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(also called
verse)
Poetry defined:
Poetry is a major type of
literature. It features
imaginative and musical
language carefully chosen
and arranged to communicate
experiences, thoughts, or
emotions.
Characteristics:
Poetry differs from prose in that it
compresses meaning into fewer
words and often uses meter, rhyme,
and imagery.
Poetry is usually arranged in lines and
stanzas as opposed to sentences and
paragraphs and it can be more free in
the ordering of words and use of
punctuation.
Sound Effects
Alliteration
Rhyme
Rhythm
Meter
Internal rhyme
Onomatopoeia
Rhyme scheme
Consonance
Assonance
Repetition
Repetition
The use of the same words or
phrases over and over
Alliteration
The use of words that begin with the same sound
Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers.
Onomatopoeia
The use of words that sound like the
thing they describe
Examples: hiss, boom, buzz
Meter
Meter is a regular rhythmic pattern in
poetry. This pattern is determined by
the number of beats, or stresses, in
each line. Stressed and unstressed
syllables are divided into rhythmical
units called feet.
Types of Feet:
Iambic an unstressed syllable followed
by a stressed syllable (Example: insist)
Trochaica stressed syllable followed by
an unstressed syllable (Example: freedom)
Anapestictwo unstressed syllables
followed by one stressed syllable
(unimpressed)
continued
Pentameterfive-foot line
Hexametersix-foot line
Heptameterseven-foot line
Octameter-eight-foot line
Types of Rhyme:
End rhymeuse of rhyming
words at the ends of lines
Internal rhymethe use of
rhyming words within lines
Exact rhyme--rhyming words end
with the same sound as in moon
and June
continued
Slant rhymerhyming sounds are
similar but not identical as in rave
and rove
Sight rhymewords are spelled
similarly but pronounced differently,
as in lost and ghost or give and
thrive
Rhyme Scheme
the pattern of end rhymes designated
by assigning a different letter of the
alphabet to each rhyme
(Ex: ababc)
Poetic Forms:
Lyric (ode, sonnet, ballad, elegy)
Narrative
--Shape poem
Epic --Acrostic
Haiku
Blank verse
Free verse
Limerick
Quatrain
Cinquain
Diamante
Lyric
a highly musical type of poetry the purpose of
which is to expresses the emotions of a
speaker. Lyric poems often uses regular meter
Narrati
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Ode
a poem thats purpose is to honor or
praise someone or something.
Sonnet
a fourteen-line lyric poem, usually in
iambic pentameter, that follows one
of a number of different rhyme
schemes, considered a little song,
as sonnets purpose is to express
thoughts, ideas, or feelings
Epic
a long narrative poem, usually
chronicling the deeds of a folk hero
and written using moth dramatic and
narrative literary techniques. (The
Odyssey, The Iliad, Paradise Lost)
Free Verse
Poetry that does not use regular
rhyme, meter, or stanza division.
Free verse may contain irregular line
breaks and sentence fragments and
the purpose of this irregularity is to
mimic the rhythm of ordinary speech.
Most contemporary poetry is written
in free verse.
Haiku
A form of Japanese pattern poetry,
usually consisting of three lines in
which the syllables alternate in a
pattern of 5-7-5; Haiku reflects on
some aspect of nature and uses a
minimalist (simplified) form.
Haiku Example
An old silent pond
A frog jumps into the pond,
splash! Silence again.
Haiku
Elegy
a poem thats purpose is to express
sorrow over a loss
Limerick
A short, humorous poem
composed of five lines. Lines
1, 2, and 5 have seven to ten
syllables and rhyme with one
another. Lines 3 and 4 have
five to seven syllables, and
also rhyme with each other.
Example Limerick
There was an Old Man of Nantucket
Who kept all his cash in a bucket.
His daughter, called Nan,
Ran away with a man,
And as for the bucket, Nantucket.
Example Limerick
There was an Old Man with a beard
Who said, It is just as I feared!
Two owls, and a hen,
Four larks, and a wren
Have all built their nests in my beard!
--Edward Lear
from A Book of Nonsense
Quatrain
A poem of four lines: lines 2 and 4
must rhyme; lines 1 and 3 may or
may not rhyme. Rhyming lines
should have a similar number of
syllables.
Example Quatrain
Life is good
In many ways
Just dont get misunderstood
On hard days
Will Bjordammen
Example Quatrain
Whats wrong with people today?
People are rude,
Or maybe theyre in a mood,
Or maybe its just too many attitudes.
Example Quatrain
I had once made a snowman
Handsome as can be
In the snow he melted
A sad sight to see
Sebastian Gusman
Example Quatrain
Apples, pears, cookies too
Tacos, pizza, French fondue
People, racecar, how are you?
Ghost, goblins, zombies, BOO!
Cinquain
Has five lines: Line 1 is one word (the
title), line 2 is two words that
describe the title, line 3 is three
words that tell the action, line 4 is
four words that express feeling, line
5 is one word that recalls the title
Example Cinquain
Mules
Stubborn, unmoving
Braying, kicking, resisting
Not wanting to listen
People
by Cindy Barden
Example
Birds
Colorful, poised
Flying, singing, diving
Spirited, peaceful, joyous, free
Dancers
Abby Guinan
Diamante
Has seven lines
line 1 is a one-word subject that is
opposite of line 7 line 2 is two adjectives
which describe the subject in Line 1
Line 3 is three verbs relating to the subject
in line 1 line 4 is two nouns related to the
subject of line 1, followed by two nouns
related to the subject in line 7 (four words
total)
Example Diamante
Tears
Wet, shiny
Sliding, escaping, holding,
Girls, hearts, boys, teeth
Healing, rejuvenating, motivating
Beautiful, emotional
Smile
Alex Lewis
Example Diamante
Society
Imperfect, unestablished
Cheating, lying, stealing
Pollution, economy, life, generations
Greening, blossoming, growing
Beautiful, majestic
Nature
Abby Guinan
Shape Poem
Poetry written in the shape or form of an
object. This is a type of concrete poetry.
Shape poem
It smells like a box.
It looks like a box.
It tastes like a box.
It sounds like a box.
But its not a box.
Amy Levy
Acrostic Poem
A poem that makes a word or message from
the first (usually) letter used in each line
Living
Inside the world
For many years
Everyday we learn something about
it
Stanza Lengths
Couplettwo-line stanza
Tripletthree-line stanza
Quatraina four-line stanza
Quinteta five-line stanza
Sesteta six-line stanza
Apostrophe
addressing an absent person or
personified thing
Oxymoron
a combination of contradictory words,
as in cruel kindness or loving hate
Paradox
A statement that is seemingly
contradictory to common sense and yet
is true
Examples:
Im alone in a crowd.
Water, water everywhere nor any drop to
drink
I must be cruel only to be kind.
Paradox examples
I always tell lies.
We must go to war to make peace.
I can resist anything except
temptation
Imagery/Sensory Details
A description that creates clear
pictures in the readers mind; appeal
to the five senses. When you read a
description of something that causes
you to imagine the way something
tastes, smells, sounds, feels, or looks
like
idiom
An expression that has a meaning
different from the meaning of its
individual words
Examples to go to the dogs
a drop in the bucket
chip on your shoulder
a piece of cake
a pat on the back
a slap on the wrist