) be the coordinates of the centre of large
sphere in final position. Then, x-coordinate of CM
finally will be
=

( 4M )( x) + M ( x 5R)
= ( x R) ...(2)
4M + M
Equating Eqs. (1) and (2), we have x = L + 2R
Therefore, coordinates of large sphere, when the
smaller sphere reaches the other extreme position, are
(L + 2R, 0)
x1 =

(O, L/2 sin )

c1

x- coordinate of CM initially will be given by

P (x, y)
B

c2

c 2 = (x 5R, 0)

Initial

10. (i) Since, only two forces are acting on the rod, its
weight Mg (vertically downwards) and a normal
reaction N at point of contact B (vertically upwards).
No horizontal force is acting on the rod (surface is
smooth).
A

c2

x
(b)

49

12. (a) (i) Since, the collision is elastic and sphere is fixed,

Magnitude of torque of N about CM = magnitude of

torque of F about CM
= F.h

the wedge will return with velocity of vi

z

v i

+v i

Fixed

4mv
r
h
| t N |=

3 t
13. Given : m0 = 102 kg, A = 104 m2, v0 = 103 m/s

m0

vo

F sin 30

Now, linear impulse in x-direction

= change in momentum in x-direction.

(F cos 30)t=mv ( mv) = 2mv

F=
F=

or

x=0
At t = 0

At t = t

dust = = 10 3 kg/m3
m = m0 + mass of dust collected so far
= m0 + Ax dust
or m = m0 + Ax

4mv
2mv
=
t cos30
3t

and

4mv

3t
r
F = F cos 30i ( F sin 30 ) k

The linear momentum at t = 0 is

P0 = m0v0
and momentum at t = t is
Pt = mv = (m0 + Ax )v
From law of conservation of momentum
P0 = Pt

r 2mv 2mv
k
F =
i

t 3t

(ii) Taking the equilibrium of wedge in vertical

N

C
mg

m0v0 = (m0 + Ax ) v (but v =

m0v0 = (m0 + Ax =)

or

(m0 + A x)dx = m0v0 dt

2

or

F sin 30

z- direction during collision.

N = mg + F sin 30
N = mg +

dx
dt

150

(m0 + A x)dx =

m0v0dt

2mv
3t

r
2mv
k
N = mg +

3 t

(b) For rotational equilibrium of wedge [about (CM)]

N

C
mg

x2
150
m0 x + A? = [m0v0t ]0
2

x2
= 150 m0v0
2
Solving this quadratic equation and substituting the
values of m0, A, and v0, we get, x = 105m.

or in vector form

dx
)
dt

Hence, m0 x + A

14. Let v1 = velocity of block 2 kg just before collision.

v2 = velocity of block 2 kg just after collision.
and v3 = velocity of block M just after collision.
Applying work energy theorem,
(change in kinetic energy = work done by all the forces
at different stages as shown in figure.

50

v1

V1

M
/s
m
10
h1= 6 sin

0.5
V3

2kg

2kg

Figure I.
For 2 kg block between starting point and the moment
just before collision
KE = Wfriction + Wgravity

h=
2 0.5 sin

(i) Coefficient of restitution (e)

Relativevelocityof separation
= Relativevelocityof approach

1
m{v12 (10)2} = 6mg cos 6mg sin
2

Given, = 0.25, sin ? tan ? = 0. 05,

v2 + v3
v1

5 + 1.73
= 0.84
8
or
e = 0.84
(ii) Applying conservation of linear momentum before
and after collision
2v1 = Mv3 2v2
=

cos ? 1

v12 100 = 2[ 6 0. 25 10 1 + 6 10 0.05]

v12 = 100 36 = 64

v1 = 8 m/s

Figure 2.
For 2 kg block, just after collision and at the initial
point
KE = Wfriction + Wgravity

M=

2(v1 + v2 ) 2(8 + 5)
26
=
=
v3
1.73
1.73

M 15 kg
15. (i) Velocity of the ball relative to ground = 100 m/s
y (vertical)

uy
u = 100m/s

1m/s

v2
30

v = 5 3m/s

1
m[(1) 2 v22 )] = 6mg cos ? + 6mg sin ?
2
or

1 v22 = 24

v 22 = 25, or

y (horizontal)
ax = 0 and
2
a y= g = 10 m/s
C
120m
A

Horizontal component of its velocity.

v2 = 5 m/s

u x =u cos 30 = 50 3 m/s
and vertical component of its velocity,
u y = u sin 30 = 50 m/s
Vertical displacement of the ball when it strikes the
carriage is 120 m or

Figure. 3.
For block M, Just after collision and at the point of
stop,
KE = Wfriction + Wgravity

1
1
2
2
S y = u y t + a y t 120 = (50 t) + (10) t
2
2

1
M [ 0 v32 ] = (0.5)()( M ) g cos ? 0.5Mg sin ?
2

t2 10t 24 = 0

t = 12 s
or 2 s
Ignoring the negative time, we have

t0 = 12 s

v32 = ( 0. 5 0. 25 10 1) + 0.5 10 0. 05
v32 = 2 1.5 = 3
v3 = 1. 75 m/s

ux

(ii) When it strikes the carriage, its horizontal component

of velocity is still 50 3 m/s. It stickes to the carriage.
51

Let V2 be the velocity of (carriage + ball) system after

collision. Then, applying conservation of linear
momentum in horizontal direction :

or

and

1 50 3 = (1 + 9)V2

r
v
v

v p = v2 sin 2 ti + v2 cos 2 tj
R
R

r
v m = v1 j

Linear momentum of particle w.r.t man as a

function of time is
r
r r
p pm = m( v p vm )

V2 = 5 3 m/s
The second ball is fired when the first ball strikes the
carriage i.e. after 12 s. In these 12 s the car will move
forward a distance of 12V1 or 60 3 m.
The second ball also takes 12 s to travel a vertical
displacement of 120 m. This ball will strike the
carriage only when the carriage also covers the same

v
v

= m v 2 sin 2 t i + v 2 cos 2 t v1 j
R
R

distance of 60 3 m in these 12s. This is possible only 17. (i)

when resistive forces are zero because velocity of car
(V1) = Velocity of carriage after first collision (V2) =

x1 = v0 t A (1 cos t)

5 3 m/s.
Hence, at the time of second collision :
Let V be the by velocity of carriage after second
collision. Conservation of linear momentum in horizontal
direction gives

(As there is no external force, so COM will move

with constant velocity v0)

1kg

5 3m/s

Before collision

m
x2 = v0t + 1 A(1cos t )
m2

(ii)

a1 =

100 3
m/s or V = 15.75 m/s
11

or,

16. Angular speed of particle about centre of the circle

= 2 A cos t

v2

p
b

= n a (2mv)
t
2

Equating the torque about hinge side, we have,

18. F =

v1

(0, 0)

t=0

b
3b
b

n a (2mv)
= Mg
2
4
2

Substituting the given values we get,

v = 10 m/s

r
v p = ( v2 sin ?i + v 2 cos ?j)

m1

+ 1 A (1 - cos t), (cos t = 0)

l0 =
m2

l 0 = 1 + 1 A
m2

Thus, the relation between l0 and A is,

v
= t = 2 t
R

v2

d 2 x1

m1
x2 x1 = m A (1 cos t) + A (1 cos t)
2

11 V = (1) (50 3 ) + (10) (5 3 ) = 100 3

v
= 2 ,
R

m1 x1 + m2 x 2
= v0 t
m1 + m2

dt
The separation x2 x1 between the two blocks will be
equal to l0 and a 1 = 0 or cos t = 0

x = 50 3 m/s

V =

xCM =

19. Acceleration of A and C both is 9.8 m/s 2 downwards

52

d 2 = (d d 1)
= (17.32 11.55)m = 5.77 m
Therefore, position from B is d 1 i.e., 11.55 m and from
D is d 2 or 5.77 m.

C
60

C
=V

X
10m

VC

V CA

vA

20. Let after collision velocity of block A and B be vA and

vB respectively.
r
r
r
v B = (1 + e)vCOM euB

E 30m

9m
= (1 + 1)
0 = 6 m/sec
3m
r
r
r
vC = (1+ e) vCOM euC

20m

2m 6
= (1)
0 = 4 m/sec
3m
D

ASSERATION AND REASON

Let A be the origin, so

1.

1
1
y1 = gt 2 & y2 10 = 5 3t gt 2
2
2
For collision y1 = y2

10 = 5 3t
t=

2
3

sec

d = 10t + 5t =

30

= 17 .32 m
3
Horizontal (or x) component of initial linear momentum
of projectile m and 2m,
PAx + PCx = mv A 2m ( vC cos 60 ) = 0
i.e., x-component of momentum of combined mass after
collision will also be zero i.e., the combined mass will
have momentum or velocity in vertical or y-direction
only.

In case of elastic collision, coefficient of restitution e = 1.

or relative speed of approach
= relative speed of separation.

(b)

2. If a force is applied at centre of

F
mass of a rigid body, its torque
aboutcentreofmasswillbezero
butaccelerationwillbenon-zero.
Hence, velocity will change.

(d)

PASSAGE BASED PROBLEM

1.

Between A and B, height fallen by block

h1 = 3 tan 60 = 3 m

v1 = 2 gh1 = 2 10 3 = 60 ms 1

vcx= vcos60
c
C
V0 60
A

vax= vA
P

t=

2
s
3

F
d1

In perfectly inelastic collision, component of v 1

perpendicular to BC will become zero, while component
of v1 parallel to BC will remain unchanged.

speed of block B immediately after it strikes the

second incline is,
v2 = component of v1 along BC

D
d2

Hence, the combined mass will fall at point F just

below the point of collision P.
Here,

d 1 = VAxt = (10)

3
1

= v1 cos 30 = ( 60 ) 2 = ( 45 ) ms

2
3

= 11.55 m
53


2.

correct option is (b).

Height fallen by the block from B to C

h2 = 3 3 tan30 = 3m
Let v3 be the speed of block, at point C, just before it
leaves the second incline, then :
h3 =

3.

v 22 + 2 gh

= 45+ 23 = 105 ms1

correct option is (b).

In elastic collistion, component of v1 parallel to BC will

remain unchanged, while component perpendicular to
BC will remain unchanged in magnitude but its direction
will be reversed.

v11 = v1 cos 30 = ( 60 ) 2 =

45 ms 1

1
1
= 15 ms
2

= v1 sin 30 = ( 60 )

Now vertical component of velocity of block :

v = v cos 30 v11 cos 60 = 0

(c)

54