QUADRILATERALS

1

2

Parallelogram
A quadrilateral is called parallelogram if its opposite sides are parallel.

Opposite sides are parallel and equal

Opposite angles are equal
Diagonals bisect each other
Sum of any two adjacent angles is 180
Each diagonal divides the parallelogram into two triangles of equal area
Straight lines joining the midpoints of the adjacent sides of any quadrilateral form a
parallelogram
=

Parallelograms that lie on the same base and between the same parallel lines are equal in area
If a triangle and a parallelogram lie on the same base, and between the same parallel lines then
1
= 2 ( )

Rectangle
A parallelogram in which each angle is a right angle is called a rectangle.

Opposite sides are parallel and equal[

Each angle is equal to 90
Diagonals are equal and bisect each other
= 2( + )
=
= ()2 + ()2
A parallelogram is a rectangle if its diagonals are equal

Quadrilateral formed by the points of intersection of angle bisectors of parallelogram is a rectangle

Rhombus
A parallelogram whose all sides are equal is called rhombus.

Opposite sides are parallel

All sides are equal
Opposite angles are equal
Diagonals bisect each other at 90 (but they are not equal)
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()2 = (

( )
2
)
2

+(

2
)
2

A parallelogram is rhombus if its diagonals are perpendicular to each other.

Square
A rectangle in which all sides are equal is called a square. Clearly every square is a rhombus,
rectangle and parallelogram.

All sides are equal and opposite sides are parallel

All angles are 90
Diagonals are equal and bisect each other at right angles
= 4 ()
1
= ()2 = 2 ()2

= 2 ()

A parallelogram is a square if its diagonals are congruent and bisect each other at right angles.

Trapezium
A quadrilateral is called a trapezium if two of the opposite sides are parallel but the other two
sides are not parallel.
1

= 2 ( )

Median is the line-segment joining the mid-points of the oblique (non-parallel) sides
1
= 2 ( ) ()

Kite
A quadrilateral is called a kite, if it has two pairs of equal and adjacent sides

Two pairs of adjacent sides are equal

Diagonals intersect at right angles
The longer diagonal bisects the shorter diagonal
1
= 2 ( )

Polygon

Sum of all interior angles of a polygon of side n is given by ( 2)180

One of the angles of a polygon of side is given by (

Sum of an interior angle and its adjacent exterior angle is 180

Sum of all exterior angles of a polygon is 360
1
= 2

2
2

) 180

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