What is the basic difference between 90% stator earth fault

and 100% stator earth fault, and its phenmenona?

Answer 1: As neutral of the generator is approched, the driving
voltage available between the fault point and the neutral
is very low & hence not detectable. So last 5% of the
generator winding remains nprotected with the conventional
schemes of E/F protection. that is why it is called 95%
stator earthfault protection. For covering the rest of 5%
winding other techniques like 3rd harmonic principle ets
are available.
Answer 2:
95% stator earth fault protection uses an overvoltage relay at the neutral
transformer of a generator. Because there is always a minimum voltage at the
neutral because of harmonics and zero sequence, a little margin is necessary and
only 95% of the generator windings can be covered with this method.
100% stator earth fault protection uses current injection at low frequency or
minimum third harmonic voltage to detect earth faults. It does not have the
limitation at the earth side of the winding, so using this method and the one
described for the 95% you can cover 100% of the stator.
Both detect earth faults at generator stator windings when generators neutrals are
connected to earth using neutral transformers or reactances, which make neutral
currents too small to use overcurrents relays.
Answer 3:
Generator neutral is normally earthed in all systems. Normal Earthfault relay at the
neutral of the generators will detect most of the earth faults occurring in the
system. Hence the term 95% earth fault detection. However if an earthfault occurs
very near to the earthed neutral of the stator and especially if the fault is just before
the actual neutral earthing it is very difficult to detect that fault. Hence to detect
such faults 100% stator earthfault relays are incorporated into the system.The
earthing due to earthfault at that point normally does not affects the working of the
system since the neutral point is already earthed. However if another fault occurs at
another portion of the system this earth may carry heavy current at that time,
damaging the neutral of the stator