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Answers to
Cambridge Checkpoint Science
Workbook I
You may award one mark for each answer or part of an answer.
Signs of life
2 a) 3
b) Feeding rabbit is eating grass; sensitivity ears face a sound and the rabbit stops eating;
movement the rabbit hops away.
Animal life
3 a) Examples could include a crab or lobster.
b) Shed it (moult).
c) It is softer.
d) It takes in water to stretch it.
e) Gills.
Plant life
4 a) Reproduction.
b) Movement and growth.
c) Light, carbon dioxide, water, small amounts of chemicals in the soil.
Respiration
6 glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
Cambridge Checkpoint Science Workbook 1 Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2012
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Movement
7 a) Muscles.
b) To find food, avoid enemies, find shelter.
c) Pump blood around the body.
d) Churn up food to help it digest.
Irritability
8 Skin touch; eyes sight; ears hearing; nose smell; tongue taste.
Excretion
10 a) Urine, sweat, air we breathe out.
b) inhaled air
breathe
passes through
this tube
in and out
gently here
exhaled air
passes through
this tube
limewater
c) Limewater.
d) Limewater changes from clear to cloudy or milky.
e) Respiration.
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c) Make food.
d) The flower.
e) The stem.
f) Help grip other supports to hold up a weak stem.
Circulatory system
5 a) 3, 1, 4, 2
b) A throbbing sensation or artery.
Respiratory system
6 a)
b)
Age in years
0
3
6
18
24
30
25
20
15
15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
12
Age/years
15
18
21
24
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3 Cells
Digestive system
7 a) Salivary gland, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
b) Abdomen.
c) Stomach.
Nervous system
8 a) Brain.
b) Spinal cord.
c) Electrical.
Excretory system
9 a)
kidney
ureter
bladder
Sensory system
10 a) Nose, ear, skin, eyes.
b) To provide information about your surroundings.
Endocrine system
11 a) Glands.
b) Insulin.
c) Diabetes.
d) By taking extra insulin into the body.
3 Cells
The microscope
1 a) A sunless part of the sky.
b) Directly from the Sun.
c) The lowest power objective lens.
4
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3 Cells
d) Stage clips.
e) Is in the centre of the hole on the stage.
f) Moves away from the specimen on the slide.
2 Numbers 4, 5, 2, 1, 3.
Looking at cells
3 a)
cell wall
cell membrane
vacuole
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
Number of cells
0
1
2
3
4
8
16
32
64
128
Adaptations in cells
6 a)
nucleus
phagocyte
Red blood cell
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4 Microorganisms
4 Microorganisms
The fungi kingdom
1 Heat, cold and dry conditions.
2 D, B, C, A
3 a)
50
45
40
Height of froth/mm
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
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10
20
30
40
Temperature of sample/C
50
60
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b) Used the same amount of yeast, sugar and water to make each sample.
c) Carbon dioxide.
d) Respiration.
e) The sample at 0C was still alive at that temperature and started respiring when the temperature
rose. The sample at 50C had been killed at that temperature and so could not respire at a lower
temperature.
Viruses
8 Virus sticks to cell 1; virus enters cell 2; protein coat breaks down 3; DNA released 4; DNA
reproduces 5; protein coat forms around DNA 6; cell wall breaks down 7.
9 Any two from: the common cold, influenza, chicken pox, measles, rabies, AIDS.
Decomposer
10 a) Bacteria and fungi.
b) Minerals.
c) The plants take up minerals in the soil water and use them to grow.
Abiotic
temperature
animals eating leaves
trees making shade
wind speed
rainfall
birds using leaves for nesting materials
humans walking through the habitat
Biotic
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Food chains
3 a) Plant snail shrew hawk.
b) The plant.
c) An animal that eats only plants.
d) The snail.
e) No. An omnivore is an animal that eats both plants and animals. The food chain only shows the
animals to be either herbivores or carnivores.
Biodiversity
4 a) The number of individuals of the species of moth in the habitat.
b) Checking the level of the population by comparing the numbers he has counted at the site.
5 a)
wood cover
pebbles
yoghurt pot
ground
Number of individuals
b) The cover.
c) The smooth walls of the yoghurt pot do not let them climb out.
d) The beetle and centipede have fallen into the trap and the centipede has eaten the beetle.
e)
30
20
10
ts
an
rs
id
e
sp
les
et
be
s
ail
sn
slu
gs
Species
6 a) Rock pool 1.
b) (i) It goes down.
(ii) It goes up.
c) (i) Mussels.
(ii) The numbers are greatly reduced where starfish are found. The numbers of the other animals do
not change.
d) (i) They cannot survive the drier conditions.
(ii) They have eaten all the mussels.
e) Quadrat.
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Adaptations
7 a) (i) A and B
(ii) A and D
(iii) B and C
b) B
c) D
d) C
8 Darkness.
9 Aestivation is when animals rest (sleep) for a time in a hot dry season. Hibernation is when animals rest
(sleep) for a time in cold winter conditions.
10 a) Eggs larva pupa adult in a circle.
b) X marked at egg and pupa.
11 a) Any two from: storing water, thick waxy covering to prevent water loss, spikes to prevent animals
biting in for a drink, long roots to find water.
b) Any three from: can drink large amounts of water, thick foot pads for heat insulation, webbed feet to
stop sinking in sand, holds body on long legs above hot desert surface, can shut nostrils to keep out
sand, long eyelashes keep sand from eye, third eyelid for wiping away sand, strong teeth for grinding
tough desert plants, fat in hump is an energy store.
12 It traps a bubble of air under its wings.
13 a) (i) Strong for grinding up plants.
(ii) On the side of the head to see all around.
(iii) Large to catch sounds and movable to detect sounds from all directions.
b) (i) Conical shape for stabbing.
(ii) Facing forwards so they overlap and allow distances to be judged.
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Plant
Animal
Jellyfish
Annelid worms
Molluscs
Echinoderms
10
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Vertebrates
3 a) Order, family, genus, species.
b) Species.
Variation
5
Continuous variation
Discontinuous variation
A, B, D, E
C, F
6 a)
11
Mass/g
10
9
8
7
6
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Months
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
b) The mass decreases early in the year then builds up in the latter part of autumn then decreases again
through the winter.
c) Small.
d) A bat. It builds up a food store in its body, which it uses up during hibernation.
e) Continuous.
f) The environment.
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Metal
A
B
Non-metal
b) oxygen, nitrogen.
c) Metals usually have shiny surfaces.
3 Carbon barbecue charcoal; chlorine keeping swimming pools water clean; iodine portable water
purifying kits; phosphorus matches; sulfur car tyres.
12
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Metal alloys
4 Bronze copper and tin bells; brass copper and zinc ornaments; steel iron and carbon car bodies.
% increase in mass
Cloths
c) C, A, B, D.
d) He could have used samples of cloth that all had a mass of 100g.
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c)
40
Temperature/C
30
20
10
4
Time/min
d) 7.4 minutes.
Acids
2 methanoic nettles; citric lemon; lactic exercising muscles; tartaric grape; hydrochloric mammal
stomach.
Alkalis
3 a) Because they can burn the skin.
b) Alkalis.
The pH scale
5 Litmus red blue; Methyl orange pink yellow; phenolphthalein colourless pink.
6 a) X is on 7.
b) The circle is around 02.
c) The circle is around 811.
14
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Neutralisation
7 acid + akali salt + water
8 a) nitric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium nitrate + water
b) sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide potassium sulfate + water
c) hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
9 sodium hydrogen carbonate + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + carbon dioxide + water
10 a) Soap, because the sting is acidic and soap is alkaline.
b) Vinegar, because the sting is alkaline and vinegar is a weak acid.
11 a) The stomach makes too much acid as it digests food.
b) It dissolves to make an alkaline solution, which neutralises the acid.
12 a) It contains two solids, which will only react together when they dissolve in water.
b) Carbon dioxide, which makes the texture light.
Acid rain
13 a) East and south east.
b) South west and west.
c) The south west, since all the recordings were 6, which is slightly acid. No other direction had as
many readings of 6.
d) Recording event 4, north east contaminated with acid and recording event 8, north west
contaminated with alkali.
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Types of rock
6 a)
Rock
sandstone
granite
limestone
basalt
chalk
Igneous
Sedimentary
Small crystals
Large crystals
Rock fragments
Shells
b) Metamorphic.
c) Limestone.
d) It is heated and squashed in the Earths crust.
7 D, C, A, B, E
8 Crystal shape, colour, luster, hardness and colour of streak.
9 A rock rich in metal compounds.
Soil
10 Weathering.
11
litter layer
topsoil
subsoil
lumps of
bedrock
bedrock
16
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13 a)
water
soil
glass wool
measuring cylinder
b) Same amount of soil; allowed to drain for the same amount of time; same amount of glass wool in funnel.
c) A clay, B rocky, C sandy.
14 a)
8.0
7.5
7.0
pH
6.5
C
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
P
H
6
Stations
10
b) It increased.
c) It decreased.
d) See graph in answer a.
e) Each plant type grows in a soil of a certain pH.
f) Station 9 wild onion; station 10 lilac.
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20
15
10
5
0
Pc
D
Ca
Time period
18
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13 Measurements
11 a) 250g.
b) 125g.
c) 16 million years old.
12 4.6 billion years
13 Measurements
Fooling our senses
1 Dots appear in the gaps between the squares and seem to move as you move your eyes.
Time to fall/seconds
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Parachute
This gives the students a chance to produce their own graph, which should be of a size that fills most of the
paper available. Make sure they have labelled the axes and given the chart a title.
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Accuracy of measurements
5 From directly in front.
C
D
B
E
A
Pulling force in N
40
30
25
20
b) The rusty runners had rough surfaces but sanding and waxing the surface has made them smooth.
c) The frictional force has been reduced.
6 a) Su Lin.
b) Less water will be moved out of the way and the water between the tyre and road will reduce
friction.
20
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15 Energy
40
Extension/cm
30
20
10
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Mass/kg
1200
1400
15 Energy
What is energy?
1 Energy is a property of something, that can exist in different forms and can make something exert a
force or do work.
Forms of energy
2 a) Chemical energy.
b) Gravitational potential energy.
c) Strain energy.
3 a) Chemical energy.
b) Gravitational potential energy.
c) Strain energy.
d) At the top of the dive when she is highest in the air.
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15 Energy
4 a)
Distance travelled by ball/cm
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2
3
4
5
Distance band pulled back/cm
b) The further the band is pulled back, the further the ball travels.
c) The greater the stored energy in the band, the further the ball travelled. Pulling the band back further
increases its stored energy.
d) They do not seem to be very accurate as they do not show the pattern clearly. The line is wobbly
instead of straight.
e) She could repeat them, taking more care over her measurements.
f) The elastic band broke.
5 It moves.
6 Solids, liquids and gases.
7 Electrical energy is the movement of electrical charges through a conductor. Electromagnetic energy is
electrical energy that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves.
8 Internal energy or thermal energy.
Energy changes
9 It changes from electromagnetic energy in light into stored, chemical energy in the food in the leaf.
10 Heat and sound.
Fuel
11 a) D, C, E, B, A
b) Coal.
c) Oil and methane gas.
d) Tiny plants and animals that lived and died in the upper waters of ancient seas; dead plankton.
12 a) Use the same mass of each fuel, the same mass of water; have the pans the same distance above the
fuels; make sure the air is still around both barbecues; hold the thermometer in the same position in
both pans when taking the temperature.
22
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16 Energy transfers
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
Water temperature/C
100
Water temperature/C
b)
50
40
30
50
40
30
Charcoal
20
20
10
10
10
15
Time/min
20
25
30
Briquettes
10
15
Time/min
20
25
30
c) (i) The temperature rises quickly, stays high for a short time then falls quickly.
(ii) The temperature rises slowly and remains high for longer and starts to cool down more slowly.
d) The charcoal releases its energy as heat faster than the briquettes but releases less energy than the
briquettes later in the investigation.
16 Energy transfers
Energy transfers and transformations
1 Examples might include beating heart, movement of intestines, blinking of eye, movement of ribs in
breathing.
2 a) (i) 20 joules.
(ii) 60 joules.
b) (i) 3200 joules.
(ii) 9600 joules.
(iii) 12800 joules.
(iv) 2250000 joules.
(v) 2250kJ.
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16 Energy transfers
kinetic energy.
thermal energy.
5 a) C, A, G, B, E, D, F
b) The more strain energy in the balloon the greater the distance the balloon will travel.
c) They match the prediction because the balloon with the greater circumference has the greater strain
energy and it travels the greater distance.
6 a) and b)
a) Car A
Energy in
fuel 200 kJ
Kinetic energy 50 kJ
Waste
heat
energy
150 kJ
b) Car B
Energy in
fuel 200 kJ
Waste heat
energy
100 kJ
c) B
7 23% makes water circulate in the water cycle; 47% absorbed by the atmosphere; 0.02% used by
plants in photosynthesis; 30% reflected back into space; less than 1% produces winds and currents.
Generating electricity
10 a) Kinetic energy of wheel
b) Kinetic energy in steam.
24
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dynamo
electrical energy.
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Conservation of energy
11 In any energy change some energy is lost as heat. Energy is always conserved.
154
153
152
151
150
149
148
147
146
Ja
Ju
Jy
Month
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Bright stars
7 a) 3000 red; 4000 orange; 6000 yellow; 11000 white; 25000 blue
b) 6000C.
The Moon
8 E, C, B, D, A
Asteroids
11 a) Asteroid belt, Kuiper Belt, Ort Cloud.
b) Kuiper belt.
c) Ort Cloud.
26
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