Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1 Genetics
Essential Idea: Every living organism inherits a blueprint for life
from its parents.
Genes
-Genes are involved in the continuous control of cell activity and
reproduction
-they carry instructions from one generation to the next
-they can be defined in various ways:
Alleles
-Since alleles are alternative forms of the same gene,, they occupy the same
position on one type of chromosome
-only 1 allele can occupy the locus of a gene on a chromosome
-eg: fur colour of mice caused by one gene
Mutations
Point Mutations:
-These mutations subtracts, adds, or deletes a nucleotide with a gene
-This alters the 3 nucleotides that make up an individual codon
-Changing a nucleotide can have a few effects
-silent mutation:
Since multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, the amino
acid remains the same
-missense mutation:
-nonsense mutation:
-frameshift mutation:
-red blood cells are sickle shaped, and can get stuck in capillaries
Genome
-A genome is the whole genetic information of an organism
-Genomics is the science that aims to decipher and understand the entire
genetic information of an organism
-this includes DNA and corresponding complements such as RNA, proteins,
and metabolites
-Broadly speaking, the definition includes related disciplines, such as
epigenomics, metabolomics, and nutrigenomics
Biotechnology:
-When genes are transferred between species (compared) the amino acid
sequence of polypeptides translated from them is unchanging because the
genetic code is universal
-Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is used to compare biological
sequence information
-eg: amino acid of protein sequences