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Year 13 Chemistry 2015

Chemistry 3.4 (AS91390) Demonstrate understanding of thermochemical


principals and the properties of particles and substances (5 credits)
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this unit you should be able to:
Structure of Atoms

Define the terms atom, element, compound, ion, isotope, molecule,


ionic compound, molecular compound, covalent bond, ionic bond,
metallic bond, polar bond, non-polar bond, polar molecule, non-polar
molecule
Write electron configurations for elements and ions for atoms with
atomic number 1 36 using s, p , d notation
Identify s, p, d blocks on the periodic table

Periodic Trends

Define ionisation energy and use the definition to describe and


explain the trend observed across a period and down a group of the
periodic table.
Define atomic radius and use the definition to describe and explain
the trend observed across a period and down a group of the periodic
table
Define ionic radius and use the definition to describe and explain
the trend observed across a period and down a group of the periodic
table
Define electronegativity and use the definition to describe and
explain the trend observed across a period and down a group of the
periodic table.

Molecular Shapes

Draw Lewis diagrams for a range of molecules and polyatomic ions


which can have up to six electron pairs around the central atom and
can include multiple bonds
Predict the shape of a range of molecules and polyatomic ions
Use difference in electronegativity to predict bond type (covalent,
polar covalent and ionic)
Explain polar bonding and the influence it has on the properties of a
range of compounds
Use difference in electronegativity, polar bonding and shape of a
molecule to predict and explain its polarity

Intermolecular Bonding

Identify the type and strength of intermolecular forces (hydrogen


bonds, permanent dipoles and van der Waals forces) that are found
in a range of molecules
Explain why different compounds have different intermolecular
forces
Explain how intermolecular forces affect the physical properties of a
compound

Thermochemical Principals

Define the terms enthalpy, entropy, heat content, H, exothermic,


endothermic, conservation of energy, thermochemical equation,
activation energy
Define the enthalpy change of a reaction as rH = Hproducts Hreactants
Draw and label reaction profiles for exothermic and endothermic
reactions
Use rH to determine if a reaction is exothermic or endothermic
Predict changes in entropy
Distinguish between spontaneous and non-spontaneous reactions
and explain using enthalpy and entropy arguments
Define standard heat of reaction rH, standard heat of combustion
cH and standard heat of formation fH
Describe how enthalpy changes can be measured experimentally
Define and explain molar heat of vaporisation vapH and molar heat
of fusion fusH
Explain heating curves of compounds using vapH and fusH
Use Hesss Law to calculate enthalpy changes

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