Raw Water Clasification

Table 1.
US EPA Classification of Lakes and Ponds based on

Alkalinity as Measured in Concentration of Calcium
Carbonate (CaCO3)
Category
Concentration of CaCO3 (ppm)
Acidified
<1 and pH < 5
Critical
<2
Endangered
2~5
Highly Sensitive
5 ~ 10
Sensitive
10 ~ 20
Non Sensitive
> 20
[A] WATER RESOURCE - A

PARAMETER :
TSS =
180
ppm
TDS =
3450
ppm CaCO3
pH =
8.3
Temperature =
28
WATER ANALYSIS - ION

Water Analysis - Ion
ppmw
MW
Ca2+
25.0
40
Mg2+
2.0
24
Mn2+
0.0
50
Ba2+
0.9
112
Sr2+
1.5
76
Na+
1360.0
23
NH4+
1.2
18
K+
15.0
39
Fe3+
0.1
52
Al3+
0.0
26
HCO3-
1707.2
61
CO32-
0.6
60
SO42-
2.0
96
Cl-
1210.0
35
Br-
4.1
70
F-
2.5
18
NO3-
0.0
62
SiO2
20.0
60
PO42-
0.1
94
SOLUTION :
[1] Check TDS
Total Cation =
TDS Feed =
3055.1
ppm CaCO3
3450
ppm CaCO3
Note : balancing should be conducted then total cation = total anion = TDS
TDS/Total Cation =
1.13
TDS/Total Anion =
1.10
[2] Ion Balancing
WATER ANA
ppmw
MW
Ca2+
28.0
40
Mg2+
2.3
24
Mn2+
0.0
50
Ba2+
1.0
112
Sr2+
1.7
76
Na+
1535.8
23
NH4+
1.4
18
K+
17.0
39
Fe3+
0.1
52
Al3+
0.0
26
HCO3-
1877.4
61
CO32-
0.7
60
SO42-
2.2
96
Cl-
1330.6
35
Br-
4.5
70
F-
2.7
18
NO3-
0.0
62
SiO2
21.9
60
PO42-
0.1
94
[3] Result and Conclusion

Total Cation =
3450.0
ppm CaCO3
Total Anion =
3450
ppm CaCO3
Total Hardness =
79.8
ppm CaCO3
4.7
gr/gal CaCO3
Hardness Criteria = Slighty Hard Water
Total Alkalinity =
=
1540.7
ppm CaCO3
90.1
gr/gal CaCO3
Alkalinity Criteria = Non Sensitive
Parameter to be Concerned
Min/Max Limit
ppm
TSS
max 50
TDS
pH
min 6
Total Alkalinity
Total Hardness
min 5
Total N
max 5
Total P
max 0.05
Al3+
max 5
Cl-
max 150
F-
max 1
Fe3+
max 0.2
Mn2+
max 0.2
K+
max 0.1
TOC
max 10
Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :

(1) Chemical Feed (Coagulant, Flocculant, Clarifier, pH adj)
(2) Media Filtration (Sand Filter) and Carbon Filter in Series.
(3) TDS Removal by Membrane
Typical Water : Surface Water (River, Lake, etc)
[B] WATER RESOURCE - B

PARAMETER :
TSS =
80
TDS =
4985
pH =
3.1
Temperature =
25
ppm
ppm CaCO3

ppmw
MW
Ca2+
1325.0
40
Mg2+
1.0
24
Mn2+
8.2
50
Ba2+
1.0
112
Sr2+
1.0
76
Na+
2000.0
23
NH4+
0.0
18
K+
50.0
39
Fe3+
670.0
52
Al3+
3.6
26
HCO3-
0.0
61
CO32-
0.0
60
SO42-
2880.0
96
Cl-
400.0
35
Br-
0.0
70
F-
1.0
18
NO3-
100.0
62
SiO2
10.0
60
PO42-
0.0
94
SOLUTION :
[1] Check TDS
Total Cation =
TDS Feed =
9701.6
ppm CaCO3
4985
ppm CaCO3
TDS/Total Cation =
0.51
TDS/Total Anion =
1.36
[2] Ion Balancing
WATER ANA
ppmw
MW
Ca2+
680.8
40
Mg2+
0.5
24
Mn2+
4.2
50
Ba2+
0.6
112
Sr2+
0.5
76
Na+
1027.6
23
NH4+
0.0
18
K+
25.7
39
Fe3+
344.3
52
Al3+
1.9
26
HCO3-
0.0
61
CO32-
0.0
60
SO42-
3926.0
96
Cl-
544.9
35
Br-
0.0
70
F-
1.4
18
NO3-
136.3
62
SiO2
13.7
60
PO42-
0.0
94

Total Cation =
4985.0
ppm CaCO3
Total Anion =
4985
ppm CaCO3
1702.1
ppm CaCO3
99.5
gr/gal CaCO3
Total Hardness =
=
Hardness Criteria = Very Hard Water
Total Alkalinity =
0.0
ppm CaCO3
0.0
gr/gal CaCO3
Alkalinity Criteria = Acidified
Min/Max Limit
ppm
TSS
max 50
TDS
pH
min 6
Total Alkalinity
Total Hardness
min 5
Total N
max 5
Total P
max 0.05
Al3+
max 5
Cl-
max 150
F-
max 1
Fe3+
max 0.2
Mn2+
max 0.2
K+
max 0.1
TOC
max 10

(3) Greendsand Filtration
Typical Water : Surface Water (River, Lake, etc)
[C] WATER RESOURCE - C

PARAMETER :
TSS =
30
ppm
TDS =
3400
pH =
9.4
Temperature =
22
ppm CaCO3

ppmw
MW
Ca2+
10.0
40
Mg2+
2.0
24
Mn2+
0.0
50
Ba2+
0.9
112
Sr2+
1.5
76
Na+
919.3
23
NH4+
0.8
18
K+
15.0
39
Fe3+
0.1
52
Al3+
0.0
26
HCO3-
1360.0
61
CO32-
121.1
60
SO42-
2.0
96
Cl-
1210.0
35
Br-
4.1
70
F-
2.5
18
NO3-
0.0
62
SiO2
20.0
60
PO42-
0.1
94
SOLUTION :
[1] Check TDS
Total Cation =
TDS Feed =
2057.6
ppm CaCO3
3400
ppm CaCO3
TDS/Total Cation =
1.65
TDS/Total Anion =
1.11
[2] Ion Balancing
WATER ANA
ppmw
MW
Ca2+
16.5
40
Mg2+
3.3
24
Mn2+
0.0
50
Ba2+
1.5
112
Sr2+
2.5
76
Na+
1519.0
23
NH4+
1.3
18
K+
24.8
39
Fe3+
0.1
52
Al3+
0.0
26
HCO3-
1514.3
61
CO32-
134.8
60
SO42-
2.2
96
Cl-
1347.3
35
Br-
4.6
70
F-
2.8
18
NO3-
0.0
62
SiO2
22.3
60
PO42-
0.1
94

Total Cation =
3400.0
ppm CaCO3
Total Anion =
3400
ppm CaCO3
Total Hardness =
54.9
ppm CaCO3
3.2
gr/gal CaCO3
Total Alkalinity =
=
1466.7
ppm CaCO3
85.8
gr/gal CaCO3
Alkalinity Criteria = Slighty Hard Water
Min/Max Limit
ppm
TSS
max 50
TDS
pH
min 6
Total Alkalinity
Total Hardness
min 5
Total N
max 5
Total P
max 0.05
Al3+
max 5
Cl-
max 150
F-
max 1
Fe3+
max 0.2
Mn2+
max 0.2
K+
max 0.1
TOC
max 10

Typical Water : Ground Water (Well)
[D] WATER RESOURCE - D

PARAMETER :
TSS =
10
TDS =
17000
pH =
7.3
Temperature =
50
ppm
ppm CaCO3

ppmw
MW
Ca2+
600.0
40
Mg2+
185.0
24
Mn2+
30.0
50
Ba2+
12.4
112
Sr2+
15.0
76
Na+
6000.0
23
NH4+
0.0
18
K+
115.0
39
Fe3+
82.0
52
Al3+
8.7
26
HCO3-
548.7
61
CO32-
0.0
60
SO42-
27.0
96
Cl-
10700.0
35
Br-
200.0
70
F-
0.0
18
NO3-
0.0
62
SiO2
300.0
60
PO42-
0.0
94
SOLUTION :
[1] Check TDS
Total Cation =
TDS Feed =
15838.4
ppm CaCO3
17000
ppm CaCO3
TDS/Total Cation =
1.07
TDS/Total Anion =
1.06
[2] Ion Balancing
WATER ANA
ppmw
MW
Ca2+
644.0
40
Mg2+
198.6
24
Mn2+
32.0
50
Ba2+
13.3
112
Sr2+
16.1
76
Na+
6440.0
23
NH4+
0.0
18
K+
123.5
39
Fe3+
88.0
52
Al3+
9.3
26
HCO3-
584.1
61
CO32-
0.0
60
SO42-
28.7
96
Cl-
11389.5
35
Br-
212.9
70
F-
0.0
18
NO3-
0.0
62
SiO2
319.3
60
PO42-
0.0
94

Total Cation =
17000.0
ppm CaCO3
Total Anion =
17000
ppm CaCO3
Total Hardness =
2425.2
ppm CaCO3
141.8
gr/gal CaCO3
Hardness Criteria = Very Hard Water
Total Alkalinity =
479.0
ppm CaCO3
28.0
gr/gal CaCO3
Alkalinity Criteria = Non Sensitive
Min/Max Limit
ppm
TSS
max 50
TDS
pH
min 6
Total Alkalinity
Total Hardness
min 5
Total N
max 5
Total P
max 0.05
Al3+
max 5
Cl-
max 150
F-
max 1
Fe3+
max 0.2
Mn2+
max 0.2
K+
max 0.1
TOC
max 10

(2) Greendsand Filtration
(3) Hardness Removal by Softener
Typical Water : Sea Water
[E] WATER RESOURCE - E

PARAMETER :
TSS =
2000
ppm
TDS =
76000
ppm CaCO3
pH =
Temperature =
70

ppmw
MW
Ca2+
10.0
40
Mg2+
5.0
24
Mn2+
0.0
50
Ba2+
0.1
112
Sr2+
0.1
76
Na+
250.0
23
NH4+
1200.0
18
K+
17475.0
39
Fe3+
0.0
52
Al3+
0.0
26
HCO3-
0.0
61
CO32-
0.0
60
SO42-
10.0
96
Cl-
200.0
35
Br-
0.0
70
F-
0.5
18
NO3-
0.0
62
SiO2
7.0
60
PO42-
1500.0
94
26290.1
ppm CaCO3
76000
ppm CaCO3
SOLUTION :
[1] Check TDS
Total Cation =
TDS Feed =
TDS/Total Cation =
2.89
TDS/Total Anion =
40.07
[2] Ion Balancing
WATER ANA
ppmw
MW
Ca2+
28.9
40
Mg2+
14.3
24
Mn2+
0.0
50
Ba2+
0.3
112
Sr2+
0.3
76
Na+
722.7
23
NH4+
3469.0
18
K+
50517.1
39
Fe3+
0.0
52
Al3+
0.0
26
HCO3-
0.0
61
CO32-
0.0
60
SO42-
400.6
96
Cl-
8013.1
35
Br-
0.0
70
F-
20.0
18
NO3-
0.0
62
SiO2
280.5
60
PO42-
60098.0
94
Total Cation =
76000.0
ppm CaCO3
Total Anion =
76000
ppm CaCO3
Total Hardness =
131.7
ppm CaCO3
7.7
gr/gal CaCO3
Total Alkalinity =
0.0
ppm CaCO3
0.0
gr/gal CaCO3
Alkalinity Criteria = Acidified
Min/Max Limit
ppm
TSS
max 50
TDS
pH
min 6
Total Alkalinity
Total Hardness
min 5
Total N
max 5
Total P
max 0.05
Al3+
max 5
Cl-
max 150
F-
max 1
Fe3+
max 0.2
Mn2+
max 0.2
K+
max 0.1
TOC
max 10

(2) Media Filtration (Sand Filter)
Typical Water : Waste Water
Table 5. Water Hardness Classification - Refer to Pure Water Handbook

by OSMONICS
Hardness Level
(ppm)
Classification
0 ~ 17
Soft Water
17 ~ 60
Slighty Hard Water
60 ~ 120
Moderately Hard Water
120 ~ 180
Hard Water
> 180
Very Hard Water
BOD =
<2
COD =
20
DOC =

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
Miliequivalent/liter
20
al anion = TDS
12
25
56
38
23
59
18
39
17
-1
61
28
-2
30
-2
48
-1
35
34
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
Total Anion =
3137

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
12
25
56
38
23
67
18
39
17
-1
61
31
-2
30
-2
48
-1
35
38
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
pH =
Temperature =
TDS =
Calcium Hardness =
= 30.29 ppm
M-Alkalinity =
See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Ind

RSI =
LSI =
Water Tendency Problem =
Min/Max Limit
Actual Value
ppm CaCO3
ppm
ppm CaCO3
180
max 435
3450
max 8.5
min 20
8.3
-
max 50
1540.7
30
0.0
0.1
0.0
1330.6
2.7
0.1
0.0
17.0
20
Function = to remove TSS

Function = to remove any dissolved organic carbon
Function = to remove TDS until meets water parameter
BOD =
<2
COD =
DOC =

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
66
12
25
56
38
23
87
18
39
17
39
-1
61
-2
30
-2
48
60
-1
35
11
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
Total Anion =
3657
al anion = TDS

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
34
12
25
56
38
23
45
18
39
17
20
-1
61
-2
30
-2
48
82
-1
35
15
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
pH =
Temperature =
TDS =
Calcium Hardness =
= 681.33 ppm
M-Alkalinity =

RSI =
LSI =
Min/Max Limit
Actual Value
ppm CaCO3
ppm
ppm CaCO3
80
max 435
4985
max 8.5
min 20
3.1
-
0.0
max 50
681
136.3
0.0
1.9
544.9
1.4
344.3
4.2
25.7

Function = to remove any iron and manganese ion that are easy to scale in downstrea
BOD =
<2
COD =
20
DOC =

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
12
25
56
38
23
40
18
39
17
-1
61
22
-2
30
-2
48
-1
35
34
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
Total Anion =
3054
al anion = TDS

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
12
25
56
38
23
66
18
39
17
-1
61
25
-2
30
-2
48
-1
35
38
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
pH =
Temperature =
TDS =
Calcium Hardness =
= 19.84 ppm
M-Alkalinity =

RSI =
LSI =
Min/Max Limit
Actual Value
ppm CaCO3
ppm
ppm CaCO3
30
max 435
3400
max 8.5
min 20
9.4
-
max 50
1466.7
20
0.0
0.1
0.0
1347.3
2.8
0.1
0.0
24.8
20

BOD =
COD =
8500
DOC =
40

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
30
12
15
25
56
38
23
261
18
39
17
-1
61
-2
30
-2
48
-1
35
302
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
Total Anion =
15971
al anion = TDS

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
32
12
16
25
56
38
23
280
18
39
17
-1
61
10
-2
30
-2
48
-1
35
321
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
pH =
Temperature =
TDS =
Calcium Hardness =
= 842.57 ppm
M-Alkalinity =

RSI =
LSI =
Min/Max Limit
Actual Value
ppm CaCO3
ppm
ppm CaCO3
10
max 435
17000
max 8.5
min 20
7.3
-
max 50
479.0
843
0.0
0.0
9.3
11389.5
0.0
88.0
32.0
123.5
8500
Function = to remove any iron and manganese ion that are easy to scale in downstrea
Function = to remove hardness that are easy to scale in downstream process
BOD =
60000
COD =
98000
DOC =

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
12
25
56
38
23
11
18
67
39
447
17
-1
61
-2
30
-2
48
-1
35
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
32
Total Anion =
1897
al anion = TDS

Total Valency
Equivalent Weight
20
12
25
56
38
23
31
18
193
39
1292
17
-1
61
-2
30
-2
48
-1
35
226
-1
70
-1
18
-1
62
-1
60
-2
47
1279
pH =
Temperature =
TDS =
Calcium Hardness =
= 43.25 ppm
M-Alkalinity =

RSI =
LSI =
Min/Max Limit
Actual Value
ppm CaCO3
ppm
ppm CaCO3
2000
max 435
76000
max 8.5
min 20
4
-
0.0
max 50
43
0.0
60098.0
0.0
8013.1
20.0
0.0
0.0
50517.1
98000

Fig. 18-18. Scaling Tendency of Water According to LSI and RSI by GPSA
LSI
RSI
0.5
5.5
0.2
5.8
-0.2
6.5
-0.5
-1
-2
-3
10
50.04 as CaCO3 factor
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm
ppm CaCO3
grain/gallon as CaCO3
62
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm CaCO3
2959
173
19
1400
82
1708
100
17

ppm CaCO3
ppm CaCO3
70
70
3341
3341
22
22
1540
1540
1878
1878
18
18
8.3
28 oC
= 82.4 oF
3450 ppm
70 ppm CaCO3
1541 ppm CaCO3
A to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Index) and LSI ( Langelier Scaling Index)
0
N/A
Extremely Severe Scaling
Remark
WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!
WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKS
ppm
ppm
ppm
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm
ppm CaCO3
3309
193
16
4351
254
64
1934
113
21
3001
175
564
33
81
ppm CaCO3

ppm CaCO3
ppm CaCO3
1700
1700
2236
2236
33
33
994
994
11
11
4090
4090
769
769
110
110
11
11
3.1
25 oC
= 77 oF
4985 ppm
1700 ppm CaCO3
0 ppm CaCO3
20
N/A
No scale, very strong tendency to dissolve scale
Remark
Remark
hat are easy to scale in downstream process
ppm
ppm
ppm
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm
ppm CaCO3
25
2000
117
19
1115
65
202
12
1708
100
17
ppm CaCO3

ppm CaCO3
ppm CaCO3
41
41
14
14
3305
3305
32
32
1242
1242
225
225
1901
1901
19
19
9.4
22 oC
= 71.6 oF
3400 ppm
41 ppm CaCO3
1467 ppm CaCO3
0
N/A
Remark

ppm
ppm
ppm
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm
ppm CaCO3
1498
88
761
45
60
11
20
13054
763
147
237
14
50
450
26
28
15099
883
143
250
15
ppm CaCO3

ppm CaCO3
ppm CaCO3
1608
1608
817
817
64
64
12
12
21
21
14011
14011
158
158
254
254
54
54
479
479
30
30
16073
16073
152
152
266
266
7.3
50 oC
= 122 oF
17000 ppm
1608 ppm CaCO3
479 ppm CaCO3
5
N/A
Severe Scaling
Remark
hat are easy to scale in downstream process
le in downstream process
ppm
ppm
ppm
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm
ppm CaCO3
25
21
544
32
3336
195
22364
1308
10
282
17
1597
93
ppm CaCO3

ppm CaCO3
ppm CaCO3
72
72
59
59
1572
1572
9644
9644
64652
64652
417
417
11308
11308
56
56
234
234
63985
63985
4
70 oC
= 158 oF
76000 ppm
72 ppm CaCO3
0 ppm CaCO3
20
N/A
Remark

and RSI by GPSA
Condition
Very Severe Scaling
Severe Scaling
Moderate Scaling
Slight Scaling
Stable Water (no scale)
No scale, very slight tendency to dissolve scale
No scale, slight tendency to dissolve scale
No scale, moderate tendency to dissolve scale
No scale, strong tendency to dissolve scale
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm

4
1
0
0
0
195
0
1
0
0
90
0
0
110
0
0
0
1
0
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm

99
0
0
0
0
131
0
2
58
1
0
0
239
45
0
0
6
1
0
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm

2
1
0
0
0
193
0
2
0
0
73
13
0
111
0
0
0
1
0
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm

94
48
4
1
1
819
0
9
15
3
28
0
2
940
9
0
0
16
0
1 gr/gal= 17.1 ppm

4
3
0
0
0
92
564
3781
0
0
0
0
24
661
0
3
0
14
3742

Raw Water Clasification

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Raw Water Clasification

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Table 1.

US EPA Classification of Lakes and Ponds based on

Concentration of CaCO3 (ppm)

<1 and pH < 5

[A] WATER RESOURCE - A

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

[2] Ion Balancing

[3] Result and Conclusion

Hardness Criteria = Slighty Hard Water

Alkalinity Criteria = Non Sensitive

Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :

Typical Water : Surface Water (River, Lake, etc)

[B] WATER RESOURCE - B

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

[2] Ion Balancing

[3] Result and Conclusion

Hardness Criteria = Very Hard Water

Alkalinity Criteria = Acidified

Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :

Typical Water : Surface Water (River, Lake, etc)

[C] WATER RESOURCE - C

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

[2] Ion Balancing

[3] Result and Conclusion

Hardness Criteria = Slighty Hard Water

Alkalinity Criteria = Slighty Hard Water

Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :

Typical Water : Ground Water (Well)

[D] WATER RESOURCE - D

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

[2] Ion Balancing

[3] Result and Conclusion

Hardness Criteria = Very Hard Water

Alkalinity Criteria = Non Sensitive

Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :

Typical Water : Sea Water

[E] WATER RESOURCE - E

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

[2] Ion Balancing

[3] Result and Conclusion

Hardness Criteria = Slighty Hard Water

Alkalinity Criteria = Acidified

Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :

Typical Water : Waste Water

Table 5. Water Hardness Classification - Refer to Pure Water Handbook

Slighty Hard Water

Moderately Hard Water

Very Hard Water

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Ind

Function = to remove TSS

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Ind

Function = to remove TSS

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Ind

Function = to remove any dissolved organic carbon

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

WATER ANALYSIS - ION

See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Ind