Fossil Fuels

Lorena Snchez & Jos Luis Vzquez

Introduction
Fossil fuel is a general term for buried combustible geologic
deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants
and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal,
natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure
in the earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years.

Problem

Production
To produce a fossil fuel, it's necessary to destroy
natural habitats. Mainly the fossil fuels are found
underground. In reservoirs or in mines.

Combustin

The combustion of fossil fuels to create electrical

energy, emits air emissions, water use pollution,
land use and solid waste pollution.

Main Types of
Fossil Fuels

Oil

Description
How does it looks?
Oil is a thick, black liquid
Where can they be found?
Underground Reservoirs
(Venezuela, Middle East, Gulf of Mexico)
Uses
Refined Fuel
Combustion for electrical energy
Plastic

Facts
The daily production of PEMEX per day is 2.4 million of barrels.
And the daily consume is 2,073 million of barrels

Fossil Fuel
It is also a fossil fuel that is made after the product
of decomposition of organic materials that have
been subjected to geologic heat and pressure over
millions of years.

Chemistry
Petroleum comes from two latin words
Petra = Rock + Oleum= oil
Weight= 86.18
Melting Point= -95C
Boiling Point = 90-100C

Chemical Compound
It has a complex and variable mixture of hydrocarbons plus
other organic compounds in the liquid state. Petroleum
contains 83- 87% carbon, 10 to 14% hydrogen, with trace
amounts of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.

Facts
The daily production of PEMEX is 5.7 million of cubic feet per
day.
The daily consume is 62,42 millions of cubic feet

Underground Reservoirs
The process of drilling and extracting oil is complex and leaves
many opportunities for error or accidents, the piping used to
transport and extract oil is made of metals, which can degrade. If
it happens the pipes will rupture contaminates the land and
waters which surround it.

Air Emissions
If the pipes do not rupture,
contamination is still eminent via the
large waste pits, often left unlined and
open.and flames from burning the
natural gas found in oil fields cause air
pollution, and flames from burning the
natural gas found in oil fields cause air
pollution.

Oil Spills
Accidents, and illegal dumping of oil barrels and produced water
lead to devastating ecological and health consequences that can
last for decades. Many of these chemicals are detrimental or
deadly to animals and entire ecosystems can dissolve as a result
of oil contamination.

Coal

Description
How does it looks?
Carbon is a black, greyish or dark brown mineral.
Where can be found?
Mines.
(Usa, India, China)
Uses
Electricity Generation
Steel Production
Cement Manufacturing

Fossil Fuel
Carbon is a black, greyish or dark brown mineral. Also a fossil
fuel formed from decomposition of organic materials that have
been in constant contact with geologic heat and pressure over
thousands.

Chemistry and Facts

Coal is composed by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur
Around 6.6 billion tonnes of hard coal were used worldwide last
year and 1 billion tonnes of brown coal.
In 2013 coal was used to generate over 40% of the world's
electricity.

Mining
Coal is obtained by mining, because of it the land is destroyed.
Also throughout the years mining has been demonstrated as a
dangerous job. With the accidents in Santiago Chile.

Air Emissions
Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur Oxides
Nitrogen Oxides
Mercury Compounds

Water Use
Use of large quantities of water to cool
down the machinery in the power plants,
and the systems.

Natural Gas

Description
How does it looks?
In a gaseous state.
Where can be found?
Underground (United States, Russia, Iran)
Uses
Fuel for Cooking
Provides Energy
Heater

Fossil Fuel
Natural Gas is a fossil fuel is formed when layers of
buried plants and animals are exposed to intense
heat and pressure over thousands of years, making
Natural Gas a nonrenewable resource.

Compounds
Natural Gas Chemistry Compounds
Methane, CH4
Ethane, C2H6
Nitrogen, N2
Oxygen, O2
Propane C3H8
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
Butane C4H10
Pentane C5H12

Extraction
The extraction of natural gas, needs of advance technology. The
Natural Gas is found underground and by drilling the Natural Gas
is Obtained.

Air Emissions
When natural gas is combusted to create electrical
energy, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and
sometimes even, methane are released into the air.

Solution

Solar Energy

Wind Power

Hydro Power

Bibliography
http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB2248176.
htm
http://www.petrocenter.com/reservoir/subtopics/oil%20chemistry.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/fossil_fuel.htm
http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-of-coal/
http://www.api.org/oil-and-natural-gas-overview/exploration-andproduction/natural-gas/natural-gas-uses
http://www.indexmundi.com/es/mexico/petroleo_consumo.html
http://www.indexmundi.com/es/mexico/gas_natural_consumo.html
http://rainforestfoundation.org/effects-oil-drilling-0