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1/JANUARI/2011
ABSTRACT
Background. In theory, lymphocyte count increases in pediatric patients with dengue virus infection,
because this infection increases apoptosis process and activation of T lymphocyte function, Th1 cytokine
production, and B lymphocytes. Administration of zinc is hypothsized to affect immunity changes as
shown by these biomarkers. This study aimed to examine the effect of zinc on lymphocyte count and
length of stay in pediatric patients with dengue virus infection.
Methods. This study was a randomized controlled trial. A sample of 78 pediatric inpatients with
dengue virus infection was selected for study at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, between October
2010 and March 2011. This sample was divided into 2 groups, consisting of 39 children receiving
standard therapy plus zinc and 39 children receiving standard therapy alone. The dependent variables
under study were lymphocyte count and length of stay (days) The independent variable was
administration of zinc. The mean difference in lymphocyte count and length of stay between the two
groups was tested by independent t, using SPSS version 17.0.
Results: No statistically significant difference in means was shown of lympocyte count between the
two groups (p=0.313), meaning that there is no association between administration of zinc and
lymphocyte count. In contrast, there was statistically significant difference in means of length of stay
(days) between the two groups (p=0.006). Patients receiving zinc had 0.62 days shorter length of stay
than those without zinc.
Conclusion: Administration of zinc is associated with shortening of length of stay but not associated
with lymphocyte count.
Keywords: children, dengue infection, zinc, lymphocyte, length of stay
PENDAHULUAN
Demam dengue merupakan penyakit demam akut
yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan disebarkan
melalui perantara nyamuk Aedes aegypti. WHO
memasukkan Indonesia dalam strata A dengan
insidensi demam berdarah dengue (DBD) yang
tinggi, sehingga mengakibatkan tingginya angka
perawatan rumah sakit dan kematian akibat DBD
pada anak (WHO, 2008ab). Data kasus dengue di
RS Moewardi pada tahun 2009 menujukkan
terdapat 283 pasien anak menderita infeksi dengue
pada semua derajat, dan tujuh diantaranya meninggal
(RSUD Dr. Moewardi, 2009).
30
Zn+Terapi Standar
n
Mean
SD
39
12.42
1.16
39
37.66
2.96
39
69.95
25.71
39
3.58
1.32
39
46.20
3.10
n
39
39
39
39
39
Terapi Standar
Mean
SD
12.51
1.31
38.10
2.93
68.15
26.17
3.54
1.26
47.39
7.83
t
0.32
0.67
0.37
0.14
0.88
p
0.750
0.508
0.761
0.889
0.382
31
n
39
39
n
39
39
PEMBAHASAN
32
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
33