Electrochemical

Cell

Electrochemical Cell

1. Electrolytic Cell

Electrolytic cell is an electrochemical cell that

undergoes a redox reaction when electrical
energy is applied
Example:
1. Electrolysis of molten NaCl with a platinum
electrode.
2. Daniel cell if the electrical potential difference
is applied from outside the cell potential
exceeding the magnitude of Daniel.


Cathode

Anode

Current

Reaction

Reduction

Oxidation

Reaction at Cathode

The raction on cathde is positive ions

(cations) binds electrons from the current source.
The result substances are attached to the
cathode, unless the gaseous substance. If the
reaction resulting gaseous substances, gas
bubbles are formed around the cathode rod.

Matter
Hydrogen Ion

Metalic Ion

Reaction
Ion hidrogen reduced become
hydrogen gas
2H+(aq) + 2e- H2(g)
Alkaline and alkaline earth ions
are not reduced E0 metal E0
water
2H2O(l) + 2e- H2(g) + 2OH(aq)
Unless alkaline or alkaline
earth metal the other metals
are reduced.
Example:
Ni2+(aq) + 2e- Ni(s)
Cu2+(aq) +2e- Cu(s)
Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Zn(s)
Electrode reduces the molten
of metal
Example:
The cation of NaCl(l), that is
Na+(l), is recuced

Reaction at Anode

The reaction on anode is oxidation reaction,

negative ions drawn by the anode. If the anode
is made of an inert anode (an electrode that is
not participate to react) such as Pt, C, Au then
the negative ions or water oxidized.

Matter
Hydroxide ion

Acid rest Ion

Reaction
Hydroxide ions are oxidized
become water and O2
4OH-(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l) +
4eResidual not oxygenated acid
ions such as Cl-, Br-, I- is
oxidized become Cl2, Br2, I2.
Example:
2Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e-

Residual oxygenated acid ions

such as SO42-, NO3-, PO43- is not
oxidized,
oxidized
water
instead
2H2O(l)O2 + 4H+ + 4eIf the Anode made from an
inert andode, the anode is
oxidized.
Ni(s) Ni2+(aq) + 2e-

2. Voltaic Cell

A Voltaic Cell (also known as a Galvanic Cell) is an

electrochemical cell that uses spontaneous redox reactions to
generate electricity.
It consists of two separate half-cells. A half-cell is composed of
an electrode (a strip of metal, M) within a solution containing
Mn+ ions in which M is any arbitrary metal. The two half cells are
linked together by a wire running from one electrode to the
other. A salt bridge also connects.

Voltaic Cell

Cathode

Anode

Current

Reaction

Reduction

Oxidation

The salt bridge is a tube filled with an electrolyte solution

such as KNO3(s) or KCl(s). Without the salt bridge, positive
and negative charges will build up around the electrodes
causing the reaction to stop