Ihds 13 Documentation

H A B I T A T
DESIGN
IN
AN URBAN
C O N T E X T
VASTU SHILPA FOUNDATION & CEPT UNIVERISTY

INTERNATIONAL STUDIO 2013
10th FEBRUARY 2013 to 10th APRIL 2013
VASTU SHILPA FOUNDATION FOR STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
LS Raheja School of Architecture, Mumbai, India

Dr. Baliram Hiray College of Architecture, Mumbai, India
Escuela Tcnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, Spain
Indian Education Societys College of Architecture, Mumbai, India
Rizvi College of Architecture, Mumbai, India
RV School of Architecture, Bangaluru, India
Rheinisch Westflische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
Sinhghad College of Architecture, Pune, India
Technical University , Delft, The Nederlands
Contents
CONTENTS
DESIGN BRIEF
Emphasis and Concerns
Context
Programme
Climatic Data
The Team
Faculty
Guest Speakers and
Visiting Critics
Participating Schools
Group Works
Concept
Site Analysis
Design Process
ii
V A S T
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D E S I G N
L P A
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U R B A N
I O N
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C E P T
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C O N T E X T
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U N I V E R S I T Y
2
0
1
3
STUDIO EMPHASIS
DESIGN ISSUES
Holistic design with multi disciplinary approach

integrating dimensions of Planning, urban design,
Architecture as well as Technology.
Design innovations for the improved quality of life
Contextually relevant design which is responsive to

Socio-Cultural political, administrative,
climatic and economic context.
Sustainable development optimally managing
the prevailing scarce resources and
innovating methods for generating newer resources.
Research based design involving
first hand understanding of the context
and its realities through
fieldwork and the site visits.
Concerns
H A B I T A T
Optimal designs with minimum resource demands

Reinterpreting the traditional for the contemporary
relevance
Design strategy for urban insert as well as blank site
development
Conservation- Adaptive reuse - New construction.
Quantitative and qualitative challenges of the built form
High density mass housing
The role and resolution of the unbuilt
V S T U - S H I L P F O U N DAT I O N F O R S T U D I E S A N D R E S E A R C H I N E N V I R O N M E N TA L D E S I G N
Sangath, N r. Drive I n Cinema, Opp. Yogi Complex, Thaltej Road, Ahmedabad 380054, I ndia
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Team
2
STUDIO CO-ORDINATOR
Khushnu Panthaki Hoof - Architect
FACULTY IN-CHARGE
Balkrishna Doshi - Architect, Planner

Rajeev Kathpalia - Architect, Urban Designer
Khushnu Panthaki Hoof - Architect
Snke Hoof - Architect
Abhijeet Singh Chandel - Architect
Anand Sonecha - Architect
STUDENT REGISTRATION COORDINATION (Europe)
Haresh Pandya - Architect
ASSISTANCE
Shikha Vishnoi
ADMINISTRATION
Joseph Varughese
PARTICIPATING SCHOOLS
LS Raheja School of Architecture, Mumbai, India

Dr. Baliram Hiray College of Architecture, Mumbai, India
Escuela Tcnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, Spain
Indian Education Societys College of Architecture, Mumbai, India
Rizvi College of Architecture, Mumbai, India
RV School of Architecture, Bangaluru, India
Rheinisch Westflische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
Sinhghad College of Architecture, Pune, India
Technical University , Delft, The Nederlands
GUEST SPEAKERS AND VISITING CRITICS
Debashish Nayak - Architect, Heritage Management

Dinesh Mehta - Architect, Planner
Dirk van den Heuvel - Architect, Associate Professor
Durganand Balsawar - Architect, Urban Designer
Himanshu Parikh - Engineer
Ishira Parekh - Classical Dancer
KT Ravindran - Architect, Urban Designer
Matias Echonave - Urban Planner
Maulik Shah - Classical Dancer
Dr. Navdeep Mathur - Ph.D. Public Policy and Administration
Neelkanth Chhaya - Architect, Dean School of Architecture
Niraj Jani - Architect, Planner
Rahul Srivastava - Urban Anthropologist
Rajiv Patel - Builder, Heritage Management
Rajendra Joshi - Founder, SAATH
Rajan Rawal - Architect
Riyaz Tayyibji - Architect
Utpal Sharma - Architect, Planner
Vishwanath Kashikar - Architect
Context
HABITAT DESIGN IN URBAN CONTEXT

According to data available with the UN, 2008 marked a turning point in human geography with more people living in cities than in rural areas for the first
time in history. South Asia, though not the most urbanised, is amongst the fastest urbanising regions in the world. The FAO, on the other hand has
proclaimed that arable land is shrinking at an annual rate of 1.6% due to urbanisation and land degradation. Design in such an era needs to sensitively
handle the sometimes-conflicting demands of the agrarian village and the industrialised city.
The world is moving towards a pattern of excessive consumption due to an increase in affluence. These trends have been concurrent with a steady
depletion of resources in the natural world. While the development in material culture has been heralded as a sign of progress, depleting natural resources
have caused worldwide concern. Design, in this context, requires a sensible approach that can maintain the fine balance between economy and ecology.
India is witness to another phenomenon marked by a struggle between different modes of production, a phenomenon that is echoed in the debate of
tradition vs. modernity. The craft tradition practiced by the artisan continues to thrive due to a rich history backed by a strong labour pool. On the other
hand, rapid development has heralded and era of mechanised mass production that provides a different sets of benefits. Both these modes of production
are currently seen in the building industry. Maintaining a balance between the two is a prime concern.
Indian society does not view these seemingly opposing forces as an either-or choice. This is due to the multiplicity of value systems prevalent in the Indian
society. This multiplicity is evident in the apparent chaos of Indian cities. What appears, as chaos to the outsider is actually a robust balance between
multiple conflicting needs. Such an approach is possible due to the acceptance of manifold reality. The design solution, hence, does not necessitate
making a polarised choice; it is the skilful interweaving of the seemingly contradictory demands that will lead to a contextual urban habitat.
The intention of this workshop is to create an awareness of the complexity of Indian urbanity and issues related to its growth; and to highlight the need for a
sensitive and holistic approach to habitat design.
Themes
Humans as part of Nature vs. Humans and Nature: In Indian cities it is not uncommon to see cattle and sheepherders allowing motorized traffic to
Emphasis
EMPHASIS
negotiate through their herds. Can these supposedly conflicting demands of the agrarian village and the industrialized city be seen as a continuum and an
opportunity for an ecologically sensitive resource management? How do we blur these distinctions between urban and rural?
Diversity: Perhaps nothing reflects the diversity of India better than the contemporary City. The coexistence of temporary and permanent and the variety
of grain within the Indian city in comparison to the western city may be interesting to compare.
Individual, Family and Society: Collective direction and Individual action with neighborly negotiations- Development of Indian cities usually happens in
piecemeal form mainly through initiatives of private developers. Town planning schemes only lay down the road network and related infrastructure due to
which there is a lack of development vision for cities. Given the fractured development of sites what should be the nature of negotiations between adjacent
plot developments, and at a much larger scale what common vision should such developers work towards?
Context: Context cannot be seen as a unidirectional flow of information from outside within; a process whereby surroundings influence and determine
design decisions in a project. Context also implies a study and an understanding of the influence of design decisions of a project on its surroundings. The
area of intervention might be limited by the plot, but the sphere of influence is much larger
Tradition and Modernity: The craft tradition practiced by the artisan continues to thrive due to a rich history backed by a strong labour pool. On the
other hand, rapid development has heralded and era of mechanised mass production that provides a different sets of benefits. Both these modes of production are currently seen in the building industry. Maintaining a balance between the two is a prime concern.
Density and Critical mass: Densities prescribed by Indian planners reflect standards that were often conceived in other cultures for other societies.
Traditional and spontaneous settlements in India reflect another reality.
Scale: The idea of scale and the economics of production. It is often assumed that large formal production in factories is the generator of the
economy. However recent studies indicate that small scale informal production actually is the greater generator of economic wealth.
Boundaries: Boundaries between formal and informal, between monument and fabric, between bazaar and home are never clearly defined in our context.
These ambiguous edge conditions offer interesting anomalies and paradoxes whose explorations may reveal interesting interdependencies and offer
examples of sustainability.
Context
Understanding
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad City and the immediate context:

Founded in 1411AD on the eastern banks of the Sabarmati river by Sultan Ahmed Shah, Ahmedabad is a city with a rich urban character and a particular
neighbourhood structure refered to as Pols. The residential typology that makes up these Pols are an exceptional response to the harsh climate of the region.
Though on the river bank, this city has historically depended on a network of water bodies which are fed by the contours of the topography, for its perennial
supply of water. The seasonal nature of the river has led to a perception of it being a part of a natural system of drainage for the region rather than a feature
of the landscape. With each of the localised water bodies, Talavadis there is an agricultural settlement. The talavadi, their catchments, the village and their
agricultural land form the basic unit of settlement, linked together by agricultural markets and routes of trade. Ahmedabad as a city grew with the consolidation
of such settlement into a larger urban organisation planned under influence of both Islamic and Hindu ideas of city design. Needless to say topography and
drainage play a vital role in the structure of the city.
Aerial view- Walled city of Amdavad
City across the river
Context
Growth of Ahmedabad
1
Citadel of AhmedShah
1411 AD to 1458 AD
3
The city grew further by
accretion of Puras each started
by a nobleman
1501 AD to 1570 AD
2
Further Growth of the city
around the new mosque
and Royal Tomb`Citadel of
AhmedShah
1411 AD to 1458 AD
4
Final stage of the medieval
city confinedwithin the fort
built in 1580
1571 AD to 1800 AD
Ahmedabad - Evolution of City
Contemporary City Shape
Issue
Slums
Today India with its 1.18 billion population forms 17.3% of the Global Population. 93 million people out of 285 million currently living in urban centres of India; live
in the slums (squatter settlements). These figures add up to almost 32% of the total urban population of India according to the official figures. However the actual
figures might be much higher.
Over years, there have been several views on these squatter settlements. A large part of the society believes that these slums are ghettos with state of despair and
crimes with no basic living facilities, deprived of food and a home to the poorest of poor. Moreover they are seen as parasites who use the resources of the city
without contributing to its development and hence need to be removed to make the city Clean.
However we see these settlements as an evolving system absorbing poor migrants from the rural hinterlands and giving them the much needed basic shelter in an
urban setting. If we closely look at the google images of India cities we realise that these slums actually form an intrinsic part of the urban fabric of India; functioning
as autonomous, self sufficient social structures capable of providing low cost services to the society at large.
Further these slum settlements depend on the common infrastructure of the city ranging from public transport links to public toilet to schools and spaces for
vendors. These people living in the slums have no choice but to live in inferior conditions due to unavailability of low-cost housing in the city. Its these people who
then become the source of cheap labour, vendors, domestic help, construction workers, richshaw drivers etc. necessary for functioning of a vibrant city. Apart from
providing cheap work force, these slums with their large number of small scale industry share apart of the citys economy.
For Instance, Dharavi in mumbai has a turnover of $650 million per

annum with its large number of thriving small scale industries and
manufacturing units spread across the slum producing a large number
of products which are sold in the domestic as well as the international
market.
Hence the most important challenge that we face today is whether we
are ready to recognise and support the ability of the poor to organize
and help develop an inclusive city or do we continue to see them as
anti progress and erase them from our urban landscape.
Slums - Extended Cityscape in India

8
In ahmedabad, approximately 41% of the citys population resides in these informal settlements which are characterized by overcrowding, unsanitary conditions,
insecure tenure and a high level of public health risk. These settlements are either simple shacks or permanent and well maintained structures which lack clean
water, electricity, sanitation and other basic amenities essential for well-being of the residents.
In order to ensure humane level of habitat with a certain level of amenities for these settlements there are standard norms and recommendations that can be
implemented along with building codes and byelaws.
Premise
Premise
In 2009, President Pratibha Patil of India announced that her government aimed to create a slum-free India within five years. In order to do that the government
planned on investing large amounts of money into building affordable housing. Thus, rather than improving the area, the government aimed to create entirely new
homes for the urban poor. This idea of building new homes for the poor is one major idea that contends with the idea of slum upgrading.
Ahmedabad along with many other cities in India aspires to be a slum free city.
These slum settlements have grown on the collective decision of the community rationalised by the ground reality. Even though these have been growing subtly
their collective impact can be seen globally.
City government is working on several alternative approaches towards

this goal including in-situ redevelopment or relocation of slums.
Alternatively SAATH, Ahmedabad based NGO focuses on housing
for urban poor with a market based approach to improve housing
conditions of these slum dwellers. Both the government and the marketbased approach require a model of development that benefits from the
rationality of design from professionals and wisdom of community.
The challenge for this studio project is how do we develop a model for
these settlements by taking into consideration the immediate as well as
future impact of our action in order to benefit the community.
Wadaj slums, Ahmedabad - General situation of slums in Ahmedabad
The Site
The Site
Yogeshwar Nagar - The site selected for this studio is representative of 80% of slum pockets in the city in terms of living conditions and ownership issues. This site
inhabits around 1000 families on an area of 9.26 acres leading to a density of 540 persons per acre. Most of the residents here are self- employed, with a huge share
working as labourers or in informal sectors. The houses here are a mix of permanent and temporary shelters. Even though the typical household belongs to low
income group they are very much a part of the progressive society where aspirations are high.
So the fundamental questions that rise are;
How can we use the principle Development for the community, with the
community in a rapidly changing urban context?
What kind development model will work in unison with aspiration and
needs of community?
What role can community play in development and what kind of decisions
be made to benefit them?
What is the level of intervention that architects and Planners can do to help
the community prosper?
How can we use the local knowledge/crafts to attend a high level of
development process while engaging local people?
How can we operate within affordability levels of various groups and the
trade-offs that can happen for any kind of development?
Can Sustainability, Recycling and maximum utilization of resources be
salient features of development pattern?
What kind of entrepreneurship opportunities exist for youth in the process
of development of a Slum and Community?
10
A girl in Yogeshwar nagar, selling vegetables and studying
The site represents the dichotomy of development in a typical Indian city, where the approach of development for the community, with the community is need of
the hour. The art and practice of finding the balance between the creativity of emergence and the stability of design requires us to become community architects.
This studio will provide you an opportunity to develop the skills to understand the interdependence between design and emergence.
The program includes planning and designing of roughly 1000 dwelling units and each working group focusing on around 150 mixed income houses. Amenities
needed for the settlement also stay part of the design program.
Infrastructure and other services needs to be incorporated in the proposal, where working groups first have to work on master plan level of the entire site together
and afterwards focus on demarcated parcels.
The working methodology for studio is summarized below:
Taking a whole slum approach, first studying the settlement to arrive to general understanding of the site and taking a decision on the approach they intend
to take.
The site will need to be divided into groups by equal number of houses, demarcating different parcels. The divisions could marginally be unequal on basis of
conditions such as Communities, Geographical features, Access network, or other justifiable reasons.
Working Methodology
Working Methodology
Housing typologies, Living patterns and use of spaces during different time of day need to be studied and understood along with analyzing and understanding
different needs of the community to be able to come up with corresponding design solutions.
Understanding the intricacies of Informal settlements, the way of life and generate a point of view about various development models suitable.
Exploring the ways of achieving a Sustainable habitat, through use of principle - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
11
Site
Sangath
12
Site Location
13
Precinct
0 10
14
50
100
Basic Mappings
Basic Mappings
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2 01 2
2003
2011
2009
2012
2009
2010
2007
2012
2010
2007
2005
2003
2011
2010
2012
0 10
50
2001
100
0 10
50
100
2012
2010
2010
2003
2010
15
0 10
44
43
45
43
41
42
45
School
44
45
Health Amenities
42
Hig
43
ay
hw
Vegetable Market
40
44
Site
40
School
School
43
42
41
41
42
40
Mid-rise Apartments
42
43
43
44
40
42
39
High-rise Apartments
43
Industrial Zone
43
44
43
46
Recent High/ Mid-rise

Apartments
45
Agricultural land
40
41
42
43
43
43
Agricultural land
44
Basic Mappings
Former slum
Re-developed through SNP
43
41
45
44
N
43
42
41
16
40
42
44
43
42
40
41
Contour
17
Basic Mappings
Aug
31.6
24.6
7.2
Sep
33.1
24.2
8.9
Oct
35.5
21.2
14.3
Nov
33.0
16.1
16.9
Dec
29.0
12.0
17.0
55.0
28.0
41.0
2
52.0
24.0
36.0
2
47.0
20.0
33.0
2
49.0
18.0
33.0
2
68.0
21.0
44.0
2
77.0
41.0
59.0
3
86.0
68.0
77.0
4
84.0
69.0
78.0
4
80.0
60.0
70.0
3
64.0
36.0
49.0
2
62.0
29.0
40.0
2
56.0
29.0
42.0
2
High
40.7
11.9
Low
Ams
28.3
28.8
Ams
JUN
MAY
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
213
SW
W
162
NE
SW
13
NE
E
5
NE
E
1
NE
E
823
Feb
Mar
Apr
15
20
May
Jun
Jul
Total
10
Sep
Oct
Nov
30
1730
Sun set line
2330
Effective Temperature C (Monthly mean)

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
0230
11
12.9
16.3
19.2
23
24.3
24.8
22
23
18.3
16.1
14.1
0530
9.6
11.5
15
18
22
23.5
24
21.5
22
17.5
16.1
12
0830
12.4
14
17.5
20.3
24
25.2
25.6
22.6
23.9
19.3
14
15.1
1130
20.8
21.9
25
27.1
30
30.6
30
26.2
29.1
25
17.1
21.7
1430
23.4
24.4
27.4
29.5
32
32.5
31.5
27.5
31
29
23.7
24
1730
20.1
21.3
24.5
26.7
29.6
30.1
29.7
26
29
24.7
26
21.2
2030
15
16.5
20
22.5
25.9
27
25.9
23.9
25.5
21.1
23.3
17.2
2330
18
12.9
14.4
17.9
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Monthly Mean Max
28.7
31.0
35.7
39.7
40.7
38.0
33.2
31.8
33.1
35.5
33.0
29.6
Day Comfort
Upper Limit
Lower Limit
31
25
31
25
31
25
31
25
31
25
29
23
27
22
27
22
29
23
31
25
31
25
31
25
Monthly Mean Max
11.9
14.4
18.6
23.1
26.3
27.4
25.7
24.6
24.2
21.2
16.1
12.6
Night Comfort
Upper Limit
Lower Limit
24
17
24
17
24
17
24
17
24
17
23
17
21
17
21
17
23
17
24
17
24
17
24
17
Thermal Stress
Day
Night
O
C
O
C
H
O
H
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
H
C
O
C
Night Comfort
Upper Limit
Lower Limit
24
17
24
17
24
17
24
17
24
17
23
17
21
17
21
17
23
17
24
17
24
17
24
17
Sun rise line
1130
2030
Dec
0830
1430
Diagnosis : C ( Ahmedabad )
Aug
0230
0530
316
SW
W
100
SW
W
5
W
SW
2
NW
W
DEC
2
NW
W
0
NE
NW
NOV
4
NE
E
Effective Temperature Isopleth : Ahmedabad

Jan
OCT
Rainfall mm
Wind Prevailing
Wind Secondary
AUG
SEP
RAIN AND WIND
JUL
Monthly Mean Max.

Monthly Mean Min.
Average
Humidity Group
Jul
33.2
25.7
7.5
APR
Jun
38.0
27.4
10.6
May
40.7
26.3
14.4
Apr
39.7
23.0
16.7
Mar
35.7
18.6
17.1
Feb
31.0
14.4
16.6
MAR
Jan
28.7
11.9
16.8
Monthly Mean Max.

Monthly Mean Min.
Monthly Mean Range
FEB
AIR TEMPERATURE C
JAN
Climatic Data
Monthly Mean Wind Pattern : Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad
23 04 N
72 38 E
55 Meters
Location
Latitude
Longitude
Altitude
20.7
24.4
25.5
25.7
22.9
24.1
19.6
17.5
15.4
Indicators
Jan
Humid:
H1
H2
H3
Arid:
A1
A2
A3
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
N
I
NW
NE
LAYOUT
1. Orientation north & south
(long axis east west)
2. Compact courtyard planning
6
6
PM
28
W ---
12
11
10
21
28
JUL
27
AUG
--- E
23
SEP
21 LOWER LIMIT
30
OCT
21
38 UPPER LIMIT
AM 8
9 UN
NOV
17
DEC
22
I
S
L A T I T U D E 23 N
RECOMMENDATIONS
From Dec 22 to Jun 21
OPENINGS
9. Large openings 40-80 %
10. Very small openings, 10-20 %
11. Medium openings, 20-40 %
N
I
NW
NE
Based on the meteorological data and the method stated before, the Gujarat region
exhibits the climate which is more or less uniform as far as the architectural design for
the climate is concerned. Some variations on account of microclimate factors of the
man made actions or local natural aspects are inevitable. These are not accounted for
in this monograph because of limitations of the availability of data as stated earlier. The
examples of vernacular construction in these regions are not sufficient to show influence of climate explicitely and exclusively. Since they are highly influenced by other
factors such as locally available construction materials, related construction techniques
known to the construction community, lack of communication with other regions, socio cultural aspects of community prevalent-political and strategic conditions etc.
38 UPPER LIMIT
6
6
PM
24
12
11
10
W --21
AM 8
9 JUN
Y
MA
APR
Orientation north and south (long axis east-west)
Spacing
Open spacing for breeze penetration, but protection
FEB
26
--- E
21
23
JAN
26
DEC
22
from hot and cold winds

Size of openings
Medium
Position of openingIn north and south walls at body height on windward side
Protection of openings
Exclude direct sunlight
Wall and floors
Heavy , over 7 hrs. time lag
Roofs
Light, insulated roofs
External features
Space for outdoor sleeping required
ROOFS
14. Light, insulated roofs
15. Heavy roofs, over 8 hours time lag
OUT DOOR SLEEPING
16. Space for outdoor sleeping
required
SE
Rooms single banked, permanent provision for air movement
SW
Air movement
WALLS
12. Light walls, short time lag
13. Heavy external and internal walls
21 LOWER LIMIT
21
28
MAR
Layout
SPACING
3. Open spacing for breeze
penetrations
4. As 3 but protection from
Hot and cold winds
5. Compact lay-out of building
AIR MOVEMENT
6. Rooms single banked, permanent
provisions for air movement
7. Double banked rooms
temporary provision for
air movement
8. No air movement requirement
SE
SW
This figures are the sun path diagrams at latitude 23 N

since the latitude passes approximately midway of Gujarat. A Sunpath diagram is
simple and handy tool to know the positions of sun in plan at a place. The horizontal
curved lines represent datelines showing the sunpath during the month on the date.
The vertical curved lines are timelines. The point of intersection of a dateline and a
timeline indicates position of sun on plan on the date at that time. This is known as
solar azimuth. (For the sake of simplicity, circular lines showing altitude of the sun are
omitted from the figures. )
The upper and lower limits of comfort for Ahmedabad (which is approximately on 23
N latitude) are plotted on the sunpath diagrams. The resulting diagrams then integrate
the comfort condition with the sunpath. The figures are useful to arrive at decisions regarding shading requirements of the walls and openings. For example, the plan of the
wall under consideration is overlaid on the sunpath diagram according to its orientation. The period when the wall is exposed to hot conditions (blank position above the
shaded comfort area), shading would be desirable. In the shaded area of the diagram
and below it the shading would not be necessary.
RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS
(Ahmedabad)
From Jun 21 to Dec 22
Climatic Data
SHADING REQUIREMENTS IN GUJARAT
I
S
L A T I T U D E 23 N
RAIN PROTECTION
17. Protection from heavy rain
necessary
19
Sustainable Design Guidelines
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN GUIDELINE

This framework of principles and their aspects, is intended to help the students to seek solutions rather than giving a set of solutions. Specific design solutions compatible with a given design problem will emanate from these principles and the framework shall act as a benchmark for the project alternatives developed by the
students. The design should reflect the aspects listed below and illustrate the possible solutions through sketches, precise drawings and models.
1) ECONOMY OF RESOURCES
2) LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
1.1 Energy Conservation

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loss
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2.1 Pre-Building Phase

Use materials that are
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1.2 Water Conservation

Reuse water on site:
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Reduction in consumption:
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1.3 Materials Conservation
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Rehabilitation of existing structures
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and components
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construction
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20
2.2 Building Phase

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workers as well as end users.
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2.3 Post-Building Phase
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new users and programmes.
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3) HUMANE AND CONTEXTUAL DESIGN
3.1 Preservation of Natural Condition
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3.2 Urban Design and Site Planning

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changes
and development in built form
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3.3 Design for Human Comfort and needs
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comfort
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exterior and interior
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physical disabilities
International Studio 2013

10th February - 10th April
VSTU SHILP FOUNDATION & CEPT University
Ahmedabad, India
21
GROUP WORK
!"
!"#$%&"'(")*
# $ % & ' (%( ) * + , ' - . ) ' . ) / 0 & % . ) 1 2 . ( + 3 ( 4

9 6 7 8 6 + , / 3 ) 2 8 1 ' $ 7 , 2 1 &(37 81,9(56,7<
, 1 7 ( 5 1 $ 7 , 2 1 $ /
6 7 8 ' , 2

&5,67,1$'20(&4(76$00$'5,'63$,1
-2+$15725./(378'(/)7125:$<
'(%25$+)(51$1'(66&2$381(,1',$
$17+($',5.65:7+$$&+(1*(50$1<
0$<7(+(//(17+$/5:7+$$&+(1*(50$1<
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
!"
!"
INDIA
4th LARGEST ECONOMY IN THE WORLD

More than a million Indians are millionaires, yet most Indians live on less
than two dollars a day. An estimated
LEVEL OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA IS 35% of Indias population lives below
27.78%
the poverty line
-Gujarat: 37.35%
WORLDS LARGEST DEMOCRACY
-Population 2007: 1.1 million.
-Growing 1.58% annually.
%!
INDIANS URBAN POPULATION IS

ALMOST ONE THIRD OF ITS TOTAL
POPULATION.
-Rate of growth 1991-2001 was
2.73%. (Gujarat - 2.8%)
-10% of the cities account for 70% of
the total urban population.
DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER TO LOCAL GOBERNMENTS BEGAN WITH AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION IN 1992
153,000
millionaires
POPULATION
BY KM2
= 30 PEOPLE
INCREASE IN LEVELS OF SERVICE

PROVISION IN URBAN AREAS
RAPID AND UNEVEN

PACE OF URBANIZATION
NUMBER OF
MILLIONAIRES
INDIA

CHINA
"!
EUROPE
"$
535,000
millionaires
2,900,000
millionaires
INDIA
CHINA
EUROPE
60 - 80%
20 - 40%
Under 2%
% OF
PEOPLE
LIVING
UNDER 2$ A
DAY
: 5 , 7 7 ( 1 6 7 $ 7 ( 0 ( 1 7 2 ) ' ( 6 , * 1 & 2 1 & ( 5 1 6
AHME
DABAD
AMC
GUJARAT20% of India's Industrial Output 9% of India's Mineral Production 22% of India's exports 24% of India's textile production 35% of India's pharmaceutic production.
INFORMAL
SECTOR
AHMEDABAD = ONE OF 7
INDIAS MEGACITIES
-Population greater than 4
million
INCREASE OF INFORMAL
SECTOR
Due to absence of government schemes to re-train or
TEXTILE INDUSTRY--->1980s rehabilitate.
-Closure of a mallority of
1997-98 INFORMAL SECTOR
the textile mills supposed 77% of employement.
widespread unemployem- 46% of the income.
ent
AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL
CORPORATION
DIVIDED IN 5 ZONES (9 WARDS)
It depends on the state government

for only 10% of its revenue.
FISCAL CRISIS 1990
-AMC undertook a series of reforms.
-Improvement in its finances.
DOMESTIC
WORKERS
BIDI AND AGARBATTI
WORKERS
DHOBI
TRANSPORT
EMBROIDERY
WORKERS
CONSTRUCTION
WORKERS
AGRICULTURAL WORKERS ON
THE OUTSKIRTS
FACTORY WORKERS
RAG PICKERS
STREET VENDORS
& 2 1 & ( 3 7 8 $ / ' , $ * 5 $ 0 6
READY MADE
GARMENT
WORKERS
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
92

!"
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
!"
!"
INFORMAL URBAN
SE T TLEMENTS
IN AHMEDABAD
&
CHAWLS
RANK - NUMBER OF SLUMS
OVERCROWDING
ANDHRA
U N S A N I TA R Y
PRADESH
1. SLUM FREE CITY = EVICTIONS + DEMOLITIONS =

DISPLACING URBAN POOR FROM THEIR SOURCES
2. GUJARAT SLUM AREAS (IMPROVEMENT, CLEARANCE
CONDITIONS
AND REDEBELOPMENT) - 1973 AND 1988. = 17,700
C H H A T I S G A R H
I N S E C U R E
NEW UNITS CONSTRUCTED, 10% (OR MORE) AR
T E N U R E
A H M E D A B A D
HEALTH
VACANT.
3. AMC: TOLERANCE AND IMPROVEMENT BASIC SERV-
RISK
ICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE.
CHAWLS: Originally the residential units build in the mill premises for workers.
SLUMS: Occupation of marginal areas of the city by migrants and other economically.
.weaker section
SLUMS
COMBINING T
ECHNOLOGY
RADITION
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&

!"
!"
ORDER (
Vs & IN
)CHAOS
PLURALISM
All beings arise from space and into space they return. Space is indeed their beginning
and space is their final end.
FLEXIBILITY
Vatsyayan Kapila. Concept of space: Ancient and modern
UNITY IN DIVERSITY
APPARENT
CONTRADICTIONS
TOLERANCE
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
DYNAMIC BALANCE
!"
CONTINUITY AND
CHANGE
ADAPTABILITY
FORMLESSNESS
LAYERING OF
MEANING
MULTIPLICITY IN INDIAN CULTURE (ARCHITECTURE)
VARIATION of the same form and element that charaterises it
SPACES ARE NOT MONOTONOUS, they evoke varied experiences
No two repetitions of a single motif are the same.
HAPPINESS???

iS IT JUST A FACE THEY ARE PUTTING FOR

THE OUTSIDER?
WHERE IS THE BALANCE POINT

BETWEEN TO MUCH AND NOT
ENOUGH?
DO WE ALWAYS WANT MORE THAN
WHAT WE CAN GET?
ISOLATION
& 2 1 & ( 3 7 8 $ / ' , $ * 5 $ 0 6
WHAT YOU DONT KNOW

WONT HURT YOU?
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
SECURITY
!"
!"#$%&'%('$
!"
SLUMS%
(Source: The case of Ahmedabad, India by Mihir R. Bhatt)
Types of houses
in slums in Ahmedabad
' ( # ' ) * +
KUCCHA HOUSE
!"
*+#
!""#$$%&'%()*+,*+-% ./&#)
5/&1)''6%*+%&1#%1'3$#
0.+#(%&1#%2/+(% '+%.1*"1%&1#*)%
1'3$#$%.#)#%43*2&
PUCCA HOUSE
%&#
!"#
)*#
!&#
$(#
!$#
'&#
$!#
SHACKS
PUCCA HOUSE
Standard dwelling made with bricks and
cement, and has a solid roof.
It is the most desirable possession for the
poor.
KUCCHA
Built with various makeshift materials.
NEW CLASIFICATION OF HOUSE TYPOLOGIES.
Less durable and more likely to leak in the

rainy season.
Difficult to service as they are often
constructed haphazardly and are usually not
built with drainage and sewerage facilities, or
electrical installations.
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
TYPE 3
TYPE 4
5(6($5&+':(//,1*,16/806
' ( # ' ) * +
!3
,#,-./0/&,#1&'(#'-2/0(#/& & & &
!"
!"
IS AN ARCHITECT NEEDED TO
SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS?
WHAT KIND OF SKILLS ARE

NEEDED IN THIS CASE?
COMMUNITY RULES
BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE
CAN THEY MANAGE

THEMSELVES?
CAN THEY CREATE A SKILL NETWORK WHERE KNOWLEDGE

IS SHARED IN BENEFIT OF THE OWN COMMUNITY?
SKILLS MANAGEMENT
SELF RELIANCE
COMMUNITY
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&

!"
PRIDE
UPGRADATION
EMPOWERMENT
PHYSICAL
ECONOMICAL
SOCIAL
%!

"!
GENERAL IMPROVEMENT
"$
NON EVICTION
CITY
USER = ACTIVE AGENT
LIVABILITY
IDENTITY
SKILLS
CAPABILITY
OWN ECONOMY
: 5 , 7 7 ( 1 6 7 $ 7 ( 0 ( 1 7 2 ) ' ( 6 , * 1 & 2 1 & ( 5 1 6
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&

& 2 1 & ( 3 7 8 $ / ' , $ * 5 $ 0 6
!"
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
!"
!"
YOGESWAR NAGAR COOPERATIVE
MIDDLEMAN FROM OUTSIDE
%!

"!
"$
: 5 , 7 7 ( 1 6 7 $ 7 ( 0 ( 1 7 2 ) ' ( 6 , * 1 & 2 1 & ( 5 1 6

SELF-PRODUCTION
SELF-HELP
( = SELF-CONSTRUCTION)
TRADITION
TRAINING
Production
Transport
Storage
Delivering
BRICKS
DIversity of
SKILLS
Flow
Storage
Uses
Reuse cycles
WATER
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
SELF-MANAGEMENT
RECYCLE
PRODUCE REUSE
Complete control of the process
OPEN
CYCLES
PEOPLE
PROCESS
Decisions
Commitment
Empowerment
& 2 1 & ( 3 7 8 $ / ' , $ * 5 $ 0 6
Contribution to community
and copperative
"$
"!

%!
!"
!"
COOPERATIVE
HOUSEHOLDS
& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
ILL GET A NEW HOUSE
!"
COMMON INTERESTS
ILL GET SOME MORE SPACE

TO...
ILL GET A FORMAL JOB
%!

"!
"$
: 5 , 7 7 ( 1 6 7 $ 7 ( 0 ( 1 7 2 ) ' ( 6 , * 1 & 2 1 & ( 5 1 6
CO
& 2 1 & ( 3 7 8 $ / ' , $ * 5 $ 0 6
"$
"!

R
PE
AT I

& 2 1 & ( 3 7&
LIVABILITY UPGRADATION EFFICIENCY SELFRELIANCE SECURITY

PRIDE FLEXIBILITY EMPOWERMENT SAFETY IDENTITY FEASIBILITY
CAPABILITY IMPROVEMENT COMMITMENT VITALITY IMAGIBILITY
VE
%!
!"
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&

!"
#
%!

"!
!
$
"$
$1$/<6,6
!4
!"##$#%&%'()#$*$##
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
)'*+&$%$,-)')
#+,-'+-,$
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,)5%("*$#%"*0%"*%2),/7)*+"(%4"++$,*8%52$,$%"#%5$#+6
HUQVLGHKDVKRXVHVUDQGRPO\VSDFHGZLWKRXWDGH6
*$+%4"++$,*9
:-,+2$,!),$%
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5"#%#)(0%/*%;-(<9%=2$*%+2$%2)-#$#%/*%+2$%2)-#$%5$,$%
#)(0%#$4$,"+$(3%1),%!),$%,$>$*-$9%?)*#$@-$*+(3%+2$#$%
2)-#$#%",$%)1%"%#!"(($,%4,)4),+/)*9
"$
$1$/<6,6
"!

%!
!"

6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
)'*+&$%$,-)')
!"
#+,$$+#
!"/*%,)"0
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/**$,%("*$#
%!

"!
"$
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!4
#+,$$+#
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
)'*+&$%$,-)')
"$
$1$/<6,6
"!

%!
!"

)'*+&$%$,-)')
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
#2)4#
!"
>"'"*+%#4"'$#
+$!4($#
%!

"!
"$
$1$/<6,6
)'*+&$%$,-)')
!4
+34$#
#/*A($%#+),3%2)-#$%'),,-A"+$0%#+$$(%,))1
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
+5)%#+),3%2)-#$
05$((/*A%0)5*#+"/,#%5/+2%,))1%B%-+(/+/+/$#
#/*A($%#+),3%,))1%+$,,"'$
"$
$1$/<6,6
"!

%!
!"

6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
)'*+&$%$,-)')
!"
:"!/(3%)1%C%4$)4($%#+"3/*A%2$,$9
D2$%5),<#%"#%"%2)-#$2)(0%
G$%5),<#%/*%+2$%!",<$+%#$((/*A%
D/*'$%2$,%2)-#$%2"#%;$$*%
=2$3%2">$%'",,/$0%1),5",0%+2$/,%
!"/08%#2$%2"#%/*>$#+$0%"%()+%
'()+2$#9G$%2"#%;$$*%(/>/*A%2$,$%1),%
;-,/$0%0-$%+)%+2$%,)"0%
1),$61"+2$,#%;-/#*$##%)1%4-44$+6
/*%2$,%2)-#$%1),%+2$%4"#+%EF%
+2$%4"#+%HF%3$",#%"*0%5)-(0%(/<$%+)%
5),<9%#2$%5"*+#%+)%-4(/1+%
$$,/*A9%+2$3%5)-(0%(/<$%+2$%A)>6
3$",#%+)%/!4,)>$%2$,%(/1$#+3($
$0-'"+$%2/#%E%0"-A2+$,#%"*0%A/>$%
2$,%2)-#$9G$,%2-#;"*0%/#%
+2$!%"%;$++$,%(/1$%#+3($
+2$%)*(3%$",*/*A%!$!;$,%
$,*!$*+%+)%4,)!)+$%+2$/,%+"($*+%
"*0%$",*%!)*$39
%!
2)-#/*A%+34$#

1),%I%4$)4($9
"!
"$
$1$/<6,6
!4
D+"3$0%/*%+2/#%J"#+/%1),%+2$%("#+%)*$%3$",9%K%!$!6
;$,#%#+"3/*A%/*%+2/#%2)-#$%8%2$%5)-(0%(/<$%+)%2">$%
"%;/AA$,%#+,$$+%/*%1,)*+%)1%2/#%2)-#$9
G$%-#$0%+)%#+"3%/*%"%<"'22"%1)-#$%1),%+2$%("#+%LI%
D2$%2"#%#+-0/$0%-4+)%N+2%A,"0$8%
3$",#8%;$1),$%;-/(0/*A%+2/#%2)-#$9I%!$!;$,#%#+"3%
"*0%/#%"%()'"(%!$2*0/%",+/#+%/*%2$,%
2$,$9%G/#%5/1$%,-*#%"%()'"(%;-/#*$##%/*1,)*+%)1%2/#%
;"#+/8%2"#%;$$*%(/>/*A%/*%+2/#%2)-#$%
2)-#$%1),%$M+,"%/*')!$9
1),%+2$%4"#+%LI6EF%3$",#9%
"$
$1$/<6,6
2)-#/*A%+34$#
"!

%!
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
)'*+&$%$,-)')
!"

6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
WHO? COMMUNITY RELATED JOBS
!"
WHO? COMMERCE RELATED JOBS
WHO? COOPERATIVE RELATED JOBS
%!

"!
"$
$1$/<6,6
DEVELOPING HOUSE
-bathroom
-kitchen area
-room
-washing / open space
INTERMETIATE HOUSE
BUILT HOUSE
-developing house
-veranda courtyard
-seperate kitchen
-additional room
-open space
-developing house
-merging of plots
-roof expansion
-vertical connections
-additional room
-improved bath
-adaptable space
"$
$1$/<6,6
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&
!4
"!

%!
!"
!$
BUILT vs. UNBUILT MASS
SPATIAL DiSTRIBUTION
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6&
EXISTING SITE
!"
empyt space
built space
25
50
75
100%
plots
roads
open space
ammeneties
72.5%
25 %
0.5%
2 %
plots
roads
open space
ammeneties
66.5%
25 %
6 %
2.5%
plots
roads
open space
ammeneties
60
22
10
8
RE-WORKED SITE
empyt space
69%
25
50
75
built space
100%
FUTURE SITE
empyt space
%!

"!
"$
built space
60%
25
50
75
%
%
%
%
100%
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6
!%
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6&
I would like to educate my 3

daughters and give them a
better life style
JOB: Market. Clothes.

FAMILY MEMBERS: 5
DAUGHTER 1
Internship as secretary at
YGW Cooperative
DAUGHTER 2
Sells her embroidery in the arts and
crafts events in public spaces and
provides tailoring for furniture in the
new houses
DAUGHTER 3
Works as a gardener for the community spaces, sells her vegetables and
occasionally teaches in gardening
workshops
DAUGHTER 3
Interested in biology and maths. Would like to
continue in a way with his father business.
DAUGHTER 1
Interested in writing, computers, linguistics...
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6
DAUGHTER 2
Interested in arts, had work, culture...
"$
"!

%!
!"
!5
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6&
We dont want charity!

It is necessary to promote arts and
crafts.
!"
Puppets are not only a source of

entertainment but also provided
moral and social education.
JOB: Puppeteering.
FAMILY MEMBERS: 9
Common problems faced:

-High density for one house.
-Houses becoming ovens in summer.
-Flooding in monsoon season.
-Migrating to the outside(APMC Market)
when the situation is unbearable.
One of the sons is more interested in new

technologies than working with his hands...
No problem! By joining Computer Workshops he has become a great Web Designer,
helping to advertise his familys products.
Creating events and promoting

arts and crafts is an starting
point from the community to
attract people.
The creation of public spaces

and a program of events to
improve these sectors income
and reactivate the interest for
tradition and culture.
These will lead to the upgrading of hoses in

Yogeshwar Nagar , solving the initial problems.
%!

"!
"$
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6
!6
I want to uplift
The new housing developed in the

left side of the site will serve to
allocate the people living in worst
conditions.
JOB: Husband, day labor.
FAMILY MEMBERS: 5
What happens then to the old plot?

New streets, water management,
housing, community spaces...
The proposed solution is selling
the plot to the cooperative so it
can be used as an improvement
for the community.
Money and safety will encourage

people to invest in their houses and
therefore upgrade the community.
These case is constantly repeated

along the site. Road and sewage
improvements lead to sunken houses
which get flooded constantly.
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6
Being the only earning member in

the family without a permanent and
formal job is a difficult situation. The
brick production will be one of the
new examples of employment for the
community.
"$
"!

%!
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6&
my house but, how???? My husband is

the only earning member...
!"
PUBLIC SPACE
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6&
!5
!"
relaxing
cultivate fruits
pavement
playing cricket
streetlight
shade through vegetation
working from home
playground
drain
reading newspaper
street furniture
waterpump
raise buildings
compost
sleeping
%!

"!
"$
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6
MILD INTERVENTIONS
playing cricket
streetlight
pavement
buulaaa
street furniture
sleeping
reading newspaper
drain
storage
cleaning streets
compost
cooking
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6
internal connections
"$
"!

%!
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6&
!6
!"
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6&
!5
!"
clothing lines integrated
raise buildings
beauty
street furniture
cultivate fruits
celebrating
playground
pavement
garbage collecting &

recycling
streetlight
waterpump
storage
drain
semi public space
%!

"!
"$
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6
commercial/
pedestrian
sidewalk
multifunctional
car street
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6
multifunctional
sidewalk
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6&
!6
commercial/
pedestriian
"$
"!

%!
!"
' ( 6 , * 1 352&(66
""
!"
%!

"!
"$
678'<02'(/3+272*5$3+6
2
15
0$,
'(
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IMPROVING
COMMERCIAL STREET
The challenge was to maintain the notion of the

masterplan whilst also encouraging a bottom-up
approach to interventions upon the site.
Maintain a sense of what is stable and unstable in
the story of Yogeshwar Nagar through different
architectural elements, looking at the flexibility
of the individual dwelling and the potential of the
public space // land as a way of creating spatial value
and long-term sustenance to the neighbourhood.
++
++
ADD PUBLIC SPACE
ADD PRIVATE SPACE
OPEN UP DENSE FABRIC
Through the use of both these strategies at the

same time, we have tried to achieve a short-term
and long-term, light and heavy, personal and
public effect on a small, leading to large, scale.
FIELD
NORTH-SOUTH
& 2 1 & ( 3 7)
!"
THRESHOLD TO THE CITY

COMMERCIAL
PROTECTIVE
BUSY
OUTWARD
SITE INTERIOR
GOALS
- NORTH//SOUTH CONNECTION
- RELATIONSHIP TO BORDERS : - MAINTAINING COMMERCIAL AND NONCOMMERCIAL BORDER
- IMPROVING PUBLIC SPACE WITHOUT TAKING AWAY FROM STREETS
- IMPROVING PRIVATE SPACE WITHOUT NEED FOR UNNECESSARY ENCLOSURE
- SMALL SCALE AUTONOMOUS IMPLEMENTATION.
RESIDENTIAL
DENSE
LOCALISED
COMMUNAL
THRESHOLD TO LAND
VERNACULAR
OPEN
TRANQUIL
5!
"!

: 5 , 7 7 ( 1 6 7 $ 7 ( 0 ( 1 7 2 ) ' ( 6 , * 1 & 2 1 & ( 5 1 6
"
color
involvement of people
size
growth in time
me
bamboo
VOIDS
RENTED
1/2 PLOT BAD
SUNKEN
& 2 1 & ( 3 7 8 $ /
1/2 PLOT GOO
, ' ( $ 6
flexible,
local,
functional,
cheap,
expansible,
easy to construct by one person (m/f),
demountable
& 2 1 & ( 3 7)
material
!"
site mapping
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6)
APMC MARKET
!"
BAMBOO CRAFTSMAN
STREET A
STREET B
STREET C
BANYAN TREE [13M]
FLATLAND USED FOR CRICKET

5!

!
"!
AGRICULTURAL LAND
STREET D
STREET E
STREET F
STREET G
STREET H
STREET I
STREET J
FARMHOUSE
$1$/<6,6
orna
parking coo
gathering
$1$/<6,6
storrage
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6)
!"
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6)
!"
MANEK CHOWK
WADAJ SLUM
HOLLYWOOD BASTI
SITE STUDY
EXISTING MOMENTS OF PUBLIC SPACE
POCKETS OF
DIFFERENTIATED SPACE
THAT ALLOWS MANY
ACTIVITIES
TRANSITION
BETWEEN PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE
$1$/<6,6
site mapping
threshold to land
APMC MARKET
BAMBOO CRAFTSMAN
STREET A
STREET B
STREET C
BANYAN TREE [13M]
FLATLAND USED FOR CRICKET
$1$/<6,6
AGRICULTURAL LAND
STREET D
STREET E
STREET F
STREET G
STREET H
STREET I
STREET J
FARMHOUSE
B A
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6)
!"
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6)
!"
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6 67$*(
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6)
STUDY 3RD FACADE BAMBOO
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6 67$*(
!"
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6)

!"
involvement of people
growth in time
me
color
material
VOIDS
RENTED
1/2 PLOT BAD
SUNKEN
1/2 PLOT GOO
size
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6 67$*(
MENTAL GROWTH PUBLIC SPACE
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 & ( 6 6)
;;
& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6 67$*(

"!
5!
!"

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SURSRVHGGHYHORSPHQWMXVWVKRZLQJWKHEXLOWXQEXLOW
!"

COMMERCIAL
PROTECTIVE
BUSY
OUTWARD
SITE INTERIOR
RESIDENTIAL
DENSE
LOCALISED
COMMUNAL
THRESHOLD TO LAND
VERNACULAR
OPEN
TRANQUIL
(/(0(1762)'(6,*1
SCNERIO masterplan
;"
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 3 2 6 $ /)
final mastterplan
an
"!
!

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!"
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!"
nORTH wEST
BORDER
COMMERCIAL
PROTECTIVE
BUSY
OUTWARD

.
5!
"!

6(&7,216(/(9$7,21
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;7
,)<)+)()1)$
!"
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!"
SOUTH EAST
THRESHOLD TO LAND
BORDER
VERNACULAR
OPEN
TRANQUIL

5!

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% / 2 & . 3 / $ 1 6(&7,216
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;8
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!"

add public space
++++++++++++++++++++++++
PUBLIC GOAL// PERSONAL GAIN
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 3 2 6 $ /)
TYPOLOGIES
!"
TYPOLOGIES
ELEVATE
ELEVATE
COULD BE APPLIED TO//

RECESSED HOUSING
RECESSED HOUSING
PUBLIC GAIN//
PUBLIC SPACE +
NORTH SOUTH CONNECTION
PUBLIC GAIN//
PUBLIC SPACE +
PRIVATE
NORTH
SOUTHGAIN//
CONNECTION
IMPROVE HOUSING
PRIVATE GAIN//
IMPROVE HOUSING
COUPLE
COUPLE

ALL HOUSING
ALL HOUSING
PUBLIC GAIN//
PUBLIC GAIN//
PRIVATE GAIN//
IMPROVE HOUSING
PRIVATE GAIN//
IMPROVE HOUSING
STACK
STACK

RENTED HOUSING
RENTED HOUSING
PUBLIC GAIN//
PUBLIC SPACE
PUBLIC GAIN//
PUBLIC SPACE
PRIVATE GAIN//
IMPROVE HOUSING
PRIVATE GAIN//
IMPROVE HOUSING
;:
site mapping
15
16
17
12
' ( 6 , * 1 3 5 2 3 2 6 $ /)
RENTED HOUSES
HALF PLOT POOR QUALITY HOUSES
SUNKEN HOUSES
RELIGIOUS SITES
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The proposal for Yogeshwar Nagar consists out of the implementation of a new cycle of life. This cycle beholds aspects that focus on Architecture,
Sustainability and Social structures. In that sense, recycling is understood as reinserting the urban structure of the neighborhood in a cycle dynamic.
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In concept, an extra layer of plug-ins is progressively placed above the existing tissue. The plug-ins consists out of a strong bamboo and steel
structure, to be constructed and built by the inhabitants themselves. Next to this, the plug-ins will give space to new amenities, concerning the neighbourhood as well as the larger scale of Ahmedabad. Especially around the squares, the plug ins are used to connect some of the existing roof terraces, resulting
in a new urban open space.
Earning money with self-employment
Demolishing a few Houses

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t
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By planting the bamboo and poplars on site, the whole cycle of the to-be-constructed layer is visible and accessible to the inhabitants. The different processing steps as provisioning, classification, knot removal, slicing, drying, cutting... will take place in the new workshops. The main hub for the
workshops will be placed on the east side of the site, next to the bamboo planting grounds.
At the plantation, the poplars help infiltrate the rainwater into the ground, resulting in a better environment for the bamboo to grow. Both the
poplars and the bamboo, once grown, are used for the construction of the plug ins. This productive forest will generate wood and biomass while it helps
to filter and infiltrate the water.
The women in the neighbourhood are full of capabilities that are not being used at this moment. By giving the women a place to get together
and set up their own businesses, they will gain more power over their lives. The women's empowerment centre will consist out of several smaller hubs:
a workshop centre, a financing centre and a shop where their goods can be sold.
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Since the structure is supposed to be built by the inhabitants of the site, a certain level of knowledge is needed. Taking their skills as the startingpoint, a training centre is founded in which the inhabitants can learn about constructing, building and growing of the building materials ( bamboo,
poplars and steel). This knowledge will also improve the chances of the builders on the job market outside their neighbourhood.
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Ahmedabad is a habitant of 1000 slums; out

of which 40 slums has been upgraded till date.
The proposed scheme aims to act as a tigger
like a catalyst which can make impact within Yogeshwar nagar and as well as on its surroundiing neighborhoods. The site- Yogeshwar nagar is
situated towards the south of Ahmedabad.
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The site is surrounded by roads, agricultural land and wasteland. The land ownership of this land is not particularly clear, but the land certainly does
not belong to the inhabitants of the site.
A lot of activities are taking place in the streets. People are sitting in front of their houses and do their daily job, or just have a chat with their neighbours. But the streets are also used as a playground for the children, a place to hang and dry clothes and sometimes also as a place to cook dinner.
This mix of activities makes that the streets are being occupied throughout the whole day, creating a vibrant atmosphere. What is striking though, is
the amount of land that is actually used for these activities, since the streets are quite narrow. They vary from a maximum of approximately 2.7m to
a minimum of approximately 1m. This makes the streets even more intense.
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. Haphazard development
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neighbours due to the linear
development
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Another tool that is usually

implemented to make spaces
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that vegetation,
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trees to find at the site, let
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lonely leaves.
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The people make intensive use of the

streets. This makes the streets more than satisfied.
The inhabitants however do not seem to bother
about finding more places to expand their public
space, they rather have more space for their personal belongings. When they do have this space in
the shape of the roof terrace, they actually do not
use it, except for during the night.
The roof terrace therefore could be a handle in the cycle that is being implemented. By turning the roof terrace into a public space, the intensiveness of the streets could be lowered, and the
use of space could become more balanced. Also,
making roof terraces into public space seems to be
a way of creating more space while not having to
give away any land to make it.
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A big problem for the neigbourhood

rises during the monsoon season. The streets are
flooded and the lower houses become unusable,
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at the APMC market. As a solution to this, a new
water infrastructure is proposed. The new system
revolves around wells that are collecting the rainwater. The wells are interconnected underground
and lead the water towards the bamboo and poplar
plantation, a future water treatment plant and to
the sportsfield. Every step of the water cycle (rain
collecting, supply, drinking, washing, flushing, irrigation, evaporation and percolation...) is to be con:DWHU6XSSO\
sidered in the design.
At the plantation, the poplars help infiltrate
the rainwater into the ground, resulting in a better environment for the bamboo to grow. Both the
poplars and the bamboo, once grown, are used
for the construction of the plug ins. This productive forest will generate wood and biomass while it
helps to filter and infiltrate the water.
Once the bamboo and the poplars are grown
enough, they will get harvested and are being processed into building structures that the inhabitants
are placing over their houses. These structures are
giving the existing houses a framework in which
they can grow further. The inhabitants however are
never forced to actually use the structure like this.
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The water system that is being implemented works as

follows: rainwater is harvested in wells that are placed throughout
the site. These wells are interconnected through a underground
drainage system.

This system leads the water towards the agricultural land on the east side of the site. Once the water
reaches there, it will be used for bamboo and poplars
that are being planted there to grow.
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While the bamboo and poplars are growing, a water cleaning plant will be constructed. When monsoon then hits and
large amounts of water are available, the
excess of water gets stored into the structure of the wells. The bamboo and poplars
will not use up all this stored water and
therefore the water cleaning plant can
provide the people of the site with their
own clean water.
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The women in the neighbourhood are full of

capabilities that are not being used at this moment. By
giving the women a place to gather and set up their own
business, they will gain more power over their lives. The
women's empowerment centre will consist out of several
smaller hubs: a workshop centre, a financing centre and a
shop where their goods can be sold.
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The finance system that is being implemented is based upon the theory and practice of (WHAT IS HIS NAME? THE MOHAMMED YUSUF GUY?).
In his ideas, he proposes the use of microdredits. However, instead of providing credit to only one person at a time, he provides credit to people that
are collaborating in a small group of about five persons. Each person still has their personal responsibility, but at the same time, each person has to
make sure that the others are taking their responsibility. This type of social control results in a very efficient and thrustworthy system.
Our variation on this theory is to divide the site into certain larger groups, according to the number of streets. Within the streets, households are also being clustered. Five houses will form one cluster. When the actual credit giving takes place, this will happen into phases. First one
five-house-cluster will get clustered. Then the second one and so on. These smaller clusters, just as the five persons, have to make sure that each
household takes their responsibility. On a larger scale however, also al the smaller clusters in the street have a responsibility according to each other.
This results in a pyramid like shape of responsibility.
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2 WEEKS - Step I
-Preparing the Earth
-Planting Bamboo
-List of Houses up for Demolition
NOW
24 Month - Step VIII

-Bamboo can be used
3 Month - Step II
-Partial demolition takes place
-Squares are implemented
-Implementation of the Water System,
-Starting with the most Important nodes
26 Month - Step IX
-The own Builders Yard empowers the people
to be independent
4 Month - Step III

-Start using stormwater
-Providing a drainage system
infinite process
-Galloping Development
02'(/7,0(/,1(
6 Month - Step IV
-Providing A Water collecting system for the
whole Settlement
-Analising a place for the women center
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8 Month - Step V
-Developing a System to Recycle the waste
water to help the Bamboo grow
-The women center starts working
12 Month - Step VI
-Pointing out the potential roof terraces
and connecting them
-Roof terraces will have different functions
-Instalation of water cleaning system and
water storage tank
-Workshops are strategically placed at
nodes
18 Month - Step VII

-At the women center formal training is
imparted to make handicraft which are
eventually sold at the shop adjacent to the
center.
-The influx of women increases
-People can expand their buisness
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Abstract
Strategy
From Street to Public Space
1. The Soft way of Re-Shape the Public Space
The public space, unoccupied by surrounding buildings and

shared by everyone, has a vital function in Yogeshwar Nagar: to let people meet their neighbors.
Here daily household activity extends from the roofed space
to the narrow inner street, interaction happens and the loss
bond between houses are strengthen.
In the semi-private street level, The vivid interaction between neighbors we observe in some part of the site are not
happening in some part of the neighborhood because of their
limitation of street width and house orientation. In other
parts of the site the space is adequate yet lake of privacy
from the main street.
Frome Neighborhoods to One Community
Our master plan aim to maintian the good quality of present

street level public space and introduce new public square to
serve new community level activities.
An urban informal settlement like Yogeshwar Nagar is vulnerable due to the lake of legal ownership of the place they
occupied. We dont want all the good qualities we observed
inside this neighborhood to be destroyed because of careless redevelopment. The people in the neighborhood need to
form a community, which stands up for them against issues
such as re-development.
Yet to bond the whole neighborhood into one strong community, the present physical form of Nageshwar Nagar
doesnt provide one vital element: Community level public
space.
1. The Soft way of Re-Shape the Public Space

Beside shape the present main street into a pedestrianfriendly area to intensify the market activities for local
vender and consumer, Customers from other part of the city
FDQEHLQWURGXFHZKHQORFDOGHPDQGDUHIXOOOHG7KHSXElicity of the neighborhood.
The whole Nageshwar Nagar growth like a living organism,

extension and renovation happen rapidly during the short
period of our visit. Our strategy is to use this constant reshape from building level into street level.
People involve more to public issue when their livelihood is

secured. In our opinion the average income in the neighborhood is not adequate yet. Intensify the street market commercial activities is our main approach.
2. Intensify present Neighborhood Market into Public Street
Market
Beside shape the present main street into a pedestrianfriendly area to intensify the market activities for local
vender and consumer, Customers from other part of the city
FDQEHLQWURGXFHZKHQORFDOGHPDQGDUHIXOOOHG7KHSXElicity of the neighborhood.
0
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YOGESHWAR NAGAR is an informal

settlement situated at the southern end
of the city Ahmedabad. Remote, yet still
well connected to the city centre thanks
to neighboring to major roads. A planed
metro terminal will reinforce this connection in the future.
6 , 7 ( $ 1 $ / < 6 , 6&

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There is a strong context associated with

WKHVLWHUVWEHLQJWKHDJULFXOWXUDOSURduce market committee (APMC) wholeVDOHPDUNHWWKDWKDVDVWURQJLQXHQFH
on our site as people work there as daily
wage workers. Secondly, hotel vishala
showcases Gujarati culture through various forms like dance, food, clothing, pottery, etc. The south and the eastern side
of the site is surrounded by agricultural
HOGVZLWKIDUPLQJDQGFDWWOHDFWLYLWLHV
merging with the urban landscape.
))()*%
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The site is divided into two halves by

a road in the middle. Both the halves
are starckly different in everthing, open
spaces, street form, house form, and land
ownership.
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!"#$"%56,7/&8&%9(&+%'()%*)&%+),"-.%"/&/&%/"$."%:6;$!&;;6&$0)$,).%<=68
Note
03, 2013
Privat Street: Only acess by people who live on the street

Semi-private Street: also share to the neighbors
who use as passage
Passage: Stem that Link to (semi-) private streets.
Semi-Puublic Street: Visually open to Total Public
but foreign access will be notice
Total Public
Source:
!0 $5

10
20
6 L W H

6 W U H H W
3 U L Y D F \
+ L H U D U F K \
$!
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100 m
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!"#$"%56,7/&8&%9(&+%'()%*)&%+),"-.%"/&/&%/"$."%:6;$!&;;6&$0)$,).%<=
Present
01
1st side
Open
/Close
16
18
37
Total Link Units
2nd side
Note
03, 2013
2
2

6
7
13
5
5
10
0
5
0
5
5
0
5
0
24
30
54
4
7
11
9
9
18
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11
10
10
16
16
16
36
52
60
19
18
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16
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3
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7
15
7
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14
49
52
101
33
33
33
33
31
31
29
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32
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16
31
7
9
4
0
2

who use as passage
14
6
25
29
31
14
0
/ B O C C B &
2 R D K C &
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20
35
50
( O A C E B D B A G E
100 m
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!"#$"%56,7/&8&%9(&+%'()%*)&%+),"-.%"/&/&%/"$."%:6;$!&;;6&$0)$,).%<=68
Present
03
Note
03, 2013

who use as passage
Total Public
Door
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6 7 5 $7 ( * <
orkshop VSF
Yogeshwar Nager Settlement, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
cyc. Bus.
Thinking
Plan
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Jobs for:
Collecting
Separation
1. Collecting / storage
2. Dismantle into frames and panels
3. Material processing
4. Refurbishing and Sale
5. Waste material recycle
Feeding
Composting
Storage and Sale
Incineration
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95cm house:

2QRXUUVWGD\DWWKHVLWHZHPHW6KDQWLEHQ6KDQWLEHQOLYHVZLWK
her three children in a house that has a roof 95 cm above the street level,
that is 40 cm above the house level. Thus, getting a total livable height
of 135cm inside the house. It was a temperorary house with unplastered
EULFNVDVEHVWRVVKHHWURRQJ7KHSODQZDVDVTXDUHVKDSHGDSSUR[Lmately 15 x 15, with bathroom at one end, kitchen and living sharing the
same premises, changing functions over the entire day.
Some weeks ago, when we went to the site, we found out the lady
had removed all the bricks and the roof and was making a permanent
brick construction and was raising plinth and the height of the house. The
people, being entrepreneurs in their own small way, have the ability and
the capacity to earn and build their own houses and live happily, only
thing the people require is opportunities
house 2:

0DGDQDVWXGHQWZLWKDKLJKVFKRROFHUWLFDWHLVQRZFXUUHQWO\
working in a hotel as a waiter and is also studying BCA. He could not
complete his studies earlier because his parents could not afford his stud-
$)'3
ies. He has two brothers and three sisters, some of them currently go to
a municipal school a few kilometres away and others were studying at
chirag school situated on site but they left because the parents could not
afford their schooling too (that too just 150 rupees a month). The slum is
not just a housing problem, it is something more than just houses. There
are many different complex problems that are intertwined with each other.
house 3:
We spent a night at the home of Mohanlal, a local social worker
working with the government for building up his community. Mohanlal
has an elder brother who runs a general store at the site. He remembers
coming to the settlement 40- 50 years back when he was a child with his
father who had bought a small room at that time. When the family grew
up, the father extended the house to another room converting it to a temporary kitchen. A few years later when the grand children had been born,
the demand led them to purchase the back house and also construct house
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49 / 58 m2
3rdnd Gen.
28 / 107 m2
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Ground L.
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material, grey water, pass and the heaviest material goes
!!
to the bottom of the chamber.
It consists on 5 different parts:
DEWATS is a system to Descentralize Water Treatment.
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in the Pond where water is ready to use.
Then, Anaerobic Filter which is also close to the atmosphere but at the end has a vent to expulse the gas generated in the process.
The second one is the Horizontal Reactor where water

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atmosphere.
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H A B I T A T

VASTU SHILPA FOUNDATION & CEPT UNIVERISTY

LS Raheja School of Architecture, Mumbai, India

Holistic design with multi disciplinary approach

Design innovations for the improved quality of life

Contextually relevant design which is responsive to

Optimal designs with minimum resource demands

Khushnu Panthaki Hoof - Architect

Balkrishna Doshi - Architect, Planner

STUDENT REGISTRATION COORDINATION (Europe)

Haresh Pandya - Architect

LS Raheja School of Architecture, Mumbai, India

GUEST SPEAKERS AND VISITING CRITICS

Debashish Nayak - Architect, Heritage Management

HABITAT DESIGN IN URBAN CONTEXT

Ahmedabad City and the immediate context:

Aerial view- Walled city of Amdavad

City across the river

Ahmedabad - Evolution of City

Contemporary City Shape

For Instance, Dharavi in mumbai has a turnover of $650 million per

Slums - Extended Cityscape in India

City government is working on several alternative approaches towards

Wadaj slums, Ahmedabad - General situation of slums in Ahmedabad

A girl in Yogeshwar nagar, selling vegetables and studying

Recent High/ Mid-rise

Effective Temperature C (Monthly mean)

Monthly Mean Max

Monthly Mean Max

Sun rise line

Effective Temperature Isopleth : Ahmedabad

RAIN AND WIND

Monthly Mean Max.

Monthly Mean Max.

Monthly Mean Wind Pattern : Ahmedabad

From Dec 22 to Jun 21

Orientation north and south (long axis east-west)

Open spacing for breeze penetration, but protection

from hot and cold winds

Exclude direct sunlight

Wall and floors

Heavy , over 7 hrs. time lag

Light, insulated roofs

Space for outdoor sleeping required

Rooms single banked, permanent provision for air movement

This figures are the sun path diagrams at latitude 23 N

From Jun 21 to Dec 22

SHADING REQUIREMENTS IN GUJARAT

Sustainable Design Guidelines

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN GUIDELINE

2) LIFE CYCLE DESIGN

1.1 Energy Conservation

2.1 Pre-Building Phase

1.2 Water Conservation

2.2 Building Phase

3.2 Urban Design and Site Planning

International Studio 2013

VSTU SHILP FOUNDATION & CEPT University

# $ % & ' (%( ) * + , ' - . ) ' . ) / 0 & % . ) 1 2 . ( + 3 ( 4

& 2 1 & ( 3 7&

4th LARGEST ECONOMY IN THE WORLD

INDIANS URBAN POPULATION IS

& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6

& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6

& 2 1 7 ( ; 7 8 $ / 6 7 8 ' , ( 6 $ 1 ' ( ; 3 / 2 5 $ 7 , 2 1 6