Ej. Proy. I Fase Prq054

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ult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Pgina }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\
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\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx1960\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {I.}\fs24\cf
0\f2\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ELECCIN Y JUSTIFICACIN DEL
PROYECTO. ........................................ 1 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-41
3\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1.1}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex1
00 {Antecedentes generales. ...................................................
.................................. 1 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1.1.1 Activid
ades que se realizan en la finca \uc1\u8220XLa Compaa\uc1\u8221X. ................
.................. 3 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1.1.2 Caractersticas del Biogs.
..............................................................................
. 3 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1.1.3 Disponibilidad de Materia Prima en la Fi
nca. .................................................. 5 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {1.2}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Diagnstico: Identificacin,
seleccin y caracterizacin del Problema .............. 6 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100 {1.3}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Planteamiento Tcnico General de
l Proyecto. ................................................... 8 }\par\pard\li
1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\f
s22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1.4}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Justificacin del P
royecto. ......................................................................
........... 8 }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2026\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1.4.1 Justificacin tcnica. ...........
....................................................................... 8 }\par\
2\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1.4.2 Justificacin econmica. .............................
............................................... 9 }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\s
1.4.3 Justificacin social. ......................................................
.............................. 9 }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1.4.4 Justificacin
ambiental. ....................................................................
.......... 9 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\
sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {II.-}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {O
BJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO. .........................................................
............... 10 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2.1}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\
charscalex100 {Objetivo General. ..............................................
................................................. 10 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {2.2}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Objetivos Especficos. .........

...............................................................................
10 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {III.-}{ }\fs22\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {DESARROLLO
E INGENIERA DEL PROYECTO. ....................................... 12 }\par\pard\
li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026
\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.1}\tab \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Caracterizacin (
fsica, qumica, biolgica) y Cuantificacin de la Biomasa }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Disponible (Estircol Bovino) para el Proceso
de Biodigestin y Generacin de }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f2\ch
arscalex100 {Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. ..........................
.................... 12 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.2}\tab \fs24\cf
1\f2\charscalex100 {Caracterizacin y Cuantificacin del Producto Biogs de Estircol Bo
vino para la}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Gen
eracin de Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. ...................... 15 }\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\ma
rgbsxn506\pard\li9773\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {ii}\fs24\cf
0\f1\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.2.1 Caracterizacin
del Producto Biogs de Estircol Bovino para la Generacin de }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\s
l-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija
. ............................................... 15 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex10
0 {3.2.2 Cuantificacin del Producto Biogs de Estircol Bovino para la Generacin de}\p
ar\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Energa Elctrica en F
inca La Compaa, Tarija ................................................ 18 }\par\p
ard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx
2026\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.3}\tab \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Caracteriza
cin de los Productos Biol y Biosol de Estircol Bovino del Proceso}\par\pard\li2026
\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {de Biodigestin para la Generacin d
e Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compan,}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1
\f2\charscalex100 {Tarija. ....................................................
............................................................. 20 }\par\pard\li16
00\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs2
4\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.4}\tab \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Cuantificacin de la
Demanda (actual y futura) de Energa Elctrica en Finca La }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Compaa, Tarija. .........................
...................................................................... 21 }\par\
4\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.4.1 Demanda Actual de Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa,
Tarija. ........... 21 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.4.2 Demanda Futura de En
erga Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. ............ 22 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf1\f2\c
harscalex100 {3.5}\tab \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Determinacin de la Capacidad d
el Biodigestor de Estircol Bovino para la}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs
24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Generacin de Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. ...
.................... 23 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.6}\tab \fs24\cf
1\f2\charscalex100 {Localizacin del Biodigestor de Estircol Bovino para la Generac
in de Energa}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Elctri
ca en Finca La Compaa, Tarija.....................................................
......... 26 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\
sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.7}\tab \fs24\cf1\f2\charsc
alex100 {Seleccin del Proceso de Biodigestin de Estircol Bovino para la Generacin de
}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Energa Elctrica
en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. ............................................... 30 }\p
ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \
fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.7.1 Descripcin del Proceso Seleccionado de Biodiges
tin de Estircol Bovino}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex
100 {para la Generacin de Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. .......... 32
}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult
0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.8}\tab \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Elab
oracin del Diagrama de Flujo del del Proceso de Biodigestin de Estircol}\par\pard\
li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Bovino para la Generacin de
Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija.}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs
24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 { ......................................................
....................................................................... 37 }\par
\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\
tx2026\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.9}\tab \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Balances
de Materia y Energa del Proceso de Biodigestin de Estircol Bovino}\par\pard\li2026
\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {para la Generacin de Energa Elctric
a en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. .......... 39 }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.9.1 P
lanteamiento del Balance de Materia en el Biodigestor de Laguna }\par\pard\li
2600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Cubierta. .................
................................................................................
.. 39 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
133\margtsxn666\margbsxn533\pard\li9720\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {iii}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\s
3.9.2 Balance de Materia en el Biodigestor. ...................................
................... 41 }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i2026\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.9.3 Balance de Energa del
Proceso de Biodigestin de Estircol Bovino para la}\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-413\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Generacin de Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tari
ja. ............ 43 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.10}\tab \fs24\cf1\
f2\charscalex100 {Dimensionamiento del Biodigestor de Estircol Bovino para la Gen
eracin de }\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Energa
Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. ......................................... 47
0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.10.1 Biodigestor de Estircol Bovino. ...........
........................................................ 47 }\par\pard\li1600\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\chars
calex100 {3.10.2 Cmara de Alimentacin. ..........................................
..................................... 57 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.10.3 Ta
nque de Almacenamiento de Biol. ...............................................
.............. 58 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600
\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.10.4 Tubera de Conduccin de Alim
entacin. ...................................................... 60 }\par\pard\li
1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f
2\charscalex100 {3.10.5 Tubera de Conduccin del Biogs de Estircol Bovino. .........
..................... 62 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.10.6 Bomba de Extraccin
de Lodos. ....................................................................
63 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {3.10.7 Medidor de Flujo de Biogs. .............
............................................................. 65 }\par\pard\li16
00\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\
charscalex100 {3.10.8 Generador a Biogs. .......................................
................................................ 65 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100
{IV.-}{ }\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {ANLISIS ECONMICO. .........................
...................................................... 66 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charsca

lex100 {4.1 Estimacin del Costo de la Inversin de la Instalacin del Biodigestor de
Estircol}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Bovino p
ara la Generacin de Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija.}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\
sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 { ....................................
................................................................................
sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.1.1 Costos del Biodigestor de Estirc
ol Bovino (Laguna Cubierta), Generador}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24
\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Elctrico a Biogs, Equipos Auxiliares y Accesorios. .......
................................ 66 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.1.2 Costos d
e las Obras Civiles e Instalaciones del Proyecto. .............................
.. 68 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\
slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.1.3 Costos de Materias Primas e Insumos.
............................................................. 68 }\par\pard\li16
charscalex100 {4.1.4 Costos de Mano de Obra Directa e Indirecta. ..............
.................................... 69 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.1.5 Cost
os de Mano de Obra para la Instalacin. .........................................
.......... 69 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0
\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.1.6 Inversin Total Requerida para e
l Proyecto. .................................................... 70 }\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\m
argbsxn453\pard\li9720\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {iv}\fs24\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.1.7 Costos Anual
es Proyectados. ...............................................................
............ 71 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\r
i0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.1.8 Costo Unitario del Biol (abo
no orgnico. ........................................................ 73 }\par\pa
cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.1.9 Ingresos Anuales Proyectados. ......................
................................................... 74 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex
100 {4.2 Estimacin de los Beneficios de la Instalacin del Biodigestor de Estircol}\
par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {Bovino para la Ge
neracin de Energa Elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija.}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 { 74 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.2.1 Estad
o de Prdidas y Ganancias. ......................................................
................ 74 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li16
00\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.2.2 Estado de Flujo de Fondo
s Econmico. ........................................................... 76 }\par
\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs
24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {4.2.3 Valor Actual Neto. .............................
.............................................................. 77 }\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs
24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {V.}\fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf1\f2\char
scalex100 {CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES. ....................................
........... 79 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {5.1 Conclusiones. ................
................................................................................
...... 79 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl306\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f2\charscalex100 {5.2 Recomendaciones. ..................
............................................................................. 81
}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {VI.-}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {BIBLIOGRAFA.
................................................................................
.............. 82 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn520\cols2\colno1\colw9773\colsr-0\colno2\col
w1666\pard\li4600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4600\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4600\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4600\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex
100\b {NDICE DE TABLAS }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla I-1 Hato ganadero
bovino, gestiones 2006 \uc1\u8211X 2012. .......................................
.. 1 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla I-2 Produccin de Biogs por tipo de residu
o animal. ..................................... 3 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\s
Tabla I-3 Cualidades principales Biogs. .........................................
......................... 4 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla I-5 Cantidad de
Estircol producido por tipo de animal. ................................ 4 }\par\
2\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla I-6 Estimacin de la produccin promedio de estircol. .
................................. 5 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {v }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex1
00 {III}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-1 Caractersticas y composicin del estircol bov
ino. ................................ 13 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\f
s22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-2 Composicin msica del
estircol bovino. .............................................. 13 }\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2
\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 {-3 Estimacin del estircol producido. .........................................
0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla III-4 Composicin molar del
biogs. ............................................................... 15 }\par\
2\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {-5 Datos climatolgicos del lugar. ....................................
........................... 16 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2
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l biogs. ........................................ 16 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213
{Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-7 Caracter
izacin del producto biogs de estircol bovino. ....................... 18 }\par\pard
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0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {-8 Composicin msica del biogs de estircol bovino. ..........................
... 19 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs2
2\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-9 Caracterizacin del biol de estircol bovino. ..........
f0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\c
f0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-10 Caracterizacin del bioso
l de estircol bovino. .................................... 21 }\par\pard\li1600\
rscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {11 Requerimiento Actual de la Lechera. ..........................................
sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla III-12 Demanda energtica futura
de la lechera. ............................................. 22 }\par\pard\li1600
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\ch

arscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
-13 Factores a evaluar en la matriz de localizacin del biodigestor. ........... 2
6 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0
\f2\charscalex100 {-14 Matriz de Localizacin del biodigestor dentro de la finca.
................... 29 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charsca
lex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-15 Factores a evaluar en la matriz de s
eleccin de proceso. ...................... 30 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla
}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-16 Matriz de sele
ccin del proceso para la obtencin de biogs. ............... 31 }\par\pard\li1600\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-17
Tuberas recomendadas. ..........................................................
.............. 35 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
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lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tab
la III-18 Datos del diagrama de flujo del proceso de biodigestin de estircol}\par
\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {vi}\fs24\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 { }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
6\margrsxn133\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {bovino
para la generacin de energa elctrica. .............................................
...... 38 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\
fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-19 Resultados finales del balance de materia en el b
iodigestor. ................. 42 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla III-20 Pode
r Calorfico de combustibles orgnicos. ........................................ 44
0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla III-21 Resumen del Balance de Energa. .......
.................................................. 46 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-2
00 {Tabla III-22 Comparacin Energa Elctrica Generada y Energa Elctrica Requerida.}\pa
r\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { ..................
................................................................................
............................ 47 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f
2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-23 Descripcin de las dimensione
s de la cmara de fermentacin. ........... 48 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla
}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-24 Descripcin biodi
gestor laguna cubierta con recorrido eficiente. ........ 53 }\par\pard\li1600\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {Tabla }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {III}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-2
5 Especificaciones del Biodigestor de Laguna Cubierta. ........................
56 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla III-26 Especificaciones bomba de extracc
in de lodos. .................................. 64 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{Tabla III-27 Especificaciones Medidor de Flujo de Biogs. ......................
0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla III-28 Especificaciones G
enerador a Biogs. .................................................. 65 }\par\pa
cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV-1 Detalle de Biodigestor de Estircol Bovino, Gener
ador Elctrico a Biogs,}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex

100 {equipos auxiliares y accesorios. .........................................
................................. 67 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV-2 De
talle de las Obras Civiles e Instalaciones. ...................................
....... 68 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl
-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV-3 Insumos Generales y Materias
Primas}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {. }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { ............
...................................... 69 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV
-4 Mano de Obra Directa e Indirecta. ..........................................
0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV-5 Mano de obra para la
instalacin. ........................................................... 70 }\pa
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV-6 Inversin Total Requerida. .................
.................................................... 71 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {Tabla IV-7 Costos Anuales proyectados. ..................................
f0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV-8 Cos
to Unitario del m}{\super \fs18\up4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 { de Biol producido. .............................................. 73
0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV-9 Ingresos Anuales Proyectados. ........
....................................................... 74 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {Tabla IV-10 Estado de Prdidas y Ganancias. ............................
.............................. 75 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
xn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
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fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {vii }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV11 Estado de Flujo de Fondos Econmico. .........................................
...... 76 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla IV-12 Flujo Econmico Actual. .....
................................................................. 78 }\par\pard\
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i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4533\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li4533\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {INDICE DE FIGURAS }\b0
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {viii }\par\
pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1
\charscalex100 {Figura 3-1 Vista satelital Finca La Compaa, Tarija. ..............
................................. 28 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figura 3-2 Es
quema general del proceso de biodigestin en la finca. ....................... 32
0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figura 3-3 Diagrama de flujo de proceso del biodig
estor tipo laguna cubierta. ........ 37 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figura 3-4
Diagrama de bloques del biodigestor de laguna cubierta. .......................
. 40 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figura 3-5 Sistema para el balance de energa.
.......................................................... 43 }\par\pard\li1600\
rscalex100 {Figura 3-6 Vista superior de la cmara de fermentacin del biodigestor d
e laguna }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {cubier

ta. ............................................................................
.................................... 48 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figura 3-7
Vista lateral de la cmara de fermentacin del biodigestor de laguna. .... 48 }\par
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figura 3-8 Vista lateral de la cmara de fermentacin ms la
cubierta del biodigestor.}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 { .....................................................................
......................................................... 50 }\par\pard\li1600\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {Figura 3-9 Esquema biodigestor laguna cubierta con recorrido eficient
e. ................ 52 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figura 3-10 Esquema biodige
stor laguna cubierta con recorrido eficiente para la}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-413
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {finca. ....................................
................................................................................
. 55 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figura 3-11 Cmara de alimentacin. ............
........................................................... 58 }\par\pard\li1600
arscalex100 {Figura 3-12 Distribucin del sistema. ..............................
......................................... 59 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Figur
a 3-13 Tubera de Alimentacin. ...................................................
................... 60 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\mar
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06\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213
\b {ANEXOS }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri
0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Anexo 1. Resumen de las caracterstic
as de las tecnologas de biodigestores. ......... }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-30
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {ix}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { }\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1600\
rscalex100 {Anexo 2. Comparacin estimada entre demanda energtica de la lechera y la
energa}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {que es po
sible generar con el biogs producido a partir de la materia prima }\par\pard\li16
00\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {disponible. ..................
................................................................................
................ }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\
ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Anexo 3. Tiempo de retencin hidruli
co THR. ........................................................ }\par\pard\li16
charscalex100 {Anexo 4. Construccin de un biodigestor de laguna cubierta con reco
rrido eficiente }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{en Colonia Pira, Santa Cruz-Bolivia, Jaime Mart Herrero PhD. 2013. ..............
..... }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
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sr-0\colno6\colw2320\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx3293\fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {Departamento }\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2006 }\par\column\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2007 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx960\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2008 }\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {2009 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex
100 {2010 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2
011 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2012 }\
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols
2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f2\charscalex100 {Tarija }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
2\charscalex100 {382990 392373 403202 413638 424694 435888 447082 }\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Fuente: Ministerio de Desarrol
lo Rural y Tierras, INE y FEGASACRUZ / Elaboracin: IBCE / (p) }\par\pard\li
1600\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Datos preliminares. 2012. }\
par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {En esta tabla se puede ver el nmero de cabezas de bov
inos hasta el ao 2012 en el }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {departamento de Tarija, la mayora pertenecen al chaco los dems al
valle central}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {d
onde parte importante corresponde a ganado lechero. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213
{En la provincia Jos Mara Avils, a pocos kilmetros de la capital Uriondo }\pa
r\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(aproximadamente 2
km) y a orillas del ro Camacho, se encuentra la finca \uc1\u8220XLa }\pa
r\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Compaa\uc1\u8221X do
nde actualmente la actividad principal es la produccin de leche con}\par\par
d\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {bovinos de raza Holnstei
n conocida comnmente como holando u holandesa. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {El propietario de la finca es el Sr. Santiago
Tumoine Blacud. La finca tiene una }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {extensin aproximada de 64 hectreas (ha) de las cuales alr
ededor de 21 ha se utilizan }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100 {para el cultivo destinado a la alimentacin del ganado que asciende a
un nmero de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {50.
}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Las instalacio
nes de la lechera en la finca cuentan con una mquina de ordeo y un}\par\pard\li1600
\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {tanque enfriador con una capac
idad de 600 litros, adems de 4 focos y dos toma }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {corrientes. El motor de la ordeadora es de 2 H
P (1,5 Kw) y la compresora del tanque }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {enfriador es de 1,5 HP. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgw
sxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240
\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn453\pard\li9760\ri0\sl306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {2 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213
{El lugar presenta problemas como energa elctrica deficiente, no se cuenta con
el}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {servicio de g
as natural y no se cuenta con un sistema de tratamiento de los desechos}\par\par
d\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {que genera la actividad
ganadera. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Las i
nstituciones y autoridades correspondientes no tienen planes a corto y mediano }
\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {plazo para la at
encin de dichas demandas. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 {El problema de la energa elctrica se debe a que la tensin no alca
nza los 220 V,}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
siendo en promedio 200 V y en horas de mayor consumo 180 V, esto puede ocasionar
}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {dao y/o prdida
de las mquinas dificultando el trabajo en la lechera. Las heces }\par\pard\li16
00\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {producidas por el ganado, al
carecer de un sistema de tratamiento, constituyen un }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\s
l-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {foco de contaminacin en la finca y sus
alrededores; ms an si se tiene proyectos de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ampliacin de la produccin lechera. }\par\pard\li1600\ri
0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {El propietario de la finca tiene pl
anes de aumentar el nmero de ganado y agregar un }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {sistema automtico de ordeo. Ambas cosas present
an inconvenientes por un lado }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2
\charscalex100 {aumentara la cantidad de estirco}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {l
}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {y por otro la implementacin de un sistema de }\
par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ordeo automtico se
dificulta porque la energa que llega a la zona es ineficiente y }\par\pard\li1600
\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {no satisface la demanda energti
ca del equipo, siendo mayor el riesgo de perder la }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-4
13\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {inversin que obtener beneficios. }\par\par
d\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {En este sentido el dueo d
e la finca desea instalar un biodigestor para el tratamiento }\par\pard\li1600\r
i0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de las heces y a la vez aprovechar
los productos obtenidos de este tratamiento. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Esta forma de tratamiento de residuos consiste en
introducir los residuos orgnicos,}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {en un biodigestor donde son digerido}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex1
00 {s }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(descomposicin) mediante un proceso de }\par
\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {fermentacin anaerobia
obtenindose dos productos principales: uno lquido el}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100\i {biol}\i0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{(abono lquido natural) y otro gaseoso el}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {biogs}
\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { (combustible). El biogs previamente }\par\pard\l
i1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {acondicionado puede ser in
troducido en un motor para la generacin de energa}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {elctrica y el}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i
{biol}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { puede destinarse a mejorar los suelos y
el cultivo de alimento para }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100 {el ganado reemplazando parte de los abonos qumicos haciendo un uso c
onjunto de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ambo
s segn requerimiento. Adems se extraen, de acuerdo al proceso, lodos del }\p
ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {biodigestor con me
nor contenido de agua (conocido como la parte slida). Algunos }\par\pard\li1600\r
i0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {autores diferencian este producto
del biol y lo llaman}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {biosol}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100 {. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

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3\margtsxn666\margbsxn506\cols2\colno1\colw9760\colsr-0\colno2\colw1680\pard\li1
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {1.1.1 A
ctividades que se realizan en la finca \uc1\u8220XLa Compaa\uc1\u8221X. }\b0 \par\
column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {3 }\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1600\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {En la finca se cultiva alfa, principalmente, luego avena y maz, actualmen
te se est }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {introd
uciendo gatton panic, una especie de pasto forrajero perteneciente a las}\pa
r\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {gramneas para divers
ificar la alimentacin del ganado. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {La}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { actividad principal es la lech
era con una produccin diaria entre 300 y 400 litros }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de leche, distribuida en dos ordeos uno en l
a maana y el segundo en horas de la }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {tarde. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\
charscalex100 {La leche es ordeada, filtrada y posteriormente almacenada di
rectamente en los }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 {cntaros ya que la entrega de la leche es casi inmediata, termina el ord
eo y es }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {llevada
a la ciudad de Tarija. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {Por esta razn a menos que surja algn inconveniente el tanque enfriador no
es usado }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {utili
zado con frecuencia. Y se trata de usarlo lo menos posible ya que debido a
la }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {energa elctri
ca deficiente el tanque puede sufrir daos importantes. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-2
00\b {1.1.2 Caractersticas del Biogs. }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {El biogs es
una mezcla de varios compuestos, donde predomina el metano }\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {conteniendo adems CO}\fs16\cf0\f
2\charscalex100 {2}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {, N}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2
}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {, SH}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2}\fs22\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {, agua, etc. en distintas proporciones y mltiples }\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {componentes en trazas. }\par\p
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla I-2 Produccin de Biogs por tipo de residuo animal. }\
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols
4\colno1\colw3840\colsr-0\colno2\colw2000\colsr-0\colno3\colw1453\colsr-0\colno4
\colw4146\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {Fuente de estircol }\b0 \par\column\pard\li38
6\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li386\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100\b {Masa de }\b0 \par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100\b {estircol de }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\chars
calex100\b {partida (kg/da) }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {Relacin }\b0 \par
\pard\li240\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {C/N }\b0 \par\colum
n\pard\li186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li186\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {Volumen de biogs }\b0 \par\pard\li133\ri0\sl-360\slmult
0 \*\tx1546\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {m}\b0 {\super \fs18\up4\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100\b {3}\b0 }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {/kg}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100\b {m}\b0 {\super \fs18\up4\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {3}\b0 }\fs24\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100\b {/da }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0\b {estircol }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\cols5\colno1\colw4373\colsr-0\colno2\colw1693\colsr-0\colno3\colw
1440\colsr-0\colno4\colw1400\colsr-0\colno5\colw2533\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-280\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Bovino }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Porcino }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
2\charscalex100 {Aves }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {Ovino }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Ca
prino }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Equino }\
par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Conejo }\par\pard
\li1600\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Excretas humanas }\par\co
lumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {10,00 }\par\pard\li
66\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2,25 }\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,18 }\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1,50 }\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\c
harscalex100 {2,00 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{10,00 }\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,35 }\par
\pard\li66\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,40 }\par\column\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {25:1 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
93\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {13:1 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {19:1 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\ch
arscalex100 {35:1 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
40:1 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {50:1 }\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {13:1 }\par\pard\li66\ri0\s
l-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {3:1 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,04 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,06 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {0,08 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,05
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,05 }\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,04 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280

\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,06 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,06 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {0,400 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {0,135 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,014
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,075 }\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,100 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-29
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,400 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {0,021 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\c
harscalex100 {0,025 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margls
xn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Fue
nte: Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y Alimentacin}\par\par
d\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(FAO). 2012. }\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sec
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3\margtsxn666\margbsxn466\pard\li9760\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {4 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\
ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {De acuerdo al tipo de residuo
animal (materia prima, sustrato) los volmenes de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {biogs que se obtienen por kg de estircol vara,
siendo el que mayor biogs produce }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {el estircol de aves seguido del porcino, ovino y bovino. }\par\
4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {El biogs se produce por fermentacin anaerobia por medio de
bacterias que da como}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {producto principal metano y no dixido de carbono como en el caso de
la }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {fermentacin a
erobia. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-32
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Este proceso de fermentacin se verifica
en un recinto cerrado denominado}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f2\charscalex100 {biodigestor ya que all ocurre la degradacin de la materia orgnic
a similar al sistema }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {digestivo. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\
ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Debido al contenido de metano (6
0%) del biogs puede aprovecharse para energa }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {trmica o para la generacin de energa elctrica y
por otro lado los efluentes y }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {residuos de dicho proceso pueden ser utilizarse como fertiliza
nte. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {La composicin, la energa envuelta en un m}{\s

uper \fs16\up4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {3}}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { de biogs,
la densidad y otras }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {caractersticas del biogs se muestran en las tablas siguientes: }\par\pard\l
i3786\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3786\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {Tabla I-3 Cualidades principales Biogs. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw7000\col
sr-0\colno2\colw4440\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2533\ri
0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Energa envuelta en 1 m}{\super \fs18
\up4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { de biogs }\par\pard\li
2533\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Capacidad Valor Calorfico }\p
ar\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Densidad biogs }\pa
r\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Temperatura de comb
ustin }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Presin dent
ro de un reactor de biogs }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 {Fuente: ZORG BIOGS. 2007. }\par\column\pard\li400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li400\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {6-6,5 kWh
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {4500-5600 kcal/m}{
\super \fs18\up4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1,16-1,27 kg/m3 }\par\pard\li373\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {650-750 C }\par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {0,05 atm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4106\colsr-0\colno2\colw7333\pard\li24
53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Composicin }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Contenido energtico }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
Tabla I-4 Propiedades del Biogs. }\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {55 \uc1\u8211X 70%
metano }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {30 \uc1
\u8211X 45% dixido de carbono }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\c
harscalex100 {Trazas de otros gases}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f2\charscalex100 {6,0 \uc1\u8211X 6,5 kWh/m}{\super \fs18\up4\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
xn133\cols2\colno1\colw5373\colsr-0\colno2\colw6066\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Equivalente de Combustible }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\
sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Lmite de Explosin }\par\pard\li1600\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Temperatura de ignicin }\par\pard\li1
\charscalex100 {Presin crtica }\par\column\pard\li386\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f2\charscalex100 {0,60 \uc1\u8211X 0,65 l petrleo/m}{\super \fs18\up4\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { biogs }\par\pard\li560\ri0\sl-320\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {6 \uc1\u8211X 12% de biogs en el aire }\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {650 750 C (con el contenido d
e metano}\par\pard\li1293\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {mencion
ado) }\par\pard\li1346\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {74 \uc1\u8
211X 88 atm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

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3\margtsxn666\margbsxn453\cols3\colno1\colw4946\colsr-0\colno2\colw4813\colsr-0\
colno3\colw1680\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li16
charscalex100 {Temperatura Crtica }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {Densidad normal }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f2\charscalex100 {Olor }\par\column\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-466\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {-82,5 C }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1,2 kg/m}{\super \fs18\up4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {3}}

\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Huevo podrido (el o
lor del biogs desulfurado es}\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {imperceptible) }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1
\charscalex100 {5 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Fuent
e: Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y Alimentacin}\par\p
ard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(FAO). 2012. }\par\par
d\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f2\charscalex100\b {1.1.3 Disponibilidad de Materia Prima en la Finca. }\b0 \
\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {De acuerdo con los datos de la siguiente tabla, que
indica los kg/da de estircol}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {producido por distintos tipos de animales, se estima la disponibilida
d de materia }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {pr
ima (estircol de ganado bovino) que se dispone en la finca para producir el biogs:
}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-320\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla I-5 Cantidad de Estircol producido por tipo
de animal. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw5373\colsr-0\colno2\colw1186\colsr-0\colno3\colw4880\p
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ESPECIE }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Cerdos }\par\pard\l
i3120\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Bovino }\par\pard\li3120\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Equinos }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-32
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Ovinos }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-333\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Aves }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f2\charscalex100 {Caprinos }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {PESO}\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {VIVO, kg }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {50 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f2\charscalex100 {400 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charsca
lex100 {450 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {45 }\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1,5 }\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {40 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {k
g }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ESTIRCOL/DA }\par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {4,5-6 }\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {25-40 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {12-16 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f2\charscalex100 {2,5 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {0,06 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {1,5 }\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\
li1600\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Fuente: Manual para la pro
duccin de biogs. Instituto de Ingeniera Rural, I.N.T.A.}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Castelar. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Con
los kg estircol/da que produce cada animal se puede sacar un promedio de la}\par\
pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {produccin de estircol p
ara ganado bovino }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { 3
2,5 como se muestra en la siguiente }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f2\charscalex100 {tabla: }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li2800\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Tabla I-6 Estimacin de
la produccin promedio de estircol. }\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Produccin de estirc
ol }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
\cols6\colno1\colw3880\colsr-0\colno2\colw1426\colsr-0\colno3\colw1560\colsr-0\c
olno4\colw1693\colsr-0\colno5\colw933\colsr-0\colno6\colw1946\pard\li1600\ri0\sl
-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ESPECIE Peso}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {kg }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {PROMEDIO}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmu

lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {kg Estircol/ }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {kg }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Estircol }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
xn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols7\colno1\colw3880\colsr-0\colno2\colw1426\co
lsr-0\colno3\colw1560\colsr-0\colno4\colw1026\colsr-0\colno5\colw666\colsr-0\col
no6\colw1333\colsr-0\colno7\colw1546\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2
\charscalex100 {vivo, kg }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1600\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx2786\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Bovinos }\tab \f
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {400 }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Estircol/d}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\
charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b
{25-40 }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
kg }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Estircol/da }\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {32,5 }\b0 \par\column
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Kg }\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {vivo*da }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {0,08 }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Peso }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {/100kg }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\c
harscalex100 {vivo*da }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0\b {8 }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
Peso }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
33\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Fuente: Elaboracin propia. 2014. }\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn533\pard\li
9760\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {6 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-2
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\c
harscalex100 {Los kg Estircol /100kg Peso vivo*da indican que por cada 100kg
de peso vivo}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {a
nimal (bovino) se producen 8 kg de estircol diario. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f2\chars
calex100\b {1.2}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {Diagnstico: Identificacin,
seleccin y caracterizacin del Problema. }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Los prin
cipales problemas que tiene actualmente la finca son el deficiente servicio de }
\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {energa elctrica pr
ovista por SETAR }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {y }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {la
contaminacin causada por la acumulacin}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f2\charscalex100 {del estircol producido por el ganado. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {En cuanto a la energa elctrica la tensin nunca es los 220V, siendo el mximo
200V }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {y en hor
as de mayor consumo llega hasta los 180V, esto dificulta el trabajo en la }
\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {lechera: ordeo de
las vacas y almacenamiento de la leche. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Si la tens
in es baja y no llega a los 220 V es un riesgo trabajar con mquinas y }\par\p
ard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {motores pues stos estn
diseados para trabajar con una tensin ptima de 220 V}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-400
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(200-240V) y a pesar de poder hacerlo con v
oltajes desde un 10% ms bajos que el}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f2\charscalex100 {menor voltaje, hasta un 10% de sobretensin con respecto al va
lor ms alto, trabajar}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex
100 {en condiciones extremas disminuye la vida til de la mquina y puede hasta arru
inarla }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {si la de
sviacin de la tensin es mayor. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {En el caso concreto d
el tanque de enfriamiento este requiere una mayor potencia al}\par\pard\li1600\r

i0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {accionarse y cuando se quiere uti
lizar se recurre a un generador a gasolina y ayuda }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {manual para impulsar el movimiento de las p
aletas del tanque porque caso contrario }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {no se puede encender el equipo. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {El segundo problema principal es la cantidad de estircol producido, su dis
posicin se}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {compli
ca por el nmero de ganado lo que ocasiona problemas a la finca y al }\par\p
ard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {medioambiente. En el c
aso de una ampliacin futura este perjuicio sera mayor al no}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\s
l-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {tener un sistema de tratamiento de res
iduos. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Actualmente el estircol se va removiendo de
los corrales segn sea necesario y se lo}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {amontona al aire libre sin ningn tratamiento ms que abono n
atural. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-32
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {En la lechera las aguas de lavado que arras
tran leche y estircol no tienen ningn tipo }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de tratamiento, son directamente conducidas a travs de
un canal abierto hacia el ro}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn520\pard\li9760\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {7 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {fuera de
la finca. Este canal emite malos olores que son claramente perceptibles al
}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {pasar por esta
parte de la finca. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {La granja tiene el ganado par
cialmente estabulado, y se tiene pensado construir un }\par\pard\li1600\ri0
\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {nuevo establo para mejorar las condi
ciones de crianza de los animales. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Las granjas mo
dernas tienen mnimamente el ganado estabulado, con un correcto }\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {manejo de los desechos manteni
endo a los animales secos, limpios y libres de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {estircol, agua estancada, y as darle a los anim
al}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {es}\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { un ambiente sano
y confortable, }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
disminuir problemas de salud animal (mastitis, etc.) y problemas de contamin
acin }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(generacin d
e olores y polvo con estircol, propagacin de pestes, parsitos, }\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {patgenos, etc.}\fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {).}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Para la
disposicin final del estircol existen varias opciones, entre las que destacan: }\
\*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 {Relleno Sanitario, }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \
fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Lagunas de oxidacin, }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f4\charscale
x100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Acumulacin directa (fuera, de
ntro del establo) para usar como acondicionador}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-426\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de suelos, }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f4\charscalex100
{\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Incineracin, }\par\pard\li1600\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0
\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Digestin anaerob
ia, }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-346\sl

mult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {Compostaje. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {La mayora de las granjas en
nuestro pas no tiene un sistema de tratamiento y la}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl
-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {disposicin final es simplemente la acumu
lacin directa }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {l estir
col para usarlo}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{luego como abono y las aguas de lavado son conducidas finalmente a cauces}\
par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {naturales. }\par\
4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Entre las alternativas mencionadas slo la incineracin y
digestin anaerobia }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {permiten la recuperacin de energa, la incineracin resulta costosa y por otro
lado la }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {digestin
anaerobia o tecnologa de biodigestores es una opcin que se ha estado }\par
\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {implementando en var
ias reas rurales de nuestro pas (Mart Herrero,2008). }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\
pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn533\pard\li9
760\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {8 }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-21
arscalex100 {La digestin anaerobia, como se explica en el apartado 1.1.2 permite
obtener biogs, }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {p
roducto gaseoso con un contenido de metano de alrededor de 60%, que es utilizado
}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {como combustib
le para la generacin de energa. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {En este contexto, pa
ra dar la solucin que exigen los problemas de disposicin final}\par\pard\li1600\ri
0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {del estircol y de energa elctrica q
ue impiden y frenan cualquier proyecto de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ampliacin y desarrollo de la granja lechera, el pre
sente estudio plantea, a peticin del}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f2\charscalex100 {dueo de la finca y un anlisis previo, lo siguiente: }\par\pard
\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx202
6\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {1.3}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {Plante
amiento Tcnico General del Proyecto. }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Analizar y
disear un biodigestor como parte de una planta de biogs que sirva de }\p
ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {sistema de tratami
ento de residuos y sistema propio de generacin de electricidad que }\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {satisfaga, en proyeccin futura
, los requerimientos energticos de la granja lechera; }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-4
00\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {requiera de una mnima inversin y sea
fcil de operar y de mantener. Que sea }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {confiable, econmico, aproveche recursos disponibles e
n la finca como el estircol}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {bovino y amigable con el medioambiente tratando adecuadamente el
estircol de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {mod
o que elimine o mitigue los impactos ambientales del estircol producido }\par
\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {actualmente y en un
futuro. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-32
0\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {1.4}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f2\chars
calex100\b {Justificacin del Proyecto }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {1.4.1 J
ustificacin tcnica.- }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {La implementacin de un siste
ma propio de generacin de energa elctrica a partir de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {biogs de estircol bovino permitira, adems de u
n tratamiento adecuado de los}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\
charscalex100 {desechos, aprovechar recursos disponibles en la finca para genera

r energa elctrica y }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 {abonos. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl
-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Con lo cual es posible aumentar la prod
uccin lechera, realizar las actividades de la }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {lechera sin problemas (ordeo y almacenamiento) y
adems poner en marcha }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {proyectos para modernizar la granja como la adquisicin de una ordeadora
}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {automtica. }\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margts
xn666\margbsxn426\cols2\colno1\colw9760\colsr-0\colno2\colw1680\pard\li1600\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {1.4.2 Justifica
cin econmica.- }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {9 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
xn133\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Un sistema de generacin elctrica a partir de biogs de
estircol bovino aprovecha }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {un recurso disponible en la finca (estircol bovino) generando electric
idad y abonos }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {n
aturales a la vez que trata los desechos generados evitando as el costo econmico d
e }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {un sistema ad
icional para el tratamiento de los desechos o para la generacin elctrica }\par\par
d\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {por separado. }\par\pard
\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f2\charscalex100 {Con el tratamiento a travs de un biodigestor se da valor al e
stircol porque se obtiene }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\chars
calex100 {biol (abono natural) y biogs (combustible). }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-21
0\b {1.4.3 Justificacin social.- }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Un sistema de
este tipo desaparece o minimiza los problemas con los vecinos, pues }\par\pard\l
i1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {botar desechos directament
e hacia el cauce de un ro o almacenarlos sin tratarlos }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\s
l-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {causa malos olores, contaminacin y p
uede convertirse en una fuente de parsitos}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {propagacin de pestes generacin de vectores, etc. }\p
fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {1.4.4 Justificacin ambiental.- }\b0 \par\pard\li1600
arscalex100 {El impacto ambiental de la actividad lechera se reduce grandemente
al contar con un}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{sistema de tratamiento del estircol producido por el ganado. Disminuyen agent
es }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {patgenos, mal
os olores, contaminacin del cauce del ro, polvo con estircol, etc. }\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sb
kpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn573\co
ls2\colno1\colw9653\colsr-0\colno2\colw1786\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\
sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {II.}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\
b {-}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO. }\b0 \par\pard
\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx202
6\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {2.1}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {Objeti
vo General. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {10}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
ghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Disear }\fs24\cf0\f2\
charscalex100 {el}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { biodigestor de estircol bovino,
para generacin de energa elctrica }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {en}\fs24\cf0\

f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex1
00 {finca L}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {a }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Compaa, Tar
ija. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {2.2}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100\b {Objetivos Especficos. }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u6
1623X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Caracterizar (Fsica, Qumica y Biolgicame
nte) y cuantificar la biomasa }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f2\charscalex100 {disponible (Estircol Bovino) para el proceso de biodigestin y
generacin de }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {e
nerga elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\u
c1\u61623X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Caracterizar y cuantificar el Prod
ucto Biogs de Estircol Bovino para la }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {generacin de energa elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. }\p
*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{Caracterizar los Productos biol y biosol del proceso de biodigestin para l
a}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {generacin de en
erga elctrica en Finca la Compaa, Tarija. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc
1\u61623X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Cuantificar la demanda (actual y
futura) de energa elctrica }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {en}\fs22\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 { Finca La }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale
x100 {Compaa, Tarija. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \f
s24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Determinar la Capacidad del Biodigestor de Estircol Bov
ino para la generacin}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex
100 {de energa elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f4\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Localizar el Biodigestor
de Estircol Bovino para la generacin de energa }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-426\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. }\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs
22\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Seleccion
ar el proceso de biodigestin de Estircol Bovino para la generacin de }\par\pard\li2
026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {energa elctrica en Finca La Com
paa, Tarija. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl
-333\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2
\charscalex100 {Elaborar el Diagrama de Flujo del proceso de biodigestin de Estir
col Bovino }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {para
la generacin de energa elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarija. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f4\
charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Realizar los balanc
es de Materia y Energa del proceso de biodigestin
de }\par\pard\li2026\ri
0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Estircol Bovino para la generacin de
energa elctrica en Finca La Compaa, }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
2\charscalex100 {Tarija. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn533\pard\li9653\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {11}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx2026\fs24\cf0
\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Disear y Dimensi
onar el Biodigestor de Estircol Bovino para la generacin de }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\
sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {energa elctrica en Finca La Compaa, Tarij
a. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-346\slm
ult0 \*\tx2026\fs22\cf0\f4\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f2\charsca
lex100 {Estimar el Costo de la Inversin, y los Beneficios de la Instalacin d
el }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Biodigestor

de Estircol Bovino para la generacin de energa elctrica en Finca }\par\pard\li2026\r
i0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {La Compaa, Tarija.}\fs24\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {\uc1\u8221X.}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-21
0\b {III.}\b0 \fs24\cf2\f2\charscalex100\b {- INGENIERIA DEL PROYECTO.-}\b0 \fs2
4\cf2\f2\charscalex100\b {( }\b0 \fs24\cf2\f2\charscalex100\b {CONTINUACION DEL
TRABAJO) }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\
sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf2\f2\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\u
c1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\
u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u82
30X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X
\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc1\u8230X\uc
1\u8230X }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\
sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {VI.- BIBLIOGRAFA. }\b0 \par\pard\li1
\charscalex100\b {[1] Ulrich, G. D., (1986).}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i
{Diseo y Economa de los Procesos de Ingeniera Qumica}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 {.}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Editorial I
nteramericana S.A.DEC.V. Continental. Mxico.D.F. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {
[2] Perry, J.H., (1963)}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100\i {Chemical Engineers Handbook}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {.Editoria
l McGraw Hill Book}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 {Company Inc., 4 Ed. New York, }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {[3] Mart Herrero,
Jaime. (2013)}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i
{\uc1\u8220XDesarrollo, difusin e implementacin de }\i0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-4
13\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {tecnologas apropiadas: Biodigestores en
Bolivia\uc1\u8221X.}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { EnDev-Bolivia GIZ yCIMNE.}\
par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Bolivia. ISBN: 97
8-99974-810-2-3.}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {[4] Proyecto de grado o trabajo
dirigido: }\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0
\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {Lara, Edwin e Hidalgo, Mara Beln. (2
011).}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Diseo de un Biorreactor y}\i0 \par\pard\l
i1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Conduccin del biogs generad
o por las excretas de ganado vacuno, estacin}\i0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {TUNSHI-ESPOCH}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {
. Tesis de Grado (Licenciado en Ing. en Biotecnologa Ambiental).}\par\pard\li1600
\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Escuela Superior Politcnica de Ch
imborazo Facultad de Ciencias, Escuelas de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Ciencias Qumicas. Riobamba (Ecuador).}\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\c
harscalex100\b {[5] Direccin de TURISMO Gobernacin del Departamento de Tarija}\b0
\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Tarija }\i0 \par\
pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Datos Generales}\i0
\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {. Fecha de consulta 01 de abril de 2014, de:}\par\p
ard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf3\f2\charscalex100\ul {{\field{\*\fldinst{
HYPERLINK "http://www.turismo.tarija.gob.bo/tarija/datos-generales.html"}}{\fldr
slt {http://www.turismo.tarija.gob.bo/tarija/datos-generales.html}}}}\ul0 \fs24\
cf0\f2\charscalex100 {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.turismo.tarija.go
b.bo/tarija/datos-generales.html"}}{\fldrslt { }}}}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b
{[6] Ambientum.com.}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Suelos y residuos Tipo
s de Fermentacin}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {. Fecha de consulta 02}\par\pard
\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de abril de 2014, de:}\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margts
xn666\margbsxn613\pard\li9653\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {12}
\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\

8\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf3\f2\charscalex100\ul {{\field{
\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.ambientum.com/enciclopedia_medioambiental/suelo
s/tipos_de_fermentacion.asp"}}{\fldrslt {http://www.ambientum.com/enciclopedia_m
edioambiental/suelos/tipos_de_fermenta}}}}\ul0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf3\f2\charscalex100\ul {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.ambie
ntum.com/enciclopedia_medioambiental/suelos/tipos_de_fermentacion.asp"}}{\fldrsl
t {cion.asp}}}}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "ht
tp://www.ambientum.com/enciclopedia_medioambiental/suelos/tipos_de_fermentacion.
asp"}}{\fldrslt { }}}}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {[7] ZORG BIOGAS. (2007).}\b
0 { }\fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Produccin de Biogs}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f2\charscalex1
00 {. Fecha de consulta 02 de abril de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2014, de:}{ }\fs24\cf3\f2\charscalex100\ul {{\field{\*\f
ldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.zorg-biogas.com/biogas-plants/biogas-out?lang=es"}}
{\fldrslt {http://www.zorg-biogas.com/biogas-plants/biogas-out?lang=es}}}}\ul0 \
fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.zorg-biogas.
com/biogas-plants/biogas-out?lang=es"}}{\fldrslt { }}}}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-2
00\b {[8] Guevara Vera, Antonio. (1996).}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Funda
mentos Bsicos para el Diseo de }\i0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f2\charscalex100\i {Biodigestores Anaerbicos Rurales}\i0 { }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {[libro en lnea]. (Centro Panamericano de }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Ingeniera Sanitaria y Ciencias del Ambiente Divis
in de Salud y Ambiente). Fecha }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\
charscalex100 {de consulta 30 de marzo de 2014. Disponible en:}\par\pard\li1600\
ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf3\f2\charscalex100\ul {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "
http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/scan2/031042/031042.pdf"}}{\fldrslt {http://www
.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/scan2/031042/031042.pdf}}}}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/scan2/031042/0
31042.pdf"}}{\fldrslt { }}}}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li1600\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {[9] Instituto de Inge
niera Rural Unidad Tcnica del Proyecto Panam \uc1\u8211X Darin. }\b0 \par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {(2005, Junio 06).}\b0 \fs24\c
f0\f2\charscalex100\i {Repblica de Panam - Proyecto de Desarrollo Integrado de la}
\i0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Regin Orien
tal de Panam \uc1\u8211X Darin}\i0 { }\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {[libro en lnea].
Fecha de consulta 30 de marzo}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\c
harscalex100 {de 2014. Disponible en:}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\
cf3\f2\charscalex100\ul {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.oas.org/dsd/pu
blications/Unit/oea30s/begin.htm#Contents"}}{\fldrslt {http://www.oas.org/dsd/pu
blications/Unit/oea30s/begin.htm#Contents}}}}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {{\
field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/Unit/oea30s/begi
n.htm#Contents"}}{\fldrslt { }}}}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {[10}\b0 \fs24\cf
0\f2\charscalex100\b {] }\b0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {A. M. Sc. Jorge A. Hi
lbert, I.N.T.A. \uc1\u8211X Castelar}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs24\
cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Manual para la produccin de}\i0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-4
13\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {biogs Sustantiva}\i0 { }\fs24\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {[libro en lnea]}\fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {.}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f2\c
harscalex100 {Fecha de consulta 26 de abril de 2014. Disponible }\par\pard\li160
0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {en:}{ }\fs24\cf3\f2\charscalex1
00\ul {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://inta.gob.ar/documentos/manual-para-l
a-produccion-de-biogas/at_multi_download/file/Manual%20para%20la%20producci%C3%B
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\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {en lnea]. Fecha de consulta 30 de
mayo de 2014. Disponible en:}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf3\f2\c
harscalex100\ul {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.snvworld.org/download/
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rama nacional de biogs domstico en Bolivia }\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {[libro
en lnea]. Fecha de consulta}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {1 de junio de 2014. Disponible en:}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmul
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ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de 2014. Disponibl
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{[18] Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y Alimentacin }\b0 \p
ar\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\b {(FAO). (2012).}\
b0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100\i {Biodigestores y biogs}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscale
x100\b \i {.}\b0 \i0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 { [Presentacin en lnea].Fecha de c
onsulta 27}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {de ab
ril de 2014. Disponible en:}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf3\f2\cha
rscalex100\ul {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://www.rlc.fao.org/fileadmin/co
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Rural, Pesca y}\b0 \par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex1
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1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf3\f2\charscalex100\ul {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERL
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{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

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{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}