WEEK 1

Curriculum & Instruction

EDU555
En. Muhamad Furkan Mat Salleh
Fakulti Pendidikan
Universiti Teknologi MARA

In this course, you will learn about:

What is curriculum
Curriculum development
Curriculum in Malaysian schools
Course design
What is instruction
Teaching and learning
Microteaching

Curriculum
The word Curriculum originates from the
Latin word currere which means a race
course
Curriculum is commonly defined as a plan of study
For example:
KSSR or Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah is a plan of study
for Malaysian Primary school for a period of 6 years.
KBSM or Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah is a plan of
study for Malaysian Secondary school for a period of 5 years
The B. Sc Ed (Biology/Physics) Curriculum is a plan of study
for a period of 4 years in order to obtain the B. Sc Ed (Bio/Phy)
degree.

Instruction
Refers to the process of giving instruction in a classroom
through the process of teaching and learning.
Instruction thus, is the process of implementing the
curriculum through the process of teaching and learning
by using various approaches, methods and technique.
According to Saylor (1981), instruction is the actual
engagements of learners with planned learning.
As such, curriculum is often associated with instruction.

Definition of Curriculum
Curriculum has been defined differently by
different people according to the purposes
and functions.
The following are some definitions of
curriculum:
a course of study Dressel
a plan for providing sets of learning opportunities for persons to
be educated - Saylor et al., 1981
An organized set of formal education and/or training intentionsDavid Pratt
a plan of learning Taba, 1962

Definition of Curriculum
Jon Wiles and Joseph Bondi view curriculum as a fourstep plan involving
purposes, design, implementation and assessment.
a total instructional program composed of syllabus
or individual course programs Bowen

A general over-all plan of the content or specific

materials of instruction that the school should offer
the student by way of qualifying him for graduation or
certification for entrance into
a professional or
vocational field - Good

Definition of Curriculum
Ministry of Education, Malaysia according to
Akta Pendidikan 1996
Satu program pendidikan yang termasuk
kurikulum dan kegiatan ko-kurikulum yang
merangkumi semua pengetahuan, kemahiran,
norma, nilai, unsur kebudayaan, dan
kepercayaan untuk membantu perkembangan
seseorang murid dengan sepenuhnya dari segi
rohani, jasmani, mental dan emosi serta untuk
menyampaikan pengetahuan.

Definition of Curriculum
Based on the various definitions
given, a curriculum consists of:
A plan which is documented
Consisting of a set of objectives
A list of contents and learning
experiences
Suggested method of teaching or
instruction
A process of evaluation or
assessment methods

Curriculum and
Instruction
The word curriculum is often
associated with instruction, where:
Curriculum refers to the plan or
document.
Instruction refers to the methods of
presenting or implementing the
curriculum content or plan.

For the purpose of instruction, curriculum can be further subdivided as follows:

CURRICULUM

SYLLABUS

SCHEME
OF
WORK

LESSON
PLAN

A plan of study consisting of one or more

course(s) or subject(s)

A plan for a particular course or subject

A detailed outline of the syllabus, divided into

weeks, sessions, or hours etc.

A plan for a particular lesson or instruction

Curriculum and Instruction in Malaysian Schools

CURRICULUM

SYLLABUS

SCHEME
OF
WORK

LESSON
PLAN

Plan of studies (KSSR, KBSM)

Based on National Education Philosophy (NEP)
Developed by Curriculum Development Division
(CDD)
Documented for the various subjects
Supported with Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran (HSP)
Consisting of Topics and Sub-topics and details
for teaching and learning
Planned according to school year and
organized by weeks

Planned by teachers for each lesson by

referring to the Scheme of Work

Curriculum and Instruction in Malaysian IHL

CURRICULUM

Planned by the respective institution

Based on the Philosophy, Vision and Mission

SYLLABUS

Documented for the various subjects or course

Consisting of Topics and Sub-topics and details
for teaching and learning

SCHEME
OF
WORK

Planned according to semester and organized

by weeks 14 weeks for each semester

LESSON
PLAN

Planned by lecturers for each lesson by

referring to the Scheme of Work

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIAN SCHOOLS

MINISTRY
OF EDUCATION

Centralized, top-down system

Standardized curriculum prepared by
CDD

JPN

PENGARAH PENDIDIKAN NEGERI

Primary School
Secondary School

PPD

PEGAWAI PENDIDIKAN DAERAH

Primary School
Secondary School

SCHOOL

PENGETUA, GURU BESAR, GURU

PENOLONG KANAN, KETUA PANITIA

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION(CDD)

To prepare and develop the school curriculum

To disseminate and implement the curriculum
To oversee the implementation of curriculum
To prepare the supporting materials
To evaluate the curriculum development
process

Important Departments at MoE

BPG Bahagian Pendidikan Guru or Teacher Education Division.
Responsible for the training of school teachers.
BSS Bahagian Sekolah-sekolah or Schools Division. Responsible for
the placement of teachers in schools and related services.
LPM Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia or Malaysian Examination
Syndicate. Responsible for centralized examination.
UTP Unit Teknologi Pendidikan or Educational Technology Division.
Resource center for educational technology services.
BBT Biro Buku Teks or Textbook Bureau. Responsible for School
Textbooks. (SPBT Skim Pinjaman Buku Teks)
BPPDP Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan
or Educational Planning and Research Division (EPRD)