DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :1 Tank size

2 Tank capacity

pkn
L=

Saturated soil unit wt

Conrete

Steel

6
7

Nominal Cover
Thickness

6.00

17.00

kN/m3

20

cbc

fy

B=

4.00
72000

x
ltr

H=

17000 N/m3
concrete unit wt.

N/mm2

415

3.00

25000

N/m3

13

Tensile stress

115

N/mm2

9.80
0.22
0.10

kN/m3
m
m

35

mm

Walls
Bottom slab

100

mm

Water unit wt
220
mm
10
cm

Reinforcement
Long wall
In side near corner Horizont

20

mmbars

110

20
20

mmbars
mmbars

110
220

mm c/c
1.00
m height
above the base, near corners.
mm c/c
upto top
mm c/c
upto top

20
20
10
8

mmbars
mmbars
mmbars
mmbars

110
220
230
250

mm c/c
upto top
mm c/c,
upto top
mm c/c
vertical
mm c/c in both direction

in side middle horizontal

Out side middle horizontal
Short wall
In side near corner Horizont
Out side middle horizontal
Distribution
Base
C
20

mm

20 mm

110 mm c/c

110 mm c/c

20 mm

220 mm c/c
20 mm

20 mm

110 mm c/c

20 mm

220 mm c/c

20 mm

220 mm c/c (d)

10 mm
20 mm

20 mm
10 mm

220 mmc/c

220 mmc/c

230 mmc/c

230 mm c/c both side

110 mm c/c(d+e)

10 mm

20 mm

10 mm

110 mmc/c

220 mmc/c

110 mmc/c

20 mm

250 mmc/c

B
Bars(c)

Section plan at depth of H/4 or 1 mt.

Section on CD

Bar(a)

20

mm

220 mm c/c

20 mm

440 mm c/c

10 mm

230 mm c/c

Bar(b)

20

mm

220 mm c/c

10 mm

230 mm c/c

Bar(c)

20

mm

220 mm c/c

20 mm

220 mm c/c
8 mm

Bar(d)

20

mm

220 mm c/c

Bar(e)

10

mm

230 mm c/c

250 mm c/c both way

Bar F

Section on AB

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :- pkn
1
Tank size
2
Tank capacity
3
4

Conrete
Steel

6
7

Nominal Cover
Thickness

20

cbc

fy
Walls
Top roof
Bottom slab

Reinforcement
Long wall
In side near corner Horizontal
in side middle horizontal
Out side middle horizontal
Short wall
In side near corner Horizontal
Out side middle horizontal
Distribution
Base
Main

6.00
17.00

Saturated soil unit wt

L=

x B=
kN/m

4.00
72000

x
ltr

17000

N/m3

H=

unit weight
N/mm2

415

3.00

25000

N/m3

13

Tensile stress

115

N/mm2

9.80
0.22
0.20
0.10

kN/m3
m
m
m

35

mm

200
100

mm
mm

Water unit wt
220
mm
20
cm
10
cm

20

mm

110

20
20

mm
mm

110
220

mm c/c
1.00
m height
above the base, near corners.
mm c/c
upto top
mm c/c
upto top

20
20
10
8

mm
mm
mm
mm

110
220
230
250

mm c/c
upto top
mm c/c,
upto top
mm c/c
vertical
mm c/c in both direction

DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :Tank size
Tank capacity

pkn
6.00 x

Saturated soil unit wt

4.00 x

17.00 kN/m3

3.00
72000

m
ltr

17000

N/m3

Conrete

20

unit weight

= 25000

Steel

fy
cbc

415 N/mm2

Tensile stess

Nominal cover

N/mm2

unit wt. of water

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars

st
cbc
k=

115
7
m*c

m*c+st
j=1-k/3
1
R=1/2xc x j x k 0.5

N/mm

Cocrete M =

wt. of concrete =

N/mm2

=
x

115 N/mm2

m=

35 mm

x
7
13
=
13 x
7
+ 115
0.442 /
3
=
7
x 0.853 x 0.442 =

N/m3

13

9.8 N/mm3

9800

20
25000

N/mm2

13
0.442
0.853
1.320

3 Determination of B.M. for horizontal bending :-L/B

=
6.00 /
4.00 =
1.50 <
2
Hence Both long and short walls will bend horizontally for upper portion, upto poin D, where horizontal water
pressure is p=w(H-h).
Here h = H/4 or 1 m which ever is greater
h = 1.00 m

Thus top 2.00 m height of walls will be bend horizontally while the bottom
1.00 m will bend as
vertical cantilever . The bending moments for horizontal bending may be determined by moment
distribution by considering tank as continuos frame of unit height at level of D.
Water pressure p at point D is given by =p= w (H - h ) =
19600
9800 (
3.00 1.00 )=
N-m
2
2
PL
P
x 6.00 '=
The Fixed end moments for long wall
=
=
3.00 P N-m
12
12
PB2
P
x 4.00 2'=
Fixed end moments for short wall
=
=
1.33 P N-m
12
12
Refer fig 1. Consider quarter frame FAE with joint A rigid. Taking clock wise moment as positive and anticlock
wise moment as negative, the fixed end moment M AF for long wall will be
+
3.00 P while the fixed end
end moments MAF for short wall will be

- 1.33 P Considreing Area A and moment of inertia l for

both the walls to be the same, the stiffness of walls will be inversely proportional to these length.
Thus we have following table.
Member
Stiffness
Relative stiffness
Sum
Distribution factor
2
1
1
AE
x 6.00 =
2
=
0.4
5
3
3
5
3
1
1
AF
x 6.00 =
3
=
0.6
2
2
5
The moment distribution is carried out in the following table.
A
Joint
AE
Member
Distribution facvtor
0.4
Fixed end moments

Balancing moments

- 0.6667 p

Final moments

3.00

2.33

AF
0.6
1.33 p
1

2.33 p

Final moments

2.33

2.33 p

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

2.33 x 19600 =
45733 N-m/m
This support moment will cause tension at the water force.

Hence moment at supports, Mf=

p L2
19600 x
6.00 2
Mf
"=
45733
8
8
This bending moment cause tension at outer face.

B.M. at the center long span =

p B2
19600 x
4.00 2
Mf
"=
45733
8
8
This will cause tension at the water face. Max. design B.M.

B.M. at the center short span =

3 Design of section :-

42467 N-m/m

-6533 N-m/m

42467 N-m/m

Considring bending effect alone,

Required depth
Provide total depth T=

179

42467 x
1.320 x
35 =

1000
=
1000
220 mm

179

mm

185 mm

so that available d =

4 Determination pull :Direct tension on Long wall = PL = P x B/2 =

19600

4.00 /

Direct tension on short wall = PL = P x B/2 =

19600

6.00 /

39200
58800

N
N

5 Cantilever Moment :-

Cantilever moment atb the base, per unit length .

h2
9800 x
4.00 x
1.00 2
= wH x
=
6533 N-m
6
6
This will cause tension at water face.
6 Reinforcement at corners of long walls.:The upper portion of long walls is subjected to both bending in
horizontal direction as well as pull. The reinforcement for both will be in horizontal direction. Hence
reinforcement has to be provided forr a net moment (M F - Px ), where Mf is the moment at ends (causing
tension on water face). Similarly vertical section of unit height ( 1 m) of long wall, at its end, at the level of
1.00 m above the base , where reinforcement is provided at the water face.
T
220
x=d=
179
=
69 mm
2
2
Mf - Pl x
45733 x
1000 ) - 39200 x
69
Ast for B.M. =
=
=
2371 mm2
st.j.d
115 x
0.853 x
185
PL
39200
Ast for pull =
=
=
341
mm2
115
s
Total Ast
=
2371 +
341 =
2712 mm2 per meter height.
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 20 x 20
=
= 314 mm2
4 x100
4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
314
/ 2712 =
116
say
= 110 mm
mm
bar,
@
20
Hence Provided
110 mm c/c. The above reinforcement is to be provided at
inner face, near the corners, and at a height
1.00 m above the base. For other height the above spacing
may be varied, since bending moment will reduce.
using 20

mm bars

7 Reinfocement at the middle of long wall. :Tension occurs at outer face. However, since distance of corner of steel from
water face will be less than 225 mm, permissible stress will be
115 N/mm2 only. Design constants
will be
k = 0.4417
j = 0.853
R = 1.318
Design B.M. =
42467
N-m per meter height. Also PL
=
39200
N
M - Pl x
42467 x
1000 ) - 39200 x
69
Ast for B.M. =
=
=
2192 mm2
115 x
0.853 x
185
st.j.d

Ast for pull

Total Ast

PL

2192 +

39200
=
115
341 =

341

2533

mm2
mm2

per meter height.

3.14xdia
3.14 x 20 x 20
=
= 314 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
314
/ 2533 =
124
say
= 120 mm
This is very near to the reinforcement provided at ends.Hence provided
20 mm bars
110 mm
1.50 m form ends.
c/c. Bend half the bars provided at ends, outwards.at distance L/4 =
mm bars provided @
220 mm c/c.
This reinforcement is to be provided at outer face. The additional 20
are continued upto the end.
using 20

mm bars

8 Reinforcement for shorts walls.:B.M. at ends=Mf =

Ast for B.M. =

M - PB x

st.j.d

Ast for pull

Total Ast

45733
45733 x
115 x
PL

Direct pull pu =

N-m

1000 ) - 58800 x
0.853 x
185
58800
=
=
511
115

2297 +

511

2808

69

58800
=

2297

N
mm2

mm2
mm2

per meter height.

3.14xdia
3.14 x 20 x 20
=
= 314 mm2
4 x100
4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
314
/ 2808 =
112
say
= 110 mm
Hence provide
20 mm f bars @
110 mm c/c at inner face near the ends of short span.
The B.M. at the center of short walls cause tension at water face (unlikethat in the center of long walls where
tension is produced at outer face ).since this B.M. is small, only nominal reinforcement is required. Similarlly,
we have to provide nominal reinforcement at outer face,. Hence bend half bars outward at distance B/4= 1.00
m from each end, and continue remaning half tjrought. Thus at the center of span, the reinforcement on each
face will consist of
20
mm bars @
220 mm c/c.
using 20

mm bars

9 Reinforcement for cantilever moment and distribution reinforcement.:max. cantilever moment=

6533 N-m
6533
x
1000
Ast =
=
360
mm2
115
x
0.853 x
185
0.3
But minimum reinforcementin vertical direction
=
x( 220 x 1000 )= 660
mm2
100
Since half of this area of steel can reist cantilever momnt, we will provide
= 330 mm2 steel area vertically
on the inner face and remaining area i.e.=
330 mm2 vertically at outer face to serve as distribution
reinforcment. Area of steel on each face =
330 mm2.
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x 10
=
= 78.5
4 x100
4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / 330 =
238
say
= 230 mm
10 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
230 mm c/c on out side face, at bottom of long wall
using 10

mm bars

mm2

10 Design of base slab:Since tank rest on ground, provide a 100 mm thick base slab.
taking 1m length for calculation and
0.20 % of nominal reinforcement
0.20 x
1000 x
100
area of steel =
=
mm2
200
100
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
=
= 50.2
4 x100
4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / 200 =
251
say
= 250 mm
8 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
250 mm c/c in both direction , at top and bottom of base slab.
using 8

mm bars

mm2

11. Detail of reinforcement :shown in drawing.

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :- pkn

Err:509

mm@
Err:509

Err:509 mm c/c
mm@
Err:509 mm c/c
Err:509
Roof

Err:509

mm @

Err:509 mm c/c

Err:509
Err:509
4.00

Err:509

Err:509
0.00
Err:509

Err:509

6.00 m

mm@
mm c/c

Err:509 mm@
mm@

Err:509

mm@
mm@

Err:509
Err:509

Err:509
Err:509

3.00

0.00

Err:509
Reinforcement detail for short wall, Roof and bottom slab

Err:509 mm @

Err:509 mm c/c
Err:509 mm @

Err:509 mm

mm @

Err:509 mm

Err:509
3.00

Err:509
Err:509
Err:509

mm @
mm @

Err:509 mm c/c
Err:509 mm c/c
mm @
Err:509

Err:509
Err:509 mm

Reinforcement detail for short wall

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

cbc N/mm2
m cbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

Grade of
concrete

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

M 15

jc

0.89
0.732

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

M 20

Rc

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

M 25

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

M 30

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

M 35

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

M 40

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

M 45

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

M 50

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

(a) st =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)
(b) st =
190
N/mm2
(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) st =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

Grade of concrete
bd (N / mm2)

Permissible shear stress Table v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As

Permis

Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2

bd

M-15

M-20

M-25

M-30

M-35

M-40

< 0.15

0.18

0.18

0.19

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75

0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44

0.22
0.30
0.35
0.39
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.49
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

0.23
0.31
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.46
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57

0.23
0.31
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6

0.23
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62

0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63

3.00 and above

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

c.max

Shear stress tc

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

Reiforcement %

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

Permissible d
M-40
2.5

Grade of concrete

ct.max

100As
bd
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64

M-20

M-20

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32

0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51

100As
bd
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.82
0.88
0.94
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.41
1.50
1.63
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.13
2.25

Valu
Degree
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5

0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16

0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41

26
26.5
27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
51
51.5

1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68

0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46

52
52.5
53
53.5
54
54.5
55
55.5
56
56.5
57
57.5
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
67.5
68
68.5
69
69.5
70
70.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5

1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20

0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

78
78.5
79
79.5
80
80.5
81
81.5
82
82.5
83
83.5
84
84.5
85
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
89.5
90

2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-10
--

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

bd

Plain M.S. Bars

(N / mm2)
kd = Ld

H.Y.S.D. Bars
(N / mm2)
kd = Ld

bd

0.6

58

0.96

60

0.8

44

1.28

45

0.9

39

1.44

40

35

1.6

36

1.1

32

1.76

33

1.2

29

1.92

30

1.3

27

2.08

28

1.4

25

2.24

26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
Bending cbc
Direct (cc)
(N/mm2)
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
16.0

Kg/m2
300
500
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600

(N/mm2)
2.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0

Kg/m2
250
400
500
600
800
900
1000
1100
1200

(N/mm2)
-0.6
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

in kg/m2
-60
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

Permissible direct tensile stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

ct.max

M-10
1.2

M-15
2.0

M-20
2.8

M-25
3.2

M-30
3.6

M-35
4.0

M-40
4.4

M-50
1.4

sin
0.017
0.026
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.078
0.087
0.096
0.104
0.113
0.122
0.131
0.139
0.148
0.156
0.165
0.174
0.182
0.191
0.199
0.208
0.819
0.225
0.233
0.242
0.250
0.259
0.259
0.276
0.284
0.292
0.301
0.309
0.317
0.326
0.334
0.342
0.350
0.358
0.367
0.375
0.383
0.391
0.399
0.407
0.415
0.422
0.431

Value of angle
Degree
cos
1
1.000
1.5
1.000
2
0.999
2.5
0.999
3
0.999
3.5
0.998
4
0.998
4.5
0.997
5
0.996
5.5
0.995
6
0.995
6.5
0.994
7
0.993
7.5
0.991
8
0.990
8.5
0.989
9
0.988
9.5
0.986
10
0.985
10.5
0.983
11
0.981
11.5
0.980
12
0.978
12.5
0.976
13
0.974
13.5
0.972
14
0.970
14.5
0.968
15
0.966
15.5
0.964
16
0.961
16.5
0.959
17
0.956
17.5
0.954
18
0.951
18.5
0.948
19
0.946
19.5
0.943
20
0.940
20.5
0.937
21
0.934
21.5
0.930
22
0.927
22.5
0.924
23
0.921
23.5
0.917
24
0.924
24.5
0.910
25
0.906
25.5
0.905

tan
0.017
0.262
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.079
0.087
0.096
0.105
0.114
0.123
0.132
0.140
0.149
0.158
0.168
0.176
0.185
0.194
0.203
0.213
0.839
0.231
0.240
0.249
0.259
0.268
0.269
0.287
0.296
0.306
0.315
0.325
0.335
0.344
0.354
0.364
0.374
0.384
0.394
0.404
0.414
0.424
0.435
0.440
0.456
0.466
0.476

cot
57.295
56.300
28.644
22.913
19.083
16.362
14.311
12.707
11.437
10.385
9.563
8.777
8.149
7.597
7.119
6.691
6.315
5.963
5.673
5.396
5.142
4.915
4.704
1.192
4.332
4.166
4.011
3.867
3.732
3.723
3.488
3.376
3.272
3.172
3.078
2.989
2.905
2.824
2.747
2.674
2.605
2.539
2.475
2.414
2.356
2.300
2.271
2.194
2.148
2.103

0.438
0.446
0.454
0.462
0.469
0.477
0.485
0.492
0.500
0.508
0.515
0.522
0.530
0.537
0.545
0.552
0.559
0.566
0.573
0.581
0.588
0.595
0.602
0.609
0.616
0.623
0.629
0.636
0.643
0.649
0.656
0.663
0.669
0.676
0.682
0.688
0.695
0.701
0.707
0.713
0.719
0.725
0.731
0.737
0.742
0.749
0.755
0.760
0.766
0.772
0.777
0.786

26
26.5
27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
51
51.5

0.898
0.895
0.891
0.887
0.883
0.879
0.875
0.870
0.866
0.862
0.857
0.853
0.848
0.843
0.839
0.834
0.829
0.834
0.819
0.814
0.809
0.804
0.799
0.793
0.788
0.783
0.777
0.772
0.766
0.760
0.755
0.749
0.743
0.737
0.731
0.725
0.719
0.713
0.707
0.701
0.695
0.688
0.682
0.676
0.669
0.663
0.656
0.649
0.643
0.636
0.629
0.623

0.488
0.499
0.510
0.521
0.532
0.543
0.554
0.566
0.577
0.589
0.601
0.613
0.625
0.637
0.649
0.662
0.675
0.679
0.700
0.713
0.726
0.740
0.754
0.767
0.781
0.795
0.810
0.824
0.839
0.854
0.869
0.885
0.900
0.916
0.933
0.949
0.966
0.983
1.000
1.018
1.036
1.054
1.072
1.091
1.109
1.130
1.150
1.171
1.192
1.213
1.235
1.262

2.049
2.006
1.963
1.921
1.881
1.842
1.804
1.767
1.732
1.698
1.664
1.632
1.600
1.570
1.540
1.511
1.483
1.473
1.429
1.402
1.377
1.351
1.327
1.303
1.280
1.257
1.235
1.213
1.191
1.171
1.150
1.130
1.111
1.091
1.072
1.054
1.036
1.018
1.000
0.983
0.966
0.949
0.933
0.916
0.902
0.885
0.869
0.854
0.839
0.824
0.810
0.792

0.788
0.793
0.799
0.804
0.809
0.814
0.819
0.824
0.829
0.834
0.839
0.843
0.848
0.853
0.857
0.862
0.866
0.870
0.875
0.879
0.883
0.887
0.891
0.895
0.899
0.903
0.906
0.910
0.914
0.917
0.921
0.924
0.927
0.930
0.934
0.937
0.940
0.943
0.946
0.948
0.951
0.954
0.956
0.959
0.961
0.964
0.966
0.968
0.970
0.982
0.974
0.976

52
52.5
53
53.5
54
54.5
55
55.5
56
56.5
57
57.5
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
67.5
68
68.5
69
69.5
70
70.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5

0.616
0.609
0.602
0.595
0.588
0.581
0.574
0.566
0.559
0.552
0.545
0.537
0.530
0.522
0.515
0.508
0.500
0.492
0.485
0.477
0.470
0.462
0.454
0.446
0.438
0.431
0.423
0.415
0.407
0.399
0.391
0.383
0.375
0.819
0.358
0.350
0.342
0.556
0.326
0.317
0.309
0.301
0.292
0.284
0.276
0.267
0.259
0.250
0.242
0.233
0.225
0.216

1.280
1.303
1.327
1.351
1.376
1.402
1.428
1.455
1.483
1.511
1.540
1.570
1.600
1.632
1.664
1.698
1.732
1.767
1.804
1.842
1.880
1.921
1.963
2.006
2.051
2.097
2.145
2.195
2.246
2.300
2.356
2.414
2.475
1.136
2.605
2.674
2.747
1.696
2.904
2.989
3.078
3.172
3.271
3.376
3.488
3.606
3.732
3.868
4.011
4.209
4.332
4.511

0.781
0.767
0.754
0.740
0.727
0.713
0.700
0.687
0.675
0.662
0.649
0.637
0.625
0.613
0.601
0.589
0.577
0.566
0.554
0.543
0.532
0.521
0.510
0.498
0.488
0.477
0.466
0.456
0.445
0.435
0.424
0.414
0.404
0.880
0.384
0.374
0.364
0.590
0.344
0.335
0.325
0.315
0.306
0.296
0.287
0.277
0.268
0.259
0.249
0.238
0.231
0.222

0.978
0.980
0.982
0.983
0.985
0.986
0.988
0.989
0.999
0.991
0.993
0.994
0.995
0.995
0.996
0.997
0.998
0.998
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.000
0.9998
0.9999
1.000

78
78.5
79
79.5
80
80.5
81
81.5
82
82.5
83
83.5
84
84.5
85
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
89.5
90

0.208
0.199
0.191
0.182
0.174
0.165
0.156
0.148
0.139
0.131
0.122
0.113
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.078
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000

4.705
4.915
5.145
5.396
5.673
5.977
6.315
6.691
7.178
7.597
8.145
8.777
9.517
10.389
11.431
12.716
14.302
16.362
19.083
22.913
28.637
38.299
57.295
114.931
1.000

0.213
0.203
0.194
0.185
0.176
0.167
0.158
0.149
0.139
0.132
0.123
0.114
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.079
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000