Annotated Bibliography

Colton Gardner
Globalization
17 April 2015

Aldrich, J.R. (2009 October) Beyond the vigilant state: globalisation and
intelligence. Review of International Studies, 5(34), 889-902.

In this article, the author explores the United State evolving intelligence complex and the role
that globalization plays in its continued development. The author analyzes how globalization has
introduced novel security threats that force intelligence agencies to rethink their practices and
approaches to gathering intelligence. The most relevant portion of this article is towards the end
wherein the author recognizes the contradictory demands of more active operations,
sometimes of a rather raw kind, set against expectations of ethical behaviour and good
governance. The framework that the author establishes in this section could prove to be useful
when arguing for reform of drone surveillance practices.

Aldrich, J.R., Kasuku, J. (2012 September) Escaping from American intelligence: culture,
ethnocentrism and the Anglosphere, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs
1944-), 88(5), 1009-1028.

This article addresses the American intelligence systems impact on intelligence-gathering

culture and practices worldwide. Specifically, the author cites overreaches in the form of the
governments electronic surveillance programs that operate at home and abroad.The author
recognizes the importance of peoples trust in government intelligence agencies and continues

on to outline why such agencies would benefit from reforming practices that could conceivably
endanger personal privacy among citizens.

Boyle, M. J. (2013 January) The costs and consequences of drone warfare.

International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 89(1), 1-29

In this article, the author discusses the origins of unmanned aerial vehicles and their increasing
use in global surveillance and military operations. The author points out that the United States
is at the forefront of drone technology and production, but many other countries are not far
behind in what the author describes as a kind of arms race. He goes into detail about the
ability of governments with drone technology to easily and efficiently police dissidents or
subversive problem groups. Additionally, the author makes the case that extensive drone use in
democracies such as the U.S. could lead to the development of surveillance states that entail
significant consequences for civil liberties.

Bamford, J. (2015 February) The Black-and-White Security Question, Foreign Policy,

210, 70-75

In this article, the author makes a case for increased transparency in government-run
surveillance operations. A large chunk of the article is based on the frameworks established by a
former Central Intelligence Agency official who espoused the declassification of government
secrets and technology as well as a more ethical approach to intelligence gathering. The author
provides interesting arguments for a new type of intelligence gathering system that operates
with a conscious interest in the protection of personal liberties.

Christy, A. (2013) THE ACLU'S HOLLOW FOIA VICTORY OVER DRONE STRIKES,
George Mason Law Review, 21(1), 1-15

This article concerns a court case involving the American Civil Liberties Union and the Central
Intelligence Agency in which the American Civil Liberties Union appealed against an unlawful
response from defendant the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency regarding disclosure of CIA's use
of Drone aircraft for targeted killings overseas. Topics discussed include disclosure of
information under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act, U.S. intelligence gathering, and its
relationship with international law. This articles relevance lies in its legal examination of dronebased operations and the effects of such programs on civil liberties.

Etzioni, A. (2010 June) DRONE ATTACKS: The 'Secret' Matrix, The World Today, 66(7),
11-14

This article provides the reader with specifics about the processes behind drone-based
operations. Logistics and data are presented on the governments use of drones in international
settings for both surveillance and military purposes. The author subsequently examines the
ethical ramifications of drone use for these purposes as well as United States drone programs
compliance with international law. According to the author, basically every drone operation
perpetrated by the U.S. has fell within the spectrum of legal international activity, albeit just
barely on a couple occasions.
Miller, G. (2012 May 18) Drone Wars, Science, 336(6083), 842-843

In this article, the author discusses the United States development of drone technology and its
use in operations both at home and abroad. He outlines such operations legal, ethical and
political pros and cons in the current environment as well as the future of drone development

and its acceptance into modern culture. Specifically, the author delves into the issue of targeting
United States nationals with either military or surveillance drones and the dangers to inherent
civil liberties contained therein.

Roberts, D. (2013, June 19) FBI admits to using surveillance drones over US soil. The
Guardian. Retrieved from www.theguardian.com

This article goes over the Federal Bureau of Investigations confessing to the utilization of
drones in their investigative operations located in domestic airspace. The article subsequently
outlines various responses to this revelation from several U.S. officials and politicians. The
general consensus among these responses being that congressional discourse and legislative
actions regarding the issue should be pursued out of concern for citizens privacy rights.
Additionally, the article provides a modicum of background knowledge to the reader, noting the
use of unmanned aerial vehicles by border control and Homeland Security over American soil.
This article aims to point out government agencies suspicious use of drones and the potential
danger that it poses to Americans right to privacy.

Talai, A.B. (2014) Drones and Jones: The Fourth Amendment and Police Discretion in
the Digital Age. California Law Review. 102(3), 729-780

This article examines the burgeoning use of unmanned aerial vehicles by a variety of U.S. law
enforcement agencies and its currently ambiguous legal status. The author analyzes several
instances of drones being used to facilitate the arrest of American citizens. He uses these
analyses to construct the argument that drones further allow law enforcement agencies to
abuse their discretionary powers. In addition, the author argues that the increasingly rapid

developments in drone technology (such as the ARGUS system), have far outpaced the current
protections provided to safeguard citizens privacy.

Thompson, R.M. (2013, April 3) Drones in Domestic Surveillance Operations: Fourth

Amendment Implications and Legislative Responses (CRS Report No. R42701). Retrieved from
Federation of American Scientists website: https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R42701.pdf

This report from the Congressional Research Service is written by a legislative attorney and
outlines the legal situation of domestic drone surveillance operations and their relationship with
the fourth amendment of the constitution. The report provides several examples of legal cases
wherein the government operates just barely within the confines of the fourth amendment while
performing surveillance. These cases set some precedence for establishing drone surveillances
constitutionality. Subsequently, the report applies these precedents and the word of the fourth
amendment to hypothetical drone use. Additionally the report lists a series of legislative
proposals restraining drone use domestically. The evidence presented in this report shows an
increased government interest in drone use and its implicated effects on privacy rights.