FACULTAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERA - Carrera de Ingeniera Elctrica e Ingeniera Electrnica - U.N.E.E.T.E.

- Centro de Estudiantes Gestin 2013-2015

Frmulas de
Clculo Diferencial
e Integral

( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b 2 ) = a 3 + b3
( a + b ) ( a3 a 2 b + ab 2 b3 ) = a 4 b 4
( a + b ) ( a 4 a 3b + a 2 b 2 ab3 + b 4 ) = a 5 + b5
( a + b ) ( a5 a 4 b + a 3b 2 a 2 b3 + ab 4 b5 ) = a 6 b 6

( a + b ) ( 1)
k =1

1. VALOR ABSOLUTO

a = a

a1 + a2 +

a a y a a
a 0 y a =0 a=0
n

k =1

a+b a + b

k =1

(a b)

=a
p

(a

k =1

k =1

(a
k =1

= c ak
n

k =1

k =1

+ bk ) = ak + bk

= a b

a = a
3. LOGARITMOS
log a N = x a x = N

M
= log a M log a N
N
r
log a N = r log a N
log b N ln N
log a N =
=
log b a ln a

1+ 3 + 5 +

( a + b ) ( a b ) = a 2 b2
2
( a + b ) ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2
( a b ) ( a b ) = ( a b ) = a 2 2ab + b 2
( x + b ) ( x + d ) = x 2 + ( b + d ) x + bd
( ax + b ) ( cx + d ) = acx 2 + ( ad + bc ) x + bd
( a + b ) ( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd
3
( a + b ) = a3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b3
3
( a b ) = a 3 3a 2b + 3ab 2 b3
2
( a + b + c ) = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 ) = a 3 b3
( a b ) ( a 3 + a 2 b + ab 2 + b3 ) = a 4 b 4
( a b ) ( a 4 + a 3b + a 2 b 2 + ab3 + b 4 ) = a 5 b5

cos ( + n ) = ( 1) cos
n

tg ( + n ) = tg

cos ( n ) = ( 1)

sen x
cos x
tg x
-6

-4

-2

+ xk ) =
n

6. CONSTANTES
= 3.14159265359

e = 2.71828182846
7. TRIGONOMETRA
1
CO
sen =
csc =
sen
HIP
1
CA
cos =
sec =
cos
HIP
sen CO
1
=
tg =
ctg =
cos CA
tg

-1
-1.5
csc x
sec x
ctg x

-2
-2.5
-8

-6

-4

-2

Grfica 3. Las funciones trigonomtricas inversas

arcsin x , arccos x , arctg x :
4

{0} , 1 1,

sech :

0 ,1]

csch :

{0}

radianes=180
-1

arc sen x
arc cos x
arc tg x
-2

-1

{0}

Grfica 5. Las funciones hiperblicas sinh x ,

cosh x , tgh x :
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2

cos ( ) = cos cos sin sin

tg tg
1 tg tg
sin 2 = 2sin cos
tg ( ) =

cos 2 = cos sin

2 tg
tg 2 =
1 tg 2
1
sin 2 = (1 cos 2 )
2
1
cos 2 = (1 + cos 2 )
2
1 cos 2
tg 2 =
1 + cos 2
2

-2
-3

ctgh :

[1,
1,1

sin ( ) = sin cos cos sin

8

n
2n + 1
= ( 1)
sin
2

2n + 1
=0
cos
2

sin = cos
2

cos = sin +
2

0.5

xknk

tgh :

2n + 1
=
tg
2

2
1.5

n!
x1n1 x2n2
n1 ! n2 ! nk !

cosh :

tg ( n ) = 0
8

-0.5

( x1 + x2 +

sinh :

sin ( n ) = 0

2.5

n
n!
, kn
=
k ( n k ) !k !
n
n
n
( x + y ) = x n k y k
k =0 k

cos ( + ) = cos
tg ( + ) = tg

Grfica 2. Las funciones trigonomtricas csc x ,

sec x , ctg x :

k =1

sin ( + ) = sin

sin ( + n ) = ( 1) sin

-1.5

ex e x
2
e x + e x
cosh x =
2
sinh x e x e x
=
tgh x =
cosh x e x + e x
e x + e x
1
=
ctgh x =
tgh x e x e x
1
2
=
sech x =
cosh x e x + e x
1
2
=
csch x =
sinh x e x e x
sinh x =

tg ( + 2 ) = tg

-1

1
cos ( ) + cos ( + )
2

tg + tg
ctg + ctg
9. FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS

cos ( + 2 ) = cos

1
sin ( ) + sin ( + )
2
1
sin sin = cos ( ) cos ( + )
2
sin cos =

tg tg =

tg ( ) = tg

-0.5

sin ( )
cos cos

cos cos =

sin ( + 2 ) = sin

0.5

n! = k

4. ALGUNOS PRODUCTOS
a ( c + d ) = ac + ad

k =1

y 0,

8. IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMTRICAS

cos ( ) = cos

+ ( 2n 1) = n 2

sin ( ) = sin

,
2 2

1.5

-2
-8

-2
-5

tg 2 + 1 = sec 2

log10 N = log N y log e N = ln N

1
x

tg tg =
arc ctg x
arc sec x
arc csc x

1
1
( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
sin sin = 2 sin ( ) cos ( + )
2
2
1
1
cos + cos = 2 cos ( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
cos cos = 2 sin ( + ) sin ( )
2
2
sin + sin = 2sin

-1

sin + cos 2 = 1

Grfica 1. Las funciones trigonomtricas: sin x ,

cos x , tg x :

n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
1
k 2 = ( 2n3 + 3n 2 + n ) =

6
6
k =1
n
1 4
3
3
2
k = ( n + 2n + n )

4
k =1
n
1
k 4 = ( 6n5 + 15n 4 + 10n3 n )

30
k =1

log a

( a b ) a n k b k 1 = a n b n

1 + ctg 2 = csc 2

log a MN = log a M + log a N

n
(a + l )
2
n
n
r
a
1

rl
ar k 1 = a
=

1 r
1 r
k =1
n
1
k = ( n2 + n )

2
k =1

tg
ctg
cos
sec
csc
sin
0
0

1
1
12
3 2 3 2
3 2 1 3
1 2 1 2
2
2
1
1
3 1 3
2 2 3
3 2 12
0
0

1
1

1
y = sec x = cos
y [ 0, ]
x
1

y = csc x = sen
y ,
x
2 2

0
30
45
60
90

y = ctg x = tg

ak 1 ) = an a0

CA

y = tg x

k =1

y = sin x

k =1

CO

y ,
2 2
y = cos x y [ 0, ]

k =1

a + ( k 1) d = 2 2a + ( n 1) d

pq

ap
a
= p
b
b
p/q

k =1

ap
= a pq
aq

(a )

+ an = ak

ca

ak

2. EXPONENTES
a p a q = a p+q

p q

k =1

k =1

par

c = nc

= ak

k +1

impar

a n k b k 1 = a n + b n n

a n k b k 1 = a n b n n
k =1

5. SUMAS Y PRODUCTOS
n

( a + b ) ( 1)

a si a 0
a =
a si a < 0

ab = a b

k +1

Grfica 4. Las funciones trigonomtricas inversas

arcctg x , arcsec x , arccsc x :

HIP

senh x
cosh x
tgh x

-3
-4
-5

10. FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS INV

(
(

)
)

sinh 1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 , x
cosh 1 x = ln x x 2 1 , x 1
tgh 1 x =

1 1+ x
ln
,
2 1 x

ctgh 1 x =

1 x +1
ln
,
2 x 1

1 1 x2
sech 1 x = ln

1
csch 1 x = ln +
x

x <1
x >1

, 0 < x 1

x2 + 1
, x 0
x

11. IDENTIDADES DE FUNCS HIP

cosh 2 x sinh 2 x = 1
1 tgh x = sech x
2

ctgh 2 x 1 = csch 2 x
sinh ( x ) = sinh x
cosh ( x ) = cosh x
tgh ( x ) = tgh x

sinh ( x y ) = sinh x cosh y cosh x sinh y

cosh ( x y ) = cosh x cosh y sinh x sinh y
tgh x tgh y
1 tgh x tgh y
sinh 2 x = 2sinh x cosh x
tgh ( x y ) =

cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x

2 tgh x
tgh 2 x =
1 + tgh 2 x
1
( cosh 2 x 1)
2
1
2
cosh x = ( cosh 2 x + 1)
2
cosh 2 x 1
tgh 2 x =
cosh 2 x + 1

sinh 2 x =

sinh 2 x
tgh x =
cosh 2 x + 1

e x = cosh x + sinh x
e x = cosh x sinh x
12. OTRAS
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
b b 2 4ac
2a
b 2 4ac = discriminante
x=

exp ( i ) = e

( cos i sin )

si ,

13. LMITES
1

lim (1 + x ) x = e = 2.71828...
x 0

1
lim 1 + = e
x
x
sen x
lim
=1
x 0
x
1 cos x
lim
=0
x 0
x
ex 1
lim
=1
x 0
x
x 1
lim
=1
x 1 ln x
14. DERIVADAS

f ( x + x ) f ( x )
y
df
Dx f ( x ) =
= lim
= lim
x 0 x
dx x 0
x
d
(c) = 0
dx
d
( cx ) = c
dx
d
( cx n ) = ncx n1
dx
d
du dv dw
(u v w ) =
dx
dx dx dx
d
du
( cu ) = c
dx
dx

d
dv
du
( uv ) = u + v
dx
dx
dx
d
dw
dv
du
( uvw ) = uv + uw + vw
dx
dx
dx
dx
d u v ( du dx ) u ( dv dx )
=
2
dx v
v
d n
du
u ) = nu n 1
(
dx
dx

dF dF du
(Regla de la Cadena)
=

dx du dx
du
1
=
dx dx du
dF dF du
=
dx dx du
dy dy dt f 2 ( t )
x = f1 ( t )
=
=
donde
dx dx dt
f1( t )
y = f 2 ( t )
15. DERIVADA DE FUNCS LOG & EXP
d
du dx 1 du
=
( ln u ) =
dx
u
u dx
d
log e du

( log u ) =
dx
u dx
log e du
d
( log a u ) = a a > 0, a 1
dx
u
dx
d u
du
e ) = eu
(
dx
dx
d u
du
a ) = a u ln a
(
dx
dx
d v
du
dv
u ) = vu v 1
+ ln u u v
(
dx
dx
dx
16. DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES TRIGO
d
du
( sin u ) = cos u
dx
dx
d
du
( cos u ) = sin u
dx
dx
d
du
( tg u ) = sec2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( ctg u ) = csc2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( sec u ) = sec u tg u
dx
dx
d
du
( csc u ) = csc u ctg u
dx
dx
d
du
( vers u ) = sen u
dx
dx
17. DERIV DE FUNCS TRIGO INVER
d
1
du

( sin u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
du
1

( cos u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
du
1

( tg u ) =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
d
du
1

( ctg u ) =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
d
du + si u > 1
1

( sec u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx si u < 1
d
du si u > 1
1

( csc u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx + si u < 1
d
du
1

( vers u ) =
dx
2u u 2 dx

18. DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIPERBLICAS

d
du
sinh u = cosh u
dx
dx
d
du
cosh u = sinh u
dx
dx
d
du
tgh u = sech 2 u
dx
dx
d
du
ctgh u = csch 2 u
dx
dx
d
du
sech u = sech u tgh u
dx
dx
d
du
csch u = csch u ctgh u
dx
dx
19. DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIP INV
d
1
du
senh 1 u =

dx
1 + u 2 dx
-1
+
d
du
1
si cosh u > 0
cosh 1 u =
, u >1
-1
dx
u 2 1 dx
si cosh u < 0
d
1 du
tgh 1 u =
, u <1
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
du
1
ctgh 1 u =
, u >1
dx
1 u 2 dx
1
d
du si sech u > 0, u 0,1
1
sech 1 u =

1
dx
u 1 u 2 dx + si sech u < 0, u 0,1
d
1
du
1
, u0
csch u =
dx
u 1 + u 2 dx

20. INTEGRALES DEFINIDAS, PROPIEDADES

Nota. Para todas las frmulas de integracin deber
agregarse una constante arbitraria c (constante de
integracin).

{ f ( x ) g ( x )} dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx c
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx = 0
m ( b a ) f ( x ) dx M ( b a )
b

m f ( x ) M x [ a, b ] , m, M

f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
b

f ( x ) g ( x ) x [ a , b ]

f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx si a < b
b

21. INTEGRALES

adx =ax
af ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx
( u v w ) dx = udx vdx wdx
udv = uv vdu ( Integracin por partes )
u n +1

u du = n + 1
n

du

= ln u

n 1

22. INTEGRALES DE FUNCS LOG & EXP

e du = e
u

au a > 0

a du = ln a a 1
u

au

ua du = ln a u ln a
u

ue du = e ( u 1)
ln udu =u ln u u = u ( ln u 1)
u

u
1
( u ln u u ) = ( ln u 1)
ln a
ln a
2
u
u log a udu = 4 ( 2log a u 1)
2
u
u ln udu = 4 ( 2ln u 1)
23. INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO

log

tgh udu = ln cosh u

ctgh udu = ln sinh u
sech udu = tg ( sinh u )
csch udu = ctgh ( cosh u )

udu =

sin udu = cos u

cos udu = sin u
sec udu = tg u
csc udu = ctg u
sec u tg udu = sec u
csc u ctg udu = csc u
tg udu = ln cos u = ln sec u
ctg udu = ln sin u
sec udu = ln sec u + tg u
csc udu = ln csc u ctg u

1
= ln tgh u
2
26. INTEGRALES DE FRAC
du
1
u
u 2 + a 2 = a tg a
u
1
= ctg
a
a
du
1 ua
2
2
u 2 a 2 = 2a ln u + a ( u > a )
du
1 a+u
2
2
a 2 u 2 = 2a ln a u ( u < a )
27. INTEGRALES CON RAIZ
du
u
a 2 u 2 = sin a

= cos

= ln u + u 2 a 2

u 2 a2
du

1
ln
a a + a2 u 2
a
1
u u 2 a 2 = a cos u
1
u
= sec
a
a
u 2
a2
u
2
2
2
a u du = 2 a u + 2 sen a
2
u 2
a
2
2
2
2
2
u a du = 2 u a 2 ln u + u a
28. MS INTEGRALES

u 1
sin 2u
2 4
u 1
2
cos udu = 2 + 4 sin 2u
2
tg udu = tg u u

sin

du

u
a

udu =

a2 u 2
du

2
ctg udu = ( ctg u + u )

u sin udu = sin u u cos u

u cos udu = cos u + u sin u

au

au

sin bu du =
cos bu du =

e au ( a sin bu b cos bu )
a 2 + b2
e au ( a cos bu + b sin bu )

a2 + b2
1
1
sec u du = 2 sec u tg u + 2 ln sec u + tg u
29. ALGUNAS SERIES
3

24. INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO INV

sin udu = u sin u + 1 u

cos udu = u cos u 1 u
tg udu = u tg u ln 1 + u
ctg udu = u ctg u + ln 1 + u
sec udu = u sec u ln ( u + u

f '' ( x0 )( x x0 )

f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )( x x0 ) +

= u sec u cosh u

csc udu = u csc u + ln ( u +

u2 1

= u csc u + cosh u
25. INTEGRALES DE FUNCS HIP

sinh udu = cosh u

cosh udu = sinh u
sech udu = tgh u
csch udu = ctgh u
sech u tgh udu = sech u
csch u ctgh udu = csch u
2

)
)

f ( n ) ( x0 )( x x0 )
n!

f ( x ) = f ( 0) + f ' ( 0) x +
+

f ( n) ( 0 ) x n

2!

: Taylor

f '' ( 0 ) x 2
2!
: Maclaurin

n!
x 2 x3
xn
+ + +
+
2! 3!
n!
3
5
7
x
x
x
x 2 n 1
n 1
sin x = x +

+ + ( 1)
3! 5! 7!
( 2n 1)!
ex = 1 + x +

cos x = 1

x2 x4 x6
+
+

2! 4! 6!

+ ( 1)

n 1

x 2 n 2

( 2n 2 ) !

n
x2 x3 x 4
n 1 x
+
+ + ( 1)
2
3
4
n
2 n 1
x3 x 5 x 7
n 1 x
tg x = x +
+ + ( 1)
3
5
7
2n 1

ln (1 + x ) = x

2013 - Antonio E. Moya Ortiz