Blood Type testing Lab

Panasaya C., Preeyapa L.

Introduction
Blood is often grouped according to the ABO blood typing system. Your blood type depends
on the types that are been passed down to you from your parents by multiple allelic traits. Multiple
alleles is a type of non-Mendelian inheritance pattern that has more than just the typical two alleles
code for a certain characteristic. Means more than two phenotypes available depending on the
dominant or recessive alleles that are available in the trait and the dominance pattern the individual
alleles follow when combined together
Distinct molecules called an antigen are attached to the surface of red blood cells. There are
two different types of antigen; A and B. For Blood plasma it is packed with proteins called antibodies.
There are a variety of antibodies that will recognize and attack foreign molecules that enter from the
outside. The immune complex is then transported to cellular systems where it can be destroyed or
deactivated. The different between four types is different blood type has different antigen and
antibodies. For type A people will have A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells and B
antibodies in plasma. For people with type B will have B antigen and A antibodies. For type O it is a
recessive alleles so it will have no antigen and contain both A and B antibodies. For type AB it is
codominance means more than one allele fully expressed so people with AB blood type will contain
both A and B antigen but they do not have any of antigen that means people with AB blood type can
accept blood from any type.
This blood type testing lab is for determines the persons blood type. To test your blood
group, we have to take your blood sample and mixed it with antibodies against type A and B blood,
and the sample is checked to see whether or not the blood cells stick together. If blood cells stick
together, it means the blood reacted with one of the antibodies. If the blood react with anti A, B, and
AB means that it is AB blood type. If the blood react with anti A and AB means the blood is A as same
as B if the blood react with anti B and AB means the blood is B. And if it not react means the blood
type is O because type O did not contain any antigen.
Materials
2 Microscope Slides
- Lancet Device
Anti -A, -B ,-AB
- Ethanol
Markers
- Cotton Ball
Lancets
- 3 toothpicks
Experimental Procedure
1. Draw a two circle diameter - 1 cm side by side on each 2 slide
2. Mark each circle : control, anti A, anti B, anti AB
3. Puncture the tip of your finger
4. Drop each circle drop a blood - not in control
5. In circle marked as :
-Anti A - drop of Anti
-Anti B - drop of Anti B
-Anti AB - drop of Anti AB
6. Use each toothpick to mix the blood and antibody

7. Wait 10 second
8. Write it on table below
Result
State:
Coagulation/
Coagulation
Control

No Coagulation

Anti-A

Coagulation

Anti-B

No Coagulation

Anti-AB

Coagulation

No

Table 1: show the state of blood

From the picture above the control is a pure blood without antibody. We can observe that
when we drop the antibodies A and AB the coagulation are shown but when we drop antibody B

it
has no change.
Discussion

From the punett square the possibility blood type for the offspring is 50% type A
and 50% type B.

The Possible scenario (Panasaya): Mother AB, Father O

D\M

A
I

B
I

A
I
i

B
I
i

A
I
i

B
I
i

Table 2: the possible scenario for mom AB and dad O

From the punett square the possibility blood type for the offspring is 50% type A
and 50% type O.

The Possible scenario (Preeyapa): Mother O, Father A

D\M

A
I

A
I
i

A
I
i

ii

ii

From the punett square the possibility blood type for the offspring is 100% type A.
Table 3: the possible scenario for mom O and Dad A (heterozygous)

D\M

A
I

A
I
i

A
I
i

A
I

A
I
i

A
I
i

Table 4: the possible scenario for mom O and Dad A (homozygous)

Blood coagulates with some antibodies but not with other antibodies because each of blood type has
different kind of antigens.
In type A blood they contain antigen A so it will coagulate with antibodies A and AB but it will not
coagulate with antibodies B because blood type A also contain antibodies B.
In type B blood they contain antigen B so it will coagulate with antibodies B and AB but it will not
coagulate with antibodies A because blood type B also contain antibodies A.
In type AB blood they contain both antigen A and B but does not contain any antibodies so it will
coagulate with all antibodies.
In type O blood they has no antigen but contain A, B and AB antibodies so it will not coagulate with
any antibodies.
In this lab we do not have any error.

Conclusion
This blood type testing experiment is to determine the persons blood type. We do it by get
the blood sample and mix it with 3 different types of antibodies; A,B and AB and observe weather it
has coagulation or not. The result that we get is precise with the possible scenario in table 1. We see
the coagulation when drop antibodies A and AB means that the blood sample contain A antigen and
does not contain B antigen because if the blood sample contain B antigen it have to coagulate with B
antibodies. So the blood type that have the same situation as above is blood type A.
From this lab we learn the multiple allelic trait by test ABO blood type. We can see the
different result from the different blood type we can see from the coagulation that which type
contain which antigen and antibodies. That can told us which type of blood can give to which type so
it is important information that we have to know for using in real life.
Type A can gives blood to A and AB because they does not contain antibodies A.
Type B can gives blood to B and AB because they does not contain antibodies B.
Type AB can give blood only to AB because another group contain antibodies but AB does not
contain any antibodies.
Type O can give blood to every group because type O does not antigen so it cannot interact with any
antibodies.
Reference
Gersten, T. (2015). Blood typing [online]. Available:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003345.htm
[Friday, 20-March-2015 22:16]
Krans, B. (2012). Blood typing [online]. Available:
http://www.healthline.com/health/blood-typing#HowItsDone6
[Friday, 20-March-2015 22:32]
American Association for Clinical Chemistry. (2014). Blood typing [online]. Available:
http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/blood-typing/tab/test/
[Friday, 20-March-2015
22:45]

Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Genes and blood type. [online]. Available:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/inheritance/blood/
[Saturday, 21-March-2015 21:03]
Home Health. (2007) Blood Group Test ABO and Rhesus. [online]. Available:
http://www.homehealth-uk.com/medical/bloodgroup.htm
[Saturday, 21-March-2015 21:40]