PRE-U TEXT STPM INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ISBN: 978 983 3879 83 0

PRE-U TEXT
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Chapter 4 Group 14 elements: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

Practice 4.1 Physical and chemical properties of Group 14 elements
Reinforce your understanding and knowledge of the variation of physical and chemical
properties of Group 14 elements by elaborating the key words given below:
STPM
Reference

: 1998, P1/Q29, 1999, P1/Q22, Q23;, 2000, P1/Q22, Q23, P2/Q2(a);

2001, P1/Q21, Q23; 2002, P/Q22, P2/Q8(b)(ii), 2003, P2/Q3(a);
2004, P1/Q47; 2005, P1/Q21, Q43
: Pages 57 to 60

Guide

The Group 14 elements

The electronic configuration of the valence electrons for all elements

Physical properties of the Group 14 elements

The variation of atomic radius when going down Group 14
o Nuclear charge
o Screening effect
o Effective nuclear charge
The variation of first ionisation energy when going down Group 14
o Atomic size
o Effective nuclear charge
The variation of electrical conductivity when going down Group 14
o From giant covalent structure to giant metallic structure
The variation of melting point when going down Group 2
o Strength of forces holding particles in the solid state
o The arrangement of particles in the solid state
o Lattice structure

General chemical properties of Group 14 elements

Oxidation states of +2 and +4
Relative stability of the +2 and +4 oxidation state
Formation of complex ions

Pearson Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. 2007

PRE-U TEXT STPM INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Tetrachlorides of Group 14
General properties
Physical properties of the tetrachlorides
Thermal stability of the tetrachlorides
Hydrolysis of tetrachlorides

Oxides of Group 14: Monoxides

The thermal stability of the monoxides
The acid/base nature of monoxides

Oxides of Group 14: Dioxides

The thermal stability of the dioxides
The acid/base nature of dioxides

Catenation

The allotropes of carbon

The uses of tin, silicon and carbon

Silicon(IV) oxide or silica

Structure of silica
Chemical properties of silicon(IV) oxide
Uses of silica, silicon(IV) oxide

Glass
Soda-lime glass
Potash glass
Flint/ lead glass
Borosilicate glass (pyrex)
Aluminosilicate glass

Silicates
Silicates with discrete SiO42- ions
Silicates with one shared oxygen atom
Silicates with two shared oxygen atoms
Silicates with three shared oxygen

Aluminosilicates

Pearson Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. 2007

ISBN: 978 983 3879 83 0