James Horner

James Roy Horner (August 14, 1953 June 22, 2015) 2 Career
was an American composer, conductor, and orchestrator
of lm scores. He was known for the integration of choral
One of Horners rst major lm scores was for the 1979
and electronic elements in many of his lm scores, and for
lm The Lady in Red.[13] He began his career scoring
frequent use of Celtic musical elements.[1][2]
lms by working for B lm director and producer Roger
Horner was an accomplished concert hall composer be- Corman. His rst composer credit was for Cormans
fore he moved into writing lm scores. His rst major Battle Beyond the Stars.[14][15] His works steadily gained
lm score was for the 1979 lm The Lady in Red, but notice in Hollywood, which led him to take on larger
did not establish himself as a mainstream composer un- projects. Horner made a breakthrough in 1982, when
til he worked on the 1982 lm Star Trek II: The Wrath he had the chance to score for Star Trek II: The Wrath
of Khan.[3] Horners score for Titanic is the best selling of Khan, establishing himself as a mainstream composer.
orchestral lm soundtrack of all time[4][5] while Titanic The lms director Nicholas Meyer famously quipped that
and Avatar, both directed by James Cameron, are the two Horner had been hired because the studio couldn't aord
highest-grossing lms of all time.[6]
to use the rst lms composer Jerry Goldsmith again, but
Horner collaborated multiple times with directors Jean- by the time Meyer returned to the franchise with Star Trek
the director found that he
Jacques Annaud, Mel Gibson, Walter Hill, Ron Howard, VI: The Undiscovered Country,
[16]
couldn't
aord
Horner
either.
and Joe Johnston. Horner composed music for over 100
lms, and won two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Horner continued composing music for high-prole reAwards, three Satellite Awards, three Saturn Awards, and leases during the 1980s, including 48 Hrs. (1982),
was nominated for three British Academy Film Awards. Krull (1983), Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984),
Commando (1985), Cocoon (1985), Aliens (1986),
*batteries not included (1987), Willow (1988), Glory and
Field of Dreams (both 1989).

Aliens earned Horner his rst Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score in 1987, at the 59th
Academy Awards.[17] Somewhere Out There, which he
co-composed for An American Tail, was also nominated
that year for Best Original Song.[18] He would go on to be
nominated 10 times in total.

Early life

Horner was born in Los Angeles in 1953,[7] the son of

Joan Ruth (Frankel) and Harry Horner. His father, a
set designer and occasional art-director,[8][9] was born in
Hol, Czechoslovakia, and moved to the United States
in 1935.[10] Horner had a brother, Christopher, who is a
writer and documentary lm maker.

Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s and the 2000s,

Horner also wrote orchestral scores for childrens lms
(particularly those produced by Amblin Entertainment),
with credits for An American Tail (1986), The Land Before Time (1988), The Rocketeer and An American Tail:
Fievel Goes West (1991), Once Upon a Forest and We're
Back! A Dinosaurs Story (all in 1993), The Pagemaster
(1994), and Casper, Jumanji, and Balto (all from 1995)
and Mighty Joe Young (1998) and How the Grinch stole
Christmas (2000).

Horner started playing piano at the age of ve. His early

years were spent in London, where he attended the Royal
College of Music. He subsequently attended Verde Valley High School in Sedona, Arizona. He received his
bachelors degree in music from the University of Southern California. After he earned a masters degree, he
started working on his doctorate at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he studied with Paul Chihara,
among others. After several scoring assignments with the
American Film Institute in the 1970s, he nished teaching a course in music theory at UCLA and turned to lm
scoring.[11]

1995 saw Horner produce no fewer than six scores, including his commercially successful and critically acclaimed works for Braveheart and Apollo 13, both
of which earned him Academy Award nominations.
Horners greatest nancial and critical success would
come with the score to the 1997 lm Titanic. The album
became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack
in history, selling over 27 million copies worldwide.[19]

Horner was also an avid pilot.[12]

At the 70th Academy Awards, Horner won Oscars for

1

2
Best Original Dramatic Score and Best Original Song for
"My Heart Will Go On" (which he co-wrote with Will
Jennings). In addition, Horner and Jennings won three
Grammy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for the
soundtrack and My Heart Will Go On.[20][21] Titanic also
marked the rst time in ten years that Horner worked with
director James Cameron (following the highly stressful
scoring sessions for Aliens, Horner declared that he would
never work with Cameron again and described the experience as a nightmare).[22]

MUSICAL BORROWING

dreadful.[28] Upon his departure, he was replaced by

Hans Zimmer.
At the beginning of 2015, Horner wrote the music for
Jean-Jacques Annaud's adventure lm Wolf Totem, which
marked his fourth collaboration with Annaud and also
Horners rst lm score in nearly three years.[29]

At the time of his death in 2015, projects to which Horner

was attached included the forthcoming lm The 33 for director Patricia Riggen, and Southpaw, a sports drama lm
directed by Antoine Fuqua and starring Jake Gyllenhaal
Since Titanic, Horner continued to score for major pro- and Rachel McAdams. Both lms are slated for release
ductions (including The Perfect Storm, A Beautiful Mind, later in 2015.[30]
Enemy At The Gates, The Mask of Zorro, The Legend of
Zorro, House of Sand and Fog and Bicentennial Man).[7] Horners scores have been sampled in trailers for other
Aside from scoring major productions, Horner periodi- lms. The climax of the track Bishops Countdown from
cally worked on smaller projects such as Iris, Radio and his score for Aliens ranks fth in the most commonly used
[31]
Bobby Jones: A Stroke of Genius. He received his eighth soundtrack cues for lm trailers.
and ninth Academy Award nominations for A Beautiful
Mind (2001) and House of Sand and Fog (2003), but lost
on both occasions to Howard Shore. He frequently collaborated with lm director Ron Howard, a partnership
that began with Cocoon in 1985.[23]
2.1 Orchestral work
Horner composed the 20062011 theme music for the
CBS Evening News. The theme was introduced as part In 2014, Horner composed the commission piece Pas de
of the debut of Katie Couric as anchor on September 5, Deux, a double concerto for violin and cello, which was
2006.[24]
premiered on November 12, 2014, by Mari and Hakon
Horner recollaborated with James Cameron on the 2009 Samuelsen with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orlm Avatar, which was released in December 2009 and chestra conducted by Vasily Petrenko. The work was
has since become the highest-grossing lm of all time, commissioned to mark the 175th season of the Royal Liv[32]
surpassing Titanic (also directed by Cameron and scored erpool Philharmonic. Horner also composed Collage,
[18]
by Horner).
Horner spent over two years working on a concerto for four horns, which premiered on March 27,
the score for Avatar, and did not take on any other 2015, at the Royal Festival Hall in London by the London
projects during that time. His work on Avatar earned Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Jaime Martin, with
him numerous award nominations, including his tenth David Pyatt, John Ryan, James Thatcher and Richard
[33]
Academy Award nomination as well as Golden Globe Watkins as soloists.
Award, British Academy Film Award, and Grammy
Award nominations, all of which he lost to Michael Giacchino for Up.[25]

Regarding the experience of scoring Avatar, Horner said,

Avatar has been the most dicult lm I have worked on 3 Musical borrowing
and the biggest job I have undertaken... I work from four
in the morning to about ten at night and thats been my
way of life since March. Thats the world I'm in now and Many of Horners works incorporate passages from his
it makes you feel estranged from everything. I'll have to earlier compositions, and feature brief excerpts or rework themes from other classical composers. For exrecover from that and get my head out of Avatar.[26]
ample, his scores from Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan
Horner also composed the score for the 2010 version of
and Star Trek III: The Search for Spock include excerpts
The Karate Kid, replacing Atli rvarsson. This lm
from Alexander Nevsky and Romeo and Juliet, both by
the rst that Horner worked on after Avatar[27] was reProkoev,[34][35] while the heroic theme from Willow is
leased in 2010. In 2011, Horner scored Cristiada (aka
based on that of Robert Schumann's Rhenish Symphony.
For Greater Glory) which was released a year later and
The climactic battle scene in Glory includes excerpts
Black Gold. In 2012 Horner scored The Amazing Spiderfrom Wagner and Or.[36] Although musical borrowMan, which starred Andrew Gareld and premiered on
ing has been a common practice of classical composers
July 3. In a recent interview on his website, Horner
for centuries,[lower-roman 1] a frequent criticism of Horner
revealed why he didn't return to compose the second
has been that his tendency to borrow passages from other
movie; that he didn't like how the movie resulted in comcomposers as well as his own earlier works makes his
parison to the rst movie, and even called the movie
compositions inauthentic or unoriginal.[39][40][41]

5.3

Short lms

Death

3
1982 A Piano for Mrs. Cimino[51]

On June 22, 2015, multiple news outlets around the

world reported that one man was killed when a variant of the Embraer EMB 312 Tucano turboprop aircraft,
the Short Tucano, crashed into the Los Padres National
Forest in southern California, near the small town of
Ventucopa.[42] The pilot, presumed to be James Horner,
was the sole occupant of the aircraft. Horners attorney
said We know its his plane, and we know we haven't
heard from him, but did not say whether the identity
of the pilot had been determined.[43] His assistant wrote
on her Facebook page, We have lost an amazing person
with a huge heart and unbelievable talent [who] died doing what he loved.[44]

1982 Rascals and Robbers: The Secret Adventures of

Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn[51]
1983 Between Friends[51]
1985 Amazing Stories[51]
1985 Surviving[51]
1989 Tales from the Crypt[51]
1990 Extreme Close-Up[51]
1992 Fish Police[51] (theme and pilot episode)
1999 Michelle Kwan Skates to Disneys Greatest
Hits[51]

A Variety article that conrmed Horners death did not

2000 Freedom Song[51]
[45]
elaborate on the source of its information. The Federal
2006 CBS Evening News[52]
Aviation Administration (FAA) stated that the ocial
identication of the pilot will be made by local authorities.
5.3 Short lms

1986 Captain EO[53]

List of scores

5.1

Film

5.1.1

1970s

1989 Tummy Trouble[54][55]

2012 First in Flight [56]

6 Awards and nominations

1978 The Drought (for the American Film Institute)

Horner won two Academy Awards, for Best Original Dramatic Score (Titanic) and Best Original Song ("My Heart
and was nominated for an addi1978 Gist and Evans (for the American Film Insti- Will Go On") in 1998,
[57]
tional
eight
Oscars.
He
also won two Golden Globe
tute)
Awards,[58] three Satellite Awards, three Saturn Awards,
1978 Landscapes (for the American Film Institute) and has been nominated for three British Academy Film
Awards.[59]
1978 Just for a Laugh (for the American Film InstiIn October 2013 James Horner received the Max Steiner
tute)
Award at the Hollywood in Vienna Gala, an award
1978 The Watcher (for the American Film Institute) given for extraordinary achievements in the eld of lm
music.[60]
1979 The Lady in Red

1978 Fantasies (for the American Film Institute)

1979 Up from the Depths

5.1.2

1980s

5.1.3

1990s

5.1.4

2000s

5.1.5

2010s

5.2

6.1 AFI
In 2005, the American Film Institute unveiled their
list of the top twenty-ve American lm scores. Five
of Horners scores were among 250 nominees, making
him the most nominated composer to not make the top
twenty-ve:[61]
Apollo 13 (1995)
Braveheart (1995)

Television

1981 A Few Days in Weasel Creek

1981 Angel Dusted [51]

Field of Dreams (1989)

[51]

Glory (1989)
Titanic (1997)

6.2

List of accolades

Grammy
1988: An American Tail Best Album of Original
Instrumental Background Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television
1988: Somewhere Out There (from: An American
Tail, Winner) Song of The Year
1988: Somewhere Out There (from: An American
Tail, Winner) Best Song Written specically For a
Motion Picture or Television
1990: Field of Dreams Best Album of Original Instrumental Background Score Written for a Motion
Picture or Television

REFERENCES

8 References
[1] Geier, Thom (June 22, 2015). James Horner, OscarWinning Composer of Titanic, Dead at 61. The Wrap.
Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[2] Creative Team. Titanic Live. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[3] Harrington, Richard (July 25, 1982). Sounds Of the
Summer Screen. The Washington Post. p. L1.
[4] USATODAY.com - New mom Dion back with new album, Vegas deal. usatoday.com. Retrieved June 23,
2015.
[5] Clemmensen, Christian (April 16, 2012) [November 18,
1997]. "Titanic (James Horner)". Filmtracks.com. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
[6] All Time Worldwide Box Oce Grosses. boxocemojo.com. Retrieved June 23, 2015.

1991: Glory (Winner) Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television

[7] Clemmensen, Christian.

James Horner (1953)".
Filmtracks.com. Retrieved May 21, 2012.

1996: Whatever You Imagine (from: The Pagemaster) Best Song Written specically For a Motion Picture or Television

[8] http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/James_Horner.
aspx#2
[9] Salter, Susan (2003). Contemporary Musicians.

1999: My Heart Will Go On (from: Titanic, Win- [10] Harry Horner; Designer Won 2 Oscars, Accolades in
Theater. latimes. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
ner) Record of The Year
1999: My Heart Will Go On (from: Titanic, Winner) Song of The Year

[11] MacDonald, Laurence E. The invisible art of lm music:

a comprehensive history. Ardsley House Publishers, 1998:
p. 328

1999: My Heart Will Go On (from: Titanic, Win- [12] Kauh, Elaine (December 2014). WNat Geo To Release
ner) Best Song Written For A Motion Picture or
Aviation Documentary. avweb.com. Aviation Publishing
Group. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
for Television
2003: A Beautiful Mind Best Score Soundtrack
Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
2011: Avatar Best Score Soundtrack Album for
Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
2011: I See You (from: Avatar) Best Song Written For A Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media

Notes

[1] George Frideric Handel was particularly well-known

for this; his works incorporate extensive passages from
Alessandro and Domenico Scarlatti and Georg Philipp
Telemann. Johann Sebastian Bach often reused passages
from his earlier works; Antonn Dvok and Aaron Copland incorporated traditional songs in their works.[37] Igor
Stravinsky is frequently quoted as having said, good
composers borrow; great ones steal!" or some variation
thereof. Similar quotations are attributed to T. S. Eliot
and Pablo Picasso.[38]

[13] Women Who Run the Show by Mollie Gregory (2002), pp.
146
[14] Shurley, Neil. Battle Beyond the Stars / Humanoids from
the Deep (Original Soundtracks from the Roger Corman
Classics)". AllMusic. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[15] Battle Beyond the Stars. Filmtracks. Retrieved June 22,
2015.
[16] Josh Reviews the Newly-Released Complete Soundtrack
for Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. MotionPicturesComics.com. May 23, 2012. Retrieved June 22,
2015.
[17] Cater, Evan. Aliens [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". AllMusic. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[18] James Horners Most Memorable Scores: From 'Titanic'
to 'Avatar'". The Hollywood Reporter. June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[19] USATODAY.com - New mom Dion back with new album, Vegas deal. usatoday.com. Retrieved June 23,
2015.
[20] 70th Academy Awards - Academy Awards Database AMPAS. oscars.org. Retrieved June 23, 2015.

[21] HFPA Awards Search

[22] Eger, Marcus (May 26, 2011). Cinematic Melodies
'The Ascension' by James Horner featured in the trailer
for Super 8"". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved June
22, 2015.
[23] James Horner: Ten Best Movie Soundtracks. Classic
FM. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[24] CBS to Change Theme Along with Anchor. NPR. August 4, 2006. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[25] Clemmensen, Christian (August 2, 2011) [January 25,
2010]. "Up: (Michael Giacchino)". Filmtracks.com. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
[26] Times Online. timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved June 23,
2015.
[27] Horner assigned to The Karate Kid lm remake
[28] CONVERSATION WITH JAMES HORNER. James
Horner Film Music. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
[29] Broxton, Jonathan (March 11, 2015). WOLF TOTEM
James Horner. Movie Music UK. Retrieved June 22,
2015.
[30] Pedersen, Erik (June 22, 2015). Plane Registered To Titanic Composer James Horner Crashes; Pilot Killed: Reports. Deadline. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[31] Top 100 Frequently Used Cues. soundtrack.net. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
[32] Dates announced for Hornerss double concerto,
jameshorner-lmmusic.com, May 17, 2014. Retrieved
September 19, 2014
[33] Horner Concerto for 4 Horns London, british-horn.com.
Retrieved September 19, 2014
[34] Alan Rogers, My Favourite Scenes1938 in Reel Music,
November 4, 2011..
[35] Bond, Je (1999). The Music of Star Trek. Lone Eagle
Publishing Company. p. 114. ISBN 1-58065-012-0.
[36] Glory, in Filmtracks:
(1998, 2006).

Modern Soundtrack Reviews

[37] John H. Roberts, Why Did Handel Borrow?", in Handel Tercentenary Collection, Stanley Sadie and Anthony
Hicks, eds., University of Michigan Research Press
(1987).
[38] Anne Midgette, Outraged over composers 'stealing' or
just feeling duped?", in the Washington Post, March 1,
2012.
[39] Thomas Muething, Wen immer es angeht (To Whom
It May Concern), in: Der Deutsche Film Musik-Dienst,
Nr.30/1995 (in German)

[42] Pilot dies in plane registered to James Horner, Titanic composer. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Associated Press. June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 22,
2015.
[43] Gajewski, Ryan (June 22, 2015). "Titanic Composer
James Horner Missing and Feared Dead in Plane Crash,
Says Attorney. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June
22, 2015.
[44] Barnes, Mike (June 22, 2015). James Horner, Film
Composer for Titanic and Braveheart, Dies in Plane
Crash. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 22,
2015.
[45] Burlingame, Jon (June 22, 2015). James Horner, Titanic
Composer, Dies In Plane Crash. Variety. Retrieved June
22, 2015.
[46] P.K. and the Kid (1987)". Films de France. Retrieved
June 22, 2015.
[47] James Horner to Score Black Gold - Film Music Reporter. lmmusicreporter.com. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
[48] One Day in Auschwitz. KWS Films. Retrieved June 22,
2015.
[49] Thurber, Matt (April 10, 2015). Living in the Age of
Airplanes. Aviation International News. Retrieved April
15, 2015.
[50] Living in the Age of Airplanes. Living in the Age of
Airplanes. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
[51] James Horner. Star Trek Soundtracks. Retrieved June
22, 2015.
[52] "CBS Evening News 2006 2011 Theme. Network
News Music. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[53] Mackie, Drew (June 22, 2015). Titanic Composer James
Horner Missing, Feared Dead After Plane Crash. People.
Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[54] Honey, I Shrunk the Kids. Filmtracks. Retrieved June
22, 2015.
[55] Tummy Trouble. Library of Congress. Retrieved June
22, 2015.
[56] Tucker, Tara (December 13, 2013). First In Flight
Trailer. All Things Aero. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[57] Finn, Natalie (June 22, 2015). Titanic Composer James
Horner Missing After Plane Registered to Oscar Winner
Crashes, Killing the Pilot. E!. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[58] Burlingame, Jon (June 22, 2015). James Horner, Titanic Composer, Dies in Plane Crash. Variety. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
[59] Czech American Timeline by Miloslav Rechcigl, Jr.
(2013), pp. 402

[40] Alex Ross, Oscar Scores, in The New Yorker, March 9,

1998.

[60] James Horner to receive Max Steiner Award, January 24,

2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013

[41] Lukas Kendall & Je Bond, Letters about James

Horners Titanic", in Film Score Monthly, 1997.

[61] AFIs 100 Years Of Film Scores (PDF). American Film

Institute. 2005. Retrieved May 24, 2012.

External links
Very comprehensive website about James Horner
James Horner at the Internet Movie Database
James Horner interview (1983) from CinemaScore
magazine

EXTERNAL LINKS

10
10.1

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