Microstrip Notch Filter

EE522 Numerical Methods for EM

-Final ProjectGoksenin Bozdag
December 30, 2014

Outline
MS Filter Design
MS Notch Filter Design
OpenEMS Simulation
HFSS Simulation
QUCS Simulation

Fabrication and Measurement

Comparison of the Results
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30 December 2014

2/22

Microstrip Filter Design

A filter two-port network used to control the frequency

response at a certain point

Low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject

Communication, radar and measurement systems

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30 December 2014

3/22

Microstrip Filter Design

The image parameter method in WW II

Today, CAD packages by the insertion loss method
The methods lead to circuits using lumped elements
In RF, distributed elements such as microstrip lines
needed to use
Limited range of lumped inductors and capacitors
Difficult implementation at microwave frequencies

Richards Transformation and Kurodas Identities

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30 December 2014

4/22

Microstrip Filter Design

Image parameter method

cascade of simpler two port filter sections

the procedure is relatively simple
Iterated many times

low-pass filter

low-pass response,

low-pass response with

half section

single half-section

four (half) sections

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30 December 2014

5/22

Microstrip Notch Filter Design

Insertion loss method

Uses network synthesis techniques
Ideally, no power loss in the passband
Bases normalized low-pass filter

Pin
2
IL dB 10log 10log 1 ( )
PL
1
PLR
2
1 ( )
M( 2 )
PLR 1
N( 2 )

where M and N are

real polynomials.

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30 December 2014

6/22

Microstrip Filter Design

Richards transformation converts lumped elements to

transmission lines
Reactance of
Inductance

jX L jL tan( l)

Short-stub

Susceptance
of Capacitance

jX C jC tan( l)

Open-stub

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30 December 2014

7/22

Microstrip Filter Design

Kurodos identities use redundant transmission lines

Separete transmission line stubs
Series stubs into shunt stubs, vice versa
Impractical impedances to practical impedances

where n2= 1 + Z2/Z1

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30 December 2014

8/22

Microstrip Filter Design

Low-pass
equivalent circuit
Richards Transf. &
Freq. Mapping

Adding Matched
Unit Elements

Applying Kurodas
Identities
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30 December 2014

9/22

Microstrip Notch Filter Design

Notch filter rejects the band sharply, band-stopping

Avoiding interference or unwanted signals

More optimum filter structures

Employing quarter-wave open and short stubs in
series and parallel as resonant circuits

Lumped element
band-stop filter
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Equivalent circuit with

addmittance inverters
30 December 2014

10/22

Microstrip Notch Filter Design

All of the elements represents by

distributed elements
Avoided reduntant elements
4Z

Admittance inverter

o
Characteristic impedance Z on
gn
of open stubs

Zo1 = Zo = 50 and = 12.5 mm

for g1 = 0.7 and = 1.8 at 3.2 GHz

where g coefficient of 0.5 dB equal ripple

and =
O.C. for LC Res.
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30 December 2014

11/22

OpenEMS Simulation

Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Solver

Open and Free, requires MatLab or Octave
The code separeted into six parts

Setup geometrical parameters

Setup FDTD paramters (e.g. Boundary cond.)
Setup FDTD mesh (resoulution, thin metal)
Assiging Substrate Material
Assisgning ports and open-stub
Post processing (reading voltages and currents)

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30 December 2014

12/22

OpenEMS Simulation

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30 December 2014

13/22

HFSS Simulation

High Frequency Structure Simulator, Ansys Inc.

Finite Element Method (FEM)
Frequency Domain Solver
Filter modeling includes the parts:
Draw the geometry
Assigin the materials
Assign the ports and boundaries
Setup solution frequency and convergence
Setup sweep frequencies
Post Processing
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30 December 2014

14/22

HFSS Simulation

MSL NF HFSS
0.00

HFSSDesign1
m2

m6

dB(S(1,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep

m7
Name

-5.00

ANSOFT

Curve Info

m1

3.2650 -28.3810

m2

3.2650 -1.0139

m6

2.4500 -3.0028

m7

4.0000 -3.0114

dB(S(2,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep

Y1

-10.00

-15.00

-20.00

-25.00
m1

-30.00
0.50

1.50

2.50

3.50

4.50

Freq [GHz]

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30 December 2014

15/22

5.50

QUCS Simulation

Quite Universal Circuit Simulator, open and free

Mathematical formulations for calculation
Includes many library and tools including
MS lines, stubs, lumped elements and
transmission line calculators eg. rectangular wg
Filter modeled by following the steps
Draw the circuit diagram using library
Assigin the substrate
Setup sweep frequencies
Post Processing
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30 December 2014

16/22

QUCS Simulation

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30 December 2014

17/22

Fabrication and Measurement

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30 December 2014

18/22

Comparison of the Results

OpenEMS
HFSS
QUCS
Realized Filter

Mesh Number
55514
14240
X
X

Duration (sec)
150.2
144
2
X

Res.Frq. (GHz)
3.217
3.265
3.220
3.250

0.5176
0.4747
0.5559
0.4077

Error Rates (%)

Resonance Freq.

OpenEMS

1.0154

34.3144

HFSS

0.4615

16.4337

QUCS

0.9231

36.3503

HFSS the most accurrate

QUCS results almost the same with openEMS
QUCS the most practical and fast
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30 December 2014

19/22

References

Pozar, David M., Microwave Engineering, John Wiley

& Sons, USA, 2012.

Hong, J. S. and Lancaster M. S., Microstrip Filters for

RF and Microwave Applications, John Wiley & Sons,
New York, 2001.
Ludwig R. and Bretchko P., RF Circuit Design: Theory
and Applications, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey,
2000.

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30 December 2014

20/22

References for Softwares

OpenEMS, www.openems.de
HFSS v13, www.ansys.com/Products
QUCS, www.qucs.sourceforge.net

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30 December 2014

21/22

Thanks for your

participation.
Questions ?
Goksenin Bozdag

30 December 2014

22/22