Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
.
From THE COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF ARABS PRIOR TO ISLAM VI,
Sections 79-82, pp. 582-690.
!
" #$
DR. JAWD ALI
2
*
#3>47 *%
!",0)1
!" %Q
Nazerenes #,Q7 06U TH1) 50" S Nasraya ("0,)
*B 0 < .N"
!," A)%Q ->: #"
.Ency. , III, p. 848 (
)
#
7 "60V
H1) 50) .S#"
->: !"$ ( 0
:7) *B "
#1
*B
) !> #
F 7 7 (W0,
O ") :3" 9" (O ") #, $ *%
(+0,
)) !2 >
*3) < .+0,%
!"#"
!"3
P0
5. Nasarenes = Nazarenes (""0,
)
U03
*B !>$
0 -,1
I#) (50,
) N"
!," A)%Q ->: 3>4" #"
.">
,: N"
!,"
2>: !",0,
0 ,8 &"0$
")< *8 #>7 *B !>$
ZI8 -,1 *B
0U ""( Y !X>
>1
/8I < .(
2 7 #
B01" [ *%
!)"0X
>$
*B &#,: !B01
!B
?
0" %
-
. !) , #,7 &#, H1) &: .N"
#"
/ ,\ *%
+0,
-
. !) , #,7 -
. &#E1)
.^*,0,
01@
*B 7 .!" %
ZI8 C"B 0 0@, *>8 _, ->: ` -% 0G:7 &
:")
I8 *B &80$I >
*)7 ) !"7 0$\I 3B "0E6
01@ *B *>8
:8 C
01@ *B 50,
0$I 2">8 20:@
F 7 0$I
2 /" 01 %* ,+
*$ # $&+, .
-
& 3 (& % 45
(> &$ ?2 (" ,1 @$ %&4 62 > &2$ A>B C1 <
; 9: :6 67!
.Ency. Relig. Ethic. , III, p. 574 ( +D & $ $) 01
.( ) (G /J) H$ + I, (G /) (
.(M; ) 04K L& 4
N, L&2! )
! &2!$ L 5 ,)1
.( ) (GP /J) H$ + I, 3 O&$ $ ( ) (G /) (
.(M ) 6$Q 0R ST2 0R "&U$ U
2
3
4
:< F , ) 0)
F 7 0$I\
M
(
V ! S " L7T &#$
:C
01@ *B < *=4
Q
2%
F 7
O &$
Y (" +! LT$
:< )G )
F 7
;
&$$ R 3 L 1
01@
*8 23 "">8
01@
#,7 N c. #
G7 "); ZI8
F 7 0"b
C) F " /01
$ ) &>: ,
">B J
I )< 7 .&( Y ")< "< WI
06?%
." % 50,
3" ,$ &# ,7 : G%" ,$ ," 50,
< 7 CB01, WI
&>1 -
. &#%0K, N"
-
. 0K," ,$ &#,7 J
I (N"
I"(%) Disciples (I"(%)
ZI8 .50,
J
I) < (," I"(%) 0B C""0 -
. 0K, J
I$ &#>1"
.&# ,7 : 0")1%>
50,
#>1% *%
0")1%
&<7 0")1%
Brethren in (D *B +6[) ) (+6[) ) &#%: 50,
< : J
I$
0
: 0")1%>
(d;) ) !:
->: !
[>
Lord
(MP) a S +D (
MM ) 6$Q 0R ST2 0R "&U$
.(&+" $ G
) MP; +" _ D
.(
MM) 6$Q 0R ST2 0R "&U$ (M;/MG) 0
Q
.(&+" $ G
) MP; +" _ D
.(
;) ( ($&
5
2
3
4
Hastings, p. 192.
J
"0%6
^",V
]Saints (" "3
) &# ,7 : ."
0) (d;) !>$
.#">% *%
!" %
-
. +0@e
0 ,. !">: $% &
#,7 0#K" "F :
";
!"3"0bY *B (A
) *,1% Ecclesia (! ",$
) ) 50,
A% : -,$ <
!1)%
!:
: ",V
: #) -,$B .,4
C"B A%" WI
-,1)
.5 (
<;) ) (
03
) ) 50,
: 0): $ .N" >
(N"
) *,1% *%
!",,"
Christos -
. !2 ) , Christians ) 50,
f0: <
8 O " .0%6
/1@
_(6 &%" C"" ->: WI
_>6
0K%,
cW7 Messiah
&#
"< J
I
C:)%7 +"3: *B
$ _(6>
WI
_>6
0K%,
W7 N"
0 < .#"
: &#
2""% #) B0:
!",,"
!K>
&#">: 3>4?B .N"
O)%7
.%,0$ 87 -
. -
;
) !
0 *B 0
:7 *B !>$
7 , I#
.; !",,"
!K>
ZI8 0% &>B 0)6; *B &"0$
U03
*B 7
&#
2""% 50,
->: (!",0,) (*,0,) (50,) P(4. ->: 0%< !")01
!")01
V
*B B01" &>B (*" ) (W ":) N>4 7 .506; "; 87 :
#B *>8
01@
*B !"3
1
Hastings, p. 104.
.Ency. Reli. Ethic. , 3, p. 573 &+" $ M < 6$Q 9: 6 67!
.&+" $Q < 6$Q 9: H$, $) 6! B $Q 6$ H$"
a< 6$Q 9: H1! 6! B 6$ H$" M; < H5 9: :6 67!
.&+" $ $Q
5
Ency. Reli. Ethic. , 3, p. 574 .
6a! B $Q H$"
<
G 9:
G < : D7 b& 9: :6 67!
.Hastings, p. 127 MG < ?" 9: :H, $)
;
2
3
4
87) ) &"0$
U03
*B < < .S50,
->: 3>47 *%
+06?%
>4
*B !K>
!X>
>: 67 < .",Y) #"
f0%1" [ I. 50,
(",Y
.3)01
.5!",0,
:!0F
WI 01@ *B 0
G
*B 0",6
&
&#>$7 *B ">
: >%6" &#B ; *B 50, &#,Q 7 "0"
.06
&#)0@
C"
/ ," 01@ *B C) f>" (" ) W:) I8 ./">
) 50,
& <7 B
:3"B
./01
+0" -
. !",0,
C"B >6 WI
""1% ,%:4% *B "
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
*B $; ZI8 *B 80@%,[ g"0?% ")G% $
">B J
I
.O,<(
!"B$
[ J@
)3" [ C) #">: f<>
!)%$
PGG
&<7 : h"%%
[
Q . ,
"
0E
.1)
$ C,: +"1) !41
$% 7 /" *>: 9) &7 , ."?%
!",0,
6
F iB +0%
+0#
) /01
+0" >6 < !"#"
,$ I
",
I> : ""1) #"B h"1>
#"
)80
J ,
H1) 6) 0"@)%
) $ #"
.+0E !B3G I ,$ 04<7 0%
H"); P"<0
" [ P"<0
) +0%
)
; J
I 9% &>B "0)
7 "
7
-
. #" +0#$ !",0, +08 7
!" 0 !," 0 &G j"0%
) "",
&0
!"040). *B 0@%, !",0,
-
. 04E%
J,8 !"><7 !",0,
k K% &>B &#
1E6 *%
/1@>
&0
+0"3>
G
.SZ
*%
$ " "3
-
. !) ,
1
ZI8 G7 : _< ! ",$
g"0% *B
,$ #,7 ->: #,0$I" (&] !, ,
) (W1
1 ) "3
-
. 8) ,
0"G$ 6 &80,% E) !",0,
-
. =)3
0; : !"8 *B 2))
.^0)
87 !@": =)3
A !")
*B @"1" ,$ &#,; +0$I
.&#
&#%
) 50,
0%
) &#
%) !",0,
) /01
,7 6 <
-
. &?@
0% &3B ,) C
$ ("
)7) C
3" 0,; (
2 0 7 W0
-
. 8:B "
*)7 ,) &8%7 10" 7 07 :) >B "
>" !,"
. &?@
-
. 10B 0,%B !",0,
P"<0
+0% *8 m06
+0% !:E) A /01
+0" !",0,
>6
!"
: P 7 &#%:E) 0% " !)0
!#
+
ZI8 0% $ 3B c" ,
&0F
*%"040). +0%
!:E)
*8 8(b7 !:E)
ZI8 G7 $
!>%6
+0%
O,; : #) % +0"G$ "
0
.(; J
) $5D H$" H +$ H 4 [0,) 01 O $&
.(&+" $ M /M) "&U$
.(&+" $ J;; ) (MPP) >U ST2 O D7 R :_ D
.(J /M)
.(&+" $
/J) 0"/ 4, (M /J) b "/ 4,
1
2
3
4
5
&G 3%[
) %
*
X
O,
#, $ 3B .(
2 G !"3"0B.
">3
F"0
.!"3"0B. 87 &8 #B01" [ :?) &"3
) 0$%)[)
" [ 80G$7 $ < ./01
&" : [; #7 0 ",0
"3>
9%%
8V 7 >6 #,") .!",0,
->: &( Y 0#K ")<
.C">:
F $ WI
"
: &1
*B #
7 : "; &81)
/01
+0" 5067 AE *B /0G" *B f=4
*B !$ *B $ <
&#">: _3" ",; +0%
*B
,>
0 " /%$" 703" $ *,0, P"<0
*B /01
H1) O,<. $% &#, !",0,
: &#"
. 9%" 2",0, 2<
&8,: #"70 C !",G
: Z1)?B &#E1) ->: 0G7 &#, !",0,
*B 6
*B P
F 7 0" c"%,"
07 J@ *B 3)B &#," *B &#
6. *B >" &
&#,$
.S">
>K *B B3
!"#
C"B 0"$%
D +): -
. O43, +): +>6 ") *8 +0"; ZI8 ,$ <
,1
4 I .W)
!"3
AE
*B -% 0@%, < .+: 0@, 0"@)% 4
=,$
60V 7 0)6; 87 C> #"B /%$
1
. &6
b d,% N">
0#) jI
0@,
;) &8 &#">: Pb[ "0@)
0. m06
*B #:)%7 ") !",0,
P",7 *,B 04 ->: !>"
!6
=,$
,)
!>1
) 0"@)%>
/%$ " ?% +:
">
7 01@%B &#
3: 0#)% J
I) .&#,") "
I#) 0@)" ") f01 0"b "
&6B7 Z)1 7 &#," *B "
" "
.(
M) 4 _f7Q (JM /;) g d,$ S&" (G
M) N +
.(
/M) 0"$ +
P
1
2
0G7 !66
!0#)>
.#"
%?" J
I) .&#," 0 -<07 C," 0 &8)1
C) &< $" < .31
&3 &3% 0@)
0G$7 ,: "1
B ,
0"G$ *B &"K:
#@0B *B #>"% #3"% *B &#,,% #"B !"K1
=,$
@,. "
*B h);
.<7 ->: (
2 "
0)6; 87 &:" $ !)1$
: ,
f0
h0
h"0
06B?)
.P01
&?@
!") /0: &?@
() /0: ") (
2 ") #
!",0,
<
+0"
&8: $ .!",0,
P,%: *B J
I) &#">: 0"G?%>
&#%
1
&#"
"<I
"
0 0)$) %[ # =,$ +8@) &#
3: 0#)Y #
1 +8@
!1
*B >6 . +:
!,1
= f>%6 &#
0#K7 .!",0,
7 &#">1%
#"B
."
*B &0>
2,6. 0B !",0,
*B &8>67 J
I) &#%,"
0B !,"
ZI8 *B &#
1)%
/01
&$
=)3
6 &1,
! ",$
!
6 !"<0@ !",0, I67 ) &0
!",0, I6?" &
&#,$
50,
!",0,
->: 206 (!3408) : !",0, *8 .&#
2)8I 83,%:B (!",4,4 3
)
+0G?% !",0, .&0
0K, *B (!" $IG0;) !"
.( + (&!) (
/M) 0"$ +
P
I#
"
*B *<0@
0"$%
%), -,; P0@
/1@ !">31) !"<0@
!)0%
)
/1@ ,: &0
,: [
2 )<. #
% &
#,") 0@%,B /1@
ZI8 !">3: #) 0G?%
0=$7 +0%
W7 &"3
#1
! 0 ->: #B$: #%" !> $ .!)07
.S",; ! 0 ->: #B$:
/8I
7 !")31"
!",0,
*8 &?@
() /0: ") :@ *%
!",0,
C,: 1B C
)1% !, X
07 C3,%: /8I 8 .N7 0")1%) *)31"
(!>) ) 90
) 7 (
2 G &:B .C,: /I
*B &?@
() *B !",4,4 3
*B "
0
(&^ ) (&0B J0"04)
) A C
0 +0K, *B />X% (50,
/01
J>)
Z< < (""$>
) /8I ->: 8 &0B $ .C) *B CB7 (J0"04)
) ->:
(90
) 0I,
) -
. ) , .C)8I *B 6
(*%""B,
) /8I
J0%) C:,<[
!",0,
/8I !, X
C">: $ 5I
/8I
W7 (!"%""B,
) : 2"@ 2:B
(""%""B,
) ->: C#% ->: !",4,4 3
*B 8 (" J0"04)
) /,7 C,7 0$I
) ("0)"4) 0"3
) % 0"3
/8I C)8I ") /"03%
*B Z# :
6 *B 0Be
!"0
J0% !",0,
/8I
") N %
a0 9) ->: 1"
(&
.*,0,
8"0" ! ",$ !"7 *B +(
C,"0" WI
/8I
,$ !, X
)< &?@
/0: &$
%" ,$ "I
!:E
H1) 7 0#K"
.,$ !",0,
/8I /8I W7 ->: &$, 7 A"4% ,[ ,,7 0"b .!",0,
" ->:
7 J
I )80
7 " ->: 0,% !:E
(&1E) 8 ($) 7 0$IB
2
C)#" 7 D -
. O0E% /80
I8 Z
B 0$I
-
. 2#>% $ "=0
I8
.]C%>")< C%1)% F 1% C
D /% >B 20$I
.(&+" $ GM ) MPJG >U a 0R ($) ($RfR$ +" _ D
.(J /M)
PM
2
3
83% *%
0
&87 (!B0
) *B ("0 ) "3
#@ $ <
&"3%) !, X
J> H1) C"
. /03% < ./>X% C, X
G &?@
/0: +0,%
2)03% C
2"0$% #"0#) !,"
)
,%:[) C%0") C,""%) C"
. 0I,
"#
>1 "@ "3
I8 ")>X%
F : < .&( Y *B + 23 0
I8 K C"
.S0,
) 2,"% 2$0)% /">
A #,>" ,$ /0
*B  8> !"0 C
&#
, 7 I &"< I, I8 #B04 *B <7 .d,%
("0 ,<) 0E $
&> ?B &( Y -
. &8: !,"
(+"): )7) 0 >B .0,% #B04 *B
, .&?@
)
*4 0=@: "0 ,< f04 *B $ J
I$ .N"> ,) !",0,
->: &<7 &#E1)
,: <?B &#<0% :% &#,") "B 1< *%
/0
0G7 ->: !">8
*B #)
,
.$
I8 -
.
*%
506; !")01
=)3
A "0 ,<
/01
2B,7 A" (/> 0E) -:" 0E (/>) !," /03) $
->: C," ->: &#,
3)
FEB N
!,"
-
. (+"): )7)
>B .&80"b d,%
.]1) "B &#, 0"G$
&> 7 &G !"
.^&0
) #
%[ &?@
() *B #
,
J
I +,$ &< d,% N"> b 0,%
:6/5Q 6#
+# $ H2 $
a7 T$ (> $5
P
2
3
4
1E6B &?@
() &#, &< $ +0"
(".) &< $ <
#,: >
!")01
>: I6?" &
*%
=)3
!> *B &8 .0,% &0>
!, X>
.S"
!B3G
J$%[ 4)0
!,
!>)3
(^]) !, ) 260V 7p0"< 2, &?@
50, 0 ,
J0% <
I ",) >K 0) "0@ , :#"B
0
(" : +"1) 0"b *8 (">
()
1) 40
I ,) &
K ) "0@ ,7 W7 &1) 0)"6 1) ^] , 40
_,
8 I. !"X>
!",
!"K: !"87 I Z0< ->: 8 . &1) (0)"6)
&>:7 ->: 8 .&"0$
U03
#) , *%
!#>
) 2)%$ ,"
WI
"
*>8
*%
506; _,
B &>$%
!X") 2)%$ ,"
. WI
2E"7 "
*>8
_,
2E"7 8 ./=X
0"E) #>$ !,F !")01
#>
f>%6) !)%$
,"
. >
.&?@
() *B &81)
/01
50,
#$0% *%
!>">3
!")01
_,
->: !","
f41
&# , *B 0G7 ?) +0,%
/
o 01
&0
X% <
0b7 #, ""4,")
04 &?@
() N%B ->: >
&: ," ">
*8 !"6@
N
.&#), -
. 0B &80%@ -% :
) "#
)
) =)3
&#"
E,B !> &8,: 8>1% [ =)3
,: !> $ PB
 )0 . b &0
A )0 *%
!")01
=)3
ZI8 . /0%
&#>=)3)
&#"; ) !>)) &# "=0 $ &0
f *B ,$ J0"
&" *B .+": J01 *B
!)01% 70 ->: $ .">
!)0
<08 C> 07 WI
h"
!3 *B (*, X
.">
E 5067 /0 *B &0
A J0%@ < .&I &6
b &?@
03#3%
.">
)0 *%
+0,%
!")01
=)3
!> *B (N"> ) ,$
!> *B &I &6
!>: ,$ J
I$ .&#,") &#K%[ !"
1B #, &0
A ,$ .&#%0U &0
: *%
+0,%
=)3
.(M
;) (M /M) T
.(.$", $) (M;) 9$,1 b >f"
PJ
1
2
7 &#
")% -% &#,"V" &#), -
. >K .S (J)%) -
. 0
* " (
2 G &0
&E, !> *B E, I=,: &0
< &=#
7 "> >
% < 0,
.&0
!)0
">
-
. /01
+0,%
&8". 0"3
m06[ #, A : &G #) "3) &0
() -
. (".) , <
.^,
*B &#,6 -
. E, +0"
&?@
()
,B
P01
*B !",0,
0@%,[ 50,
) &#$$%[ P01
/
0:
[V8 *>"
*B $% &
!",0,
7 5067 !," ,$ 043
I#
"$
!," 7 &b0
)
I. C"B ,
6 &##" $" &
&#,") 0@)" ,$" &
0
7 0"b .0
!>
"7 0?) &%8[ : !$
f0 I8 &#) !6 !," !"
:
1%)[ -
. :% #% " A H01%% #% I [
Q . # ,
,)7 0"b #
"1E6
% &
I#
&0>
!1"@%
!",0,
$% &
#"B 0@%, *%
!",0,
. &G .#,:
#%< c. #,: 0K,
EXB 046;) #% " #" !",
ZI8 !",
!
! ",$
60V /%$ &#"
0@7 #"B ">6
1) #$> J%B #%#4E 200
." "3
#@
: "0% *B
P;
1
2
3
4
5
: (0I,
) : Z0$I WI
$ .! ",$
*60V H1) J
I -
. 0@7 $ =,$
0#K" I. 9"0%
F ) [ &: C) J
I 00<. A"4% , [ ,,7 0"b .(0I,
) 1,
)
*B >6 < !, X
J> 0"G$ $ I. .!",G
->: ,$ +0"
J> 0G$7 7
() + &8 &0
$ 3B .+0"
J> f0K : f>%6% &#B0K iB !",0,
ZI#
$ I#
#
1 " !",0,
0@%, 1@" ,$ !,"
ZI8 ->: &?@
()
&#$ !1")4) &#) &= % ->: &8 &0
/7 !, X
*B 0G7 ! "
E) 0@%, ,. !$>
!" 0 !," !,"
ZI8 $% &>B P01
*B 7 .&?@
!$
4XE% &
.J>
") 0@%,% &
/1@
") 0@%, I#
"0@)
*#B #"B ">6 &# ,7 ,$" &
*%
!,"
ZI8 *B 6>
+0"
J> ->: !",
[ 80@%, OE &##" [ 80@%, OE &#",1" [ !)"0b !," &#"
. !BEY)
.P01
*B &#$ H01%% [ #,?@ &##"
*,)) 8 !",0,
->: $ (*,)"@
!")< )
-,8) $ <
C< & ) ("
)
6) HB !> *B $ ."
I8 ->: 8 ()"@
."> >
!"
AB ->:
&#, f0: < .= ) 0$) =)< &"
) : ,) P01
+0,%
)
6) )0 < .0< WI !$01 *B &8 WI
(*>1
0" ) !)>1G ) !>K,)
.0) ) 0)7 !"7 *,) &"7 *B #, $ . ; ): 0") ) 0) 8=< $ ("
S
G !"0%
:; *B h"0< +0 A $0%@ 50, +0 +0"
*B $
$ !,"
->: 23 7 Z)7 $ +0"
50, +0 8 (*6,%
W: ) /1$)
+0% *B (/Q46
) 0:) A !">8
*B +0%
*B !$0@ C
+0%
-41%" 8
*B &> ?B 0
570 *),
-
. +0"
87 B *B !,"
&< C
(2"3:) $ )
!"0 ->: &( Y ->: )G 0
*B%
.5067 !"0 *B &> " &
!"0
*B 2> Z0"
.(MJG) (&+" $ ;G/MJ) 0
Q
P
!
0 *B (0$) )7) C# (0$) )7) C> 07 WI
!"
h" *B J0%@ . 0
&"7
S
+0"
C>7 ">". 0 G "
0 2: +0"
!," 067 <
0 "3
1,
J>
+0"@: +0"
/0: 8 O@", , "3
-E7 WI
1@ &^S &: P">G
P A 0E WI
(O@8) ],"
(">") (P<7) A 0E WI
1@ &^ !, 31, WI
([)#") A :7
&^ !, /% WI
(W 0%) (W)) A &^ !, *B -E7 & ^ !, 31,
(*,0; /":@"7) A 0E < (f ") (&0B) (O@"
) E P">G
W 0,
->:^ !, *B A)0
1,
J>
0F , WI
0) ) 1@ & !, 31, WI
.^! ",$
60V Z0$I"
=,$
-
. 0)6; 87 0@7 +0"
/=06 *B =,$ 0GU ->: 0G: <
7 +0"
) ,$ +0"; :
7 (W
<") 0$I .+0"
*B +0"; A")
+0"
*,) (aFE ) 0") +0"
08K) (PF0) ) 0") :#, !")
) #B04?)
*8 f< ; 0"
.(;
# ) (
/J) ":
.(&+" $ J
) +$ H 4 [0,) 01 O $&
.(;) O $&
.(
/
) D b&!
5
W. Smith, A Dictionary, II, p. 370, John of Ephesus, Eccl. Histo. , II, 40 ff.
PG
1
2
3
4
+0"
) 8 $ ; 0" 0"X
0#, #%0E) !B$
08K f,
) ,$ +0"7 !>
0:; 0" . &#">: 0 "E" )80 C"B $"8 *
(< C"B f,
->: /$0
*,) 0" ". ) 08 ) !BI *,) 0:; C
3" ". ) 0 Z,) !B$
08K)
*)7 ) !>K, -
. / , !>K, 0" J(; 0 AE ,: +0"
08K) ,"0
$ *=4
(") *)7) 480 $ !")< ) ". &: &8 1,
)
0:
q>) &#," C3B -% 50,
A +0"
, C< P0B 0,% &G !">8
01@
+0"
) !>K, 0" .S -% /80% 0"
I8 8 C ) f0:
20" -,) C%"#,
0I,
Z,) J
I$ +Q 0"
) 8 !, 0" !3>: " N"
): ) !>K, -
. / , 8
) 7 *,)
&=3
- % /<0
$ !"
: +0, C>)3% A4 ,) &#
3" d,% &3
N"
): 0"
@
0" Z,:
%" +0"
08K)
0" 0: ) 0:
+0"
) !3>: 0" !>"3) ) 0: ) N"
): Z,) !:0
AE) +0"
08K) 8
+0< 0" &6
) +0, ) *) ) 7 ) /% ) J"0
) W: ) !3>: -
. / ,
&"7 *B ". ) 08 ) !BI *,) +0< C 0 Z,) &
0"
i) 0" 8
$ )< )7 0I,
) 1,
Z,) +0"
) 8 j
F >\
0"
) 0I,
> &#">: 0I,
U !6 C%") 87 C1 ": $ *B C"
7 $ *B /$0"
08
) !
0",,
 7 *B /8I
"
$7 &# V0 ->: !)8I
m)"
f,
->: CB0@% -
. B0, &#%( E< I. )> #<B &(:7 &#""7 ")
0K, 7 J
I $ /8 A>6 C" !"3) C"B C)7 1,
/0@B
. C>7
") +0"
*,) 0I,
U !",)7 &"< 0" 8 .&"0 (+0) 0 0"
+0"
) G"B 0 0" f,
->: f0@ /"6
*)7 0< ") 0"
P,06
f", ) ): 0 -
. / , +0"
*, a0"$; I) ): 0 0" f,
7
+0"
J> A $ *,">
aE )
.(j &) (G /
) 2+ b )"
.(@ &) (PG /) 2+ b )"
P
1
2
0I,
) 1,
,) 50X
,8 0" +0"
08K) &"< 0" 8 P:
) 0"
0 c *B (0@ ,7 0 6) &"7 *B ,8 C%,) #>87 0)< C) ,$ !<c06
'
) !B01
0: &7 50)$
,8 -
. ZV,) / ,B &<; ,8 0") f01
. 0"
7 .f3 ; &"0B
.S,8 )
<" (*%@),@
) 80$I +0"G$ 5067 +0"7
7 ") #%0%6
7 ZI8
, ."E0; ZI8 $ /01
) 80 ) +0"
) !> #
; W0$)
W
#E1) " % ->: , .&( Y )< 0"
J>% *B #)0: 8,) 5067 +0"7 &?@
() *B
(G"B 0) (): 0) (&"0B 0) (&"0B 0) !" % *B $ !"0Y !X)
->: !E &(:e
!",0,
!X)
, $ &0. *,) >$ (0) !>$ .80"b
%6 *%
&(:; *8 J
I G7 &"0 0 !, N"
): *B $ #E1)
!X>
1% % ,$ &0. *,) !B3G) +0G2% ,$ !",0,
7 /) ) J
I .50,
)
,: &>1
!X
*8 &0. *,) !X
.506; !","
0=1@
!"?% *B >
*B !"0Y
") &# =,$ *B !X>
ZI#
/01
50, 1% *1")4
$B ""<0@
50,
*,) &>< &#)Q%$ 1% ,8 .&>: 8(
) %" ">
&#% 0 *B &#%0"7
WI
*)01
&>3
C, O0% WI
06?%
*4),
&>3
% &>3
I8 &#%)%$ *B &0r.
."> >
* 0
&>3
0B &( Y 0#K ,:
87 C) /%$
(+0,%
/01
) ) !",0,
) , *%
/01
0)6; 87 +0
1, <
#(6. ->: "3) ) !,"
ZI8 *B >6" &
"I
"06` /01
: #
2""%
*B 0)6; 87 80@" *%
=)3
.G; +): *8 87 #=)U !,"
#=B
7 K(" .!>: N"> &I &6
d,% />X% b (+0,%
/01
) !>
3" [ &8 (!)01%
/01
) 80G$7 ->: 7 =)3
ZI8 ->: 3>4" ""0)6;
/ ,; 87 /8I / ->: *,4< 7 8 &>1, $ #,") ; #) , J
I)
/ , *B
. O &Q )> 01 6$ (&+" $ MMP /;) (&" (GG /
) b )"
.(JM) (>Q 5> (
P /
) $RU$ $&) g d, &&" N + +"/
P
1
2
*B !,$
&@
()) ,$ < ,$ *%
=)3
N>4
I8 "0" ,. .=)3
&?@
!") -
. 0
0#, .P01
f" *B !"4,")
!"040)Y f047
4"% *%
3
*B04 *B /"6
(#
*B04 ->: !
,
=)3
I. @" #B
&0. *,) !B3G) 0G?% !",0,
) , *%
=)3
J>% !6 .c"%"040)Y )
7 !X>
>1) !6 #%#
->: #"B 0G; I8 0#K
J
I #%#>)
8 :3
)G[ !>")< 01@) #@% [ .!X>
:< *B 801@) #@% [ *B 0%"
.#%
7 801@) #@% " *%
!>")3
!X
+3,) &"> %
->:
>1
0K, *B 8@ PG7
*8 #"
>6 5067 AE #
P01
&?@
() 1) !",0,
ZI8 -
. #
6 0" % .!"<0@
!"),
!")0X
!")01
$ /01
+0" f047
#"B 0@%, *%
()
*B !"0)
!"0)
B3
P04) #
% 8 NE "E0;
,$" &
50,
0% .#"
. B3
A "0@)
50,
0%
* !",0,
+0%
A 0"@)%
$
W / $ *8 +0%
7 0" ,$ :#" 0% !>$@ ->:
*B &8 !0B ,%X" ,$B +06[ ",
.:c"0
*B N)0 8 f:E N)0
*%
AE
ZI8 $ ") &#," 0@%, *B . &G #"B &#," 0@,
#,
," *%
()
&#
2,6.
)0X
0,%) " &#,iB .&0
&80G$7 &8()
&#
2) $ #,<04"
&80"b ->:  &#>1% *B &#,>E" &#,. &G .&#">: 41" &#"70 0"
I8 G *,0,
&
1
&80",%) &#,)03" &#,. &G .J@ [  >8 %"
.&0
&8 C% &
1
): ) &#, 0)6; 87 &#,: < 50, &#B 4">6 ,
! 87 $
!
D 0 ->: C) C=" 0"$e
6 0 7 0)6 0#K" .S (!B$
.J0@ !"
I6V% [ I. !",0,
->: $ C,7 !"
->: C
0
PP
1
2
.] (+0@
!>"7 f3 7) !","
A
H1)
->: !)
X
*8 ,$ !",0,
7 *,1" [ I8 7 0"b .C( . >:7 0
->: B
.J0@
->: W7 (>
) &,>
)1%" #, &< $ 3B !>")3
ZI8
U03
0@7 < ./0G" *B !",0,
: 0$I
P% " 2="@ 0)6; 87 0$I" &
*B !: 0@[ J>% 7 0"b 50,
-
. !",
"` +": AE *B &"0$
87 . &G .&( Y) &#%( *B /0G" 50, *B [ # , !",0,
*B N"
!1")4
/0G" 50, !3 -
. [ ">
50,
") A< &% -
. 0"@" &
0"
*B !"< $% &
!",0,
7 ->: " 0
/0G" #" ") A< WI
$ 0>
$% &
#%"
7 !,"
.(&+" $ M /P) 3 ") ( (GG) b >f"
.(;;) (
) '",
.(;;)
. l "5!$ 62 (PG /) 0
Q
.Barhebraei, Chronicon Eccl. , III, 100 (&+" $ MJ
) 6$Q "&U$
a () (MP) MM &&a+ aR _ D (; # ) (;GM /
) ":
.(MJJ)
G
1
2
3
4
5
6
.S&#
*:0
AE
I8 *B 50,
&: *,1" [ I8 7 0"b .#"B 1
+0"G$
E"7 &#, 0, !,"
*B $ J
I$ &#% !6) 3" *
P"<0 !$ *B $ $B
!3)4
ZI#
$% 7 F ) [ .#) &"3
&#"
. &#)7 #1" *%
:; f>%6) 3"
!3)4
ZI8 ,$ 3B ./01
+0" 06U AE W7 *B !,"
ZI8 *B !,$ 0@)
J
I
!) ,
) *#B #1
J
I *B %<[ ",) #">: &3" *%
+:; 20"46 2:
#, />4" WV%
"0G; + >
; /; !#
1
!%,
[` #1
./01
00; ,: 0B%% [ +0# !<) +"8 0?) C%,. #, 0" C) &"3
8, !"B0
:; ,?" ,$ !<
03
&#
q>) # 00; . &G
0
0
) P">% [ *%
!4,
#
&80K, *B #,; C) &"3
!3)4
ZI8 -
. $"
0G$?) &"3>
P"<0
*
) !,1% [ ) [ $ I#
V) 03B C">: $ #
. ,Y +" )>4%
:8 *),
#) -G0 +"< *B )G ) 0:@>
") &#"
&$$ R 3 L 1
50,
7 0$I .#" &< #) $ $ 50,
0, /0G" *B $ C,7
.]4),
P :C
3" AE *B /0G" *B ,$ " ,$
< .^&#"
. / , 50,
[V8 -,$
21E 0B /)
*B 0%(
!,"
GM
/)@ H1) O,<. $% < $ C,7 0#K" ./0G" 87 !",0,
P,%:
2)EX /0G" m06
C,7 0" %
>: Z0$I "
) C," P,%: ;
7 " 6 C1 I67 0
!)0 ->: &#
?E0 &8". 2"V !$ -
. /8I 0>
G
) 01
2(b $ C,. :< 0) C 7 "0
50 .Sx T"r)w *
v )r 0o :
o
-
. +0
,: C"
>" 0
$ ),Y +0%
70< < $ C,7 *0E
&(b *,0,
0) [
Q . C) *%?" 20"G$ 2 &>1" D :,$B C%1")
.] *0E
8 /%$
A < $ C,7 *0E
*,)
2,"< $ C,7 &:
[V8
I8 &>1%" C,. :
3" $0@
$B C) A%" C"
*%?" D 0 $B *0
,$B 0 " 0) :8 c"): $>" ,$ (*0E
U) 7 +0
H1) 0$I !*0
,$ #,. "< .#, A% " &3"B #">: 0" 0
$B #, >) /%$
+0%
U03"
"0B ",Y +0%
U03" ,$ !$) f"
1," ,$ #,. (0%
":) 87
-
$ C,7 0$IB (h"1") C . < 7 .A% " f3"B U03" 8 *),
#) 0F
$ !$) 2"0 2,"< $ C, 3B (&1>)) C 7 0$I 7 .51
): ) /4"
& *B 0
f>%6 # .^ &1>) C>1" ,
3B Z,: m06" " C">: 6"
GJ
1
2
3
4
-
!$ -
. C)
* WI
P"<0
I8
, 0 !>
7 B0:
*
$ % ,7 J
I) 3" 4 ,
[V8 ./01
+0" 5067 AE
$" &
C , (/"#) (-0
/"#) ): (,") (,") (,") .!"7 )
/"#) C
"< J
I
; *0 8 ; *B &?@
() $ ,. 2")0:
W0G
: ) D )1) % &G #) &<?B 2="@ J>" [ 20"3B !$
< $ .(*0
*B .: ) D ): *
-
$ C,. "< J
I
C%6 *B 0 f01
0 < .&#, 50%@B Z:)B &0
*B 20" 7 43 (4 < ) 0,
) $ C,7 !"0
=7 8 .*0 7 C,7 ->: " I#B &0
P) /"# :9" *B
C
< #"
0
+08 1) !,"
-
. /8I
!$ J0%) & 8 ," C,7 0$I" ">
m06% 7 "0% &G X>) WI
X>) ,,: J
0G$B 20"3 2$>1 ,%"%7 :h"0< 0$
>6%7 *
&$
>1 . &%"707 :/"# &#
3B .J
I $" [ D !!J> , J
)
. 0
-
. /8I"
2@"0< J0% ] *
&$
>1 *,iB :< &1, :
< ?*>")
0 *),
&: F)1
5
$ $ ",," 0{ !>
"0G; &6 *,)
$
2G,. 20$I H"); P"<0
I8 $ ." 0B 0 -
. 0"@7 ",,"
06U *)07 0,: $ &#, *0 7 $ &#, +1% " ,
() $ &#, 0%
": 5,", G P01
87 7 0
$ &#,
.^/
X
*B !",Q0,
->: &8 0 4)<7 7 &?@
G;
1
2
3
4
) B0: ")1
1
+0"G$ +0")$ !"
&( Y 0#K ,: !$ *B ,$ <
!(
:;) &"3>
!6>
0% 50,
0")$ :
[V8 ") .(h");)
: *B 0#K" !$ 87 !X
*B 70G7 h");
[V8 J0% < .!$ +0
:,
*B #"
m%" *%
; !","
>4
G *B #"B !"@)
>$
>$
ZI8 : -
.
>1
0@7 < .")1
#=) &3" *%
!""
:; *B
U03
*B #E1) 0 -
. 0@7 < .*)01
&($
0B )01% #,7 0$I
.S9"
*B &"0$
. (@)
G
0
0 #,. "< *
} %
0
: 50
0)6
(6"@) % <
!)1$
0 ->: ! 0 ,$ #,7 0$I *%
&"0 N"
+0 #,")
"),;
7 C%(6 0)6) ZI8 C%0$B ->: % .!$) !",0,
0G7 ->: "
*8 #,7 ->:
G 0)6) &"0 C7 - ": +0 #, -,G% 0
J>% 4B 07 ," 0
0: *B /@ WI
P"0
*B ) - ": 80 *B *>
) PF &"0
G% : 0
70 >B /01
m *B #,. "< b +70 : 9
G 0)6) (0")
))
C">: D -> D 0 0?B .!")01
J
r ,. :*7
r ,7 *)?) :
< !)1$
*B &"0 +0
&#, .]C"
&>$% !> *B 8 $ #>87 f"3G ->: C , 2E0: f=4
-
. 0
C"
*%," WI
*06
P0; AB, )7 8 C,7 2 2"0 2): $ C,7 0$I P0;
.^0$I
AB,
P0;) P0; I#
!> *,% "0 J,8 .!Q<0;
GG
2
3
4
/ ",
*B 28 (
2 0 $ S Faymiyon = Phemion (""B) C - ": "
[ $ #"B f01" [ !"0< -
. #, m06 [
Q . !"03) f01" [ 503
," 2= +:
C"B 1" &
; $ I. :; &K1" $ "4
1"
} ,Q) $ Z" / $ [
Q . $?"
->: C1)% C)?B (N
) C #>87 0 &?@
50< !"0< *B C,?@
4B .2="@
1B /01
H07 H1) =4 -% &?@
*E N
C1 f0, .C3B0 C,"
#>87 .0,) 8:) -% #) 06B /01
H1) +0" #%4%6B #">:
") !>"4 !>6, +0 ->: 51
)1" ,$ .(#$ *,) /1$ ) 90
*,)
/ /:7 < 2
06U 0 O%) (""B) &#B0@7 0 O%)B .&80#K7
"
J
I I, 0, 87 U C,") ~B O0 a( C"B ZU0
C) ""B
2"0 #">: 0" c7 51
": &" D : ," (""B) #) &< +1
!",0,
)
87 C,") ~B #%3
?B #>7 #%1B #">: N"0
%?B .#">: -,6%\ !"%: 200
G
1
2
.S (
)) C f3 7 !":0 %
!",0,
" ->: ,$ ?)
(@7 ,$ 0, 87 7 (*<0;) 0$I <
. 0G ) D ): :C
3" 70 &#
""0
" "3) ",Y &$ 7 ->:
$ G; )1" J0@ 87 ,$ 0, 87 7 5067 !"( !"0 0$I%
0 7 $ 0
0, 87 >b &>1" 0 0, 2)"0< 80< !"0< *B
&#>1" 0
J
I -
. 0, 87 >b A (D ):) C,) 0" (0G
) C 0,
C%( ZU0 C):7 < !"03
J>% 0, ") !"6 / ->: 0" $B 0
87 ") C"
:" 0 C," *B 6 -% C, A " C"
>" 1B Z3% C%):
.]!",G
->: 0#K 0, *B !",0,
0@%, &G B .Z>)
.^ 0G
) D
(*K03
) /1$ ) ) -
. 8, A0" *%
!"0
ZI8 a0% &
1
G
2
3
4
H1)
0, /06 !)06 0 (
2 0 7 &:% (P . )) 80$I !< J,8
C 70 *B !)0E ->: Z" 21E 2:< #, B % 0G
) D ): B C%
# J ?B #">: 8F0 Z" > 07 I 2 G1), #,: Z" 067 IiB Z") #">: 2$
) 0: 0?) J
I $ C">: $ WI
B
C">: F0 C
->: 0<?B &%6 Z" *B
.]/46
.!"0"
+"3
*B Z0,% -
. 0"@7 < .^C%>%3B *, X
)
GP
1
2
3
4
) -
. / ,%B !",G
!"0
7 .(C), ) /8) -
. / ,%B -
; !"0
7
%"0
B &#= 7 0$I) (P . )) a0" &
0, 87 H1) -
(*K03
/1$ )
!K"0< J
I$ W#" 7 #B +0#>
S SS !, ") *B%
*K03
7
0F < .
*B _3" _3
2< /8 G $ .#" !K"0< ;
>
.B f3
C">: 43 B
*B _3" $B "()
C">: I8 .C<
.^C) 0#%@ WI
0" %
*B ">"=0 Y A)4 " WI
& .!","0
*B Z0I 50" 7 -
. !)0
ZI8 (W0"
7) A0" .(C), ) /8)
GM
1
2
3
4
5
->: (*G,0$
) 04
+:7 ->: 0K /=06 !)03 ->: 0G: < .S5043
"@ *%
!"3
=,$
J>% >6 #,7 0#K" )> h3, #">: #,"% "3)
."
*B !@)
&"7 *B !"0"@)%
G1)
+: )
2
3
Alt Kult., S. 148, Philostorgius, Historia Eccleslastica, III, 46, Hugh Scott, in the High
Yemen, 1947, p. 211, Mordtmann, Miscellen zur himjarischen Alterthumskunde, in
ZDMG., 1877, XXXI, S. 64. ff., Migne, Petr. Grea., LXV, Col., 459-637, Conti Rossini,
un documento, p. 710.
Alt. Kult. S. 148, Nallino, Raccolta, III, p. 133, Bury, History of the Roman Empire, II, p.
322.
Philostorgius, I, II, 6, ZDMG., 31, 1877, S. 65.
GMM
J> -
. (>"B"G) 07 *,G
("4,4 <) 0"3
7 5067 !"0 *B
#)%$ = 0) .(">
(]) &: *B J
I Axume !@)
*@, Homeritae 0"
,#
C,4 0B !0
ZI8 #%, 0" J> 5
C%# -#,7 >B .c"$>
-
. 0"3
.!",4,4 3
-
. #, Antiochia !"$4,7 -
. /8IB #, : .!@)
-
. /8IB : &G
!"X
* " A)4 I ,$ , !"," !# $% &
ZI8 C%# 7 !"0
ZI8 0#K"
.""4,")
0$ 1 -
. h); 0" &E #,
!",0,
*B ("4,4 <) 0"3
6 1) !"4,")
!$
!> $ <
*B
C:)%7 0G$" "
I8 0@," 7 !
>
!" 0 !," 8I6% (">
& (]S]) &:
*B 1
I8 C$0%" WI
P"1
0G; : (
2 EB !"%< N
!" " =B J
I
&8$0 W3" /1@
, *B +0"3
!,$ AB0" ",V
C:)%7 ,
9(G
@,. 0@)
$% +0"3
[V8 +: ) .!":0
! ",$
->: &8I,
.] (08) (:) (0K) *B =,$
WI
B
0. (*," 0) P0@%
50" $ ("4,4 <) 3" $" &
A !"0% +81 31" 7 07 ,. 2E 2"," 2B8 0" J> -
. (>"B"G) C 70%
H0" !"0)
+0%
C
P3" ?) !" " !"%< AB, C
P3" ""0"
&#
6) Z0$ 1 *B &#>6" 0
->: "","
.(&+" $ J /M)
2
GM
.S&0
") &#,") I=,: A% *%
!",0,
*B
(4 ,) #: *B >6 Homeritae ")0"
7 5067 !"0 *B 0
< !> *B $ C,7 2E"7 0$I .!",0,
*B (&S ^S) (" 4 ,)
6
03
*B (4"0%) &8U0 < 0" /0: 0 (W1
1 ) "3
.(">
. "1)
3
4
Mordtmann, in ZDMG., XXXI, 1877, S. 65, Theodorus, Lector, Histo. Eccl., I, II, p 567,
(ed. Valesius and Nicephorus Callistus).
Chronik von Sert, II, 149, ABM, 22, Eduard Sachau, zur ausbreitung des Christentums
in Asien, Berlin, 1919, S. 68.
Chronik von Sert, II, 149.
GMJ
J>
&"7 *B J
I 0, *B !",0,
) 0Q@) /">
AB0 ! ",$ &<7 Azkir (0"B)
-
. #
0 ( 07 ("< I) ()>1G I) J
I
% B 0" J> (f$," ")0@)
/8"b *B C) 3
7 >1B "3
->: H)3
/">
,. ! ",$
&#
!,"
&< *%
1
1) !",0,
-
.
,
2< 58 C"B C%<
,G7 *B .
C"
( 0" 7 0, *B ,$ "I>
">"3
-
. 07 C">: (")0@) J>
/EXB #)
!: -
. P"04
Z"%
,G7 *B .C"
206 0?B ,
%B WI
0
I8
F1% C
7 ->: < 7 Z3B0 : #) U !<06 1 C, 0#K J>
H0: C," *B C J>
Z0#%, (")0@) !: (0K) -
. >B .C"" ->:
7 ",B !E
/8I
:"3
C
3B
/8I
) Z0b7 &G (#") /%$ C">:
-
. C
0i) I=,: J>
0?B 0); 7 C">: CE0 < . P)B
$ % 0$
-@,
-
. &8"#) > 0" ,$ "
50, 7 !"@)
!"0
&:%
.C"
#,1B" /=0E
)
Winckler, AOF., IV, 1896, S. 329. ff., British Museum Orient., 686, 687, 688, 689.
Fell, in ZDMG., 35, 1881, S. 50.
. Nallino, Raccolta, III, p. 122, Caetani, Annali, I, p. 125 ( /M)
GM;
6 0 WI
"
4
#>1
"
*B !",0,>
4 &87 0, ,$ <
/"I1% !G #"B 1< *%
!G
) 0, 0#%@ < .()
ZI8 *B C"B !,"
ZI8
!)1$) ) B0: #"B h); 8?@,7 *%
! ",$
: 0)6; 87 Z0$I ) 50,
*)>$
) -
. / ,% !"0 *B .2E"7 (0, !1")) ) B0: $ ""0)6; ,: (0,
! /
4 7 7 f=6
8
I $ > != 9(G &7 !)F< ,$ #,7
0#, ->: ,$ 0, !)1$ #, " &8,: #%K1
,$ .B07 B0% 7 "E<
+0@: 0#,
J
I X% " $ 31 ) W: ) 0 ) N"
)1
,$ 0,
.0#,
J
I !Q>b #">: P," $ .S #<0X% % !F)3
,$ 0," f[U
F
): ,) 8,) < .!)1$
,) ->: *,)
} ,) ,$ #,7 5067 !"0 *B 0
%1 !< 7 #"B $ .#
+8E 8K: !)1$
,) ->: 8,) *G0
Q"
)
.!>8)
-
. &8: *),
-
. V "I
&8
GM
.!",0,
-
. !">8
*B ")3
I8
&K, #
&( Y 0#K ,: "
*B !",0,>
"=0
$0
0, ,$ <
&3
0"7 :0"
87 3" $ 8 (/<1
) :#">: C
AE6% _6 W0. - "
&#
G 8 ("
) C"70 : [. 0" [ WI
&#%0@ / &#"70 I
.S &# 0 / &#. &80) 8 (f3 ;) % &#>0 /
"
/<1
7 ."
07 *B 10" C"
WI
*,"
0, "=0 C) 3"
A%
m%" 0")% !"
!" "
&#,V@ ->: f0@Y !:
+0. #"
iB
.V@
!"3) C"
+0#
+0@1
!,
*B *),
*B "
)
6 0, 87 N
<
E0B 3B 50,
C," ->: *3) 7 .&( Y *B !,"
$ 0G$7 6 J
I)
.]!"
C">:
$ #3 7 2",$ $ 0, /<: 7 0)6; 87 Z0 N I.
/01
50,
,: ! =0
7 ->: " J
I iB (= ) 0$))
( /MM) (a (N a) (M;M /G) (a 7) (JP /M) H$ a+ I, (
; /
) D ("
.(J /M) &+ (" & $
2
.(&+" $
GM /) (&" O D+ e&$ (M /J) b "/
/M) : (J /M) &+ (" (M /
) ( (JP /M) H$ + I, (
; /J) D ("
.(M
M
GMG
3
4
WI
"< "
/<1
Z06U
*@ $ (/<1
) 7 !X>
>: 0$I"
WI
./31
$ 0"6
*B C>)< $ f>6" WI
:"< "
f>6" WI
"< "
!K
3%@ #, *%
,%")0: *B (/3:) !K
08K 0" %
"?%
I#) &#"
-7
("=0) -,1) ,
*B 0 !"), !")0: !K
#,7 N"
&#"70 ->: (/<1
)
G -,1) ](P@,) !," ("=0) W7 (&3@, )3:) 0B &< 0 W7 &< G
.^(P@,) !,"
3
4
GM
! ",$ &#
,$ 3B :(0,) ! ",$ 0"b 5067 =,$ "
50,
$ <
g"0%
0)6; /%$ *B !"K: +0#@ ) %$ *%
(">3
) *8 (
1,) *B !"K:
` #1E ! ",$
-,1) *,,"
Ecclysia (" >$) 7 (!80)7) ! ",$ *8
q
) #">: 3,7 #>"% #,""% *B h); O)7 < .K" ->: (
1,) A
.!>=4
! ",$ V@ 0")%) h); #: < .(0K) (/0?) *B =,$ &#
,$ $
f
V 8 .(" "0) (" "0) (" ,0) C
3" 0"#@ f3 7 -
. (0K)
.#"
A 0K, C
.""0"
A=0@ /%$
"=0 7 !" ,$
0)6; *B &( Y &"7 *B "
*B !=< !",0,
"3) <
0,
23 7 (">
G
03
067 *B /, (G"4) +04 ,
!<04)
7 50,
* ,7 ! 6 A 3%"
"
-
. P">G
ZI,7 < $
F
*
*B C,7 0$I .^()
J>% /=1) Z0)67 +0#>
(]) !, #, 1B 80,
.: *B f3 7 (">
S !, -
*B $ C,7 0,
.(&+" $ MP /J) b "/ 4,
. Minge, Patr. Grae., 86, 567-620 (G; /M)
.(G /M)
. ,X +"/ (;) L 4
.(G /M)
GM
1
2
3
4
5
P)4B .
) &( n
#"B /%$
87 "
#"B E01% *%
AE
->: 20< $
2"@ 2"1 2< &#B<
&#, @
-
. $ " $ /0G" #" "
->:
2: /%$
87 1
&#>1>B W0" .">
->: %
+0G. *B &#>1
&( Y
046 Z: WI
046
->:
E3>
"%0
"),%
A"@% +0
&"< *B :
.#"B +0")$ + !
&"< #06 *B /01
+0" *B Z0@%, &( Y 0#K
->: /%$
87 H0 $ !> *B ?E"7 ,$ h); &0
1>B 2E"7 W0"
Z0"b *,0, 8 (00X
1,
) G +0
>:7 H1) 7 &( n
O)% ->: !">6
I8 m06
2,: 3>% < ,$ 50,
C1 %0
&( Y !"
/01
+0" : &#:, $ # /%$
87 "
(. +:<
.1) 2% 2003% 03% $0% < Z:< $% &
+0
!,%
046
?p6 $
(Y J
I . 8 /%$
8; (0:)
(. ! " C#B WI
.
#B< /) ) #">: 20< /0G" "4 >B ") "B &"3% ,$ *%
!"#"
"
)
.#"B &#
(. A3" &>B J,8 "
&#
$% &>B 50,
7 &( Y 2"1 2<
0)67 *B Z, "
) 0B; 0 ; ->:
(Y 3)4" &
Z1)
(0:) $
1) f=4
*B !$ *B /0G" *B 50, #" 0B7 0 7 0)6; 87
.0: +B
87 ->: (0:) ,< P)4" &>B /01
+0"
,7 !"3)
0"b *B 7
&"7 *B &G C%B -
. C"7 *B &# V0 : (!"
) &#%"
AB "
) /%$
->:
(Y 07 P)4 < !">6
?$B .
>6
Z1)
X
Z B a1 [h&! X , + O T2 (7 3 $ &$ (2 5Q $ '7 k k 6$ 6#
.(
GJ /) (&" %
GMP
."> >
!)
./
X
*B P01
@
#"
. !",0,
>6 3B !"<0@
!")01
7
AE *B @@1B .2E"7 0)
8>6B #"
. &#>") < ,$ &0
H1) $
"E0; ZI8 50, !")
b ,$ .j">6
0 H1) 08 04< )0)
G #,
&#) P"G % ->: ,$ "I
+0"
50, /8I
I8 "I6U 04 , /8I ->:
&#)8I 0I) #"B :0B #) 0"@)%>
!34,
ZI8 -
. 0B " &#," 0 $ $
./01
!",0,
->: )<7 ") Z0@,
.()
.(;) b >f"
.(
MM /) f: 6"# + g d, 07 &$2 (G) D7Q ($&
G
1
2
3
*),
->: &< S(->1
h, ) 0: ) 0
) 50,
"0)
0
C< &[ < J>8 -% 2)> &( Y $ .C)7 C1 &> 7 &> ?B !,"
)
.; C," -
. : &( Y : %0B 00X
(0I,
) 1,
) 0I,
) -
. &E,
.]C">: m
Z 01@) (W0
-@:;) C WI
(0I,
&$ 2$ n (" $ 7 (" &$ 2 & $$ Sf+ (" &$ 2 6#$ + (" $ 7 (" 6 ^ $
> $"! ',) .'7 k 0* 0" b&"+ H &"7 0" ( + (" n (" $ 7 (" D"
.(& 2) (JM /
) H$ + I, `! $$ e
$"! 6#$
. H &"7 &1$ 01 &$ 2 $&# (&+" $ MJG /J) b "/
.(M;
# ) (
M /M) ":
G M
2
3
2 -8
, - - 39
0#KB &, O% P3@% "; 0G$7 C) )"7 ) !",0,
)"7 3
N"
!1")4 OE *B #
0G$7 $ .
% #,") "B 6% P0B A"@ #"B
ZI8 *B 0K,>
!" ,$ A !> J
I
3: < ,
OE *B )[) &; !<(:
f>%6 ), #"B A% #)2 07 *B 8 B 7 #% ->: &$
0`
!>%6
:,
->:
E3
$%% &
#,7 0"b ./01
!< ; H1) &#,") $;
->: ) &#%:)) $ #)7 A
0 /8I !> #"B 0#KB
07 &#, 7 0"b N"
"
-
. O0
&#E1) )>4 !"
&"
1%
.C) F % C"
%, 2,:7 20,7 B C) 0Q@) C
/% C"70 ->:
ZI#$ +31 !"E< &#B !",0,
*B ">6
->: #
$" &
C,7 A<
O< *1")4
$ J
I
.C"," +"3: #, 0G$7 !"
!" >B !"E< *8 !"E3
">6
0G$7 #: !G" *8 !6 #"
"3
) !",0,
0U %@% #"B f(%6[
&#
A
"6
P"1
J0Y &#
"
"
I8 *B 2G" >6 &8 #"B
< &; !6 !; C% &
!"
: !," !",0,
. &G .OE
I#$ OE
B3G
J0
f(%6[ ##B *B ,
f>%6" c7 ) [ &$?) "; $$
I8
8 7
/
F 0
8 8 /0
P>6 8 7 /
F 0 8 7 ,. N"
8 :N"
! ",$
0 >X@ N"
!1")4) %" #
G7 !>= ; ZI8 ?/
F 0
: ,
P
"
8 C,7 /
W70
8 !1")4
*B #"70 7 50% !>%$ $ :(
2 %$ &#%>Q%$
->: ! ",$
3, !")0b !"<0@ :/8I
0#KB .4) (E C, 7 &"3
7 0#K% 8: "" P@,% % [ .=,$ +
! ",$
0#KB # ,
.!"3
!",0,
*B !B01 $% &
/8I
+"
*B 50,
#) f0:
*%
!"3
!" %
*8
; "0,
$ 3
80#K7 *%
!"0$
!>)>)
J>% 1), 5067 /8I Trinitarians (9
G
) O)%7
0` ZI8 C%G7 -
. 20K, .N"
!1")4 *B f(%6[
G J
!",0,
-,1 (">
(]) !, *B 31, WI
A
I8 /3:
! ",$
#) *%
+0"46
($@
ZI8 G7 *B 0K,>
3:
A +: #
7
*B (&^]S) ( B7) *B 06U H1) 3: #) B01B !",4,4 3
*B #E1) 3:
-
. 3,B ! ",$
-
. +
"1% 7 A4% % &
#,$
(&^S) Chalcedon (",3>6)
50)$
! ",$
7% 9" (&S^) !, *B 0)$; ,[ 9 =,$ +:
! ",$ #
!2 " 0 !2 X
!","%(
!X>
>1% !")0b ! ",$ :c"% ",$ -
. !"040)n
*B 0"46 0G7 #
"
!4" ) B(6 /) ) J
I !">; !"3"0bY ! ",$
*8 !" $IG07
&"4% *B /0X
50, Z0, P) 3B !"3"0B. !" U W7 P0@
7 .+"31
08
P) 0$) *B !")31"
! ",$
!"04 ,
! ",$
&8,: 0#KB ! ",$
+
."4 ) !"3"0bY : !","%(
! ",$
,.
#
*B J0%@ !" ",$
A
J>% H1) 0E
7 ,"
. > <
!< 7 /01
") 0@) !< 7
7 #,") 80E #%00< ->: A< #%@<,
!",,"
-
. !
3,
7 !
6
!")01
&#= 7 "
) *)0: 7 ,$ &#,7 0#K"
&"6
*B &#,") &#%@"1 /0:e
&#%3B0
&"6
!< ?) &#E1) f0: < .!","0
./0:; !@"1
a) g da, af5 (&+" $ ;M) &&+ (MP
) ($ D+$ RR _ D 2
([ST2 01 MM L$ " (7$ ( S"< +"/ 0," N$ b $5 2 , &$
. Ecny. Religi. snd Ethic., I, pp. 775, (Arianism) &+" $ M; /M)
.(&+" $ JJ /M)
G ;
(">
03
!") 6
03
!"#, *B 3
!< 7 ") $ <
!",G
=)3
") 0@)" /01
50,
07 0"" ,$ "I
!< ;B
C"B $0%@ N"
!1")4 OE 9) ->: Z0G$7 &< WI
*,"
*B # 7
; 03
I, %
&
1
) >X@ *%
!"%8(
9); ZI8 /01
-
. >3, J
I)
) &G ",V
) >X@ !>$@ I=" !",0,
($@ &87 ,$ Z1) B (">
.]0
-
. &?@
() *<0@ %
!")01
&"><7
W04 ,
/8I
:,:E *B 6% *%
!",0,
/8I
0#K *%
!",0,
/8I
W7 !"<0@
/8I
8 *)31"
/8I
!@)
0 &?@
() *B P01
*B 20@%, [
2 #
P0@
*B 0@%,
./01
+0"
Nestorius (04 ,) ("04 ,) P"04)
-
. / ,"B W04 ,
/8I
7
!1")4 *B !
3 W70 C
(&^) !, -B%
(h:0) *8 Germanicia (!"3",0)
c"%1")4 N" >
1B N"
.(J; /M) (JJ) H5 ST2 M
&&+ _ D
2
G
8 20@)
0@) *8 &"0 7 0$I !>$
D &,<7 O " ,Y &,<7 :(",<)
.S43B C'
Y /; Co ", C'
. 8 WI
N"
G G
!"04 ,>
280$ !"4,")
0`) 20G?% I8 $ !,">
23 7 Nounus (,,)
#">: f3 ; I8 I,
0G7 [ 5067 $7 -
. (80
) : 3%,[ +04 ,
570 J
I
>% &#
0 ,: +K
, $; ZI8 ") 0%6
A<
()",) ,$B
.S&>1
*B (80
) !,$
"" 0
"
0 ": : 2 23 7 $ (,,) f3 ; $
$ J
I
(04 ,) !340#) 2" 0 2$ $ *%
! ",$
&0
! ",$ >G" "I
7 &0>
!1E6
$; $ W7 *B !3
#4E[ !# !"04 ,
->:
&#=0U *B +04 ,
0$B J
I
.04 ,
0` !E01
=,$>
&#% ",$
!1)%
C%E01
!","
&80=1@ ! 0 *B &#%"0) C"B 1%%" c7 >7 >) -
. &#%3%1
"1) 06U " I !$ C
; &G #
!=, !$0 $ C1"@% !"4,")
!"040)n
&0>
!1"@ ,$ I. [
Q . !",0,
/8I
07 *B 6%% [ I. *#B !",0,
:
./8I
ZI8 !"04 ,
"
!","
!"0
&#, +04 ,
!"
Z1% J>
J> (Z@,8@
) 0#K7 <
&#%"0 &#>: +% [ *B C%)b0 0#K7 $ Z":0 ") &#)8I) 0"@)%
!"0
/"I#%) "0%
) &#
N C:)%7 6% #"B $" &
*%
:e
&80%6B
Seleucia (!"<> ) b /4
4 07 ! >B " [ !",,"
! >
&#">1%) ,
(")",) (80
) B," 20"46 2"B3G 2$0 ( "4) !1
!
)< !> 0#, ->:
,7 0= *B P01
*B 0"@)%
!"04 ,
<1 &87 0$0
I8 0
.0
!"040).
!"04 ,
+0"
87 &# 70 ->: P01
() /0: &>1% +04 ,
[V8
ZI#
!" 0
!X>
*8 !","0
,$
./01
+0" -
. >3%, +0"
87
! ",$
*B &#%> >%0" #) /01
50, !X
!
ZI#) !X>
ZI8 0 ! ",$
5
!# 0"b &#,: +"1) ,$ . )%$" #)
Socrates Scholasticus, Hist. Eccl., VII, 29-35, (JP ) MPM _ D (MJ /
) D b&!
Oleary, p. 133, Ency. Relig. Ethi., p. 323.
G
J
I *B &>1
0 &F#> ."
0 !X
$ ->: ,$ 3
.&#, !"0G$;
0
,: &>1
">
!X
!","%(
,$ $ &>1>
">
!X
&8,: *#B .
.">
,: !")01
,"
,: &>1
">
!X
!"3"0bY
>6B +0"
87 -
. (
2 ") #
< ,$ !"04 ,
. <7 " ,7
,$ &#,7 7 /8I
I8 ->: 21" ,$ +' 0"
87 7 I8 *
3) <7 [ ,?B &#,")
"I
7 !",G
->: W7 &#$> 0G$7 " ->: +0"
87
k $ 3B .50, &#>$
W7 +
!1")4
) ">=3
/8I ->: ,$ &< &#,") ")1
&#B !",0,
3,%:
.06U /8I ->: $ &#,") !)<1"
/8I
(04<) -
. >6B 0". P01
!"<0@
!")01
-
. !"04 ,
)0 % <
A
0E
7 *B 0 .5067 AE !"
: "0)
0 -
$ & !, 3: WI
+04 ,
A *B J0%@ (P .) -:" f3 7 & !"04 ,
->: c"3 7 ,$ < .& !, A *B J0%@ (* <) -:" 06U f3 7 & 0$I
0, -
. 0
WB m(B;B !"
-
. !)04 ,
>3%, +0"
<(: +0"
"
") ,$ 3B !)0%
B3
!4 ) 0"@)%
) #"
> "
< .#3"G% <(1
ZI8 !",% *B P04 !> J> % !"0%
B3
,$ !3"G !"0%
! ",$ C
0 f< f0:
"
-
. 0
6 1) J@ [ /8I
I8 W<
.]&#
C%< (Z@,8@
) 4() *B I, C); $
&0
G
1
2
3
7 (F ) C 0 -
. 0, *B !",0,
0@%, !"04 ,
g"0%
1%
!",4,4 3
-
. (&^ ]) 0" &"7 *B /8I C,7 0$I (F") 7 (Q,)
% J,8 (+0"
) P)04 C"
2$
C,4 -
. : C"
/8I ,7 >B .0%(
+:
0@,) #"B 4@, C%," 0, q>) >B .C%#% *%
!",0,
*B 6 80,)
/8I
I8 &4 < !")
&?@
() /0: ") &#)8I 0@%, 3B !)<1"
7
!$
C%)0 J
I
!>4)
!3@,
/8I
C%0)%: ""4,")>
!" 0
! ",$
)
07 *B N"
!1")4) 3
*B  CB(%6[ +04 ,
CE0: $ .C
0 <
!)<1"
f(%6[ I8 $ !)<1"
!340#) &$
->: +04 ,
I8 5067
!"($ J01 O< *B 2)) I8 W70
f(%6 0 -% +04 ,
!340#) &$
->:
.^c")8I
0 ") H"0: "4
E. Sachau, S. 68, Chro. Seert., I, II, p. 330, Nallino, Raccolta, III, p. 123.
Oleary, p. 141, Sachau, S. 68. f.
G P
3
4
.SC , H0X>
""4,")
5
"%b WI
(-7) (!7) C"
1%) "0@)
(/31") I"(% !> $
-
. /8I "4"@,
"0@)
$ .& !, /U *B 0@ ,7 50 $ 0?)
&#,") &<7 &"6
!,$ /0:;) "","0
,:
[V8 f0: < &#,") 0Q@) />X% *,)
06U 20" (0$
":) W7 (,< ":) ) !","0
-B f0: 20" &#
-,) 2,)80 ?p,#$
!"3 ?) B0: !"3 7 :/01
->: %"3 7 C"7 *B ,$ .(*,%> 0") * "0$%)
1
W. Smith, A Dictionary of the Bible, II, p. 328, Devreese, Patr. dAntioche, 75, 88, 96,
Bury, Later Roman Empire., II, 391.
GJ
.S+0"
*B $B /01
!"3 7 * 0$ 7 .!B$
2# Muratha (G0) Shemon of Beth Arsham (*@0; 1@) I) <
/8I>
50)$
+:3
("0$%) 0 P01
87 ") /8I
I8 0@, *B 20")$
.]&( Y *B $0
I8 ->: !KB "3) .P01
*B *)31"
*B &0
5
4 %
4 C
)1% /8I
I8 *B !, X
0G$7 6 <
0#K -
. /8I
I#
">6 >K .&#) "$,%
&8#4E : f$
->: &#> ")
N" >
")
:G &#,"% &80,% ->: % 1,) &#$> H1) 1, < .&( Y
+F 1
WI 8$) ) 1, 8$ -
. +0@. 446
H1) *B 0 < .",V
!, X
J> H1) ->: +0"3
&1,7 $ (90
) 0I,
P"04)
N" >
/
.^!",0,
" ->: $
[
Q .r +1
*B N,% [ /3
?)
1
2
Ency. Relig. and Ethics, XII, p. 172, Ency. Brita., 12, p. 860, Burkitt, early Eastern
Christianity, 1904.
Araber, I, S. 10.
(MJ
/M) 0&a) b H /" H Nd, ( " $ # D g $, 01 (>Q O 5>
. Oleary, p. 192 (JG /M)
GJM
50,
") !<0
A, /8I
") P"B%
-
. &#>" A ZI), *)31"
/8I
8 (&^ ) &0B (P"04)
) J0"04)
") 1< +0K, A Z0$I WI
$
J>
#"B &B7 < !")31"
->: 8 !, X
J> !>) ) 90
""$>
!$04)
f",1% : Z0 WI
$ C% C%#") +3) C=$I) !)<1"
C":" ->: C6 90
!)<1"
->: C#%
!",4,4 3>
C%0"
,G7 *B (") J0"04)>
90
) 0I,
->: !)<1"
J0"04) ([B) A P%[ C, C)>4 50,
") !<0
&#
I#) C%0G.
0"3
-
. C%)%$ 2E"7 0I,
I8 : Z0$I WI
$ *:
"% *6~%
*$
!)<1"
->: &#%( f3" ->: !< ; J0"04)
*B 6%>
("0)"4)
.S
@ G"
@ ,"7 &#, $ *>" 7 50,
A"
!"0
P(4. *B -1 "
"3
#@ 8 C
0I,
C) J0)%>
C"
" 3 #@ !)<1">
$
/0: $ .!B0
*8 Sergiopolis ("
)"0 ) !," *B ("0 ) ("0 )
*B
*B (
2 7 &#%"0 ->: /">
A C%0 1E" C) ,"%" !)<1"
&?@
()
:C
3) 46; 0:@
0@7 "3
I8 -
.J01
+# %a,$$ H2 $
7 T$ (> V$5
4 .&( Y &"7 *B -% 50,
") >K "3
I8 +0#@ 7 ->: "
Z0)< ,: 31
031" ,$ < .J,8 &#=,)7 "1%
"3
I8 ! ",$ /0:; <
!, X
07 $ .
B
*B &#< #"B "@%
->: !
[ Z,: "Y 3"
"I
+0"
50, $: ->: C) J0)%>
C,3" C)
%[ C"K1% *B X
)"
->: +0"
50, $ < .!,"
->: %: !, X
A &#)0 *B 0)3
,#%
/>b; *B (04 ,) /8I
.(&+" $ GM) (MPJG) ($RfR$ +" _ D
a (
;)
0R ($) (MPJG) ($RfR$ +" _ D (JP) 6/5Q ($&
.(PP /M)
GJ
1
2
.!,$ !
, &# , *B "0
$% &
J
I
"",G
,$ $
H1) ,: $ W70 -
. (") "7) (W0"3
") ") d0V
0@7 <
() *B 06U &< <
I8 , :< I. ! ",$
/8I C)
6 /01
50,
% 0E
<
*B !"0@)
,
.
< I. .P
: /"0b &">1%) ", /01
. Elkesaites (""= $
) Nazarenes (""0,
) Ebionites ("",")[) G
MP (; ) MP (P
; ) MPJ a _ D (JP
/J) " &!
/;) H$ + I, (; /) ( (&+" $ J ) MPJ (; ) MP (MM
)
.(H) ) (MGJ
.(&+" MMM /M)
GJJ
!" %
ZI#) B0: "0,%
#"
< !:B Ebionites (",");) 7
C ->: &#%"3:
@, &80#K !""$ : f01" [ (
03
) *,1% *%
; !",0)1
#,. !",0,
!"#"
j" #,. #%3%1 : 3" 7 $" $ "$7 N"
. < *B !"#" !",0, *#B !"#" &=: 7 ->: ",) !",0,
V -
. !) , !" %
ZI#) : ,. &#,7 -
. "60V
< H1) /8I <
&8 .W70
I8 ! )G. /1
7 0"b . Ebion (")) -
/8I
I8
N"
*B 0
(
)) W70 0$," $
P
6
D ) 3%1"
< H1) /8I < ./0
&" !0 Sabbath )
&" !0 ->: KB"
.50,
!"3) ,: f01
,
->:
Ency. Brita., Vol., 7, p. 881, (Ebionites), Hastings, Ency. Reli. Ethic., 3, p. 574.
Kenneth Scott Latourette, A History of Christianity, p. 122..
GJ;
)
!0 :0 < .#
!>$ !3)
[ 0>
!% *8 C"
1% 7 S(3
.%6
) $;) _%6"
; 03
067 *B 0#K #,7 0#K" !<0B (Elkesaites) ("= $
) 7
*,) !X
*B (!"6
53
) WX>
8,1 0; W *B (">
*,G
03
=7
/ ,% *8 .!"#"
1), < .,%X
*B
$
% 0% %
7 (6%
) &0.
%6
->: "= $
KB" C"
/ , /%$ / (*= $
) (Elkesai) C 0 -
.
&"0% 50" $ C,7 C"
/ ," !"
!1"0@
&$7 0= ->: )
!0 ->:
N=)I $7 &0" $ ,. .C"
1%) "6%
AE J
I 7 08K
.&>
$7
A, &#%> *B 3
") -
. C%
C:)%7 ->: &% < .Ge
87 "",G
"4"@
7 50" .C%$=() 06` &"
) C'
. ) 3%1" 8 .P0@
-
. C%
.]
!"
@
P4,
*B !,=$
&,
*8
J
I (Babtism) ("1%
) C
3" 7 %bY (""= $
) &"
1% &87
& ))
%X
* " .80"#4% & ; 0; X
0=)
*B 7 0#,
*B %b[)
G J
I$ B`
@
*B X
1% " (&"0
0
D & )) (&"K1
*>1
D
$" J
I
.&
+0"0@
a0; m06. !"IV
,"
7 />$
/>$
H:
."
$07 &87 X
#>1
!> %X
) !<0
ZI8 !" %
&8 .&8,: #1
!)G) #B /8I
I8 /7 5
C6 !"8 N>
)6>
0aR aQ a"5! M
a< D7 (R 9: &&+ MJ < 0R 9: ($$f
.G < MJ 9:
GJ
.&"0
"1
) J
I
B %)%
*B # &"0
P>47 /01
") 2B01 $ ("07) O)%7 W7 !" "0; 2:0B 7 0$I
"
N"
.
3" ,$ .("<<7) -
. !2 ) , (""<<7) & ("0(") "3
&#">:
.]! D 1 J
I < ; D ) 8
(B &#,7 0$I .(" "0;) &#
< &< : 0)6; 87 9% <
->: &#,7 :" 0,
)1" [
&< :" "0[ "< .&#
/%$ [ "I
CG1) 2"), >%< ;
*
r B $ 0 "07 ) D ): O)%7 &#,. "< ...&"80). "
GJG
1
2
3
4
- <-
&"K,% 8 @0Y &">1%
) +)1
0) _6
&#"K,% /01
50,
$
&"7 =7 I, ! ",$
)U #">: 0 *%
"
3%
&1
! ",$
&"K,% I67
, #">: "B0@>
/%0 0 ! ",$>>B .!: ",< 0 -% !",0,
#"B @: *%
!":%[ !" "
OE; "K,%
ZI8 )%< < &
(
-% !":0
V@ &"K,%
!,"
0@,
8V V0 #1E *%
#%[ &" I, !",0,
!: C%% ->:7 "=0 #
!",
$
!$ #,?$ ! ",$
0
)1 &#
!$
/%0 *B &#
, &#%0 A / ,%% !6 )( #
"K
.$
+04" 2,"7 &#:)%7 ->: +04" f<7 ")
(J0l4)o
) !K
50,
,: !","
/%0
0
) !<(: #
*%
K
;
.S(>
*)7 ) !"7) -
. / ," 01@ *B (P"04)
) !K
0 < .(P"04)
)
0aR a "&U$ (
PG /G) H$ + I, a `*$ '2$ 0 _ /" _ /" 6
o ) (
( a +"/ " $Q +"/) (MMM /) H$ + I, (MPM ) 6$Q 0R ST2
MP
L$ a" (M /MM) (,a" MPG L$ " ( & &) (;M
M
/M) (
O a ) (;
/) aD7Q `"a (MPP /
) I$ MG L$ " (M
/M) / /
. Q +"/ (MPM
GJ
.2E"7 (P"04)
) -,1 *B 8 50,
&3 8 (J04)
) 7 -
. !X>
>: /8I <
Patriakhis 8 *,," 7 (J04)
) .&0
h" &3 P"04)
. 2E"7
<
)` /7 #B !":0>
->:; ; /; C,; J
I (
)` )7) Z,1 ("60"0G))
*,1" 8 Patrikios 8 *,"%[ 7 #,iB P"04)
!K
."
0 "=0
*,"
&"K,%
) I. #
!<(: (B .S!"4,")
!$>
*B (=<) !0 *,1% !"$ !"K
.!",0,>
("%"
)0%) I67 !",,"
: !)01
K
; !K>
.50,
")
!K
7 !X>
>: 0$I < .]!,"
7 !1
) _%6 W7 Mtropolitis
GJ
2
3
4
5
#
3" .` -% !>1% % [ 50,
)) !1=@
K
; 3
8$ Z,1 Gachicho 8 *0U 7 *8 .2E"7 0E
<
*B (" <)
7 !X>
>: H1) 0$I .(! < <) ->: (>
*)7 ) !"7) #1 < .Sg"@
C)>4
*@
A)%% 3
7 7 50,
V0 )1
&
1
" 3
3
U03
*B (" " <) !K
0 < .] #%1)%% W7 ">
) &#%7 3% 3" .">
)
o "r " <r c&# l,r
?p)r J
o
rI' .5o0o,' u,.r lo
\'<
o "rI
u l\,o U
o "rI>u
t +2 o c&# )o 0o l<7p
o
r %'
'o s :&"0$
0G$7 $ &( Y Z% 50,
f< 7 ->: J
I " .^x
o 0)r l$%' c "o [
' c&# ,u7po 2,o)c80 o
.)80
" " 3
-
. J
I / , < .#" f< +
*8 .!">8
50, ,: !"," 1 #
*%
K
; !> *B (@) !K
0%
: !)01
K
; 1% .2E"7 &"
I8 *B 1% % % [ *%
!"
K
;
"
I. *#B .!1")
#, &6 *,1% ; *B Chamocho *8 .!","0
>1
H1) 0$I < .! ",$
*B !",G
/%0
*8 ,. +0")$
!","
f=K
WI
8 +0= $@ ->: C 70 /, Z01@ 1" C 70 4 P>" @
?)
"3% *B !","
C%)
7 *B " 3>
2: $" ! ",$
: [
2 V $"
./ $%
I6; "
)1%>
J
I $ 1" .":; ` &"7 3
.(MP ) 6$Q 0R ST2 0R "&U$ ( M )
GJP
1
2
4
5
6
,
!
, f<>
7 /%$
I8 0#K" .S C%",< : f< [ C%",)80 :
0; W7 ! ",$
07 ->: f<
*,1% #,7 08K
.0, !," *B ,$ *%
!","
C%6 W0. V A<
*B #B .#$(7 #B<7 ->: f0@
!"
!"0Y
&6 -,1) f<
$" 7 31" [ I #
7 ! ",$
0?) !3>1%
0; ->: f0@[
->: _,
31" [ lI 506; !4" )
:; f"K,%
-,1) !6
) &3" WI
!1")
:!X>
>: H1) 0$I < .0, + A 0
N> /%$ *B !0
ZI8 G
+00E
) 0" %
I8 *,1" [ . #%6 ->: C , f< C,; !1")
&6 f<
J>
$ 3B .f01%
a(4Y *B !6
&#
,
->: !6
26 $" [ .W
-,1
) W7 ()1
&6) (! ",$
&6) ) &# ,7 )3>"
.W"%:[ &6
#) &3" *%
:;) &"3
*B ! ",$
f"K,% *B C>$ C%< 2B0
!K
*8 #, !"0Y *,
) !1")
) ! ",$
) !<(: #
5067 !K
J,8
I8 *B (50,
/"> #"B *%
!1")
&"<) ) #) B0: < .(C<
) (CB
)
#"< &#)"> #"B *%
!1")
f8
:
< 9" (f8
) !K
2E"7 -,1
,.
*@ ; *B #>$ #,7 08K
.!F"#
!"8
!B8
#>: CB
$
G;
.SP0 >
2B8 $" J
I
/
X
*B
"% *B &#,") "B P% ->: "
0"
g"0?%
9"
>: 7 K("
*B :C, 4)E *B >%6" &80% I. 0, 8; 0
Z4:7 WI
N>
/%$ _,
$ "70 $ -%@ 0) 8)%$ 3B C%"8< C< [ :!> C"B >%6 !>
/%$>
+1% g , ->: %: < +0
7 ->: " !,")% $@?) _,
)%$
$% &1
d ,% [) #, B0% 26 , C, 6 , < ,$ 0, 87 7 ->:
C,"% *B ,")% _,
+0
>1
F >B .2" 24)E 0)1
4)E g ,
870< ; *B + !K
*8 (C<) (CB) (f<) !K>
0" % &#
7
&#E1) 3B -,1
">1% *B 0 .!>%6 K
7 #,?$ 0#KB
0< 9(G d ,
*B #>$ :H1) < +0"
87 !X>) 06U H1) < +0"
87 !X>) !1")
&"< :CB
. -,1
](J"
G$
) 50,
0K, *B A0 ->:7 8 (!"0) !>$ *8 ())) G
"=0 ->: !K>
3>47 < &#,") 23 ->:; >) !< 7 "=0 8 (P">G
)
Katholikos
($"
G$) 8 *,," 7 *8 ^* )1
#1
*B X) 50,
.&: Z,1
#"
@% 50,
,: 0
,
,%% *%
K
; *:
1) [
Q . 2"70 0" (B 50,
7 #"
V@
*
%
"=0
#) 3" .2E"7
7 2"#" $ c. :!,; *B !"I 9" *B 0 < .C, 207 E3" [ C%0@%
. C": ->: C,0"
2",0,
.(MP ) (PG /M) / / (J /M;) ( + (M /M) H$ + I,
G;M
1
2
3
4
5
6
&( Y *B !")01
*B #
1% O@ *%
K
; *8 81) ())) !K
."">8
") #
1% "" ,"
"
#) 0" (4 1
) !K
50,
") !B01
K
; 7 !X>
>: 0$I
.S50,
"=0 8 "
0?) &=3
*B !",)80
0$I\ < .!,)80
40B )1%
F% *B T>b !",)80
7 !X>
>:
r o)c80w
o 0r o)c;
p
o 20"rG$'
F . s :0B )80
0); 0"G$ *B &"0$
U03
,
&#
D
k 7 F0" C,>% "B CQ>
&0 &#
Q>" ,$ &#,. J
I .x Cr >Q
r
&#
>7 I. ,$ &#,$
&#
>" [ &#
" ,$" &
&#,. 7 .C,0"B
G;
1
2
>)F3" &#, 3" &#,: I6?"
": !:4 &#,1"4" ,$ .S &#%"))0 ,$
C1
D 0
< *=4
(&% ) W:)
F 7 0$I .&#
207 1" [ &#""7
.&8)1, ,
Q,. !D 0 " x Cr >Q
r 2)o)c07p c&# ,' o)c80 o c&8 0o o)c7p l\I6
' %u s :703"
< .->) >< :< !C,>%B D &0F F >" C,0%B D
k 7 0" "
7 :3B
. &#%): J>%B
8
*B /80%
*B q
) )80
7 0)6; 87 "0 0#K"
$?
: A,% C , )"
C">0 7 C"" *B 7 C3,: *B (
AE C , -6B
&($
: A,% &#, 7 @6
6
*@)
">3) 2"%$ /"4;
!"
6
!"=,
AE
)
f#$
2I6% ,
: 1%) C%<7 &K1 &
&( Y !",)80
!,)80
: 0
*#, 0#K" $ J
I .)1%
?%>
$7
.]D ") *B #
) #,: &( Y H: < CQ>
7 : ,
1)% #,; .#">:
&>
$7 : O,%[ !">8
87 #">: f< *%
&8"
3% )80
:
$7 ->: %<[ f#$
A
+0"; *B ,
) 27 7 2)7 J
-
. >3%, +: *8 .a
)
)>
@6
&14
/1
.^+"
ZI8 -
. f@3% 8 +0K, 0K, "I
"">8
F8
-
. 2E"7 f,;
.2G1@ &801@ ,$ J
I
#) ,%1" [ #,3>4" ,$B &801@) %#" [ ,$ $
/80
: 0F):
.(
/) 0 "/ 4, (M;
/) &$+ 0"! 4, (&+" $ /M) b "/ 4,
._X$" (&+" $ /M) b "/ 4,
a$ ;J /M) ( 5 +"/ (M
/
) (MGJ ) RQ ("X e&
01
?2 (G /M) / / (G /M) / H$ (&+" $
/M) H$ + I, (&+"
/;) b aD5T ND) (MM MM; /M) (
J /
) (" ?2 (MG /G) (M /) ("
( /M) $aR & (J /) ( /M) (MG /
) 0+ 9$ (;J /M) (JM /
) (GP
. & (;J /M) ( &T ,) (
P /) `
bT 4, (&+" $ M;M /;) &$+ 0"! 4, MPG R +"/ ( /) b "/ 4,
.(&+" $ G /M
)
G;J
1
2
3
.,
+0
: 2"1) )
:0:@
<
J
&#,:
*@
H1) B0: )80
[V8 0)67 ->: !">8
87 H1) f< <
4,[
,[ )1%
9,%
+: &#,: I6?B 0#K" ->:
,
H1) 0G?% &#)
,
: J
I) "1%) )1%
J ,%>
+"1)
!"=,
$; 0X
f#$
*B
.!",0,
>6" 7 $
I8 P>6 *B &#%
?%
-
. "B0,
*B 50,
8 (1K ) G:) G !)
H1) 0
-#, <
#>7 07 *B @%
m
: O,%[ *B
6Y *B )80
">3% ;
)80
+" ->: &#B< C
G7 -
. C)
,. @%
I8 7 0#K" ^.,>
D
l\,o U
o "rI
u o#"w7p o" s :!"`
,
[V8 P *B .+"
ZI#
!) ,
) &#% >B &#"70 ->:
.c&$\
' C >Q
u
o 7p o
r o)" 4
' l0
o %\ [
'
.(GJ /M) H$ + I,
a4, (&+" $ /) b "/ 4, (&+" $ /G) 0+ 9$ (M
; /
) b "/ 4,
.(&+" $ M;M /;) &+ 0"! 4, (&+" $
JJ /) (T5
.(; /) b "/ 4,
6$ + (" &X
6"2 01 & (" L "! $
.(
/G) ?2 0"/ 4,
$
G /G) 0"/ 4, (&+" $ G /) (U 4, 01 (" ?2 (J /
) $R &
9$ (J /
) 0/$ $R & (L$ " )4 & +"/) (M /
) (" ?2 (&+"
.(MG /
) (J /) 0+
G;;
1
2
(G:) 1%)) A
0
7 0$I .Sx
o "r%' c1 l
/
w
r " [
' Co >Q
.r l'%c1%' [
' o
*,. [7 &,
&14
,
0 &<7 ) :< &G .J
I : Z#,B Z: C>87
o" s :!"`
,B .*, ">B *%, : /b0 B
,
N$,7 &7 04B7 &<7 &,7
J , /% [ G1
3" .x l%' c1%' [
' o c&$\
' C >Q
u
o 7p o
r o)"4
' l0
o %\ [
' l\,o U
o "rI
u o#"w7p
.
%:[ 8 I8 iB
W7 a$,
J0% %)%
+00
&( Y *B +00 [ :9"
*B 0
1B 8 ) ">
P(67 "
I8 ; m%7 [ 3" 7 ; *X)," "
:!X),
< C, ./01
&($ *B f01 8 .)80
&"+, O $ ': &"7
.]
,
J0% WI
/80
*,1"
W
F I
/80
+0, -
. C"B 0@7 I "3
50 01@ *B )80
-
. 0"@7 <
+70 !"V0 /80
f< -
. 0@7 $ .C"
. %" C"B C)0 :" /80
O$0 -
.
#"
,0" f"$ !>"r
. < O&
.( /) 0+ 9$ (G /) b "/ 4,
.( ) (JJM /J) H$ + I,
6",, H O
d) SD+" fj S0*,
.(M 6$Q 0R ST2)
+/ `" 2$ $"T $,
+$ H! 01 'd)
.(JP
#
2)
?) " '" B
p ( %2 $! % >7 q"
) 0aR a 0aR STa2 (P /M) " + 2 , f: N + O &
.(JP;
G;
1
2
3
4
.C")G) f>
-
(0"
/80 *)G) -
. 0@7 < .S4@7 2)80 $ c. -%
)
>< G !F"3
!)1
$; *B )80
O43,) "" 01@
*B 0
*%
$; .]0@)
: O43, +>6 *B @"1"B ,
&#"%?" [ 9" 80I
.) 0 d,% , 503
W .^" H07 #"B )80
) 0#%@
G;G
2
3
5
6
I8 ("3
0) -
. / , ):; )1%
:C
"< $ .S2$0)% C )() %"
:")
0& $R (&$ _ "D )
")
P"B 3
") -
. C%1 ," /80
8 3
50"
.^0"
*B /80
7 0"
/ #B (*#,
) 7
(");) :!K
"">8
-
. 80)6 50,
") :@ *%
K
;
2E"7 *,1% #,7 0)6; 87 H1) 0$I .50,
"=0 ->: !
[>
8I6% <
!)01
K
; *8 .D) >" $ C) >"B "); K1" ,$ < (N"
)
I6%" ,$ ./80
J ,
8
!","0
*B 8,1 Abilo (>")7) !","0
:
:01@ *B *>8
01@
*B (");) !K
0 < .">%)%
)80
&8
V0 +:
7 0$I .N"
J
I) "07 (">"); ")7) 0 ." ) W: 01@ *B -@:;
.<,
/ 8 (*>)";) 7 .2E"7 /80
<,
/ 8 (");)
:-@:; < .<,
#) P" *%
1
()";)
G;
1
2
3
4
5
6
.S+
03
) .
:
) . .a"
0V
) *,1"
.0= -,1) Soouro (0: ) 7 8 N"
7 0:
.]/4
&>: !B01 *B 50,
&3 ->: !K>
P>4% -E0
*B &6
A,
/80
(WI>
) 7 0$I .^WI(
:!1")
&6
3"
:)3 ) < .! ",$
* ($2 b
V >f2 b&!
) )3 *B #B 50,
#"
+): AE (! ",$
) (",$
)
!K
*,1% !"0` : !)01
K
; !>$
.">
,: (A
->: !6 +0) 3>47 A O% !","0
*B (@,$) (%@,$) Knouchto
",$>
!",0)1
*B 3" .J
I$ #"
)1 ->: #,3>4" /01
, I#
.#"
",$
AE #"
+): AE ") P0% !")01
/%$
, .+(
-,1) (% ",$)
+): AE ->: (! ",$
) #"
+): AE ->: (",$
) P>4%B 50,
+):
(!1")
) 7 #"
)1% *8 ! ",$
7 -
. !X>
>: H1) /8I < .50,
.(
/M;) b "/ 4,
.(M)
.(; /
) H$ (MP;) 6$Q 5 (;G /J) H$ + I,
.( /
) H$ + I, & (;
/J) Q +"/ (M; /) (
.( &) (;
/J) ( (4+ ) ( /
) H$ + I,
L$ a" aR a+"/ (&a+" $
M /
) $5D "&U$ (
; )
.MPJJ
G;
1
2
3
4
5
6
*8 :
3B !)01
K
; #,Q7 /01
!X>
>: f0: < .S50,
)1% *#B
1E "G%
) 0
) 8t," 8> &# =,$ 50,
PF <
0 " ,$ ">
*B #%0,Y N")
#) 1E .#>6 *B #))7 ->: )>
&#"
. 0"@%
>
<?) V
@0%B O03%
"<,
#) >1 m0
#"B
*%
=,$
.J
I G7 0: 7
(" 7 +B$ !"," ) , )
.!B0
! ",$ 0, ! ",$ !"3
! ",$ :/01
50,
,: +0")$ !0 ) %$
.! ",$ ->: W7 (/,
0
->: /">) -
. !X),>
01@ *B 0"@7 <
7 " 7 ,. W7 CQ>
P>6 P>6) 2#)@ O,
*@
G%
G% 0
"G%
) C} ," =,$
,$ < ."G%
*B 0
>1
67 .]
"1" $ -
. &,e
&( Y !)0 -
. 20K, .N"
+" 3
/%$
9
F @7 :9"
*B
.&( Y *B #,: *#,
0
&,; +): ,Y +0$I -
.
.^ 0
!"3
&" 2)I: ,
,)
!"
:
) !>1
)
) "0@)
=,$
" &0
$ <
! " ") ,$ +): 53% ") ,$ . +0"; =,$
.+0"; =,$
$ # *,0,
B &0>
" #,
#)8I $ # !",0,
0@, .C)% +:
ZI8 +=B !",0,
0@%, *B "
+"31
*B C,6. -
. "" 7 F ) [ C)8I
.""4,")>
+0")$ !",
! ",$
!,"1 ! ",$) 6 !K
#,7 [
Q . ! ",$>
5067 !K
!")01
*B
*B 8,1 *B
0U ""0)6e
.("Q>3\
) :*8 !K>
1, !,") !80)7 8,) *%
!)01 !")0: !"3
>$>
0" %
". *B !6
&#%3"04 ->: ",) #>7
J
I
*8 .2="@ 807 B01" [ *%
.(
J /;) H$ + I,
.(
J /;) H$ + I, (MPP /G) (
.(6R ) (MMM /) H$ + I,
.(&+" $
J /;) 0"/ 4, (;P /
) b "/ 4,
G;P
1
2
3
4
+)1
AE ->: !
[>
">8
#>1% *
K
; 8 A")
A
.!","0
I67 !)01
K
; !1")
7 -
.
>1
/8I < .50,
,:
0"G$ *B !)< ,$ #,; !)< !1") -,1) (%1)) 8 !","0
*B !K>
7
.^!"@)
#,7 -
. &#E1) /8I J
I
J
I$ !"@)
*B >1% < .]!"3
=,$
!3(
A; C3(% W7 70
A%
,) $ !1
:/01
!X>
>: <
lo #
u H
{ c1)o )r &#E
o c1)o
o u,
Cr >u
A lBo [
' c
'o s :U03
*B (A")
) -
. 0"@7 < .C 70) C,I7
&#)>b7 $
.#"
)1% !1")
7 -
. !X>
>: H1) /8I < .x TA"o )r o A r o
o
.50,
)1% #,7 ->:
I8 *B ./0? ->: C,F WI
0"#@
(!80)7) _, *B .(!1")) !K
0 <
.(!1")
<) W7 ("o1) <) :!> _,
% 7& ." L
] R)! &# L) ",
. Ency., II, p. 144, Raccolta, III, p. 127 (H#) (M /;) ( ( ) (H]r )
.(M) +
(
MJ ) 6$Q 0R ST2 0R "&U$ (&+" $ MP ) L2+
.(M)
G
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.S"0E6
"">8
,7 &($ *B 0 #,7 0$I $
."">8
-
. !) ,
0)6; H1) *B *>8
01@
*B 80 -
. 0"@7 <
.50,
C 0#K" $ 8 (!>"3) ) N"
):) -
. / , 01@ *B 0
.^*"%
0) ) <0)
-
. / ," 01@ *B ])1 ) 4"3
-
. / , ") *B 0
3" .U03
*B 0 -,1
I#) .)80
$ W7 ./80
(!"(<) ) 6
0aR ST2 0R "&U$ (
/) H$ + I, (& +"/ (PJ) D ("
.(&+" $
M ) 6$Q
GM
5
6
7
8
>3%, ; I8 .J , 7 /80 !B0b Z,1 Kelliyon 8 *,," 7
!"3) &G !6 +0) &?@
() 50, ") 0@%,B (%"Q><) 0B !","0
-
. !K>
*8 :
3B !)01
K
; #,7 !")01
>: f0: < .!")01
>6 #, 50,
$ 9"
*B 0 < .50,
): W7 &#%): ") *8 +I($ /"01%
,%," *B 9, [ Q,. :2)%$ C
)%$ 9" &?@
50, A 0: N> *B 80$I 0
*%
,
->: 83>4?B -,1
*B 1 % 50,
7 08K
.]!">< [ ! ",$
-,1) #>7 !<04)
!,04
0 ->: 83>4?B #"B 1 % &G )80
#,$ "
.^d$;
.(6#) (G /) H$ + I, (GJ /
) ( (J /
) 2+ b )" (JP /J)
.(&+" $ M ) L2+
G
1
2
3
4
G 50,
01@
-% .&801@ *B +0"; 0$I &( Y !">8
*B
01@
0G$7
&84: (3>: *,)) C"B &, C,; 0"
0$I) Z01@ *B &,Q0%" (W)1
" ) W:)
.S
) ! 06
&G
" [ C,$ ./80
") W7 0 -,1) Dayr (0") 8 *,"0
C"B )1%" 50,
$ 8 0"
7 !")01
>: f0: < .])80
$ #) 6
$" [ )80
C"B )1%" ") 0"
7 (W
<") 0$I < C) ,$ " )80
0
*B $ iB )
V0 W0
*B $" ,. &K:; 0
*B $"
*B $% 503
*B $% $ $ *B $% +0"; 7 0"b ^!1") 7 ! ",$ C,iB &K:;
.)
V0 *B W)
*B $% $
WI
0"
/ *,0"
7
>1
H1) 0$I < 0"
/ (*,0"
)
.0"
70 8 C)7 70 I. 0>
3" ."< 0"b ->: / , .Z01" C,$ "
.&#"
0"
"=0 #>$" *%
!""
:;) &"3
.+)1
f@3%
8
*B &#%<
GJ
#) >" &83: #"B 31" ,$ 3B &# , *B !0 +0"; ZI#
$ I
&7 <1%" "Y 3" ,$ 9" &8)1 *B ",G
C>1" $ , ->:
&#E1) >" ,%" ,$ 0"
I8 *B
0" +0
*B 50,>
$B G;
.SP3
->: H1)
:
9" (>%
) 01@ *B 0 < .0 0"
! ",$
!1")
:&#
3) !")01
>: #B0: < (a0"$;) (a0$
) !K
!")01
B0:
7 !K>
.^ &8":7 H1) *B 50,
#"
. m06% AE ") :a0"$;
0$I ./80 J , ") ") $ d$ -,1) Kourho (0$) 8 *,"0
->: 83>47 I. J
I$ &#," 07 *B 50,
#>1% *%
K
; /0
C"B &Y &V" !>)3
-
. 0"@" 9" 2E"7 &( Y *B >1% < .&# =,$ 0
/"0 7 !X>
>: H1) 0$I < ."Q>
.(
P
) 9$,1 b >f"
.(MPG )
Ia, (
MJ ) 6$Q a 0aR ST2 0R "&U$ (GPG) 2+ b )"
.(J
/J) H$ +
9" L 0C1 .7 ` (
9 )Q L> ( &
.(M
/MJ) 5 ( /;) 2+ b )" (; /J) (
.(
M;
M
) 6$Q 0R ST2 0R "&U$ (
J )
G;
1
2
3
5
6
7
)80
) !3>1%
K
; !> *B (0?%
) (0%
) !K
!")01
>: 0$I
.C , /80
!1 #,?) &#E1) #B0: < .!,)80
./80
)1 7 ./80
AE 7 !1
0"
-,1) (3
) 7 0$I
.!" 0
!>$
7 7 0$I
*B !1
!="#$ C,7 )80
!,$7 2E"7 $ 8 ()0X
) 7 0$I
.!)01
K
; #,7 0#K" .A%0
,) $ C,7 .C:%0 C=,) ! ,8
< .">8
#">: f< *%
!",0,
K
; !"0
*8 !,4 [
""1
) "B01
)80
H1) C<B )1%" $ WI
1
-,1) /01
8I6%
!K
0 B .(
WI) -
. Z) , 01@ *B (4 ) -
. 0"@7 < .Stylites
.SA%0
/80
AE #,?) (!,4 [) (4 [)
G
.S/80
AEB !#,
7 ./80
8 *#,
&#Q,
$ (!#,
)
:< I. .($"#
) !K
-@:e
01@ *B 0
*
F )0 - ": &"0 +0 C"B 50,
") :$"#
7 !X>
>: 0$I"
50,
") * C, 0")$ $
&"K1
,)>
1% &"K1
:$"#
7 .&80" C)
.(>$"8) !"0` *B ($"8) !",0)1
*B 0% *8 !)01
K
; !K>
.]$"#
.^"",G
)1 0")$
)1
c"%X>
*B *,1%
.N")
>1% " =,$
+0"; J
I$ "
0 !"3) )80
$ <
.(4">
) 8 =,$
*B <" N
6 C
WI
"
7 !X>
>: 0$I
< .!1@ cW7 Candela 8 *,," #>7 !)01
K
; ",< :!K
.&?@
() /01
+0" ") W0%
%[ P"04 : &( Y )< !")01
-
. >6
.(
M;) 6$Q 0R ST2
.(
J) 6$Q 0R ST2 (
;) &&*Q (M;; /G) (
0aR STa2 (M) (R & + (
/M;) ( (&+" $ M /MJ) 5
.(
) 6$Q
.(
P)
(
) 6$Q 0R ST2
.(G; ) 04K L& 4
.0"$& +"/ (JG) L*4
.(/) (J
/) ( (M /) H$ + I,
.(
P)
GG
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
< .
#">: />b &80"b : &8"%
!6 )( "
0 )
.)80
F8
# )>" $ *%
)(
) (a
) (N
) !K
%6
:"",G
#"
)1 : 50,
)1 " *%
!<0
(1
&87
)1
<7 : (:n
80=, *B =,$
a4 PB /," WI
(<,
)
+0"< 5067 !)@6) #">: O03" !>"4 !)@6 "">8
,: 8 !","
H0
;
I7 /0G" #" ,: P)
)3 *B 8 .(")
) (!>")
) !K
#">: 3>4"
2E"7 (A,3
) ) /0G" /0: ") P)
I8 f0: < .+)1
: : (:Y 07
H1)
&#E1) 50,
Z41%"
*@ 0)@
7 !X>
>: 0$I < .](0)@
) )
C"B N,"
*@ 0)@
7 0$I C,"1) )03
8 :&#E1) < . C) )03%" )03
$
.^*,0): C>7 /F01 8 #"
,: P)
#B
>%
0:@>
") *B 0 :*>8
01@
*B (<,
) !>$ 0 <
.(G; /
) ") 0+
.(MJM /M) ( ?R $ ?, $ ?" & $$ ?
.(M
G /) ( (&+" $ M
/) p O&7
G
/;) H$ a+ I, H$# 6"$" H &#$ ( "D) (
P /J) H$ + I, (P /G) (
.(&+" $
H#$ ,#D$ $& &+"
_ / 6$ " 0$# L
.(MPJ .T"X) (H $1 +"/) (M) H, ($&
G
1
2
3
4
-
. "); ZI8 *B 0"@7 < .]01" ) e
-@:e
S0)$; h<0>
01@ *B
*B "<,
ZI8 ,$ < .+(
< > 0
,) 2,I".
#
1) "<,
O0<
ZI8 !X>
>: H1) 67 < .^ " 3
)80
)80
#:03" +0"; *B 503
7 !K>
.!":7 7 !")01
>6 *%
!)01
K
; !> *B !>$
.(@<,) 8 (*,"0 )
G
*B !>$
ZI8 0 < .(,1@8) *,0): 7 (",1@
) (",1
)
J
I$ !",0,
K
; 5067 !K
#1 0 &?@
50, A (0:) N> !"
N
": *,G
+( ]N
o ": *,G
&"
*B &3% !)%0 *8 (9:)
) *8
; !"0` !)01
K
; !> *B !X>
>: 80$I < .^f=4
H1) *B
50, N
(0:) 7 (50,
3 % ) #,7 0$I .(9:)
) &#E1) #>1
.A")
=,$
-
. /8I
) C"B )03%"
5
C4 %
(*>: ) +I8) C"B a" -@:e
") *B (N
) ": -
. 0"@7 <
&" !) ,
J
I &#>%3) 0
&F 8 &"% *,) 50 7 0" 7 != : m0BY) 0
",3
01" :@
<"B C) >%" !">8
50, $ < .N
&"
I#
01" WI
",3>
"< -% #) %n
#,3" m0
) =,$
="E"
.(N
",<)
&a7 a" $ .&+ $ " $" )&"! +, k (! e& 01$ .(+ ! "$
(
M
) a
(
M) (
PJ /M) H$ + I, (+ $ '$^$ 3
.(&+" $ J
) MP ST2 R :_ D ?2 (+D &! (7
0a1$ .3 a &a7 (+ $$ R$7" X$ (+ $2 5 X # X$ ) $R& X [(!
a") &a7 6a"# .N$ + &7 $ : RQ (" 6# .(+ $2 5 X$ 3 / D :e&
(
P /MJ) ((+a) (M /M) ( ($+ l&$ ?2 $ 6#$ . + 0 $$ .h$"d"
.( &)
.(
M)
.(MJ)
.(e+") (MM /
) ( (e+") (PJ /M) H$ + I, (
P /MJ) (
.(
MG) (J
/J) 0
Q
:b&"+ &T (" b&7 6#
+) ) b> Oad"
,"1 O " 07 $ )"
) 01 `1 6&#
ad) (& S6 22T"
: 2 (" H$Q +D 01 & $$ .(
MG) (J /J) ( (J /P) 0
Q
f,4 6"> l$D$ `4 '"D TT+ 9") '7
.(
MG) (;P;) S +D
GP
3
4
5
6
7
."I7 I !>"4
*B 50,
83" *%
$; 0)3
!0E; +0"; =,$
,$
.C
>>
/0
-
. /03%>
#,3" ,$ .
3
A% AE $%B .&8":7
?) &801@
20#K. 0)3
3" ,$ .&#"B J0)" &#">: " ?) C"
%>
&"; F :7 ":; &"7 .&#)>< *B
[ &#,7 0"b &#,: 1%) &8<0B c. &8%
:-%
") /)0; ") +0"
_6% ?) &"; 07 *#B J
I
,Y ->:
.0)3
:D7Q 6#
aD5 L $
(aT () >B
.(
M) (JG /P) H$ + I, (J
P /M) (
> Sf 01 &7 $ 'd) &+" ( " Lt1
.(MJ)
GG
GGM
GG
.S
*B 8 "%b\B 07 &G 1,
C, I. J
I $% -%
1,
J> /) 8 $ 0X
-)%" ->: 2)%$ C>1 (50 $) 7 0$I
.0I,
)
!",0,
->: W: f< 5 8 W: 07 AE
I8 *B ,#" WI
#
">B C%" 506; *,
7 .+0"
87 , *B C , *B #)0 % q>)
C, m06% , WI
"
,, 8 "))1
C)0E7 W: 01@ .$
I8 *B
."")1
C,6. ,: W: ,: !",0,
*B ,"70
/ ,
01@
2#B ,">: # 7 , , -
. /0<7 W: -
. / ,
01@
-
. "% *%
!")
/"
; +00% !"0E CK
7 C",1 "">8
!"3) -
.
I#
.0; 0"G$ *B
01@
J=
7 /8I f
6" 8 >$
1%
]
01@
/8I #%
6
" ) W: [ V *)7 01@ W0% [ +0F
,$
[ *%
",
ZI8 0I%
*B 8
*B 8 Z01@ 0"G$ .C"B !"0` !" 0
!",)7 ZF"@ Z<7 &b0
) ; !"#,)
"; 0"$I% *B ->: #
&%
0:@
I8 +" : 0)6; 87 Z0$I" A / ,%" 01@
I8 .!38@ 0< !6E
Z01@ *B .C"B C
"%b
C
6 +?B C43 &G /%0
->:7 Cb>) C, P
?%
[ #,$
+I"I
+" *8 #>=< 8E< *%
+"
: 9%% 06
*B "3
*B =<
) *#%,% &G % 7 #
) [ ); -
. A)4
) &%
(&a+" $ ;
G) S +D (&+" $
G ) MP;; 6$Q ($) 6$Q ST2 _ D
.(MP; O ) (M ) ! 0" 7 , 2 01 " + &< u d, $ ,$)
Ency., I, p. 137, Brockelmann, I, S. 29, Rothstein, S. 109, Nldeke, Geschichte der Perser
und Araber Zu Zeit der Sassaniden, S. 512, Islamic Culture, IV, p. 31, ff.
GGJ
2
3
4
5
[ /">
) - "1) V" *,0, 0B 0"$%
?%
-
. :" ")
I8
!">8
*B !",G
!)1$ G; &,; A &>1, $ !$B .!$ /0) & 3" 7 $"
) .20$ 4"@
: 2 0 !",G
G; 50" *,0, 0 #)0) & 3" f"$B
+0 ") ->: !$ /0) !$) & <7 C,2 ,E0B
.(;M) S +D $5D
GG;
,$ +0"
*",G 7 "" A,3 "
,"
">B 1,
J>
-
. 2)03% ",G
/01
7 !$) ,$ "",G
J=
7 &,7 7 0)6; 87 7 0$I" &
.!$ /0) ,V"
C"
. j" $ !> *B (")
/0) -
. " !$ 0" ,$ +0"
87
C,7 !$ !" 3) 2,V 2",G $ (1,
) J>
7 0)6; 87 "0 *B 0" &
./01
#"B 0
) J>
I#
+0 !$) & <7 ,. 2": ?) H0
-
. /8I, -% #"
j
>
0E" +0"; 0" "
I#) 2,V $ C,. !",0,
" ->: $ C,7
&G .&,; ") ")) & 3) " 7 A)4
) $" [ "%
,
I8 ->: 0
/0) :"3B &( Y *B "%
+"3: I67 *( . N>4 8 (!$ /0) N>4 7
.S(")
I8 /0) (")
:< 9" J
I$ #) -@:;
2 (" W*$ 0
V # "
:")
I8 (W:) 01@ 7 0$I
J
-
. &#, TH1) /8IB (O
I) ) Z0 *B
>1
f>%6 <
.J < n # O $ x L
w ["- A ]>-
\ - $^&"^ [+- A1] v
:($& 01$ (MM )
2 ("$ l&$ 0# "
0,$ @
Y 0"$R$ 0C1
.( ) D7Q ($&
.(h&$) (M; /) H$ + I,
GG
1
2
/01
,$ #) f>" $ a, !," "< C,"1) G 7 G; (O
I) 7
.S80% *B O
P>1" $ C,; !)1$
"< .O
I) :3% #) & 3%
$ .9
G
) "Y W7 9">G%
+"3: : 9%"
*@ W: 01@ *B 0" &
NF) /"% /0 8 .(D) 8 /0 ) +"3: -
. +0@Y 8 C"B 0
.
,
+"3: /"0< &>1 8 $ *( . W70
I8 .P(6
."); :<,
:")
I8 W1
/ ,
G
1
2
2,a a#
Y B
GGG
4
5
.03
E3
) ">=3
/8I ->: $ C,7 W
F 1
/ ,
01@
! 0 0#K"
< .C">: =$ 03
*@ F 0 C,$. *B "
@" C) 1" 03
&$
AE6 =$ $B
W0" [ 2" N)7
*B C) m
F 7 1) J@ [ W: , *B +"31
ZI8 6 0
: m0% #,; f0K
ZI8 G *B A3" 0G$7 #) &> " +"3: *8 .C) A," WI
.7 &8 !
ZI8 *B 8
0
/%," : f"6%
H1) f6% ,
!":%[ f0K
) +0")$ !> #
+"3: 0) 0" ,Y ?) 03
) "Y
.!
6
!","
0` "
*8 ,[) 4"% *%
;)
7) *B *8 "); ZI8 G P"%1
#1
"$ #"B ")7 W1
) ,
:P>6
Xd 6a >B
j (7
X$Q 'a,aU a1 7$ a1
fa5 X$ %a ,1 h&a aj$
fD &a# () a7 S 6VT7$
fa+1 6aR S$ S L,
f1 &a# 6 ("$ a ("
f2 a V$ S0D a5U ()$
J
f"2 b> 2 01 9$ 54"
GG
1
2
.S">B 7 -
. 2b 43 " 3B "">: ->:7 *B C ,
51
): .(51
):) Z
& 0$I% 5067 !"0 J,8
F 7 0"b 2",0,
GG
.]0
) C,"F c7 1) $"#
*B /80
C), /">
-
. 0"@" Z0% &G .N"
G%
C
0% *B C> *B Z: " Z:0" ,Y *$" /0
. C"B #, /03%
1
GGP
$
6) ",
ZI8 *B 7 "
50 $ ->: A<
,
. .SZ): ,Y .
."
&" /
91)
: 9" C"B .">
$
; >6
l< J
I *B $ 8 +0"
87 a, : I8 C"70 -@:; I67 #B
9" a, : 2G% $ 7 OE
!"$
f01" 2",0, (
2 0 2)46 2G%
,
A%% &
2,$ Z07 [ 07 J
I *B )
7 A<
.C," C"70 #B 3%1" C) ""
:E
ZI8 G7 *B NE W70 m%,%
0
$%"
+0"G$ !"6"0?% 0
.` -% 3%,% &
!,F
#,K 0% &
*%
+31
(6"@) /; /8I .2",0, $ (-@:;) -
. Caskel ($ $) /8I <
*B 31% $" &
C,7 -
. /8I $
Z0,% (>$0)) F 2E"7 /8I
I8
*B 0 06U ") C," *B c"%") C%",0, ->: ($ $) % < .^!",0,
.C>=< !",0, ->: (
2 "
$" 7 A<
*B $" [ 5067 +"<
+0"
): 8 (-% ) -"") C%"0 50 2"0< $ C,7 0$I
,t .7 %$ ( 4/,
G
3
4
5
06
&#, W0%@" &#"%?" $ +0"
50, "")1
03
*B I8 C)8I I67 C,
:")
I#) 03
*B I8 C
< ->: #@% < .J
I Z,3>B
M
f2 fa $$ 6
C>: 03 ->: " C, W70 4),% $%7 &>B (-@:;) 01@ 10 <
!<(: C
Z0$I B .&#,") 50,
Z0"b P1% 7 C31% 5 ->: !",0,
)
% J$% C
PB` *B /F *$I 0:@ $ 046) *%?" &:
*@ 8 !",0,
)
."
J
I
&#B " +"3: ->: (
2 "
$" 7 N>" [ 8 &80"X) 7 50,
)
:< C,7 0$I a, !," : &($ (W1
) 01@ *B
7
^ 7$>2 X
% $/ T$2
. D X 0" k
w &
.]!"0
# $
!"; #,. "< < >
*)7 ) !"7 01@ , ->:
50,
,: !B01 ,$ >$ 'K
7 0$I 0"b "06U 01@ *B ,
"3
W0 ")
(*,")I
!X),
) 01@ *B 0 &#%: &#%): -
. 0@.
7 H1) ->: <B >%0 "E0; *B B4 &80"b "06U 0 ) 7
.&801@ *B #"
. 0@?B 50,
.(M) $ (P /) 0
Q
.(7) (;
/M
) (
.(J
M) 0"T (&+" $
GJ /M) *, 0! (G;M # ) ( /J) ":
GM
1
2
3
: -
. 067 ") *B 0@7 ]D ") #>$ ` 7 "%
) "" $ C,7 C, &#" $@
.^ l3
&0.
G
J0% &#, S!"@6 2)03% /0
-
. :" D )1" !"=,
+0"; A")
8I67 *%
K
; *8 .(+(
) & ZI8 &#%> ->: 3>4 < .) *B 20G7
) #"B " ,$ *%
AE
B0: .(&0. *,)) 50,
J=
7
.C"B )1%" WI
AE
8
/01
,$ ]50,
f,; ,: !B01
1
O$0
$ <
,. 7 .^ D -
. A$0 :
3" G; )1" &
I. 21$0 f",
- % !">8
*B
&0%[ ") ->: &#= V0
=,$
*B &# V0 , J
I
&"K1%>
$B V0
)80
+: $ < C "3% D 0$I W7 N") %
+(
) P>%
.*@1
-E
*B " [ +(
1) N") %
:b&Q $j 6#
GJ
2
3
4
5
50B !","
H0
) 3" &#, )80
" [ "
0 $ <
" " 3
"%0% f0: < .!"@
7 X,) !":; 0"
>%0"B !:
J
I
"< 2"6 C% *B 3
/04 I. .S
6) &X,
!
*B J
I (&,"#
)
.(1@%
) 0)
+(% *B ",X%>
"< < .!>1@
J
I
3"B -,X% I. 7 .(!
)
:
) C% P>47 I. 7 .] &80#B *B 1% I. &#%
0< :#"
!>1@ :0
.! 3
&#)%$
/%$
87 "%0% ->: 3>47 *%
>$
>
.^0?
J
I
3"B
H1) *B J
I -
. 0"@7 < .>
) B
*B ",Y +0%
V03" ,$ 3B
C, A"0%
C
3" ,$B C3> *B ",Y X, _6@
0 I. 7 .9";
.",Y A0 :&#
<
."1%
8 50,
,: _6 -,1 ->: % ,$ *%
K
; (q")%
)
.!,%6
+04
!1"0@
!>
"
!X)
7 !X>
>: 0$I .">8
CB0: <
.!X)
*#B C">: D > &"80). %%6
:"i &D!$ ."
OS # '"D $$ .L$ :
H$$ X
ZB
) ?2 " ) ?
X 0a45 fa) : :O&"7 $"! 6# z l> :6# .'7 k * 7 fB e& 01$
:e 6#$ .45 OS # '1 ! # b! . 01 :$ 7 (" 64/ e& 01$ ...4^
1 # .$ 6# X!
.(MMM /P) H$ + I, (M /MG) ( . k h
^ &d1 [b!
'7 &! B ,) '7 k 0* 7 e& 01$ .)! &7 H$2 f) TT :b $2 6#
ea"# e& 01$ .045 L$" )! &7 '$$ f) $ :6# .TT (7 B$ :H$2 ! 01
&a) X 0a45 L$ :TT .b,4D '" LTT, X 0 '" . , _" .R+" b>$ :D! ("
.(MG /M) ( 4^
.(6+D) (JPP /) H$ + I,
.S7&a" 'B L$ ?1 $ :+R 6#$ ...R,$ h *, ? ',$ ?1 : i2$ d2 d2 d2
'a" B i2 ' $ B j! 0d) :e& 01$ .S7&" h *, >B 62$ TV 7 k B 6
m 2 d2$
.(MM /) ( k B ($ d2, L&+ B ,2 5 : 5< e& '$ .","
/) (a (JJ /P) H$ a+ I, (&+" $ ;
) L2+ ( /;) e&
01
.(
GJ
.(JG) (M
/P) (
G;
3
4
N
< . &#,0," !"1
*B 8
,)7 X% 50,
,$ .S #"B
[ 2") X)" [7 ->: &0
H0?) P>
"< 0
14< 1) /
o >X% *,) 0 :
K
:&#
3) (!"1
) B0: .]!1E !<
&#">: 7 ->: &#," ->: Z80$"
3" 50,>
07
8 .+0#4
8,1 !1
I
) "I1 /01 !"1
.^&80"X
%6
$ C
0"#4% C,7 "3%1 &8
C"B X" ",Y C">: ->%" )
&8"1%
=,$
-
. [
2 47 &#,I6?" &8[7 1" !">8
50, $ <
.q")%
"X%
:C
"< < .50,
0= 1" , ->:
01@ *B C"
. 0"@7 < 50,
#"
,: !B01
!","
&$; &
#"
7 !">8
87 f0: < ./
% ) 0,
-
. / ," ") *B >
*)7 ) !";
->: &
H0B ->: &($
,G7 *B
0@: *B &# -
. 0"@7 < " ,$
J
I J
I$ 50,
&) &>: "">8>
$" 7 )[ E0 0#@ &#") ">
. (%6 &#) &#
%[ !"%,
0 < .N"
0 #) < ("0
) !",0,
>4
-)E) -
. / ," ") *B (W0
) !K
0 .&"0$
U03
AE *B !K>
"G)
H1) Ao 0 < .(*0)
+407 ) 90
)
G
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
N"
/>) &83%:[ 50,
,: !B01
>4
&87 /">
C,)," C) 2,"% 2$0)% &#<,:7 ->: C,3>1" 0 .!",0,>
20 0 -% C">:
f0: < .C) <7 < .50,
F)1% ->: !(: $"
#))< &# =,$ 0=, PB
C%#) ->: C 0" &#E1) $ -% 201@ C
&8I6% C) 50Q,
J % >
.C) &80 ,"" 2$0)% C) %" C,G>" ,$
GG
.^(W"Y 4"3
) -
. / ," ") *B (!") !K
0
->: 3
/%$
0 7 ->: "",0)1
,: 3>47 . 3
!> :)3B (3
)
!X),>
01@ *B 0 < ."; H1) *B &"1%
/) ->: 2,"7 _"6%
")
:8
#$+ -
($2 1 $#
.N"
" ->: &8 !, X
C) a 3B 50,
/%$ #) <
-,1) (0 ) !>$ ",Y +0%
/%$
/%$
0 ;) 0
r
) <
G
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
!K>
.!"1
&G` /7 C"B >6"B 0@
1) /I1
C"B $" WI
AE
(&,"#) (&,") 8 "
>: "<0@%
W70 ->: *,0): 7
.
1) 0
C"B /<1" WI
AE
&,# *8 *%
Gehenna (C,#) !K
G` C"B -3>" .H0; 2 0)$7 2 A H0; % A3" AE 8
!")7 OE *B f>%6 < .)I1" C"B 3)"B ./0
!1"0@ &#%
6 ",
*B &#G.
-
. /8I &#, W)7 /I1
7 +
6 &,# 7 570 &#,B &,#
3) /"I1%
.]/"I1%
#%, 1) AB0% #,7
8 8 :01@
I8 7 !B01
.^#"B /"I1%
!""$ #
1
2
a2 ,&a2$ 6 L^ :b $& (" k &"7 6# :(M
; /J) )7 (X _D& g d, 01 & $ 4
! +D 01 ',&2$ %D X
Z B )>! 1 )>,! &#$ ./$ ?",, B I, > :L 1 & +D 01 % )>
:6# 'C1 L 0"! ("
aR! a+a/ (&a7 X$
p " ( a2 $&, f1
2 $# (7 W 7!$
L $ R a2 L"D >B
:(G /P) 5 01 L" b$ $
2 a+/ X (&a7$
a" 0 ", X a2
:&5 2$ 2 01 '$# (MM /; L$#) u 4 (" 6&+ )>$
&5 2 01 k ($2 , X$
)"! 0" 01 & (" , !
:(J
/ I,) 6# .D7Q +D 01 2 & $ &#$
> (2 7&2 2
' $7&$ f 05 L$7&
.(&+" $ ;G
)
G
GP
2
3
4
(,") :
(*%""B,
) P"04)
7 "" Barkebraeus (W0)1
: !,
_3
*B
"),; _< /%$ *B ""0)6; /%$ *B ,
0"b ",; -
. 7 +0%
0 7 H1) -
. C>7 A0" 2($ !>G7 2< "E
,$ !">8
87 7 "">8
: 3, <
I8 7 $V, 7 A"4% , [ ,,7
) /8 0); /1$ G /%$
87 !> 7 /%$
87 C< "
C,7 C,B01"
0"b /%$
(,@
) (>%
) Z0G$7 _3
. &G .&#,") 6B ">
->: C),
,"" 8 f01
I8 : "; H1) *B Tc1) C"B $@) W0 !",,3
./%$
87 &>1) /01
!B01 5 ->: &$
*B 20"G$ !",
ZI8
1
2
Sprenger, I, S. 131.
Ency., II,p 504.
G
I. ."">8
*B !",0,
!"#">
0G7 q>) ""1% *B +0")$ !"87
e
*B 0% &
G7 &,7
7 : f@$
*B (#
) : < "",G
7 ,$
5 : f@$
*B : 506; ""0)6; /%$ *B [ *)>$
)[ &,; /%$
- % *%
!",0,
; 7 !"#"
e
iB !">8
87 , *B !",G
X>X%
"">8
0G?% 5 : aBY *B +0")$ !"87 ,"
. 80)6 *%
!">8
87 #)
->: 7 #" " ->: ,$ ,7
7
; ZI8 $% 7 &(
"
.c"%,"
)
$% [ #,7 0"b #"> "?) /
X
*B 4)%0 #
$ c.
;B !",0,
"
.
; 0"%6 *B 6 3%:[ 1
H1)
!=")>B #)7 " ->: (
2 "
2=
50, 7 2#" ,$ #)7 7 ->: 80$I, [
7 Z0$I, iB J
I ->:
*B *8
7 >" ,$ "">8
H1) 7 -
. +0@Y ") ->: 80$I, ,. 2%
.50,
#"
7 /
X
",Y +0%
*B +0
; 80$I, 7 /" *%
; ZI8 !1">4 *B
") #
6 .50,
#"
0"G$ -F % #) !B01 !",0, !",0):
7 *#B
J>%) !">8
87 - % &#,") "
J>% H1) ->: "
/01
"">8
.
;
./>4
): ) 90
) !1")0 ) &U C" *: < &U :
; J>% !>
ZI#
0" %) ("0 ))
< .!$ N%B &" C *),
AE WI
8 !">8
*B %\<
-
. 0@" &
A,
P,1
WI !3
"4
-,1) 7 !; #,7 0$IB !" %
") ,$ *%
" %
8I67 % 1)% 7 [ *,7 0"b .S0@)
*)7 &U & ) #
!<(:
GM
W)1
" ) W: F (f0 ) /"7) C) f0:
3B (/"7) 7 .(": .)
WI
8 !)
W0,; " )
6 /"7 )7 C) -,$Q % $ 0$ ) /"7
G
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
C *) () ) C 0 0,; S*,#
)
.]W0,; !> )
"">8
") !B01 ,$ #,7 ->: "
01@ !> 01@7 *B J
I 0 00$% <
: : "=0 . *,) _< 0#K "1) 7 J
I
$" c7 ) [ I8 .+0#@
O4% " [ (
2 0 1 WI
_3
I8 C6 ->: C)>X% C)0 C$>
.">%3
f" C"B *E% [ 2:0 0B C"" ") [ WI
"
E) C">: />X%
.(
J
)
.(P) (MGP /;) ": (
$
# ) (;GJ /M) ": (M
P /
) " &!
.(;GJ /M) ":
:1 / 6#
*, Ha" &$$& @ $a" >B $
.() 1 / ($& (JP) S +D (
)
:b (" ( 6#$
" &$$& @ ( %& /$
$# ,5! 3 " `4
.(
J) (MP) , 0"Q
:0"* ?2 (" 6 6#$
"f S $ , 5,
O R, &$$& (" @ ( S*"$
.(
J) (
;) , 0"Q
:&"$
a+$ O$a " ($a) &a $
'+ (! &$$& ( (7T$
$ a a
n+ 6a
l& a! 'j4 &&a ?
.(
J) (b&5 +"/) (J) &" ($&
:D7K$
a+1 7 H+ aR! 7
a" b&a2 &$$& @ ($
.(J) S +D (
J)
:6&2 (" f$
_ 4, "! ( 2 )
)D &$$& @ ( 5&
:*! '$
_a1< 01 ("
6a
GJ
1
2
3
4
9 : 9%
!) , *B 0B & -@:; 01@
6" &
F7 .SO0
->: C($ *B 06U AE *B $ &"; )% ,Y ->: 08
%:
.01
4 ->: C($
,G7 *B Z0$I 3B _0); "):
F
Z0"6 %) +0"
J> 1,
a *B #
< !X),>
")7 *B ("> ) f0:
.^"06U
01@
01@ *B C$> !1 ) !6
!",); C=,)) J
I G) f0: .]0%
,)
J,#B 0
&"7 *B !">8
*B @: 0 !>
2>: "> & 0 <
G;
5
6
"
)
6 +<(
m06 !> *B $ !>"3)
0aD , 0"! (" ($ )! (" 0R ($ (JM /
) _ ,DX e (" ( 6R
",7 (" D (" ($ (" ($ O&& (" $ 7 (" ($ 07T5 & (" ($
Ia, (
J
) a (&a+" a$ M
/
) ": (&+" $ J /
) " &m! 0D
.(J;; /) H$ +
fa 0"! &$$& @a (
)a (! )" 7&$
.(J;; /) H$ + I,
fa @ ( ) SX&2
" 6) '1$ 9a '1
.(
J
)
6a> S*# 6) a @$
+", aR L$a 6)$
.$ f 6 1 X V
R ( '+21 &$$& @ & ! (
JJ) (PP) " ($&
a a$ 'a7 k 0" ( 01 $#$ :b " (" 6# . R) +D! 01 .> 6R$
.(J;; /) H$ + I, (&+" $ MP
/M) ( O% $ * l 1 f$
.(MG /P) H$ + I, ( /;) 2+ b )"
(a fa: 6a"# a" V, ( R! & $!$ SQ" # & $! &#$ (
JP)
. & ( /;) 2+ b )" (2
G
5
6
,$ ">8
0G$7 7 ,"70 3B 50,
) !6
1
$% &
!" %
ZI8 *B
): 51
): G &#
!" % J
I I6%" &G !#
` Co
Y 2): &# ,7 >1"
!",G
!#
` & 0,% 70)% !",0,
,$ >B .J
I G7 F ): 9X"
.N"
& #> >7
):) +0"
) !3>: *,) H0?) WI
!K, 0" / !>K,
& $
m ->: _0
) !)%$ !)%$ 0"
0 ->: &#,7 "0)6; 0$I" (N"
$" N"
): ) !>K, !,; P
!"[
!) 3
$"#
I8 *,) :0
. !>K,
-46
0$I $" !1
) ZV"
7 0$I" $ C "3% ",
3) A
+"a a _ aD T,&$) +"/ (J) 0,2 ($ + (
) 9$,1 b >f"
.(G /
) (&" (MJ
) (MPM;) O D7
.(j &) (
/
) 2+ b )"
.(&+" $
/J) b "/ 4,
GG
2
3
&8: !>3
20K, .> 7 &G "
07 *B D 0 50,
H1) <
.#"
C< $ ,8 Z3" &
/0G")
*%
!","
>4
>1% "B &0. *,) !X>) !">8
50, 0G?%" 7 *1")4
&0. *,) !X
,$ 3B :/
X
*B ; !"0U >4 *8 ! ",$
*B !1=@ ,$
0%" #, .!","
&# 34 "3" #) .""<0@
50,
,: "
&>1
!X
Nldeke, Neue Beitrge zur Semit. Sparad., S. 1, ff., J. Horovitz, Jewish Proper Names and
derivatives in Koran, 145, R. Bell, The Origin of Islam in its Christian Environment,
London, 1926.
G
c"%X>
&0. *,) !X
!"3"0bY ! 0 -
. +04E ! ",$
,$ 3B /01
50,
!"<0@
! ",$
*B &87 !"0` 0G7 $ < .",;) #%> ?@, !6 !" <
&K1 , I#
.#1
J
I *B /"6
(#
*B !B3G
!X
#,$
!"3"0bY
50,
8I67 #, !X>
ZI8 *8 P0@
50, ,: !","
>4
0")1%
&#%X
-
. "%(
,"
V H1) >3, < "0
$ < !")0: 0B /01
!")01
!X>
-
. !X>
ZI8 #, !","
" [
V
J>% H1) &#>3, 1)% 7 [
#3" [ ,$ /01
&>1
/(4
!"@ !0% #%0% 7 &( Y )< J
I
! ",$
!X
! 3 !X
!X>
ZI8 ,$ I. .2" 2
. #) F>" [ 7 &0. *,) !X
! ",$
*B +003
!X>
!X>
ZI8 ,$ 3B &0. *,) "
0 0G$7 $ !" 0
&:; "
0 C>1" , ->: 2)0: ,$ c. "
0 9)%" 0" #)
!>%6
#>1) !")01
0" "I
G
J"
G$
"
0 1" $ *( Y "
!X
*8 !")01
"
*B J
I) #3%"
.J"
G$
,: !",0,
!X
*8 !","%(
; #) &80)% !","%(
&#% 0 *B 2E"7
!", &#"B 80G7 8 !">8
/0: 50, *B 06U 0G7 !",0,>
$
N)I
+0"; =,$
,) 8
,)
*B 2" 2,B /01
") !",0,
>67 I.
6
.!",0,
!:,
) "0G?%
0"%
,
>67 $ !B06
/"0
*B !"0` 7 !",,"
!">; #%" >1% "">8
") +0 ;
"@; ZI8 0G$7
.P4,
*B *)01
PI
&=(" 2)G ) %$ -% )IQ 8 >3 7 1) !")01
!X>
*,0,
) "">8
/01
50,
0G?% 5 : )3%
*B "0
f@$%
.h); &0. *,) : 7 &0
: )%3
GP
@ A
........................................ "">8
") !",0,
2
*
2 -8
...................................... !">8
*B !",0,
0G7
B0C
DDC
GP