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Mr.

Oulton

Precipitation Reactions:
Formation of Solids

Name
Date

Chemistry 112

Objective:
To investigate single and double replacement reactions; predict and find evidence for the
products based on the solubility table.
Procedure:
Your group will cycle through a total of 7 stations (Note: there may be two groups at the
same station at once). The teacher will indicate when it is time to switch stations. Otherwise,
follow the respective directions for each of the stations, as indicated below.
Stations 1-5:
1. Place 2-3 of both reactants on your test paper in the correct box (another copy of the
observation table you will use to complete your tests on). Observe whether a precipitate
is formed and record your observations in your clean copy of the table. Carry this test
paper around with you to each station. Note: Make sure not to mix up the droppers in
their respective containers!
2. If you complete the testing before its time to cycle to the next station, start working on
writing the balanced equations (with states using solubility table) for each of the
reactions.
Stations 6, 7:
1. Using the dropper, fill your test tube about of the way with the aqueous solution. Drop
a small piece of the given metal into the test tube and record your observations as the
reaction occurs (or doesnt occur). Make sure to note whether there were any new
precipitates formed.
2. After the reaction is complete, please return your test tube with waste to the front table
(near the sink), as instructed by your teacher.
3. If you complete the test before it is time to switch stations, start working on writing the
balanced equation (with states using solubility table) for the reaction.
Analyze:

1. In your lab report, determine a balanced chemical equation for each of the above
reactions. Make sure to indicate the states of each compound in the chemical equations
(using solubility table). Also, denote whether the reaction is a single or double
replacement reaction. In 1-2 sentences, below each balanced equation, determine
whether your observations were expected based on the formula.
2. If you were to mix a solution of potassium iodide with a solution of silver nitrate, would
you expect a precipitate to form? Write the balanced chemical equation with states to
support your prediction.
Extension (BONUS):
3. Toby mixed a solution of calcium nitrate with a solution of sodium hydroxide and saw a
little bit of precipitate form. He then added a little bit of water to the solution and the
precipitate disappeared. What might best explain this?
Conclusion:
Reflect on which reactions may not have proceeded as predicted by the balanced equations
with states. Indicate what might have been the reason for the discrepancy. If all reactions
proceeded as predicted by the balanced equations, reflect on similarities or differences between
precipitates observed.

Mr. Oulton

Precipitation Reactions:
Formation of Solids

Name
Date

Chemistry 112
Observations:
Record whether a precipitate was formed (as well as the colour and consistency of the
precipitate and any other observations) in each of the reactions below.
Station
#
1

Na2CO3(aq)
(CO32-)

AgNO3(aq)
(Ag+)
a

Pb(NO3)2(aq)
(Pb2+)
f

CaCl2(aq)
(Ca2+)
k

Na3PO4(aq)
(PO43-)

NaOH(aq)
(OH-)

Na2SO4(aq)
(SO42-)

NaCl(aq)
(Cl-)

Station
#
6

Reactants

Observations

solid magnesium,
copper (II) sulphate solution

solid tin,
silver nitrate solution

Name
2

Mr. Oulton

Precipitation Reactions:
Formation of Solids
/15

Date

Chemistry 112
Cover Page /1
Purpose: /1
To investigate single and double replacement reactions; predict and find evidence for the
products based on the solubility table.
Procedure: /2
Station 1: Three drops of Na2CO3(aq) were added to three spots on a well plate. To each of the
spots, three drops of either AgNO3(aq), Pb(NO3)2(aq) or CaCl2(aq)were added to the Na2CO3(aq).
Observations were recorded in the table. The chemicals were disposed of down the sink and the
well plate was washed out.
Station 6: A test tube was filled of the way with CuSO4(aq). A small piece of solid magnesium
ribbon (approximately 1cm) was added to the test tube with the solution. The test tube was
shaken a bit to expose the magnesium to the solution. Observations were recorded in the table
and the chemicals were disposed of.
Materials: /1
0.05M AgNO3, 0.2M Pb(NO3)2, 0.5M CaCl2, 1.0M Na2CO3, 0.1M Na3PO4, 0.5M NaOH, 0.2M
Na2SO4, 0.1M CuSO4, 0.2M NaCl(aq), 1g of Mg(s), 0.1g of Sn(s), 2-test tubes, 5- 250mL Erlenmeyer
flasks, 2- 500mL Erlenmeyer flasks, 15 dropper bottles, 7- disposable droppers, 10 well
plates.
Observations/Table:
Station
#
1
Na2CO3(aq)
(CO32-)

/3
AgNO3(aq)
(Ag+)
A) Light brown (after
time), but started out
milky white precipitate

Pb(NO3)2(aq)
(Pb2+)
F) Chunky white
precipitate formed

CaCl2(aq)
(Ca2+)
K) Tiny amount of
white precipitate

Na3PO4(aq)
(PO43-)

B) Yellow Precipitate
formed

G) White precipitate
formed

L) Little bit of white


precipitate formed

NaOH(aq)
(OH-)

C) Dark brown
precipitate formed

H)White precipitate
formed

M)White filmy
precipitate formed
(hard to see at first).

Na2SO4(aq)
(SO42-)

D)White precipitate
formed that turned
light brown after time

I)White precipitate
formed.

N) No precipitate
observed.

NaCl(aq)
(Cl-)

E) White Precipitate
formed turned black
after a long amount of
time

J) Little bit of white


precipitate (barely any)

O) No precipitate
observed.

Station
#
6
7

Reactants

Observations

solid magnesium,
copper (II) sulphate solution
solid tin,
silver nitrate solution

P) Bubbles produced and then black precipitate fell from


the Magnesium strip and solution turned less blue.
Q) After the test tube was shaken, black precipitate was
noticded.

Mr. Oulton

Mr. Oulton

Extension (BONUS):
1. Because calcium hydroxide is formed and we know that calcium hydroxide is slightly
soluble, by adding more water you have given the solid a chance to dissolve. A low
solubility means a small amount will dissolve in a larger amount of water (say 58mg/L),
so the more water the more you can dissolve, hence why it disappeared. /1
Conclusion:
J, M, N: not really much precipitate observed when there should have been. This could be
due to low concentration. Had a precipitate appeared that shouldnt have been there, I would
have said contamination as a cause. /1

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